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And Other Egg Parasitoids 56 Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids 3rd International Symposium San Antonio (Tx , USA) View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE September 23-27, 1990 provided by Repositório da Universidade dos Açores E. WAJNBERG S.B. VINSON Editors Trichogramma and other egg parasitoids San Antonio (Tx, USA), Seplember 23-27, 1990 Ed. INRA. Paris 1991 (Les Colloques n·56) Contribution to the study of the egg parasitic Hymenoptera of the Azores Islands B. PINTUREAU·, L. OLIVEIRA··, L. ANUNCIADA··· INSA-INRA, Bat 406, 20 Av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France .. Universidade dos Ar;ores, Dept de Biologia, 9500 Ponta Delgada, Portugal ••• Universidade do Algarve, 8000 Faro, Portugal Summary During the summer of 1989, several Hymenoptera egg and non egg parasitoids were captured in the island of Sao Miguel, Azores. The non egg parasitoids belong to the Ichneumonoidea. Cynipoidea. Ceraphronoidea, Proctotrupoidea (Diapriidae and Plastygasteridae) and Chalcidoidea (Aphelinidae and Eulophidae). The egg parasites are Proctotrupoidea (SceJionidae) and Chalcidoidea (Mymaridae and Trichogrammatidae). These last ones belong to the genera: Gryon. Telenomus. Ooclonus. Anaphes and TrichiJgramma. They are the first egg parasitoids to be recorded from the Azores. The TrichiJgramma is T.cordubensis, only known from Spain and North Africa. Introduction eggs (potential hosts) on several plants : Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Tubiflorae, In biological control, it is frequent to intro­ Solanaceae), Brassica campestris L. (Rhoea­ duce a parasitoids, then to look for it and to dales, Brassicaceae), Pisum sativum L. (Rosa­ identify the local fauna. This happened in the les, Fabaceae), Rubus ulmifolius Schott (Ro­ Azores, where two species of Trichogramma sales, Rosaceae), Mentha suaveoleus Ehrh. were imported from Mexico and Morocco to (Tubiflorae, Labiaceae) and Scrophularia control Mythimna unipunctata Haworth (Lep .• auricuJata L. (Tubiflorae, Scrophulariaceae). Noctuidae). This control became, however, of The eggs were maintained in glass vials until little effectiveness and in 1989 we searched for hatching of I arvae or emergence of parasi toids. eventual autochthonus parasitoids, not pre­ These last ones were placed in 70% ethanol, viously known. We found a certain number of and then mounted under coverslips in Canada Hymenoptera parasitoids, and among them balsam according to the technique of Bay\ac several egg parasitoids. (1986). The identification was derived from mor­ phologic characteristics and the available keys Materials and methods (Gauld & Bolton, 1988; Medvedev, 1988). It The capture of the Hymenoptera was done at was carried out to the genus level for all the egg random in several regions and at different parasitoids, except for the Trichogramma West· altitudes, in the island of Sao Miguel: Furnas wood where the species level was reached. For (300m). Sete Cidades (275m), Remedios this we used not only a morphological charac­ (250m), Livramento (110m) and Rabo de Peixe terization but also an electrophoretic analysis. (50m) (Fig. 1). We used a sikle shaped net for Two enzymatic systems were stained, estera­ the capture of the adults and gathered all the ses and superoxide dismutases (SOD), accor- 116 Figure 1: Districs of the capture of the Hymenoptera in the [sland ofS.Miguel, Azores, 1989. ding to the technique described by Pintureau - Telenomus sp. B. This species was captured (1987). in Remedios, Furnas and Livramento by net on 1h the 15 and the 21 It of July, and emerged from Three strains were studied, all presenting a noctuid eggs collected from 15 to 21 of July, thelytokous parthenogenesis. The analysed during the month of August and at the begin­ samples were composed of the in toto homoge­ ning of September. A laboratory multiplica­ nate of 30 daughters of an isolated mother (30 tion was possible on the eggs of Sesamia samples of each strain for the esterases and 30 nonagrioides Left. (Lep., Noctuidae), but not for SOD). As the morphological examinations on the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller needed some males, we tried to obtain some by (Lep., Pyralidae). submiting the strains to extreme temperatures : the whole development at 30"C or at lIT; (2) Chalcidoidea. The Mymaridae are repre­ 10 days at 6°C and the rest of the development sented by two genera: at 23"C. -Ooctonus sp. captured by net in Furnas on the 141h and the 171h of July. This genus is known as a Diptera and Homoptera egg para­ Results and discussion sitoid. - Anaphes sp. captured by net in Furnas on Non oophagous parasitoid Hymenoptera. 1be the 171h of July. This genus is known as a individuals captured belong to five superfami­ Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera and Homop­ lies (Ichneumonoidea, Cynipoidea, Ceraphro­ tera egg parasitoid. noidea, Proctotrupoidea and Chalcidoidea). The Trichogrammatidae are only represen­ The Proctotrupoidea contained the Diapriidae ted by Trichogramma cordubensis Vargas & and Platygasteridae, the Chalcidoidea contai­ Cabello. A specimen was captured by net in ned Aphelinidae and Eulophidae. Furnas in July and others emerged from seve­ ral eggs: orie egg of Acherontia atropos L. Oophagous parasitoid Hymenoptera. The (Lep., Sphingidae) collected on B.campestris individuals captured belong to the superfami­ on the 211h ofJ uly in Remedios (from which 11 lies Proctotrupoidea and Chalcidoidea : females emerged), eggs of Noctuidae collec­ ted onL.esculentum, B.campestris, P.sativum (1) Proctotrupoidea. Unidentified species of and R.ulmifolius during July, August and two genera of Scalionidae were found: September in Remedios, Livramento and Rabo - Gryon sp., captured by net in Furnas on the de Peixe. 141h of july. This genus is parasite of eggs of Trichogramma captured in each of the three Lepidoptera and Heteroptera according to Med­ regions (Livramento, Remedios and Rabo de vedev (1988). Peixe) were reared on E.kuehniella eggs at - Telenomus sp. A. captured in Furnas from 23°C. Notwithstanding the thelytokous par- 13 to 19 July. 117 thenogenesis, three males were obtained Among also the elimination of several groups: chilonis, the three thennical treatments used, two (30 maltyi, achaeae. Therefore, there is only the and 11°C) produced only females, the 300 one minutum group left. Among the species of this we followed by 23°C) produced also inter­ group, only T.cordubensis has genitalia simi­ sexual individuals (with male antennae and lar to those of our individuals. females genitalia organs). The identification (3) Electrophoresis of the SOD. was based on the successive used of three This analysis was carried out to confirm our groups of characteristics: identification. Indeed, T.cordubensis presents (1) Electrophoresis of esterases. a characteristic band, corresponding to TO No polymorphism was noticed. The genes 2°·17, found in all studied specimens. Est 1°.13 , Est 2°,22, Est 4o•s1 his and Est 5°,44 permitted to conclude that our Trichogramma may belong to the following groups : evanescens, Conclusion minutum, chUonis, japonicum, maltbyi and We found out that the auxiliary entomologi­ achaeae. cal fauna of the island of Sao Miguel, includes (2) External morphology. Hymenoptera widely used in biological con­ The body is dark yellow, except the abdomen trol : Telenomus Haliday and Trichogramma. which is brown-yellow over the distal half of The palearctic T.cordubensis was, up to now, the ventral part and presents four zones over only known in Spain, Morocco and Algeria. the dorsal part (from anterior to posterior part : dark yellow, brown, very dark yellow and Besides the systematic and zoogeographic brown). aspects, our research leads to the breeding of The antenna (Fig.2a) is characterized by several strains of the autochthonous Tricho­ setae of moderate length (the lenght of the gramma which are going to be tested as possi­ longest seta/width of the the antenna <3), which ble biological control agents. We hope, then, allows us to eliminate the groups evanescens to increase the efficiency of the control obtai­ and japonicum. ned up to now with introduced laboratory The shape of the genitalia (Fig.2b) allowed strains which seem poorly adapted to the Azores. a b Figure 2 : Male antenna (a) and genitalia (b) ofT.cordubensis. 118 References Medvedev G.S. 1988. Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the U.S.S.R.. 1lI. Part Baylac M. 1986. Un montage simple des in­ two. Brill E.J., Leiden. 1341pp. sectes de petite taille dans Ie baume du Pintureau B. 1987. Systematique evolutive Canada. L'entomclogiste. 42: 311-312. du genre Trichogranuna Westwood (Hym., Gauld I. & B. Bolton 1988. The Hymenopte­ Trichogrammatidae) en Europe. These de ra. British Museum and Oxford University Doctorat d'Etat. Univ. Paris VII. 311 pp. Press. New York. 332 pp. .
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