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Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Working Fluids

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Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Working Fluids 1 -G-135 •A ASME UICAIO s1 3 e coy $15 o ASME Memes E AMEICA SOCIEY O MECAICA EGIEES 35 E 7 S ew Yok Y 117 e Sociey sa o e esosie o saemes o o u ice i aes o iscussio a meeigs o e Sociey o o is is e-is • S s o ie i is uicaios iscussio is printed only if the pvw. -,,: p r ,blishod in. an ASME / Yw MEG rnl r rdn eease o geea u im • u ;• saio u sou e G e• o ASME ec a U isi a e auo (s Copyright © 1980 by ASME Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-pdf/GT1980/79665/V01BT02A041/2393438/v01bt02a041-80-gt-135.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 Cose-Cyce Gas uie Wokig C ee uis Characteristic requirements of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) working fluid Came were identified and the effects of their thermodynamic and transport properties on the CCGT cycle performance, required heat exchanger surface area and metal operating temperature, cycle operating pressure levels, and the turbomachinery E Wig design were investigated. Material compatibility, thermal and chemical stability, safety, cost, and availability of the working fluid were also considered in the study. ockwe Ieaioa/ockeye This paper also discusses CCGT working fluids utilizing mixtures of two or more iisio pure gases. Some mixtures of gases exhibit pronounced synergetic effects on their Caoga ak Cai characteristic properties including viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl number, resulting in desirable heat transfer properties and high molecular weights. Typical examples of such synergetic—gas mixture are helium-xenon and helium- rbn dxd. IOUCIO e coe o is ae is ase iciay uo e CCG wokig uis suy couce ue om e emoyamic saoi a emae e OE sosoe ogam o eauae aace coa- gases ca e caiae cose-cyce gas uie (CCG ie ea ecage esig coces o cose-cyce wokig uis ecause e oy equisie o e gas uie owe geeaio sysems e uose emoyamics o e ayo cyce is a e wok- o e wokig uis suy is o ieiy e ca- ig ui e oeae i e gaseous egio ooe is aceisic equiemes o a CCG wokig ui; o ciica emeaue ougou e eie cyce O- seec caiae wokig uis o e use i e iousy acica cosieaios suc as ema sa- coa-ie CCG owea; a o iesigae e iiy cemica ieess iammaiiy a oi- eecs o ei emoyamic a aso oe- ciy wi eimiae amos a ogaic gases a ies o e cyce eomace a o e sie com- oy a ew o e iogaic uis ae ee co- eiy a cos o e equime Maeia comai- siee suiae o e CCG aicaios Amog iiy ema a cemica saiiy saey cos em ai as ee e mos commo wokig ui use a aaiaiiy ae aso mao acos o cosiea- i saioay CCG oweas (e 1 a o io i e suy CCG sace owe sysems (e 3 weig a sie oimiaio as geeay aowe e seecio o EEC O CYCE EOMACE wokig uis o mooomic gases wi meium moecu- I ee is o essue oss i e ea ecages a weigs icuig eo ago a miues o a e ies e CCG cyce ema ecieacy sou eium a eo eoeicay e ieee o e wokig ui a Wi e ae o gas-cooe ucea eacos sou emai e same wi ay eec gas oeaig uig e as ecae o cao ioie a eium a e same emeaue ees aoug e essue gases ae ee use successuy as wokig meia o aio wi e iee o gases aig iee eaco cooig a seam geeaio esig suies seciic ea aios y ae ee caie ou i e Uie Saes (e Wi iie essue oss i e cicui e com- Gemay (e 5 a ace (e o uiiig esso wi e equie o eie a ige essue eium gas uies o ig-emeaue gas-cooe aio a e uie eeieces e essue eacos (G A ossi-uee io eium CCG aio aco eie as e aio o e oea u- owea was comee i 197 a as sice ee ie essue aio o e oea comesso essue i oeaio i Gemay (e 7 o es oucea aio as a sigiica eec o e CCG cyce ei- comoes a o acquie e ecessay ackgou ciecy as sow y e os o e oimum cyce eeiece eaig o e eeua eeome o eiciecy a oimum essue aio esus essue age-scae eium G-CCG owea aio aco o a ecueae CCG cyce wi eea- ig a iecooig i ig 1 e see ecie o e cyce eiciecy wi e ecease i essue aio aco iicaes e imoace o miimiig e essue osses i e CCG cyce cicui Contributed by the Gas Turbine Division of The American Society of e aese eec o essue oss aso ees Mechanical Engineers for presentation at the Gas Turbine Conference & uo e eaie magiue o e essue oss o Products Show, New Orleans, La., March 10-13, 1980. Manuscript received at ASME Headquarters January 2, 1980. e oea oeaig essue aio us wi a ie essue aio aco e eomace egaa- Copies will be available until December 1, 1980. io y e essue oss wi e ess seee wi 7 ecueae eea a iecooe CCG cyce a a ie essue aio aco o 33 e oe cue gies e oimum eiciecy esus e oimum comesso essue aio wi ayig y aues A ie essue aio aco a aoimae ie- OAT 1 M ece o 1 eceage ois is oe aog e cue ° ewee e oimum eiciecy aue o iaomic M,^^NCf gases o y = 1 a e oimum eiciecy aue o moaomic gases o y = 17 ecause o e ige 40 8 / oimum oeaig essue aio o e iaomic / / gases Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-pdf/GT1980/79665/V01BT02A041/2393438/v01bt02a041-80-gt-135.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 a EEC O UOMACIEY ESIG 3 Seciic ea Cp a moecua weig M ae e wo imay ysica oeies o e wokig ui aecig e uomaciey esig a eom- / 20 4 ace Wi ie gas emeaue ees acoss e uie o e comesso e oa eay o is ooioa o e seciic ea e ume o uie o comesso sages equie is e Y 17 gie y UIE IE A EEA EM 175 2 ' COMESSO IE - 1 C A EGEEAO I = 5 n --- (1 UIE 1=9 =- COMESSO 11- 5 wee A is e gas emeaue ieece acoss e I I I I I o ■ I 7 uie o comesso a A is e esig eay 100 95 9 5 80 75 7 5 60 55 ESSUE AIO ACO cage acoss eac uie o comesso sage Wi I 1 I I I 1 ow moecua weig gases suc as eium a yo- 11 17 31 39 9 ge aig ig soic eociies e maimum esig OA ESSUE OSS AAMEE ,% sage eay cage i e uie is usuay I I I I I imie y e ae ceiuga sess wie wi 2 4 6 8 1 gases aig ow soic eociies e maimum sage A / E E ASS O ASSES eay cage is geeay soic eociy imie ig 1 Eec o CCG essue o o oimum ae 1 sows e comaiso o e soic eociies CCG cyce eiciecy (egeeaie o e ee wokig uis ai e/CO (/ y eeaig a iecooig moe miue a e a aious emeaues e soic eociy o e eium gas is amos ee imes gases equiig ige oimum oeaig essue a o e oe wo gases o imuse uies aios ee oug e emeaue aio may e e e esig ae ageia eociy is aoimaey same I oe wos iaomic gases suc as ai a o e oe ei eociy e eium gas ec wi gie ige CCG cyce eiciecies a moaomic gases (e A e ec wi ige ae 1 Comaiso o Soic eociies y aues ecause e oimum oeaig essue o Ai e/CO 2 a e aios o iaomic gases ae geeay ige a ose o moaomic gases M 9 M= M-3 AI e/CO e igue sows e eec o e seciic ea Y Y s aio y o e wokig ui o e eiciecy o a ° C v fp C s C 7 15 7 1331 11 155 131 533 1 17 3715 1 35 135 111 375 13 1 1 17 599 Y- 1 I i 13 5 55 1377 15 3 1375 111 1 17 57 GASES 80 3 15 153 33 13 1353 1 17 3335 -SECIIC EA U/- Y • SECIIC EA AIO • •SOIC EOCIY S 17 MMCG M - MOECUA WEIG C 17 ASES uies ca e u u o is sess imie i see I wiou eceeig is soic eociy a e oe 3 ei wie e uie see wi wokig uis 4 AIO ACO 33 suc as ai o e/CO miue wou oay e imie E A EEA EM - 175 F y e soic eociy a e oe ei eoe e 20 O IE EM- 1 -5 F imiig ae sess is eceee ece e mai- O - 5 mum aowae i see a e esig sage eay 'r GEEAO9 °9 cage ca e ige o eium uie a o ai o e/CO 2 uie ige i see meas ige oaie see o eium uie fl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 A age ume o uie o comesso sages is OEA COMESSO ESSUE AIO aso eece wi eium wokig ui a wi ai o e/CO 2 miue om Eq (1 aoug e aio o ig Eec o y o CCG cyce eomace e umes o sages (eium eaie o ai o (egeeaie eea a iecooig 2 e/CO wi e ess a ei eaie aio o se- was is ey muc aece A e same A/ eium ciic eas ue o e ige esig sage eay cooig wi esu i sigiicay owe mea em- o o eium eaues a ai cooig o e "i-e" suace o a uiie e comuso/ea ecage owee Sice e comesso is ie a e uie a cage om eium-o-ai cooig may make ess a sa see e imiig i see cieio oes 1 ieece i e oa suace equie u wi o eis ecause is ae i iamee is susa- o seiousy aec mea emeaues iay smae a ose o e uie e imi- ig aco i e comesso esig owee usuay e eaiosi ewee e wokig ui ea ies i e ae aua ow aea wic is equa o ase coeicie a e essue o ca e e- e ae eig imes e ic cice cicumeece ie as oows ecause o age aiaios o gas esiy a oume G Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-pdf/GT1980/79665/V01BT02A041/2393438/v01bt02a041-80-gt-135.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 ow as e gas uegoes cages o is essue a hD CU 1/3 emeaue aog e comesso sages e equie Ke = 3 ( K aua ow aea o ae eig wi oe ecee u e 1 ( e maimum imi a e comesso ie sage o e- wee comes eceeigy sma a e as sage aicua- = ea ase cieicie o e wokig y o wokig uis oeaig a ig essue ui sie aios = equiae iamee = ow Coss- I is o e oe a e oimum oeaig es- e secioa aea/wee eimee sue aios o ai a e/CO 2 miue ae ige a a o eium gas eeoe wi a ie esig K = ema couciiy o e wokig ui uie ie essue e ai o e/CO 2 comesso C = seciic ea o e wokig ui ie sage wi oeae a sigiicay owe es- P sue a wi e moe ikey o ecoue e ae = iscosiy o e wokig ui eig imiaio a e eium comesso ie G = mass ow eociy o e wokig ui sage is may esu i ee owe oaie see a is aowe i e uie esig e essue o acoss e ues i e uue egime is gie y A esig oio suc as siig e uie a e comesso io ig-essue a ow-essue 5 uis a oeaig em a iee sees is = 31 (3 usuay ake o cicume is imiaio e com- ('D_eeG ( eiy associae wi is oio mus e weige wee i a aeo agais e euce eiciecy wi owe oeaig essue aio o owe moecua A = icioa o acoss e ues weig gases owee i aeas a aequae u- A = eg o e ues omaciey ca e esige o ay o e commo caiae CCG gases = mass esiy o e wokig ui Comiig Eq ( a (3 y eimiaig G eas o EA ASE A ESSUE O -7 • • A ume o ea ecages icuig ie gas 0 e = 53 IC K}1 I eaes ecueaos cooes uie oomig cyce ecoomies a oies ae emoye i e 57 CCG cyce e cos a sies o ese ea eca- D e ges ae eee uo e ea ase coeicies ( A 0 4L • Cp o e CCG wokig ui a e aowae essue os acoss ese ea ecages Sice e es- Susiuig e eec gas equaio = (M//(/ sue o is ciica o e CCG cyce ema ei- i Eq ( gies ciecy i is esiae a wokig uis wi ig ea ase a ow ow icio caaceisics -7 e seece 0.086 , D 0.371 h = 0.0543 1 pC u ) .
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