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Kovarikia, a New Scorpion Genus from California (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

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Kovarikia, a New Scorpion Genus from California (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Kovarikia, a New Scorpion Genus from California, USA (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Michael E. Soleglad, Victor Fet, and Matthew R. Graham April 2014 — No. 185 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 28 April 2014 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC2A7F7F-C182-4C76-9321-16E695226BC4 Euscorpius — Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2014, No. 185 Kovarikia, a new scorpion genus from California, USA (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Michael E. Soleglad 1, Victor Fet 2, and Matthew R. Graham 3 1 32255 Safflower St., Winchester, California 92596, USA; email: [email protected] 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA; email: [email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut 06226, USA; email: [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC2A7F7F-C182-4C76-9321-16E695226BC4 Summary Genus Kovarikia, gen. nov. (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) is described from southern California, USA. The genus is composed of three species previously placed in Pseudouroctonus: Kovarikia williamsi (Gertsch et Soleglad, 1972), comb. nov. (type species), K. bogerti (Gertsch et Soleglad, 1972), comb. nov., and K. angelena (Gertsch et Soleglad, 1972), comb. nov. Major diagnostic characters of Kovarikia are its unique neobothriotaxy found on the ventral surface of the pedipalp chelae, the occurrence of a secondary lamellar hook on the hemispermatophore, a crescent-shaped mating plug barb, the presence of a secondary exteromedian (EMc) carina on the pedipalp patella, and a swollen telson vesicle with anterior vesicular ridges. Introduction spermatophore and mating plug. Soleglad & Fet (2008: 38) first recognized the uniqueness of this genus and Gertsch & Soleglad (1972) described no less than wrote: 20 species and subspecies in the family Vaejovidae, 13 of which were placed in the genus Uroctonus Thorell. “….The secondary hook may be of Since Gertsch and Soleglad’s original work, the tax- taxonomic importance since it is clear that some onomy of these species, as well as new species described of these species are closely related, especially P. in later years, has gone through several changes. Stahnke williamsi, P. bogerti, and P. angelenus, which (1974) moved most of the species placed in Uroctonus also share other unique characters (e.g., neoboth- into genus Vaejovis and created the genus Pseudo- riotaxy of the chela, see Fig. 13). …”. uroctonus for the sole species P. reddelli. Williams & Savary (1991) defined the genus Uroctonites comprised The analysis presented in this paper confirms the above of a new species U. giulianii and three of the Pseudo- suspicions that trichobothria and the hemispermatophore uroctonus species originally defined by Gertsch & are important taxonomic characters. Herein, we describe Soleglad (1972). Stockwell (1992) reversed most of and illustrate major diagnostic characters for Kovarikia, Stahnke’s taxonomic acts by moving the species Stahnke including trichobothrial configurations, hemispermato- placed in Vaejovis into Pseudouroctonus. Since its phore and mating plug structure, development of inception, five other species have also been placed in pedipalp patellar carinae, and the telson morphology. A Pseudouroctonus, P. minimus (Kraepelin, 1911), P. key to the three species and a map showing their known glimmei Hjelle, 1972, P. sprousei Francke et Savary, distribution is provided. The Appendix provides com- 2006, P. savvasi Francke, 2009, and P. peccatum Tate et plete trichobothrial patterns for the three species of al., 2013. In this contribution, we move three Pseudo- Kovarikia and the hemispermatophore and mating plug uroctonus spp. originally placed in Uroctonus by of K. bogerti. This contribution is part of our ongoing Gertsch & Soleglad (1972) to a new genus, Kovarikia. revision of genera Pseudouroctonus and Uroctonites, The new genus is defined primarily by unique tri- which currently contain 22 species and probably several chobothrial patterns and by the structure of the hemi- additional, unrecognized genera. 2 Euscorpius — 2014, No. 185 Figure 1: Diagnostic trichobothria positional characters of genus Kovarikia, gen. nov. Left-Center. Close proximity of trichobothria Dt and Est, their distance less than that of Dt from the palm base. Right. Et1|V1 line slants proximally. Terminal ventral trichobothrium not located in a depression nor in the ventroexternal carina (V1). Note, rectangles indicated by Est and Dt show the vertical range of the two trichobothria and the vertical double-headed arrow indicates the average position of trichobothria Dt and Est. * includes Pseudouroctonus iviei and P. glimmei. ** excludes Pseudouroctonus iviei, P. glimmei, and P. lindsayi. *** includes P. lindsayi. Methods and Material values are presented in parentheses and sample sizes are presented in brackets. Abbreviations Map generation software package List of depositories: BH, Personal collection of Blaine Hébert, California, USA; GL, Personal collection of Map was generated by Earth Explorer 6.1, with Graeme Lowe, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; MES, positional and altitude data compiled through Google Personal collection of Michael E. Soleglad, Winchester, Maps. California, USA; MRG, Personal collection of Matthew R. Graham, Connecticut, USA; RA, Personal collection of Material Examined Richard F. Ayrey, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Kovarikia angelena: USA, California: Ventura Co., Terminology and conventions Yerba Buena Canyon, 34.0833°, -118.95°, 19 October 1991, 1 ♂, leg. B. Hébert (BH). The systematics adhered to in this paper follows the classification as established in Fet & Soleglad (2005) Kovarikia bogerti: USA, California: San Diego Co., Oak and as modified by Soleglad & Fet (2008). Terminology Canyon, Old Mission Dam, 32.84°, -117.0422°, 11 describing trichobothria adheres to that described in March 1977, leg. S.C. Johnson & W.R. Icenogle, 1 ♀ Vachon (1974), pedipalp chelal finger dentition follows (GL); San Diego Co., Palomar Canyon, 33.3029°, - that described and illustrated in Soleglad & Sissom 116.8807°, June 2013, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. M.R. Graham (2001), that of the sternum follows Soleglad & Fet (MRG). (2003a), the metasomal and pedipalp carination, and leg tarsus armature follows Soleglad & Fet (2003b), and the Kovarikia williamsi: USA, California: San Diego Co., hemispermatophore follows Soleglad & Fet (2008). Santa Ysabel Preserve, 33.10°, -116.70°, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. Note, in this presentation “mating plug” refers to the USGS pitfall trap (MES); San Diego Co., W of Hwy 15, plug located in a hemispermatophore, sometimes re- next to Lawrence Welk Resort, 33.2275°, -117.1505°, ferred to as “hemi-mating plug”. Mean morphometric 2005, 1 ♀, leg. M.R. Graham & J.R. Ingoldt (MRG); Soleglad, Fet & Graham: New Genus Kovarikia from California 3 San Diego Co., Mission Gorge, 32.8390°, -116.9534°, trichobothrial patterns studied, where the Et1|V1 line is 2010,
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