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Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico. -
Redalyc.La Guerra Perdida
El Cotidiano ISSN: 0186-1840 [email protected] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco México Dávila, Patricia La guerra perdida El Cotidiano, núm. 164, noviembre-diciembre, 2010, pp. 41-46 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32515894006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto La guerra perdida Patricia Dávila* La guerra que durante tres años ha mantenido en esta ciudad fronteriza el gobierno federal en contra del narcotráfico, sólo logró evidenciar al gobierno mexi- cano: por un lado, su ineficiencia para combatir a los grupos de narcotraficantes, y por el otro, la protección que brinda al cártel de Sinaloa y a su principal dirigente, Joaquín Guzmán Loera; sobre todo en la pelea que el poderoso capo sostiene para desplazar de la plaza a Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, líder del cártel de Juárez, quien a su vez ha contado con la protección de las autoridades locales. C iudad Juárez, Chih.- Frente a un Clinton. advirtió que “los cárteles los grupos criminales” establecidos en ejército de 10 mil soldados, policías de las drogas adquieren atributos de esta ciudad, el 28 de marzo de 2008, el federales y municipales, en esta tierra grupos terroristas e insurgentes”. entonces secretario de Gobernación, bañada con la sangre de casi siete mil Hillary Clinton definió: “México vive Juan Camilo Mouriño, puso en marcha personas, en la que impera la Ley del narcoterrorismo”. -
Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations
Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations June S. Beittel Analyst in Latin American Affairs Updated December 20, 2019 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R41576 Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations Summary Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) pose the greatest crime threat to the United States and have “the greatest drug trafficking influence,” according to the annual U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA’s) National Drug Threat Assessment. These organizations work across the Western Hemisphere and globally. They are involved in extensive money laundering, bribery, gun trafficking, and corruption, and they cause Mexico’s homicide rates to spike. They produce and traffic illicit drugs into the United States, including heroin, methamphetamine, marijuana, and powerful synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and they traffic South American cocaine. Over the past decade, Congress has held numerous hearings addressing violence in Mexico, U.S. counternarcotics assistance, and border security issues. Mexican DTO activities significantly affect the security of both the United States and Mexico. As Mexico’s DTOs expanded their control of the opioids market, U.S. overdoses rose sharply to a record level in 2017, with more than half of the 72,000 overdose deaths (47,000) involving opioids. Although preliminary 2018 data indicate a slight decline in overdose deaths, many analysts believe trafficking continues to evolve toward opioids. The major Mexican DTOs, also referred to as transnational criminal organizations (TCOs), have continued to diversify into such crimes as human smuggling and oil theft while increasing their lucrative business in opioid supply. According to the Mexican government’s latest estimates, illegally siphoned oil from Mexico’s state-owned oil company costs the government about $3 billion annually. -
The Changing Face of Colombian Organized Crime
PERSPECTIVAS 9/2014 The Changing Face of Colombian Organized Crime Jeremy McDermott ■ Colombian organized crime, that once ran, unchallenged, the world’s co- caine trade, today appears to be little more than a supplier to the Mexican cartels. Yet in the last ten years Colombian organized crime has undergone a profound metamorphosis. There are profound differences between the Medellin and Cali cartels and today’s BACRIM. ■ The diminishing returns in moving cocaine to the US and the Mexican domi- nation of this market have led to a rapid adaptation by Colombian groups that have diversified their criminal portfolios to make up the shortfall in cocaine earnings, and are exploiting new markets and diversifying routes to non-US destinations. The development of domestic consumption of co- caine and its derivatives in some Latin American countries has prompted Colombian organized crime to establish permanent presence and structures abroad. ■ This changes in the dynamics of organized crime in Colombia also changed the structure of the groups involved in it. Today the fundamental unit of the criminal networks that form the BACRIM is the “oficina de cobro”, usually a financially self-sufficient node, part of a network that functions like a franchise. In this new scenario, cooperation and negotiation are preferred to violence, which is bad for business. ■ Colombian organized crime has proven itself not only resilient but extremely quick to adapt to changing conditions. The likelihood is that Colombian organized crime will continue the diversification -
Justice-Reform
Mexico Institute SHARED RESPONSIBILITY: U.S.-MEXICO POLICY OPTIONS FOR CONFRONTING ORGANIZED CRIME Edited by Eric L. Olson, David A. Shirk, and Andrew Selee Mexico Institute Available from: Mexico Institute Trans-Border Institute Woodrow Wilson International University of San Diego Center for Scholars 5998 Alcalá Park, IPJ 255 One Woodrow Wilson Plaza San Diego, CA 92110-2492 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 www.sandiego.edu/tbi www.wilsoncenter.org/mexico ISBN : 1-933549-61-0 October 2010 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and collaboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs. Supported by public and private funds, the Center is a nonpartisan institution engaged in the study of national and world affairs. It establishes and maintains a neutral forum for free, open, and informed dialogue. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. The Center is the publisher of The Wilson Quarterly and home of Woodrow Wilson Center Press, dialogue radio and television, and the monthly news-letter “Centerpoint.” For more information about the Center’s activities and publications, please visit us on the web at www.wilsoncenter.org. -
Ciudad Juarez: Mapping the Violence
Table of Contents How Juarez's Police, Politicians Picked Winners of Gang War ............................... 3 Sinaloa versus Juarez ................................................................................................................... 3 The 'Guarantors' ............................................................................................................................ 4 First Fissures, then a Rupture.................................................................................................... 4 Towards a New Equilibrium? ..................................................................................................... 6 Barrio Azteca Gang Poised for Leap into International Drug Trade ..................... 7 Flying 'Kites' and Expanding to the 'Free World' ................................................................. 7 Barrio Azteca’s Juarez Operation ............................................................................................. 8 The New Barrio Azteca ................................................................................................................ 9 Barrio Azteca’s Modus Operandi .............................................................................................. 9 Becoming International Distributors? ................................................................................. 10 Police Use Brute Force to Break Crime’s Hold on Juarez ........................................ 12 Case Study: Victor Ramon Longoria Carrillo ..................................................................... -
Two Dozen Federal Employees Arrested, Charged with Aiding Drug Traffickers LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository SourceMex Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 10-30-2002 Two Dozen Federal Employees Arrested, Charged with Aiding Drug Traffickers LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sourcemex Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Two Dozen Federal Employees Arrested, Charged with Aiding Drug Traffickers." (2002). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sourcemex/4573 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in SourceMex by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 52918 ISSN: 1054-8890 Two Dozen Federal Employees Arrested, Charged with Aiding Drug Traffickers by LADB Staff Category/Department: Mexico Published: 2002-10-30 Mexican authorities have arrested more than two dozen government employees who are alleged to have been working on behalf of Mexico's prominent drug-trafficking organizations. The arrests were the result of an undercover operation that began in October 2001 and is continuing, said Attorney General Rafael Macedo de la Concha. The suspects, which included retired military personnel, law-enforcement officers and mid- level bureaucrats, are accused of providing inside information to drug traffickers in exchange for payments amounting to thousands of dollars each month. The accused workers, employees of the Procuraduria General de la Republica (PGR), the Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA), and the Secretaria de Seguridad Publica (SSP), relayed strategic information primarily to the cartels headed by Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada, Osiel Cardenas Guillen, and Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman. -
La Linea and Los Linces Author: Matthew Pacilla Review: Phil Williams
Organization Attributes Sheet: La Linea and Los Linces Author: Matthew Pacilla Review: Phil Williams A. When the organization was formed + brief history La Linea is the armed wing of the Juarez Cartel that serves an enforcer role, murdering and kidnapping enemies of the Juarez cartel while also contributing to drug trafficking efforts.1 The group is comprised of former and current Mexican state police officers as well as drug traffickers who take part in assassinations, kidnappings, and the only Mexican gang to have performed a car bombing against federal authorities. The infamous car bombing took place in Juarez City, killing four people including a police officer. It was intended to kill federal police and was detonated by cell phone.2 Established by Amado Carrillo Fuentes, the former leader of the Juarez cartel, to specialize in enforcement. Los Linces, a special detachment of La Linea, was established in response to the need for even more assistance against Mexican authorities and associates of the Sinaloa cartel. Infamous for killing a group of teenagers at a birthday party which resulted in 16 deaths and many other injuries. The group thought that one of the teenagers was an informant for the police.3 Los Linces (The Bobcats) are a special unit within La Linea whose sole purpose is to carry out assassinations on important targets. They are comprised of ex-special forces members from the Mexican Army, and are considered the more militaristic of the two enforcement groups that work for the Juarez cartel. Los Linces are comparable to Los Zetas in terms ofmilitary experience and have been known to operate in small groups of no larger than 5 individuals. -
Pancho Villa and the Lord of the Skies: Narcocorridos in the Mexican Corrido Tradition
PANCHO VILLA AND THE LORD OF THE SKIES: NARCOCORRIDOS IN THE MEXICAN CORRIDO TRADITION Sarah Goldsworthy Berry History499: Senior Thesis June 13, 2011 ©Sarah Berry, 2011 1 The corrido is a traditional narrative ballad of Mexico. Though it had roots in older, probably Spanish song-forms, the corrido did not come into its own until the late 19th century.1 The popularity of corridos was gradually eclipsed but surged again in the 1970‟s with the successful commercial release of Contrabando y Traición (Smuggling and Betrayal.) Salieron de San Isidro They left for San Isidro, coming Procedentes de Tijuana, from Tijuana, Traían las llantas del carro They had their car tires full of Repletas de yerba mala. "bad grass," (marijuana) Eran Emilio Varela They were Emilio Varela and Y Camelia La Tejana. Camelia the Texan -translation Elijah Wald The song was a huge hit for the band Los Tigres del Norte, and its popularity is widely credited for ushering in the new era of corridos. Termed narcocorridos, these ballads recount the treachery, excitement, and violence surrounding the drug trade. These songs are nearly as controversial as the drug trade itself. Widely perceived as glorifying and even contributing to drug-related violence, the narcocorrido is popular throughout Mexico and the United States, despite condemnation and efforts to ban them from radio airplay. However, the themes they contain are far from new. Tracing the corrido treatment of the themes of smuggling and banditry from the revolutionary era to today, we see that the narcocorrido is deeply rooted in Mexican culture, and like the traditional corrido is a narrative attempt to 1 The origins of the corrido, to what degree they are rooted in Spanish songs, and whether they are exclusively Mexican or in fact can be found in other Latin American countries has been a lively debate, and is far from a settled issue. -
PREFACE the Influence of Organised Crime in the Balkan Area, As Is Well
PREFACE The influence of organised crime in the Balkan area, as is well known, has reached levels that have required a considerable acceleration in efforts to combat this phenomenon. Albania is involved in many initiatives set up by the international community, which are matched by efforts at national level. In 2005, the Democratic Party achieved a decisive victory in the political elections with the support of its allies, making a commitment to reduce crime and corruption in the country. This victory, and more importantly the ordered transition of power which followed it, has been regarded at international level as an important step forward towards the confirmation of democracy. Despite the active presence of organised criminal groups over the territorial area and the influence exercised by them in the country's already critical social and economic situation, Albania, recognising the need to bring its legislation up to date and to strengthen the institutions responsible for fighting crime, has moved with determination in the direction of reform. With regard to bringing the legislation into line with international standards, we should remember that in 2002 Albania ratified the United Nations Convention against Trans National Organised Crime (UNTOC) and the relative additional protocols preventing the smuggling of migrants and trafficking of human beings. In February 2008 it also ratified the third and final protocol on arms trafficking. Since 1995, Albania has been a member country of the Council of Europe; in 2001 it became a member of the Group of States Against Corruption (GRECO) and in 2006 it also ratified the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC). -
Ending Colombia's FARC Conflict: Dealing the Right Card
ENDING COLOMBIA’S FARC CONFLICT: DEALING THE RIGHT CARD Latin America Report N°30 – 26 March 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. FARC STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES................................................................... 2 A. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ...................................................................................................................4 B. AN ORGANISATION UNDER STRESS ..............................................................................................5 1. Strategy and tactics ......................................................................................................................5 2. Combatant strength and firepower...............................................................................................7 3. Politics, recruitment, indoctrination.............................................................................................8 4. Withdrawal and survival ..............................................................................................................9 5. Urban warfare ............................................................................................................................11 6. War economy .............................................................................................................................12 -
Ese Cáncer Que Llamamos Crimen Organizado
ESE CÁNCER QUE LLAMAMOS CRIMEN ORGANIZADO Antología de textos que lo retratan Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Ricardo Ravelo, Héctor de Mauleón, Alejandro Almazán, Sanjuana Martínez, Javier Valdez Cárdenas, José Reveles, Daniela Rea, Thelma Gómez Durán y Patricia Dávila. Enero 2014 © Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Ricardo Ravelo, Héctor de Mauleón, Alejandro Almazán, Sanjuana Martínez, Javier Valdez Cárdenas, José Reveles, Daniela Rea, Thelma Gómez Durán y Patricia Dávila. Esta es una publicación de la Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung y Para Leer en Libertad A.C. www.rosalux.org.mx [email protected] www.brigadaparaleerenlibertad.com Antologadores: Beatriz Sánchez, Salvador Vázquez, Paco Ignacio Taibo II , Daniela Campero y Jorge Belarmino Fernández. Cuidado de la edición: Alicia Rodríguez. y Salvador Vazquéz Diseño de interiores y portada: Daniela Campero ÍNDICE Prólogo..............................................................................................................7 Paco Ignacio Taibo II Narcoviolencia. Ocho tesis y muchas preguntas.......................11 Ricardo Ravelo El ejército doblegado....................................................................................21 Héctor de Mauleón Atentamente, El Chapo.................................................................................43 Alejandro Almazán Un narco sin suerte.......................................................................................69 Sanjuana Martínez Crónica de una fuga anunciada................................................................89