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A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa

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A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA is also obtainable ]rom Compiled by University of California Press. MURIEL HORRELL 2223 Fulton Street, DUDLEY HORNER Berkeley, California 94720. JOHN KANE-BERMAN and ROBIN MARGO Universit f Californio y a Press Ltd.. 2-4 Brook Street, Research staff London W1Y 1AA, South African Institute of Race Relations England. ISB N86982.040 0 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 JOHANNESBURG JANUARY 1973 Xll A SURVE F RACYO E RELATIONS, 1972 LEGISLATION OF 1972 WHITE POLITICAL PARTIES: Pagt DEVELOPMENTS IN 1972 Bantu Education Account Abolition Act, 20/1972 ... ... ... ... 344 Bantu Laws Amendment . Act.. 176,177,210,211,44, . 23/197.. .. 2 4 Bantu Transport Services Amendmen6 15 . .. t Act. .. 11/197.. .. 2 BY-ELECTIONS IN THE EARLY PART OF THE YEAR Basters of Rehoboth Education Act, 85/1972 ... ... ••.••• ••• 45- Coloured Persons in South West Africa Education Act. 63/1972 45 A provincial by-election in Gezinu, Pretoria, during February Coloured Persons' Representative Council Amendment Act, 99/1972 ... 16 wa straigha s t contest between representative Nationae th f so l Party Community Development Amendmen! 12 . .. t Act. .. , . 93/197.. .. 2 and the ultra-right wing Herstigte Nasionale Party. In a low Contributions in Respect of Bantu Labour Act. 29/1972 ... ... ... 152. Genera Amendmenw La l t Act. .. , 70,72,153,17. 102/197.. .. 2 ! 'percentage poll r cent(reporte Nationalise pe th )2 4 t a d t candidate Group Areas Amendment Act. 83/1972 ... ... ... ... ... ... 133,159 . was returned with a large majority. Mines Works and Minerals in South West Africa Amendment Act, Of much greater significance was the Brakpan parliamentary 47/1972 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 5, by-election, held on the same clay. Brakpan is one of the Nationalist Nama in South West Africa Education Act, 86/1972 ... ... ... Namaland Consolidation and Administration Act, 79/1972 ... ... (urhan strongholds. The percentage poll was 57 (as against 70.6 Seashore Amendment Act, 38/1972 ... ... ... ... ... ... pe e r197 th cen 0n i t parliamentary elections) e resulTh . t was: Second Bantu Laws Amendment Act, 30/1972 ... ... ... ... N.P. 4714; U.P. 3 322; H.N.P. 784. According to Professor Willem Security Intelligenc Statd ean e Security Council Act, 64/1972 , Klcynhans, a leading political scientist.' as compared with the 1970 South African Indian Council Amendment Act, 67/1972 ... ... Suppression of Communism Amendment Act, 2/1972 -IL.,--^ ••• .] parliamentary voting, this represented a swing of 12.6 per cent away Transport Services for Coloured Persons and Indians Act, 27/1972 ... 151 from the Nationalists, and of 10,6 per cent towards the United Parly. e OucltshoorTh n parliamentary by-electio n i s Aprin wa l vigorously contested by all three parties. Oudtshoorn is a mainly rural constituency in which, for some years before the 1970 pro- vincial elections, N.P. candidates had been returned unopposed. e resultTh s were: N.r. u.r. ll.N.I'. N.P. Majority "., Poll .October 1970 5693 2246 3 44 ' 7 76.9 • April 1972 6666 1 81 88 84 4 85,2599 This was reported- as representing a 6,1 per cent swing in favour of the N.P. The tactics used by this party, as described in -more detail later, were appeals to Afrikaner group loyalties, and 'attacks on the alleged dangers to Whites of the U.P.'s race policies. e samTh e tactic ' s e Brakpawer th e N.P e n th i use. ny b d 'provincial by-electio Mayn ni . There was r cen,pe t then 3 poll6 a , , jthe results being: N.P. 6161; U.P. 4031 e N.PTh .. majorits wa y J738 more than in February, but 1 595 fewer than in 1970. N.P. ATTACK ON THE U.P. The United Parly's racial policy, as enunciated in 1970 and M971 thas wa .t South Africa shoul e maintainedb economye on s da . 'under "enlightened White leadership". Communal councils would be established for each of the main racial groups to administer 1 Star. 4 February2 . 1 K/inil Dally Mail. 1 April2 . NATIONAL PARTY A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS. 1972 k elements, both inside and outside this House, that hate the Afri- Ihcir internal affairs, with statutory standing committees serving as1 kaner>» he majntajQed. This led to uproar, during which personal links between Parliamen thesd an t e councils federatioA . raci. or na accusations were e bandie thefrod Th nan . Ministeo t d f Sporo r t CVJLIllllUlllllv-communitiesa wa»Tl»so thmve ultimat„.-. ———— —e— aim------. Durin^ P^;g^f'^'jtiund Recreation. Mr. F. W. Waring, said, "If the U.P. does not m o nte a 7 representation in Parliament would be a unchanged; but Blacki •pull itself together s becomini t i , ga hom r everythinefo g that hales would be granted limited representation in the House of Assembly ^Afrikaans." with separate voters' rolls for each group. There would be si] A prominent member of Ihe U.P., Mr. E. G. Malan. claimed" Coloured representatives, two White representatives of Indians, are .that all members of Parliament understood Afrikaans, but had the eight White representative Africane th f so a tota( s f sixteen)o l i Th . - with contempt arrangement would not be altered unless by resolution of a decisiv ,,Hc thc e parof th no t majority of the White electorate at a referendum or general electiol v of some of his fellow- held solely to consider the matter. 1 ** seeing here to-day is a return After the U.P. congresses in 1971, committees were set up l( i c <d "r r *S. m," - Graaft, leader of the Oppo- conside d makan r e representation e e leadepartth th f yo o t rs <? "shocked and disappoinled at the lengths to constitulional matters, Coloured affairs, and Indian affairs At $ y (somNationalistse th t eo ) wero t y etr prepareo t o g o l d e by-electionth tim f o e s mentioned, these committeed ha s llic electorate of Oudlslioorn lo ignore (he problems of reported. HSouth Africa o o ignorl vott , n e i frustrationsy e Ih tr e o t d an , Shortly before the Oudlslioorn by-cleclion, N.P. members am; accoriiance wj(|i t|ie can of ,|1C hloocl or in accordance with race the N.P. Press advanced the argument that the proposed sixlca jp^judic|, Africa.c " Sout n Black representatives would have the casting vote on any issii', i Mj j f Transport, Mr. B. J. Schoeman. allcsed later" The n sler o 1 over which parties might be divided. Mr. Marais Viljoen. MmisW ,(ha, (hc Enclish-languagc Press had distorted Mr. Bollnfs original of Labouf Post o d Telegraphs d an s an r e Assembly, th sai n di ;remJ , arks d pleade. ha fhos r o equalite Afrikaanfo dth wh c r fo y s want lo say here to-day in all seriousness that if this Parliame j <-g,jaccused of bealing the tribal drum, and the most c c uag wer an e loadeb o it s d with suc ha non-whit t knono e wbloo d whetn cI o (jcspjcat,|c cartoons were publishe certainewspapers.e n i dth f o n " Nationalist Afrikanerhood will ever again come int owns oit . Thcr ,|,n cQ tol |1c,. |land cerlajn u.P. members. M r exampl. fo D , . Mr e fore wha t slakt a wil e s everythineb i l g whic While deas th i h o f t r $trcjc],cr >< majllta c jtn Afrikaannc s d wa ( |„ ia• t s Press whicd ha h and everythin r whic fo gNationalise th h t Afrikane s foughha r t a ^osle||d. "Boerehaat campaign", e th ca e so his life long" thee Th n. Ministe f Communito r y Development W , T,]e Prjmc Mjnjstcr sajd<^ "We want respec eacr fo th other's Blaar Coclzee, said,' "One canno t awage t y fro face mth t that IK forage." Sucd h ha t show respec s a "persono ha y s b no wa t nwh N.P. consists chiefly of the Afrikaners and the U.P. cruelly of IK ^ppjt(jhyo has the intelligence lo learn a language 0 or Un w anc English-speaking, and you are going lo use those sixteen (BM ^ rcfuscs to do so". He indicaled that certain of the (U.P.) nicm.- rcprcsentalivcs o keeC.'berNatae u l )e Afrikane (h yo p Ih f f f powelI so o Provincia t . ou rr l Executive were unabl o havl e e intcr- thau wilyo tl creat a esimpl y unprecedented situatio f hatreo n d i^yj^ m j Afrikaans-speakingw g peopl n thein i languagee ow r I " . South Africa." .. -have no reason," he slated, "lo feel confident that if the U.P. came The Minister of Bantu Administration and Development M r, |Afrikaner,. s would be safe in South f s o 0 rjghl c e (h . BothaC . M , stated beed 5 ha thaN.Pne e Id th Naskeh t di .y Africa." dwh " n e representativetrusth f to eve e e Blacknon th f o o svott s iln ;o e side. The N.P. did not want such support, he said: it did not w'^fegvELOPMIiNl-S W1TH|N THE NATIONAL PARTY lo "cal thesn i l e Non-White people allies oua f s o sr parly agaj.-. Mf ^^ ;A Gerdcner >a formc r Adminislralo f Na(ao r K a While opposition part n thii y s Parliamen .
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