Pakistaniaat: a Journal of Pakistan Studies Vol. 3, No. 1 (2011)
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PAPAKISTANIAT A Journal of Pakistan Studies Volume 3, Number 1, 2011 ISSN 1948-6529; EISSN 1946-5343 http://pakistaniaat.org Sponsored by The Department of English, University of North Texas and the American Institute of Pakistan Studies Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies ISSN 1948-6529; EISSN 1946-5343 Pakistaniaat is a refereed, multidisciplinary, open-access academic journal, published Three times per year, that offers a forum for a serious academic and creative engagement with various aspects of Pakistani history, culture, literature, and politics. Editor Advisory Review Committee Masood A. Raja Zahid Shahab Ahmed, Zia Ahmed, Section Editors Muhammed Hassanali, Charles Boewe, Masood A. Raja, David Waterman, Deborah Cara Cilano, Anila Daulatzai, Leslie Fadiga- Hall, Jana Russ, Mahwash Shoaib, and Stewart, Saadia Zahra Gardezi, Waqar Yousaf Alamgirian Haider Hashmi, David Murad, Mustafa Layout Editor Qadri, Naeem Ashraf Raja, and Zahid Andrew J. Smith Shariff Editorial Coordinators Editorial Board Swaralipi Nandi and Hillary Stringer Qaisar Abbas, Tahera Aftab, Fawzia Afzal- Chief Coordinator, Pakistan Bureau Khan, Waseem Anwar, Kamran Asdar Ali, Waqar Haider Hashmi Michel Boivin, Juan R. I. Cole, Katherine Copyeditors Ewing, Robin Goodman, Pervez Hoodbhoy, Jenny Caneen, Kolter Kiess, Babacar M’Baye, Mojtaba Mahdavi, Hafeez Abid Masood, Adam R. McKee, David Malik, Muhammad Umar Memon, Tariq Murad, Sohomjit Ray, Dennis W. Reed, Rahman, Amit Rai, Sultan-i-Rome, Sayed And Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh Wiqar Ali Shah, Muneeza Shamsie, Amritjit Proofreaders Singh, and Anita Weiss. Jason Gosnell and Andrew J. Smith. Access Pakistaniaat online at http://pakistaniaat.org. You may contact the journal by mail at: Pakistaniaat, Department of English, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311307, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States, or email the editor at: pakistaniaat@ gmail.com. The views presented in Pakistaniaat are those of the respective authors and should not be construed as the official views of anyone associated with the journal. All works published in Pakistaniaat are covered by a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies Volume 3, Number 1, April 2011 Contributors Syeda Sara Abbas teaches technical and business writing at Point Park University, Pittsburgh and is interested in rhetoric, language and texts from the Islamic world. She is a Carnegie Mellon alumna (MA) and is currently working on a textbook for children with Islamic heritage. Mansoor Abbasi is a journalist and a scholar from Pakistan. Rizwan Akhtar: Originally from Pakistan, Rizwan Akhtar is currently a PhD candidate at the University Of Essex, UK. His poems have appeared in Poetry Salzburg Review, Poetry NZ, Wasafiri, decanto, tinfoildresses , Poesia and the few have been anthologised by Forward Press UK. Shadab Zeest Hashmi holds an MFA from Warren Wilson. She has been the editorof the annual Magee Park Poets Anthology since 2000. Originally from Pakistan, she lives in San Diego. Her poems have been included in Nimrod International, Hubbub, New Millennium Writings, The Bitter Oleander, Poetry Conspiracy, San Diego Poetry Annual, Pakistani Literature and online in The Cortland Review and UniVerse: A United Nations of Poetry among other publications. Her book of poems Baker of Tarifa (Poetic Matrix Press) was published in 2010. Muhammad Iqbal is a graduate student in the Department of History and Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur. Samia Khalid Meo is a lecturer in the Department of History and Pakistan Studies, Islamia University Bahawalpur. Claire Omhovère is a Professor of English and Commonwealth Literature at University Paul Valéry – Montpellier 3 (France). Masood Raja: Author of Constructing Pakistan (Oxford UP), Masood Ashraf Raja is an Assistant Professor of Postcolonial Literature and Theory at University of North Texas. Sohomjit Ray is a Ph.D. candidate of literature at Kent State University. Amit Ranjan is a Ph.D. candidate in South Asian studies, at JNU, India. Dr. Sultan-I-Rome is an Assistant Professor of History at Govt. Degree College Matta Swat, Pakistan. Mashhood Ahmed Sheikh is a postgraduate student at the University of Tromso, Norway. David Waterman is Maître de conférences in English at the Université de La Rochelle, France, as well as a member of the research team CLIMAS (Cultures and Literatures of the English Speaking World) at the Université Michel de Montaigne, Bordeaux III, France. Dr. Asad Zaman (BS MIT 74, Ph. D. Stanford 78) is a professor of Economics currently at International Islamic University, Islamabad. He has previously taught at LUMS, U. Penn., Columbia, and Bilkent University. Table of Contents Refereed Articles On Improving Social Science Education in Pakistan Asad Zaman........................................................................................................1 Pakistan’s Relations with the United States During Ayub Khan’s Period Muhammad Iqbal and Samia Khalid ………………………………………...13 Deliberative Oratory in the Darkest Hour: Style Analysis of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s Speech at the Security Syeda Sara Abbas ……………………………………………………………25 Crises and Reconciliation in Swat Sultan-i-Rome...................................................................................................53 Reviews , -2$7)(%)&($ % * &&$! *....................................................................................................80 , -2 % 6" )*%3&$ %*&($) $ *%!%55555555555555555555555555555555588 , -2+* &%%%( * /%) ' %" )*% , *($%.............................................................................................91 , -&(%*2' # ))+&%" )*% # ($&,0(555555555555555555555555555555444;: Notes and Commentaries 6" )*%#* &%)3 &(*(* ) &% Masood Ashraf Raja........................................................................................98 +# *. )*(.&( $'(&, %444& (+* &% %" )*% )&&$ "............................................................................101 Poetry and Prose #,%&($&%) %(.## ('( )* )$ .........................................................................................106 The Mystic dancers of Punjab Rizwan Akhtar.....................................................................................................107 " )*% *&(. Rizwan Akhtar.....................................................................................................108 Interviews % %*(, -- *+# "(&) %)&&() 55555555555555555555555555555555889 Notable Pakistan-Related Texts List of Recent Pakistan-Related Texts David Waterman..................................................................................................1 Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies On Improving Social ScienceV Education in Pakistan* By Asad Zaman Introduction Many authors have lamented the state of social sciences in Pakistan (e.g. Nadeem-ul-Haque (2007) or Inayatullah et. al. (2005). The HEC has also taken note of the lack of significant research, shortage of suitably trained faculty, and created a Committee for Development of Social Sciences and Humanities to find remedies. However, before rushing to solutions, I believe we must take time out for an accurate diagnosis. It has happened all too often that impatient activists have not taken out sufficient time to pause for diagnosis, and have ended up administering the wrong medicine in their haste. Why is the state of social sciences going from bad to worse in Pakistan? A simple answer, often given, is that there is no money in it. The argument goes as follows: our best and brightest students traditionally chose to study Engineering and Medicine, because these professions offered the best prospects. When MBA’s and Computer Sciences started to pay, degrees in these areas also became popular. When Social Scientists start earning well, we will get more enrollments and attract better faculty, and generally improve the state of affairs. Those with market-oriented views, especially popular among economists, believe that market prices are socially optimal. That is, low wages for social science means that social sciences are not very valuable or productive for society. If this is so, then there is no problem to fix. We should not invest resources in areas that are not very productive or valuable. Several prominent educationists have expressed the sentiment that developing countries cannot afford to waste resources on philosophy, literature or soft sciences – these luxuries can only be afforded by the rich. We must concentrate on science, technology, infrastructure etc. as the route to riches. This diagnosis suggests that we treat the problem with benign neglect. This is not only naïve, but dangerously wrong. In fact, the poor health of the social sciences is an extremely serious problem, solving it is a high priority issue, and our approach to the solution will significantly impact the future of Pakistan. At the same time, the problem is complex and multi-dimensional, and solutions will require coordinated efforts on several fronts to succeed. In Education in Asad Zaman Pakistan, Qureshi (1975) described the historical process, which led to rote- learning, and a meaningless education system aimed only at getting jobs, rather than advancing learning and creating the thrill of advancing the frontiers of knowledge. In this short article, it is not possible for me to discuss all of these various dimensions. Instead I focus on just one aspect, namely the extent to which we should