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Redalyc.PETER J. UCKO 1938-2007 Intersecciones en Antropología ISSN: 1666-2105 [email protected] Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina ENDERE, MARÍA LUZ PETER J. UCKO 1938-2007 Intersecciones en Antropología, núm. 8, 2007, pp. 3-5 Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=179514534001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto | 3 OBITUARIO PETER J. UCKO 1938-2007 Peter John Ucko falleció el 14 de En 1981 sucedió a Colin Renfrew junio de 2007 en la ciudad de Londres, como profesor de arqueología de la Uni- había nacido en Buckinghamshire, In- versity of Southampton. Durante su pe- glaterra, el 27 de julio de 1938. Se gra- ríodo en dicha universidad aceptó asu- duó en Antropología en la University mir el cargo de Secretario Nacional del College London (UCL) en 1959 y obtu- Congreso Británico de la International vo su PhD en Arqueología Prehistórica Union of Pre and Protohistory Sciences y Egiptología en la misma universidad (IUPPS) que se llevaría a cabo en Ingla- en 1962. Luego se incorporó como terra en 1986, con la promesa de que profesor del Departamento de Antropo- podría incluir nuevas temáticas -como logía de la UCL donde fundó la School el rol de la arqueología en el presente- of Material Culture Studies. Durante esa y permitir la participación de delegados época publicó dos libros memorables: de países del Tercer Mundo. Él logró The Domestication of Plants and Animals y Man, que finalmente el Comité Ejecutivo del Congreso adop- Settlement and Urbanism. En 1967 publicó con Andre tara la política de excluir a los delegados de Sudáfrica Rosenfeld, Paleolithic Cave Art. Para entonces era un y Namibia porque provenían de países donde se prac- conocido especialista en arte rupestre. En 1968 su ticaba el apartheid. Esta decisión dividió a la comuni- monografía Anthropological Figurines of Predynastic dad académica y muchos encumbrados miembros de Egypt and Neolithic Crete contradijo las teorías de la la IUPPS renunciaron. Ucko se vio envuelto en un diosa Madre de Marija Gimbutas, generando críticas conflicto político de tales proporciones que excedió el de parte de algunas feministas de la época, pero la ámbito académico y amenazó seriamente su futuro solidez de sus argumentos le valió finalmente el reco- profesional y su prestigio personal. Sin embargo, deci- nocimiento del ámbito académico. dió seguir adelante y, finalmente en setiembre de 1986, se llevó a cabo en Southampton el Primer Congreso En 1972 aceptó el cargo de director del Australian Mundial de Arqueología, más conocido por su sigla en Institute of Aboriginal Studies en Canberra, Australia, inglés (WAC: World Archaeological Congress). La res- donde ejerció un rol clave en el reconocimiento de los puesta del mundo académico fue elocuente, asistieron derechos indígenas en ese país. Durante su mandato casi mil participantes de todas partes del globo, in- se llevó a cabo la primera restitución voluntaria de cluido del Tercer Mundo y miembros de comunida- restos humanos indígenas en Australia, ya que dicho des indígenas. Ucko creó y editó la serie One World instituto accedió a devolver en 1976 un esqueleto Archaeology para publicar los trabajos resultantes del encontrado en Melbourne. Cuando dejó el cargo en congreso. Muchos de los volúmenes de esa serie han 1980 se aseguró de ser el último blanco en ocuparlo sido de gran influencia en la formación de las genera- y de que su sucesor sea un aborigen australiano. ciones subsiguientes de arqueólogos. Todos estos ex- En su breve paso por Zimbabwe como asesor del traordinarios sucesos fueron relatados por el propio nuevo gobierno, a comienzo de los 80s, reunió prue- Ucko, años después, en su libro: Academic Freedom bas de cómo los arqueólogos que trabajaron durante and Apartheid: The Story of the World Arcaheological el régimen de Ian Smith habían manipulado la eviden- Congress (Londres, Duckworth, 1987). cia arqueológica para justificar un régimen blanco en dicho país. Intersecciones en Antropología 8: 3-5. 2007. ISSN 1666-2105 Copyright © Facultad de Ciencias Sociales - UNCPBA - Argentina 4 | M. L. Endere - Intersecciones en Antropología 8 (2007) 3-5 En 1996 fue contratado como Profesor de Arqueolo- dad. Colegas de todo el mundo se entristecieron con gía Comparativa y Director del Institute of Archaeology la noticias. En la página electrónica del WAC se repro- de la University College London. Su misión fue enton- dujeron innumerables mensajes de condolencias pro- ces modernizar el instituto y convertirlo en un centro cedentes de todos los rincones del mundo. Los princi- líder de la arqueología a nivel mundial. Él lo logró con- pales diarios ingleses y numerosas revistas académi- tratando profesores de diferentes partes de mundo y cas de la especialidad publicaron extensos obituarios ofreciéndoles cargos docentes a arqueólogos que esta- en su memoria. ban fuera de la academia pero que tenían una actua- El recuerdo de Peter Ucko estuvo permanentemente ción destacada en museos y centros de gestión. Su oferta presente en la Cuarta Reunión de Teoría Arqueológica académica era lo suficientemente amplia como para que en América del Sur e Inter Congress del WAC, celebra- cualquier estudiante del mundo pudiera ir allí a desa- da en Catamarca, pocos días después de su muerte. El rrollar sus propios casos de investigación. Dr. Gustavo Politis y la presidenta del WAC, Dr. Claire En esos años, su preocupación se centró principal- Smith, lo recordaron especialmente y comentaron su mente en estudios sobre patrimonio y arqueología in- labor. Ucko había visitado Argentina en junio de 1999, dígena. Su visión crítica sobre las asunciones común- junto a Jane Hubert, su esposa e infatigable compañe- mente aceptadas respecto del patrimonio, enriqueció ra. Aquí dictó un curso de posgrado en la Facultad de el debate y profundizó las reflexiones académicas so- Ciencias Naturales y Museo de la Universidad Nacio- bre el tema. Se sumaron a la oferta académica innu- nal de La Plata y una serie de conferencias en la Fa- merables seminarios extracurriculares, con motivo de cultad de Ciencias Sociales, UNCPBA, en Olavarría. los cuales desfilaron por el instituto visitantes de los También visitó algunos sitios arqueológicos en la pro- más diversos países y de las más variadas profesiones vincia de Buenos Aires y saboreó un cerdo a la parri- para integrar mesas de discusión. Por entonces, se lla -su plato favorito- en la Estancia Miñana, a metros comenzó a editar la revista Public Archaeology, para del Fortín del mismo nombre. Entre sus numerosos lo cual Ucko contrató a un prestigioso periodista, Neil proyectos estaba el de regresar a la Argentina, para Ascherson, como su editor. realizar actividades académicas pero también para vi- sitar aquellos lugares que había conocido a través de A su retiro, en el 2005, el Institute of Archaeology los trabajos de sus alumnos. tenía un staff académico de 70 miembros full-time y 600 estudiantes provenientes de 40 países diferentes. En el Peter Ucko siempre tenía en mente más proyectos año 2006, la University College London publicó un li- que tiempo material para realizarlos, se imponía a sí bro en su homenaje titulado: A future for Archaeology: mismo una disciplina de trabajo espartana y solía po- the Past in the Present, el cual fue editado por Robert ner bajo enorme presión a quienes debían secundarlo Layton, Stephen Shennan y Peter Stone. Gustavo Politis en la tarea. Muy inglés a la hora de cumplir su agen- fue invitado a escribir un capítulo dedicado a la región da; muy poco inglés para decir sus verdades, solía que tituló: Theoretical and Ethical Issues of Archaeology despertar amores y odios casi por igual. Con sus estu- in South America. diantes, fue un director omnipresente y dedicado, co- rregía con tanto rigor los trabajos de sus doctorandos, Luego de su retiro, Ucko se abocó al intercambio como los suyos propios. Famoso por su malhumor pero entre investigadores europeos y chinos y al entrena- también por sus bromas, generoso a la hora de invitar miento de estudiantes chinos en la investigación ar- a la mesa y de ofrecer su casa a cuanto colega extran- queológica, para lo cual creó el Internacional Centre jero pasara por Londres. Siempre dispuesto a hacer todo for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology. A lo largo de lo que estaba en sus manos para menguar las distan- su frondosa y variada labor académica fue autor de cias entre arqueólogos del Primer y del Tercer Mundo, varios libros, numerosos artículos y editó 22 volúme- abrió las puertas de la Universidad de Southampton y nes de la serie One World Archaeology y 8 volúmenes del Institute of Archaeology de Londres a los estudian- de la serie Encounters with Egypt, entre otros. tes e investigadores de todo el mundo. Una diabetes, con la que venía luchando desde Extremadamente sensible y apasionado para oír y hacía décadas, lo llevó a una muerte prematura, frus- hacer oír las voces de aquellos que eran discrimina- trando los numerosos proyectos “de trabajo” que te- dos por su condición racial, sobre todo si se trataba nía para cuando “estuviera retirado” y su sueño de de descendientes de nativos, condujo a la comunidad disfrutar de su “cottage”, lejos del bullicio de la ciu- | 5 arqueológica mundial a asumir una responsabilidad todo el mundo y de sentarlos en un mismo foro de ética y a “tomar partido” más allá del papel escrito. Su discusión con los representantes de los pueblos indí- labor en el WAC fue decisiva y, pese a que nunca lle- genas fueron enormes desafíos que, sólo alguien como gó a ser su presidente, siempre se lo reconoció como él, pudo haberlos alcanzado.
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