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2016 Da Silva Sarah 1200289 Ethesis This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Institutions of Literary Colonialism George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, and the Cape Colony Da Silva, Sarah Janine Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 The Institutions of Literary Colonialism: George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, and the Cape Colony. Sarah da Silva Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy King’s College London 2016 Abstract This thesis is an investigation into the formation of white belonging in South Africa, focalised through what I call the institutions of literary colonialism – the public library, the postal service, and the colonial press. I also use George Eliot and Anthony Trollope, both of whom had personal connections to South Africa, as case studies. Their interactions with the three institutions of literary colonialism allow me to situate their works within the colonial institutional setting of which they formed a part, and also facilitate an investigation into how the exercise of white power over the indigenous African population was aided by literary and cultural institutions. However, rather than tracing a history of white settlement in the Cape, this thesis argues that white belonging was founded on a sense of unsettlement and ambivalence, which was articulated through the institutions of literary colonialism. At the heart of this project is a tension between the Cape colonists’ desire to imitate and emulate British literary practices, whilst at the same time begin to articulate a sense of ‘colonial nationalism’ though the development of white settler literary culture, institutions and forms of knowledge. I argue that this tension was the driving force behind the development of the Cape’s literary culture. Whilst the remoteness and insularity of the Cape meant that its cultural institutions were dependant on imported metropolitan cultural norms and products, its distance from the metropole also enabled the development of a distinct and unique literary culture. I explore this entanglement of desires for colonial autonomy and for sustained connections to Britain by interrogating how literary culture was ‘made’ in the Cape Colony. 2 Table of Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................3 List of illustrations .........................................................................................................4 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................7 Home, loss and literature ................................................................................................................. 7 Literary networks and intersections.............................................................................................. 14 Contexts – whiteness in South Africa .......................................................................................... 20 The historical context: a brief history of white settlement in South Africa ................. 20 The current context: whiteness studies .............................................................................. 30 Chapter outline ................................................................................................................................ 35 1. George Eliot and the South African Public Library .............................................. 38 ‘Terra incognita’: Eliot and Africa ................................................................................................ 40 Imagining Africa .................................................................................................................... 41 Colonising Africa ................................................................................................................... 52 The South African Public Library ................................................................................................. 60 The institution of moral civilisation ................................................................................... 61 The dangers of indiscriminate reading ............................................................................... 72 The Mill on the Floss (1860): reading and the formation of moral character ............................ 83 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 92 2. The Colonial Periodical Press ............................................................................... 96 A brief history of the periodical press in the Cape Colony ...................................................... 97 Masculine readership – The Cape Monthly Magazine and periodicity ...................................... 103 ‘First Impressions: Homeward Bound’ ........................................................................... 112 Colonial rhythms of periodicity ....................................................................................... 116 Ephemerality, competition and demise .......................................................................... 119 The Colony looks to the metropole – reviews of Trollope and Eliot ................................. 125 Female readers and the South African Ladies Companion .......................................................... 136 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 145 3. Anthony Trollope and the South African Postal Service ..................................... 147 The Post Office, a fish, and a box of bonnets ......................................................................... 151 ‘True’ colonies and the authority of the ‘tourist-inspector’ ................................................... 167 ‘Domesticated imperialism’? ....................................................................................................... 181 An Old Man’s Love (1884) and the dangers of white belonging in Africa ............................ 188 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 194 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 197 Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 202 3 List of illustrations Figure 1 – ‘Decolonise knowledge’. Wits. 6 October 2015. ....................................................... 197 4 Acknowledgements I am grateful to so many people and institutions for supporting my research. The research environment at King’s College, London is vibrant and supportive and has encouraged me to flex my intellectual muscle. I am thankful to King’s School of Arts and Humanities, which funded a trip to the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in Johannesburg to attend a conference, which resulted in a publication in English Studies in Africa. At that conference I made the acquaintance of Isabel Hofmeyr, who has been instrumental in establishing me as an honorary researcher at the Centre for Indian Studies in Africa (CISA) at Wits, complete with my own office! My colleagues at Wits and CISA, particularly Dilip Menon and Sharad Chari, have been fantastically enthusiastic and thoughtful reviewers of my work, and I am grateful for their input. It has been my good fortune to have two wonderful supervisors, Ian Henderson and Jo McDonagh. Ian helped me to kick start this project, encouraging me to think creatively, and to be self-reflexive without becoming crippled with doubt. His feedback has always been rigorous and honest, kind and generous. More recently, Jo has taken over the responsibility of supervising me, and she has been astonishingly generous with her time. Our marathon Skype sessions have been so helpful, and also a lot of fun. Jo’s insightful and incisive
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