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Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Dominican Amber

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Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Dominican Amber 7968 SYsrEMATICS Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Dominican Amber C. H. DIETRICH! AND FERNANDO E. VEGA2. 3 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 88(3): 263-270 (1995) ABSTRACT Three species ofCicadellidae from Dominican amber-Krisna garciamarquc=i. new species (Krisnini). Krocarites refie:ra. new genus, new species (Nirvanini), and]assoqualus hispanio[ensis. new species (Nirvanini)-are described and illustrated. and represent the first known fossil representatives of these two tribes. Nirvanini and Krisnini are not known to occur presently on Hispaniola. DeSCriptive notes are given for fossil species in the subfamilies Agal­ liinae. Cicadellinae. Typhlocybinae, and Xestorephalinae. Comparison of fossil leafhoppers from the Tertiary period to those known from the Cretaceous suggests that much subfamily­ throu!!:h genus-level diversification occurred between the late Cretaceous and middle Tertiary. and that modern genera existed as early as 55 million years ago. KEY WORDS Greater Antilles. systematics, biogeography AMBER-PRESERVED INSECfS ARE known to occur 1992), but only Xestocephalus (Xestocephalinae) in several parts of the world, with amber from the has been reported from Dominican amber (Poinar Baltic area and the Dominican Republic having 1992). The fossil leafhoppers described herein the highest number of specimens recorded from Dominican amber. with an estimated age of (200.000 and 20,000 respectively; Poinar 1992). In­ 25-40 million years (late Eocene to late Oligocene; sects become entombed in amber by landing on Poinar 1993), are of interest because they repre­ plants exuding resin; this resin eventually turns sent the oldest known representatives of some into copal and millions of years later, into amber modem cicadellid subfamilies and, in some cases, (Poinar 1992). With a percentage of insect inclu­ represent groups that are not known to occur pres­ sions in Dominican amber of =5% (Sanderson & ently on Hispaniola. Farr 1960. Davis 1989), an enormous amount of Examination of fossil leafhopper specimens in insect diversity has been preserved. For example, the BrodzinskylLopez-Penha Collection (BLPC) 22 insect orders and >232 insect families have originating in the Dominican Republic and housed been identified in Dominican amber (Davis 1989, at the Smithsonian Institution (Davis 1989). and Poinar 1992). with the most abundant orders being the personal collection of the second author Colt'optera. Diptera. H~menoptera, Homoptera, (FEVC), revealed at least seven species represent­ and Psocoptera (Poinar 1992), All of these amber­ ing six subfamilies: Agalliinae, Cicadellinae (tribe preserved insects may be considered windows into Cicadellini), Iassinae (tribe Krisnini), Nirvaninae the past. allOwing us to learn more about the be­ (tribe Nirvanini), Typhlocybinae (tribe Dikraneu­ havior. biogeography. and phylogeny of extinct spe­ rinO. and Xestocephalinae (genus Xestocephalus). cit'S (DeSalle et al. 1992; Cano et al. 1992. 1993; Of these, three specimens are sufficiently pre­ Poinar 1993), served to permit their formal deSCription. The oldest undoubted Cicadellidae are from the lower Cretaceous (=118 million years before pres­ Subfamily IB8sinae ent), These have been referred to the Cicadellinae. Tribe Krisnini Myerslopiinae (Hamilton 1990, 1992), and Ledri­ KmRa garciamarque:si, New Species nae (Shcherbakov 1992), Fossil representatives of (Figs. 1-5 and 16-17) the Typhlocybinae. Deltocephalinae, Iassinae, Coelidiinae, and Macropsinae have been described Diagnosis. This species differs from extant New from Baltic amber (early Eocene to early Oligo­ World members of the genus in having the anterior cene. 35-55 million years before present; Poinar margin of the head weakly (rather than strongly) spatulate with several (rather than one or two) dis­ 'Department of Mierobiolo~·. Colorado State University. Ft. tinct transverse carinae. Collins. CO 110523. Description. Length i.O mm. 2Mv,:otoxin Researt:h Unit. i'iational Center for Agricultural Head. Crown in dorsal view (Fig. 1) weakly pro­ Utili";'tion Researt:h. USDA-ARS. 11;15 i'iorth Universitv Street. Peoria. IL 61604. duced, anterior margin in lateral view (Figs. 2 and 3(;urrenl address: Department of Biol~·. University of Central 1i) narrowlv rounded and somewhat shelflike. with Florida. Orlando. FL 32Hlfi. three complete transverse carinae medially and a 264 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOCICAL SOCIEn' OF AMERICA Vol. 88, no. 3 4:!Yw -- ~::.=- 5~-" 7 14 13 ~ May 1995 DIETRICH & VEGA: AMBER LEAFHOPPERS 265 few additional incomplete carinae laterall:.. dorsad Rico. have the 8th abdominal segment subtnmcate and ventrad of margin; ocellus near dorsal part of­ posteriorly and almost entirely concealing the margin, adjacent to eye; antennal ledge oblique, plates. which are relatively short and narrow. The weak: antennal flagellum shorter than width of fossil species also differs from the Puerto Rican head; lateral frontal suture not reaching ocellus; species of KTisna in haVing the head less stranal\" crena broad, not emarginate; proepisternum small spatulate and with distinct transverse carinae ~~ but visible. the anterior margin. The latter feature suggests an Thorax. Pronohlm in dorsal "iew (Fig. 1) "\ith affinity to the Old \Vorld subfamily Selenocephal­ numerous distinct transverse striae; in lateral view inae, some of whose members resemble Krisna in (Figs. 2 and 17) with dorsal margin convex. form­ size and shape but have deltocephaline-like male in" continuous contour with crown and mesono­ genitalia-Le., sternum VIII short, valve and plates tu~. lateral margin long, tapering anterad, distinct­ triangular. h' carinate. Prothoracic femur "\ith anteroventral This species is named in honor of Gabriel Garcia row of numerous fine setae and one stout apical Marquez, ""inner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for seta; mesothoracic tibia with numerous stout dorsal Literature. setae; metathoracic femur (Fig. 4) with setal for­ mula 2 + 2 + 1, all setae subequal in size, tibial Subfamil~' Nirvaninae rows I and II "vith numerous close-set macrosetae Tribe Nirvanini of equal length. tarsomere I with dorsoapical pair Krocariles. !'iew Genus of macrosetae. tarsomere II with one dorsoapical (Figs. 6-9 and 18-20) macroseta. Forewings (Fig. 3) opaque, apices over­ lapping slightly in repose. venation reticulate api­ Type Species. K refiexa, new species, by mono­ cally, inner apical cell narrow and elongate, appen­ typy. dix narrow. Diagnosis. This genus differs from all e:'l."tant Male Genitalia. Sternum VIII (Fig. 5) large and Neotropical Nir\"aninae in the stmcture of the scooplike. posterior margin evenly rounded. largely head. which lacks a marginal carina and has nu­ concealing plates; pygofer in lateral "iew triangular merous irregular lateral longitudinal striae. with sparse macrosetae; plates elogate. narrow. Description. Head (Figs. 6 and 20). CrQ\.vn \\ith numerous short setae. strongly produced, rounded to face, weakly raised Material Examined. HOLOTYPE: O. Domini­ mesad of eyes, with numerous fine longitudinal can RepubliC. BPLC #8649. striae dorsally and laterally that converge toward Although the face. legs. and underside of the apex; antennal ledge in lateral \iew curved and body are largely concealed in the fossil upon which oblique, continuous ""ith lateral margin of fronto­ this description is based, the reticulate foreWing clypeus; antennal flagellum nearly as long as body; venation and the form of the male genitalia­ lateral frontal sutures weak. not reaching ocelli; subgenital plates slender and basally concealed by ocelli smalL indistinct. located laterallv well anter­ the large scooplike sternum VIII-suffice to place ad of eyes; frontoclypeus in lateral ~iew weakly this species in the modern genus Krisna Kirkaldy. concave with short, distinct longitudinal carina me­ Webb (1991) found that the New \Vorld species of diall:-' at apex of head; cl:-pellus flat. rectangular. this genus differ from those of the Old World in approximately as \\ide as lomm; gena weaklv emar­ lacki;l~ an extension of the hind \\ing marginal vein ginate ventrad of e:-·e. not concealing small proe­ onto the jugum. It was not pOSSible to determine pisternum. ventral lobe extended slightl:-' beyond the condition of this character in the fossil. None­ apex of clypellus; labium extended slightly beyond theless. the parabolically rounded 8th abdominal apex of front coxa. sternulll and the relativel:-' long subgenital plates Thorax. Pranotum (Figs. 6 and 19) glabrollS. de­ sug,gest that this species is more dosel:-' related to pressed, lateral margin not carinate. Prothoracic Old \Vorld Krisna species than are the extant New lemur (Fig. 8) "\ith dorsal preapical pair of macro­ \\'orld species. The three extant New World spe­ setae. anteroventral row of 10-11 setae extending cies (Caldwell & Martorell 1950. DeLong 1982), from approXimately lIIidlength to anteroventral all of which are apparentl:-' restricted to Puerto Range of apex. two apical setae stouter than others; FiJ;ts. 1-15. K I!arcitll/wn/llc=i. new speeies. holotype <5. 1. head. pronotum, mesonotum. and scutellum. dorsal view: 2. head. prenotum. and mesanepistemulll. lateral view: 3, forewing: 4, ril?:ht metathoracic femur, apex: 5. portions of male terminalia. in lateral view. visible below forewing margin. K rcflcxa. new species, I,o!otype ~. 6, habitus. lateral view (apex of hind wing exposed); 7. Illetathoracie tibia (apex) and tarsus (setal rows from left to ril?:ht are 1\'. I. II. and III): 8. ril?:ht prothoracie femur. tibia. and tarsllS,
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