Advice on safer swallowing Level 5 Minced and moist diet

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Follow us on Twitter @NHSaaa Find us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/nhsaaa Visit our website: www.nhsaaa.net All our publications are available in other formats As you are currently having difficulty swallowing, your speech and language therapist recommends that you change the consistency of your food. The consistency we recommend for you is:

Level 5 Minced and moist diet You should follow these recommendations at all times. Depending on the nature of your difficulties, your speech and language therapist may review these recommendations.

What is a Level 5 Minced and moist diet? • Can be eaten with a fork and spoon. • Can be scooped and shaped (e.g. into a ball) on a plate. • Soft and moist with no separate thin liquid. • Small lumps visible within food (4 mm) • Lumps are easy to squash with the tongue. Please note: In hospital this diet is called Level 5 Minced and moist. If you are speaking to any staff- for example, a doctor or nurse- please refer to the diet as Level 5 Minced and moist.

2 Preparing a Level 5 Minced and moist diet Most foods can be mashed if they are cooked until soft and moist and served with a thick gravy or sauce. The thickness of the food will depend on how much liquid is added.

Advice for specific foods • Meat: meat must be finely minced – pieces approximately four millimetres in size. No hard bits of mince. Serve in a very thick, smooth (non- pouring) sauce or gravy. If the meat is very tender it can sometimes be cut into small pieces and then mashed or minced with a sauce. Please note that some tougher meats may need to be processed in a food processor to achieve a finely mashed consistency. There should be some variation in texture as long as it does not require too much chewing. If it cannot be finely minced it should be puréed. • Fish: Serve finely mashed and in a very thick, smooth (non-pouring) sauce or gravy. • Fruit: Serve mashed. Drain away any juice that has separated. • Casserole, stew or curry: Must be very thick. Can contain meat, fish or vegetable if finely mashed and are fully mixed in. • Bread: No bread.

3 • Cereal: The texture of very thick smooth porridge or the texture of fully softened wheat-biscuit breakfast cereal with milk fully absorbed. Any milk or fluid must not separate off - no loose fluid, no mixed (thick – thin) textures. Overall texture must be very thick. Because this is a single texture food it could be served thinner if you are on thinner fluids – your speech and language therapist will advise you. • Desserts: The texture of very thick, smooth yogurt (no bits) or stewed apple in very thick custard. Or the texture of soft sponge cake with smooth filling, fully softened by mashing and mixing in with very thick, smooth (non-pouring) custard. Note: You should not have ice cream or jelly if you need thickened fluids, as these can change to normal thickness in your mouth.

Foods that are mashed easily include: • Pasta: soft pasta dishes mash well if extra sauce is added - for example, macaroni and cheese. • Potatoes: these can be mashed with butter or margarine and milk. • Vegetables: carrot, turnip, broccoli and cauliflower (with no stalks). • Fruit: bananas, strawberries, stewed apples and pears.

4 Foods which do not mash well: • nuts • peas • sweetcorn • coconut • some breakfast cereals. Check before serving and eating that: • no hard pieces, crust or skin have formed during cooking, heating and standing; and • fluid, gravy, sauce or custard in or on the food has not thinned out or separated off.

Examples of appropriate food stuffs: Breakfast: • Weetabix soaked in milk. Make sure the milk is fully absorbed, with no loose fluids. • Porridge • Thick and creamy yogurt • Mashed fruit • Fruit juice - this should be thickened if you need thickened fluids. Lunch and dinner: • smooth soup • inside of a jacket potato with tuna, egg mayonnaise or spreading cheese 5 • scrambled egg • cheese and potato pie (no pastry) • boiled egg mashed with butter • soft omelette (finely mashed) • mashed cauliflower cheese • finely minced meat or flaked fish served with a thick sauce • mashed potatoes made with butter and milk • mashed pasta or rice in a thick sauce • mince and potatoes • haggis, neeps and tatties • corned beef hash or stovies • spaghetti Bolognese • meat or chicken curry and rice (finely mashed) • mashed, soft, well-cooked vegetables - must not be ‘stringy’ or ‘woody’. See high risk foods Desserts: • milk pudding • stewed fruit and custard • rice pudding • semolina • yoghurts • mousse • Angel delight • mashed banana

6 • trifle with soft fruit • soft tinned fruit - for example, mashed pears or peaches. Points to remember for you or whoever is making your food: • Presentation of this diet is extremely important. It needs to look and smell as good as possible, and it helps you know what flavour to expect. It doesn’t look very attractive if foods are mashed together. • If the food does not look attractive, it may affect how much you eat which could in time lead to unwanted weight loss. • Remove tough skins and large seeds before mashing.

High risk foods Below is a list of ‘high risk foods’. These are the foods that are most likely to make you cough and choke and therefore, you should avoid them. • stringy fibrous textures - for example, pineapple, runner beans or celery • vegetable and fruit skins including peas, grapes, baked beans, soya beans, and black eyed beans • mixed consistencies - for example, cereals which do not blend with milk such as muesli, mince and thin gravy, soup with lumps

7 • crunchy foods - for example, toast, dry biscuits or crisps. • crumbly foods - for example, bread crusts, pie crusts, dry biscuits

Swallowing strategies: Here is some general advice which you may find useful. Please note not all of the items will necessarily apply to you. Please concentrate on the ones which your speech and language therapist has ticked specifically for you. • Sit in an upright position. • Take your time. • Take small mouthfuls. • Try to eat in a quiet place, with few distractions. • Chew food well and make sure that your mouth is empty before taking another mouthful. • Only heat up small portions of food at a time so that food does not get cold. • Smaller, more frequent meals may be less tiring. • Consult your family doctor (GP) or pharmacist about taking medication in syrup or soluble form. Do not crush tablets or open up capsules without checking with your pharmacist that it is safe to do this.

8 Things to avoid: foods that you find difficult - for many people, these will be hard, dry or stringy foods. See High risk foods; taking very large mouthfuls; tipping your head back; eating and drinking when you feel short of breath; talking while eating and drinking; and straws unless specifically recommended by your speech and language therapist; Please refer to any additional information sheets your speech and language therapist has given you.

Further Information Please contact the Speech and Language Therapy department if: • you or your relatives have any worries or questions about your swallowing problem; • your swallowing deteriorates; or • you develop new swallowing difficulties.

9 Your Speech and Language Therapy department telephone number is:

Reproduced with kind permission from NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

10 Notes

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Tha gach sgrìobhainn againn rim faotainn ann an diofar chànanan, clò nas motha, Braille (Beurla a-mhàin), teip claistinn no riochd eile a tha sibh airson a thaghadh.

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Last reviewed: March 2019 Leaflet reference: SLT15-006-CC PIL code: PIL19-0024