Existing Status Report: Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The objective of the Punjab Municipal Services Improvement Project (PMSIP) is to improve the financial and institutional capacity of local governments to deliver urban infrastructure services by capacity building and performance-based matching grants for infrastructure improvement. It aims to provide investment grants and capacity building for qualified Tehsil Municipal Administrations (TMAs). These grants will be of two types: i) Development Grants ii) Capacity Building Grants

Capacity building grants will improve the urban planning, financial management and investment planning for service delivery. It is envisaged that the capacity grants will offer both technical assistance and also the resources to implement the components of technical assistance.

According to the procedures set out for PMSIP, the TMAs will apply for grants to PMDFC. TMAs eligibility will be based on baseline assessment carried out by PMDFC. The application for the capacity grant will be based on a detailed assessment of the TMA’s existing capacity on planning, budgeting and financial management. The process for the Capacity Building Grants will be specific to each TMA, which can apply for both capacity and development grants in each year, subject to satisfactory appraisal by PMDFC and based on meeting the performance target for any previous grant. It is proposed that PMDFC will set a minimum size of grants, in order to ensure that investments made under the project are meaningful in building capacity, not just an additional source of funding. The preparation of a plan is the basic requirement of PMSIP. The development projects will be identified as a result of the plan, which will be subsequently prioritized for funding. The specific requirements of PMSIP funding are as follows:

i) The PMSIP development grants will fund municipal services. These are largely confined to the urban areas or CO units. The plan that is developed will be restricted to the UCs falling in CO Units ii) PMSIP requires the TMAs to prioritize projects and capacity building programs based on improved service delivery. The plan will develop a general list of required development and capacity projects and

1 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

specifically identify those projects and programs that are eligible for PMSIP funding. iii) Because of existing capacity constraints the focus of planning component in the first year initially will be on planning the existing system, including coverage, operations and finance and management, rather than on the future.

1.2 Historical Growth of CHINIOT

Chiniot is an old town with history dating back to considerable antiquity. Alexander the Great encamped in the surrounding of the town in the year 325 BC. Chankia a renowned scholar and great politician, who was an Advisor to Chandar Gupt Mooriah during 305 to 298 BC has named Chiniot as his native town in his famous book ‘Earth Shaster’. Being strategically located at the gorge of the river, it has always been very attractive for the rulers from administration and defence point of view. The foundation of the present town is attributed to Rani Channi who was sister of Macchi Khan, the ruler of Khushab. It reflects all the characteristics of an old city as it is located on a raised site, had narrow winding streets, walled and protected residential districts, narrow oriental bazaars etc. Chiniot is celebrated for its masonry and wood carving since very old days.

Chiniot is situated on North West of Chenab River. It is located at distance of 86 Km from Jhang and is connected by 60 ft wide metteled road. The town of Chiniot is also connected with major cities namely , and by metteled road. Lahore is 140 Km, Faisalabad is 30 Km while Sargodha is 58 Km away. Physical growth of the town can be divided into three phases. i) Old Town

Fort Raikhti, fortification wall, a market and many other important buildings were constructed by Nawab Wazir Ali Khan during his Governorship of the area. All of these structures have disappeared, except for a few signs of the Fort, the wall and the market near Shahi Mosque. This part of town including Bazar Kalan, Muslim Bazar and the residential localities like Mohallah Garha, Mohallah Lahori Gate, Mohallah Rikhti, Mohallah Aali, Mohallah Kamangran etc. had grown by the end of Moghal Empire. ii) Down Town Area

The city witnessed no considerable growth till the English took over Punjab in 1849. It regained some significance and some building activities restarted when it was made Tehsil Headquarter during the same period. The buildings like railway Station, Government Offices i.e Police Station, Courts, Municipal Committee Office etc; and residential localities like Abadi Eisawala, Mohallah Chah Jogian, Thati Sharqi and Thathi Gharbi were constructed during the English Period. The most

2 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT outstanding residential building of this area is Mahal of Rai Ummer Hayat, which still exists in this part of the town. iii) Peripheral Town

After partition, the Hindu families shifted to India and rich Muslim Khoja families established their business in other cities like Faisalabad, Karachi, and Lahore. As a result the growth of the town was allowed down considerably. Apart from this, permanent danger of flooding also discouraged the building activities in the town. For the last two decades, flood control measures and establishment of a few of industrial units have accelerated the pace of development in the city and its population is increasing at a fast rate. The part of the town developed after partition includes the residential localities like Mustafaabad, Abadi Muhammadpura, Mohallah Karamanabad, Muskeenpura and Satellite Town. Shamas Textile Mills and a few other industrial units and workshops have also been constructed during this period.

1.3 Establishment of Working Group and Steering Committee as arrangement for Plan Preparation

The arrangements for plan preparation are made by establishing a Working Group to facilitate the process of plan preparation. The Nazim constitutes a planning steering committee consisting of the TMO, and all the TO’s to act as an advisory group in the preparation of the plan. Whereas, the Working Group will actually get involved and collaborate with consultants for completion of various tasks for this purpose. The Working Group is proposed to consist of the officials seconded by the Planning Section and Infrastructure & Services Section of TMA. The hierarchy of institutional arrangements for the Plan Preparation is as follows:

i) Tehsil Nazim ii) Planning Steering Committee iii) Working Group

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Chapter-2

Status of Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA) CHINIOT

2.1 Introduction to TMA

TMA Chiniot is one of the three TMAs of District Jhang. Chiniot is the main town of the TMA. The Tehsil is predominantly rural with only 8 urban union councils and 32 rural union councils. According to 1998 Population and Housing Census, total population was 965,124 including 172,522 urban population.

This section describes TMA regarding its resources, capacity in terms of human resource, office equipment etc. The approach to manage municipal and financial matters is also revealed. The performance regarding preparation of Annual Development Plan, registration of CCBs, Complaint Redressal etc. is easy to gauge from the following Fig.1 TMA Office Chiniot illustration. There are four main CO units in Chiniot, which are as follows i) Chiniot ii) Chenab Nagar iii) L alian iv)

The following description mainly pertains to the current existing report for Chiniot City.

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2.2 Institutional Framework of TMA Chiniot

The key components of institutional framework under the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 are as follows:

i. Tehsil Nazim

The Tehsil Nazim is a key person who administers the overall Tehsil. He is directly concerned with any type of development occurring in the jurisdiction of Tehsil. Additionally, he approves the budget for development activities which are identified and selected by Naib Nazim who is the coordination officer between the four Tehsil Officers i.e. Tehsil Officer (Finance), Tehsil Officer (Infrastructure & Services), Tehsil Officer (Regulations) and importantly Tehsil Officer (Planning & Coordination). As a whole he is responsible for all actions taken on behalf of TMA.

ii. Tehsil Municipal officer (TMO)

Tehsil Municipal Officer (TMO) is the coordination officer between the four Tehsil Officers like TO Finance, TO infrastructure, TO Regulation and TO Planning & Coordination. Presently, there are three town officers working under Town Municipal Officer. There is no TO Planning in TMA Chiniot. TO infrastructure and services is performing the functions of Tehsil Officer Planning as an additional charge. The building plan approval is granted by TO infrastructure. Other functions of TO planning are not being carried out in TMA Chiniot. There is only one sub engineer and one building inspector in the planning department. Existing institutional set up and the responsibilities of the officials have been elaborated in the following organogram.

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Figure 2: Institutional Framework of TMA Chiniot

Tehsil Nazim

Tehsil Naib Nazim Private Secretary

CO (Head Quarter) Council Officer TMO

Office Superintendent Council Clerk

TO (Planning & TO (Infrastructure & Coordination) TO (Regulation) TO (Finance) Services)

 Land use Control  Issuances of  Budget  Water Supply  Building & Dev. licenses  Finance  Sewerage & Control  Detection of illegal Drainage  Accounts  Urban & Rural business &  Taxation  Sanitation Dev. Planning Vending  Roads Tehsil  Coordination with  Management of Administration Tehsil & Union advertisement,  Street Lights Councils Land & Property  Fire Brigade  Transport  Parks Services Terminal,  Traffic  Encroachment Engineering  Katchi Abadi

Source: TMA Chiniot

The above figure explains the overall institutional framework whereas the following figure is showing the human resources and capacity of the Tehsil Municipal Officer as well as of four Tehsil Officers.

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Figure: 3 Human Resources

TMO

TO (Planning & TO (Infrastructure & Coordination) TO (Regulation) TO (Finance) Services)

 Sub. Engineer  License Inspector  Taxation Officer  2 Assistant Tehsil  Drafts men  Patwari  Tax Officer (I&S) superintendent  Sub Engineers  Building inspector  Assistant Legal  Naib Qasid  Land Officer  Tax Clerks  Drafts Man  Patwari  Accountants  Fire Officer  Clerks  Assistant Accountant  Accounts Clerks

Source: TMA Chiniot

2.1.1 Planning Department

The main functions of the planning department are as follows

i) Monitoring & Supervision Development Plans Implementation

All the projects prioritized by the members of Tehsil council are checked in accordance with ADP and TO (P&C) organizes these projects keeping in view the utilization of minimum resources and maximizing the benefits.

ii) Projects of Citizen Community Boards

The TO (P&C) guides the local people in affairs related with the registration and filing of CCBs and cooperates with the members of CCBs by collaborating with other factors.

iii) Preparation of Building Bye Laws

The planning and development control section was generally ignored before the establishment of TMAs under the devolution plan. However, according to new system and with the help of TO (P&C) all problems and issues related with building and development control and estate management can be overcome in an efficient way.

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iv) Preparation of Urban Housing Schemes

With the help of TO (P&C), the plans have been prepared for all the urban housing schemes so that the facilities like water supply, sewerage, sui gas and telephone etc. may be provided properly base on adequate design criteria and planning standards.

v) Preparation Of Rural Housing Schemes

The preparation of plans for the rural housing schemes is also the responsibility of TO (P&C).

vi) Zoning

For the purpose of comprehensive planning, the TMA through TO (P&C) is continuously striving for bringing an order in the land use structure of the city. This requires the exercise of zoning to be carried out in order to identify and earmark various land use zones and allow only the compatible and conducive activities in each zone.

Building & Development Control

Without comprehensive building and Development Control no function can be performed well even in the presence of adequate staff and resources. In TMA Chiniot especially in Planning Department building and development control is being exercised in an efficient way. The following table shows the name, number of posts sanctioned, filled, and vacant in the planning department. However, the building and development control has been exercised in the presence of the available staff.

Table No.1: Detail of Staff in Planning Department

Name of posts Posts sanctioned Posts filled Vacant posts TO (Planning & 1 1 0 Coordination) Building inspector 1 1 0 Sub-Engineer 1 0 0 Building clerk 1 1 0 Naib Qasid 1 1 0 Draftsman 1 0 1 Patwari 1 0 0 Source: TMA Chiniot

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The following table shows the status of plan preparation in presence of available staff as represents in the above table.

Table No.2: Status of Plan Preparation in TMA Chiniot

Qualified TO Planning No Spatial Plan No Land use map No Zoning map No Base map rudimentary Development Planning No Annual Development Program (ADP) and Yes Budget ADP Prepared with UC and TMO input Yes ADP Prepared with regard to data base No Presence of data base or data collection No Long term Dev. Program and Budget No Source: Consultants Field Work

For the purpose of effective municipal management, TMA regularly reviews and updates the following bye laws

a. Bye Laws to hold meetings b. Building Bye Laws c. Slaughter house Bye Laws d. Non Transferable Property Bye laws e. Bus Stand/Parking Fee Bye Laws f. Cattle Mandi Bye Laws g. Dangerous Materials Bye Laws h. Parks & Open Spaces Bye Laws i. Grave Yard Bye Laws j. Water Supply Bye Laws k. Encroachment Bye Laws

Other main functions of the planning department are as follows:

 Complaint Redressal System

Complaint cell is functioning in Tehsil Office where a register is maintained to keep recode and track of all the complaints. But the record is not computerized, with any response time fixed and complaint data and tracking system in place.

Procedure:

In Complaint Redressal system the citizens complain to the Town Nazim in from of an application. This application registers in the complaint register.

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Then the town Nazim considers that application from every respect and thinks over its solution. If the complaint is about the minor problem then the Nazim immediately orders for its measurement, but if the application is unmanageable or the required funds may not available for its solution then the Nazim takes an appropriate decision about its pending solution. Finally the complaint solution registers in the complaint register.

 Community Driven Development

Every local government is bound to earmark 25% of its development funds for allocation to CCBs under the development governance. In TMA Chiniot after the introduction of new local government system, much attention is given to the community driven development through CCBs. The total registered number of CCBs is approximately 100 including the 31 CCBs registered in the year 2004-2005. Through CCBs, 78 sub projects were initiated with a total cost of Rs. 22.36 million inclusive of CCBs share of Rs. 4.5 million. TMA Chiniot has implemented the maximum number of projects all over the Punjab. The following table illustrates the year wise progress report of CCBs in TMA Chiniot, whereas the details have been attached in the Annexure-3

Table No. 3: Detail of CCB and Their Projects

Project Project Funds Utilized Project Project Project under on Year Submitted Approved Completed Process Going CCB Share TMA Share

2002- 03 & 2003- 78 - 78 70 8 4495304/- 170122814/- 04

2004- 05 64 - 64 44 20 3759013/- 13930633/- 59 schemes amounting to Rs. 175.00 Lacks were approved 2005- by TMA Chiniot in its Budget 06 167 - 59 - - but are held up due to cancellation of budget for the year 2005-06 by the Govt. Source: TMA Chiniot

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 Monitoring

Monitoring Committees have been established for various functions performed by TMA in order to keep check and balance in case of each of the functions. Those monitoring committees working in TMA Chiniot are as follows:

1. Tehsil Accounts Committee 2. Tehsil Finance Committee 3. Tehsil Planning Committee 4. Tehsil Infrastructure & Services Committee 5. Tehsil Regulation Committee 6. Tehsil Justice Committee 7. Tehsil Sports Committee 8. Tehsil Women Development Committee

 Building Plan Approval Process

The following steps are being considered in the planning department while approving a building plan. This procedure can be completed in 1 day if all the requirements regarding the plan preparation are completely fulfilled, and this procedure may be prolong as long as the requirements are not fulfilled. It may take 6 months or more.

Step-1: Submission of Application

First of all, the applicant applies for the approval of his building plan. For this purpose he gives an application with all the required building plans according to the bye-laws of the concerned authority.

Step-2: Inspection by Building Inspector

After submission of application the TO (Planning & Coordination) orders the building inspector to inspect the site and check either the plans are according to the bye-laws or not.

Step-3: Submission of Fee

After inspection of site, the building inspector reports to the TO (Planning & Coordination) about the real situation of the site. If the site will be according to the bye laws, then the TO (Planning & Coordination) issues a notice to the applicant for submission of the building Plan Approval Fee. Then the applicant submits the fees and the concerned Authority approves his plan within the specified time period.

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Problems Regarding the Plan Approval Process i. The officials of TMA Chiniot are facing the major problems during the plan approval process because of unavailability of sub-engineer. In the absence of sub engineer the task of designing and engineering becomes very difficult and unmanageable by the other officials. ii. People hesitate while submission of commercialization fee because the areas have not been declared as commercialized areas.

2.1.2 Infrastructure & Services Department

TMA Chiniot intends to improve its undeveloped areas through its development budget and department of infrastructure & services has been very active in this regards. The development programme of TMA is organized with the consultation of Union Administration and District Government. Whereas, the Tehsil Council which is comprised of all the Naib Nazims of Union Administration identifies new development schemes in the city. The feasibility reports of these schemes are prepared by sub engineers of planning department. Department of infrastructure & services prepares the cost estimates and the detailed plans. After approval from Tehsil Council, registered contractors of TMA execute these projects.

2.1.3 Finance Department

The Tehsil Officer (Finance) deals with the taxes, tariffs and financial management. A total of 8 officials are handling these responsibilities in a comprehensive way. Additionally, the TO (Finance) deals with the major responsibility of formulating the budget every year. It has been revealed from the data obtained from TMA that the information regarding the resources and expenditures has been managed in an efficient way.

2.1.4 Regulation Department

The main responsibilities of TO (Regulation) are to remove the encroachments from the city which create numerous problems for the pedestrians as well as for free flow of traffic. It was considered while investigating the transferable and nontransferable properties of TMA that the non transferable property worth millions of Rupees has been ignored in the previous years due to the encroachment problem. The following table shows all the cases held in favor or against the TMA.

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Table No.4: History of Cases Sr. No Cases status Number 1 Total cases 236 2 Running cases 95 3 Decided cases 141 4 Cases won 137 5 Cases lost 4 Source: TMA Chiniot

The following chart presents the number and nature of cases in graphical form.

Figure: 4 History Of Cases

4 95 Running cases 137 Decided cases Cases won 141 Cases lost

2.2 Office Automation

TMA has 4 P-4 PC’s, 2 printers and 3 photo copiers but it requires scanners and some additional PCs for officers and setting up the newly introduced GIS. Some staff members are enhancing their skills by taking computer courses. There is no database of municipal services, automating financial services, complaint tracking and human resource management system. However the data base for dangerous buildings has been developed.

 Fire Brigade

TMA has to maintain some fire brigade facilities so that protective measures may be adopted in case of emergencies. The following table is showing the

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existing conditions of the fire brigade in TMA Chiniot. The post of fire officer is lying vacant; however a fire man is performing the duties the functions. There are 4 drivers and 6 firemen are working for this purpose. There is an emergent need to enhance the strength of the firemen ate the only fire brigade in Chiniot.

Table No. 5: Fire Brigade Administrations TMA

Sr.No Posts Quantity condition The post of fire officer is vacant since 11-08-01, 1 Fire officer 1 however a qualified fireman is doing this job 2 Driver 4 3 Fire man 6 Source: TMA Chiniot

 Fire brigade Equipment

The following table is showing the equipment and automation in fire brigade administration. Currently the staff is trying to fulfill its requirements with the help of the following equipment but there is a strong need for availability of modern technology in fire fighting.

Table No.6: Equipment in Fire Brigade Administration

Model/capacity Fire fighting equipment No of vehicles Condition Condition of water Equipment Quantity Not in 1968 & 4500 Head ford working Hose type 200 liters condition CO fire extinguishers 8

BCF 8 extinguishers All Dry chemical 4 equipment extinguishers in In Pre mixed 2002 & 4500 Working Hino working form 2 Liters Condition condition extinguishers Chemical form 40Kg extinguishers Helmet Long boots Extension

leads Source: TMA Chiniot

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2.3 Financial Management

Law requires that no local government can pass a deficit budget. The intention is to provide built-in mechanism for fiscal efficiency. This constraint forces a local government to either raise revenue or to economize in expenditure or to do both. In general a local government has to remain within its fiscal limits. Position in respect of TMA Chiniot is that in the previous years i.e. from 2001 to 2005 the financial position has been in surplus and not in deficit condition.

Above position indicates that TMA is following the law that also reflects a certain level of fiscal efficiency prevailing in the financial management of TMA.

TMA staff is conversant with the budget formulation process but relies predominantly on the historical data for future projections. Reportedly the staff faces no problems in the execution of budget. Monitoring committees are in place and audit is conducted. More authenticity and transparency is added with the introduction of printed budget copies during the current financial year. Following table shows the budget details for the year 2005-06. The trend reflects that TMA is unable to contain its non-development budget, which means availability of insufficient funds for the development of Tehsil

Table No.7: Financial Budgets for the Year 2005-06

Original Expected Budget Sr.No Detail 2004-05 2005-06 (Million) 1 Initial Remaining 73.181 49.476 2 Expected income 152.692 161.292 3 Total 225.873 210.768 4 Salary 32.102 38.887 Total exp. including necessary 5 23.329 30.680 expenditures 6 ADP 74.140 77.066 7 Responsibilities for ADP 2004-05 28.996 17.332 Responsibilities for TMA filtration plant 8 - 0.716 World Bank, USAID, PRSP 2004-05 9 Responsibilities for NA-87 ADP 2004-05 - 1.914 10 Responsibilities for DDP 2004-05 - 16.428 11 CCB Dev. Fund 17.830 15.000 12 Responsibilities for CCB 2004-05 - 2.195 13 Total expected expenditures 176.397 200.218 14 Final Remaining 49.476 10.550

Source: TMA Chiniot

There is a continuous trend of increase in own source revenue (OSR) but at decreasing rate, which is a healthy sign. The three methods for the increase in OSR; increase in rate, increase in base and introduction of new taxes have been employed with limited scope. The trend of OSR is captured in the following table 8

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Table No.8: Own Source Revenue Trend in TMA Chiniot

2001- 2002- %age 2003- %age 2004- %age 2002 2003 Change 2004 Change 2005 Change OSR 37.46 51.74 38.00% 60.83 18.00% 70.56 16.00% Source: Relevant Budget Books

It is evident that TMA Chiniot is pursuing a balanced budget and is striving to increase its OSR till recent years which has placed it on a stable financial position. Some innovative and rigorous efforts need to be made for the increase in OSR for future sustainability. Year wise Annual Development Plans have been prepared with the coordination of all concerned officials. The table 9 shows the details.

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Table No.9: Annual Development Plan of TMA Chiniot

Sector wise Year Allocation (Lac) Total Schemes Allocation (Lac) Schemes

Waster supply 5.50 Sewerage 4.00 Soling Drainage 106.043 Roads 1.36 2001-02 237.18 101 Street Lights 3.84 Miscellaneous 5.72 General schemes 10.755 KPP 100.00 Waster supply 4.90 Sewerage 39.35 Soling Drainage 414.3788 2002-03 562.8537 288 Roads 10.08 Street Lights 6.23 Miscellaneous 87.9149 Waster supply 2.50 Sewerage 11.23 Soling Drainage 505.23 2003-04 644.95 396 Roads 16.27 Street Lights 6.76 Miscellaneous 102.96 Waster supply 27.35 Sewerage 60.00 Soling Drainage 414.85 2004-05 700.23 416 Roads 11.85 Street Lights 7.00 Miscellaneous 155 Source: TMA Chiniot

17 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT Chapter-3 URBAN PLANNING

Status of Urban Planning In TMA Chiniot

This section covers the details regarding population and demography and land use structure of Chiniot city. The population growth trend and its spatial distribution in the city are revealed to figure out the overall requirement for various infrastructural facilities and urban services. This collected data is supported by maps and substantiated by photographs.

3.1 Population and Demography

The following table shows the growth trends of population of the town in various decades. This data is referenced in the Outline Development Plan of Chiniot and actually derived from the census reports of respective years.

Table No. 10: Population Growth Trend in TMA Chiniot

Year Population Average yearly percentage increase 1941 34,437 - 1951 39,070 1.34 1961 47,099 2.05 1972 70,108 4.44 1981 105,883 5.66 Source: Outline Development Plan of Chiniot

The population of the town has been growing steadily during the period from 1951 to 1971 mainly due to the lack of any significant industrial activity. The growth rate later on increased due to comparatively faster rate of growth in industrial and commercial activities. The municipal limits were extended in 1974 contributing in the further increase in population.

3.1.1 Age-Sex distribution

According to 1998 Population and Housing Census total population is 965,124 including 172,522 Urban Population. Out of this urban population, male population is 90474 and out number the female population which is 82084. Sex ratio in Chiniot MC is 110.2. According to 1981 censes the population of Chiniot MC was 105559. Hence the average annual growth rate (1981-1998) in Chiniot MC is 2.93.

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3.1.2 Spatial Distribution of Population

This refers to the extent of population distributed spatially in . The area of each union council is inquired from the TMA Chiniot. The population of all union councils of Chiniot in 1998 is worked out and estimated for the year 2005. Total area of Chiniot Tehsil is 2643 sq. km. The population density in each UC is, worked out and illustrated in table 10

Table No.11: Spatial Distribution of Population in TMA Chiniot

Population Estimated Pop. Density by Pop. Density Name of Area (1998 Population 1998 by 2005 Union Council (Acres) Census) (2005) pop. of 1998 / pop. of 2005 / area in acres area in acres Ahmedpura 330.05 22260 25625.72 67.44 77.641933 Rehmanabad 420.168 22820 26270.4 54.31 62.523562 Satelitte Town 459.2 22840 26293.41 49.74 57.2591681 Mohallah Garh 118.818 13806 15893.48 116.19 133.763235 Rajewala 272.1908 23147 26646.84 85.04 97.8976512 Mohallah Dirkhana 175.931 20502 23601.91 116.53 134.154356 Mohallah Aali 210.2562 21556 24815.28 102.52 118.024011 Mohallah Moazem shah 185.689 18979 21848.63 102.21 117.662489 Total 2172.303 165910 190995.67 76.38 87.9231258 Source: Population Census of 1998

In order to reflect the variation in population density, Chiniot city is divided in three zones i.e.

i. High Density Zone

High density zone is mainly located in the center of the city where the plot sizes are small, street are narrow and vacant spaces are almost non-existent which directly contribute to increase number of persons in smaller areas. Both residential and commercial land uses are predominantly found in this zone where the buildings are also old and relatively high.

ii. Medium Density Zone

This zone surrounds the inner city area and is comprised of relatively recent development where the plot sizes are relatively larger, street are wider and some vacant areas are also found within the built-up fabric of the city.

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iii. Low Density Zone

The newly developed areas located on the outskirts of the city towards Lahore Road, Road, Jhang Road, and to a limited extent towards the river Chenab along Sargodha Road are mainly characterized by large plots, wide roads and significantly large tracts of undeveloped vacant land in between the built-up area. This mainly comprises the new housing colonies and towns.

Map-1 illustrates the density zones and it is clear that in Chiniot city, medium density zone is dominant over other two zones.

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21 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

3.2 Land use Characteristics

All information regarding land use has been obtained through the land use survey carried out by the consultants. The land use characteristics were recorded in the field by professional surveyors on a GIS based parcel map. Each parcel was allotted a unique identification number (id) that represented the land use category of the parcel. Places having any historical or functional importance were named as city land marks and noted prominently on the parcel map.

The land use data was entered into computer using the Excel Software as a result a spread sheet was created showing the land use category for each land parcel. (See Annex-I). The boundaries of 8 urban union councils (UC) have been marked on the parcel map. Additionally, the map of UC boundary also shows the Mohallas in each UC on the parcel map. As a result, a land use map was prepared depicting spatial locations of dominant land uses Fig.5 Important Land Mark of Chiniot City (See Map-2). Another Map-3 shows UC boundaries, Mohalla boundaries and city land marks.

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23 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

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In Chiniot, commercial activities are frequently located along the major and secondary roads. Most of the offices and institutions are sited around Tehsil chowk. It includes TMA office, courts, Tehsil hospital and Degree College etc. Two prominent hills are present in the city and named as city land mark. Old residential settlements are found around these two hills. A couple of private hospitals serve these residential areas. Government primary and high school are evenly distributed among all mohallas. Fig.6 Bus Terminal in Chiniot

The railway line bisects the Chiniot city in two parts. On the eastern side of the railway track, there are relatively new and less developed neighborhoods. Only two high schools are situated in this area. Railway station is located adjacent to this, a few kilometers away from Sargodha road. The remaining Chiniot is located on the western side of the railway line.

Chiniot has separate location for bus stand, truck stand and taxi stand. These all are located near the railway station along the same road. Chiniot is very Fig.7 THQ Hospital in Chiniot famous for its furniture industry. Most of the furniture showrooms are located along Shahra-e-Quaid-e- Azam whereas most of the furniture factories are found on the western edge of the city.

TMA has provided a site for cattle mandi and slaughter house. THQ Hospital is located near Tehsil Chowk along Sargodha road. The infrastructure of the hospital is in satisfactory condition. Many clinics and private hospitals are existing in the same area. Mohalla prevailing in urban union councils of Fig.8 Cattle Mandi Chiniot are:

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Table No.12: Mohalla Names in Urban Union Councils of Chiniot

Mohalla Touheed Abad Mohalla Ahmed Pura Mohalla Siddiq Abad Mohalla Farooq Abad Union Council Ahmed Pura Mohalla Hahi Shekoor Abad

Khewaja Colony Tariq Colony Mohalla Abbasi Pura Qasim Town Mohalla Qazian Nyee abadi Tibba Lohaaran Mohalla Charhoian Mohalla Dhallan Union Council Mohalla Aali Mohalla Rajan Maskeen Pura Mohalla Halli Mohalla Gerian Mohalla Kotli Mohalla Ansarian Mohalla Qasaban Usmanabad Chah Mohalla Lahori Gate Mohalla Arainan Union Council Mohalla Garah Mohalla Fateh Abad

Mohalla Rashidia Mohalla Garha Mohalla Haraman Hameed abad Mohalla Moazzam shah Union Council Mohalla Nazim Shah Mohalla Rajan

Rasheed abad Mohalla usman Abad Mohalla Ansarian Union Council Mohalla Dirkhana Meeran Shah Mohalla Shah Herbaan Mohalla shah Sukha Mohalla Shah Taalian Wala Mohalla Noor Wala Union Council Raaj wali Tabba Kangran Mustafa abad Mohalla Jharkan Railway Colony Union Council Rehman Abad Mohalla Qadir abad

Iqbal abad Rehman abad Sattelite town No.1 Gulistan Colony Union council Satellite Town Shamas Mill colony Mohaal Hayat Pur Source: TMA Chiniot

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Land use classification in Chiniot city can be summarized with the help of the following table whereas the detail has been attached in the Annexure-I

Table No.13: Summary of Non-residential Land Use

Number Land use of land parcels Mosque 74 Institution 81 Education 49 Grave Yard 12 Institution & residential 54 Commercial 34 Hospitals 42 Commercial Plus 519 Residential Over Head Reservoir 3 Whole Sale Market 103 Vacant 10 Traffic Terminals 2 Public Buildings 5 Health & Education 1 Source: field survey, December 2005

The following pie chart presents the data in graphical form.

Figure 9: Detail of Non-residential Land use

Mosque

Institution

103 1025120 74 3 81 Education 49 12 54 Grave Yard 34 42 Institution & 519 residential Commercial

Hospital

Commercial Plus Residential Over Head Reservoir Market Whole Sale 27 Vacant

Traffic Terminal

Public Building

Health & Education

Residential Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Fig. 8 3.3 City Zones

TMA Chiniot has not prepared any zoning map of Chiniot therefore the landuse structure of the city does not reflect any formal zoning pattern. However, based on the existing landuse distribution of the city it can be divided into the following distinctly visible and functionally coherent landuse activity zones which can also be seen on Map-4

i. Residential Zone ii. Specialized Commercial Zone iii. Inner City Commercial Zone iv. Institutional Zone v. Furniture Factory Zone vi. Traffic Terminal Zone

i. Inner city commercial zone

Since Chiniot is an old town which has not been developed on a predefined pattern the inner city areas are mainly characterized by a mixed of commercial and residential activities in the form of commercial corridors. A number of main streets of the inner city have extensive commercial activity where shops are located at the ground floor and upper floors are occupied for residential purpose. This zone includes some of the old traditional bazaar and markets.

ii. Specialized commercial zone

Chiniot is famous for making good quality furniture and this activity has been existing since centuries as a home based and cottage industry. Chiniot is still one of the major suppliers of furniture both for domestic consumption as well as for international market. The craftsmanship has also its routes through generations. As a result some areas have concentration of wood works and furniture making as well as the showrooms and selling points. They are mainly located along the Sharh-e-Quaidazam and the linking roads and streets.

The concepts of invasion and succession in Chiniot are now emerging very rapidly and because of invasion and succession the commercial activity is increasing and residential area is decreasing with the passage of time which leads towards the relocation of local people in the outskirts of the city so, that’s why the people of Chiniot need new housing schemes in the outskirts of the city.

Moreover, because of the increased commercial activity the congestion has been increased in the city, especially on the roads and this congestion has become the cause of relocation of some commercial activity. So there is a strong need of a modern and well-established industrial estate and an EXPO center which can fulfill the needs of the people according to their desires and wishes.

28 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

29 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

iii. Institutional zone

A number of major public and private institutional facilities including the town municipal administration offices, hospitals, primary schools, degree college, rest house, taxi stand, govt. high school, central jail etc…

iv. Furniture factory zone

As said earlier, Chiniot is famous for its furniture and wood works. Many of these manufacturing units are located in close proximity to each other and scattered in one area of the city located on the western side which has been characterized as furniture factory zone and has been shown on the land sue zoning map.

v. Traffic Terminal Zone

Chiniot is located at the cross roads leading to different important regional urban centers. Faisalabad Road, Sargodha Road, Ghang Road, Lahore road and Chak jhumra Road, all converge at Chiniot from the town and cities named accordingly. Sargodha road mainly caters for the through traffic and significantly includes the buses and trucks include the heavy traffic for the transportation of goods and people. Sargodha road especially has been developed as an area where most of the terminal facilities and allied activities are located. They include the general bus stands, the general truck stand, a vast vacant land used by the private taxi cars adjacent to the hospital and a large no of heavy mechanical repairing workshops. This zone has been called as traffic terminal zone.

vi. Residential Zone

The remaining area of the city is predominantly residential and is there for called the residential zone. Local level non-residential activities like Mohalla shop, primary school and local mosque have been taken as an integral part of the zone.

The residential zone in Chiniot is characterized by a very diverse nature of residential qualities. The old part of the city is mainly characterized by a very small size plots congested housing and relatively multistory buildings. The street pattern in the old and inner city areas is irregular, the streets are narrow and winding, even the topography of the area is undulating. The buildings in this area are mainly very old, built in old designs where main entrance door and balconies were decorated with intricate wooden designs and the construction was generally carried out with small bricks of Mughal era.

The old city is encircled by the residential area, which is relatively of recent age where, the plot size is relatively large and street are relatively wider. Here one finds the buildings constructed with contemporary designs using the modern brick and

30 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT concrete materials. Although the street pattern is mainly irregular, some areas have also been built on well-defined, regular street pattern. Further away from the existing town and in the outskirts are a large number of residential areas where development has commenced recently. These areas tend to adopt modern building designs and construction materials based on preplanned layout patterns for the streets and infrastructure facilities.

Fig. 11 Commercial cum Residential Street in Chiniot Fig.10 Residential Zone

3.4 Housing Typology

Housing typology refers to type of houses present in the city. Since Chiniot is a historic city and is characterized by congested centers, with old traditional buildings located along narrow streets, where both commercial and residential land uses co- exist.

The housing typology in Chiniot is defined under following categories:

i. Old Traditional with Commercial, which consists of inner city old structures. These houses are mostly double storey with commercial activity on ground floor and residence on first floor. ii. Old Traditional with Small Plots: These houses are located in old residential localities and usually having rich architectural work on front face.

Fig.12 Row House, Attached, Fig.13 Old Traditional House Non traditional House

31 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

iii. Row Housing, Attached, Non-Traditional Housing encompasses relatively new settlements around the inner city mostly have these types of houses. iv. Large plots in new development, which includes Semi Detached and Detached Housing: This consists of newly developed neighborhoods.

See Map-5

32 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

33 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

3.5 Road Hierarchy

Two major arterials are making the main skeleton of the city. i.e. Lahore to Jhang road in east-west direction and Faisalabad to Sargodha road in north-south direction. These are mettled roads and are in fair condition. Secondary roads like Moazam Shah Road, the Mall Road, Srafa Bazaar, Dr, Abdul Aziz Road, Chak Jhumra Road, Sui Gas Road are demarking the boundary of the mohallas. These are also black top roads having pavement width 20’ to 35’ and main drainage on both sides. There are also access roads which are mostly having P.C.C surface and drainage on both side. Pavement width of the access roads is 12’ to 20’. Streets are located within the neighborhoods and old settlements. Surface of these roads are generally comprised of soling and P.C.C. with small drain lines of 10” width.

The following table is showing the hierarchy, type and condition of roads which exist in the case study area. According to this table there are 22 major roads out of which 17 are metteled and 5 are soling roads. Additionally, the condition of the major roads with respect to the metteled and soling roads can also be observed.

Table No.14: Road Type and Condition

Condition Road Type Total Good Fair Bad Metteled 5 7 1 13 Major Soling 1 4 0 5 18 Metteled 5 28 8 41 Soling 0 61 5 147 Secondary PCC 1 9 1 11 Katcha 0 28 27 55 254 Metteled 0 2 0 2 PCC 33 47 13 93 Soling 30 150 53 233 Access katcha 1 10 72 83 Katcha+Soling 0 2 3 5 PCC+Soling 0 3 4 7 423 Katcha 0 0 10 10 Metteled 0 2 0 2 Street Soling 0 1 0 1 13 Source: field survey, December 2005

The secondary roads have also been segregated in Katcha and soling roads. Out of the total 117 roads are Katcha whereas 147 roads are soling. The condition of these roads can be observed from the above table. Similarly, the access roads and

34 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT streets can also be observed easily. The details have been attached in the Annexure II, whereas for the quick review see Map-6

35 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

36 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

3.6 City Pattern and Growth Trends

Chiniot is developed in irregular pattern. This pattern of Chiniot compels it to grow in all directions. But intensity is greater on the southern side due to availability of vacant land. New schemes are also developing on this direction. In western direction, growth is limited due to presence of river Chenab. On the northern side there is a great hill and growth is only along this hill.

3.6.1 Growth and its implications

Growth of cities and towns has profound implications on the servicing in terms of infrastructure facilities and public utilities.

An integrated approach needs to be adopted for the extension of the cities and the extension of the existing infrastructure facilities. This requires continuous and compact urban development without leaving large vacant and undeveloped areas in between the existing urbanized areas. It is both uneconomical in terms of capital cost as well as cost for operation and maintenance of the services if the development is not compact and continuous. i. The existing infrastructure networks have quite often limitations for extension to cover new areas because of the existing capacity and the potentials for future extension. For example if the water supply system is designed to cater for 1000 persons, it will need a significant redesigning to accommodate additional areas and additional population. Similarly, the invert level in case of sewerage system may not allow the extension of the sewerage system in a certain direction. ii. The new extension areas keep depending on the central inner city areas for more specialized commercial administrative education and health services. Therefore the existing road network need to be extended to link the new development in an economical and efficient manner without leaving areas with poor accessibility causing long distances to cover or otherwise causing congestion on certain roads. iii. The existing growth trend in Chiniot has been determined on the basis of the areas which are suitable for development based on the above considerations and areas which are unsuitable for development based on the topographic features like river Chenab and existing hills and also development along Sargodha Road where heavy traffic and industrial activity are not conducive for residential development. iv. With the increase in congestion in the main CBD of Chiniot there is trend of new development in the outskirts of the city especially in South East and South West of Chiniot city. Some other factors are contributing in development like presence of efficient road network, presence of comfortable topographic features, and connectivity with the CBD. (See Map-7)

37 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

38 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT Chapter-4 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

Status of Infrastructure In Chiniot

The existing condition of infrastructure in Chiniot is highlighted in this section. The services like Water Supply, Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Street lighting, and Parks are elaborated both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The facts and figures presented here provide strong footings to propose projects related to physical and social infrastructure.

4.1 Water Supply

The ground water is sweet in taste and is being recharged from river Chenab, which is flowing at western end of the city. The water supply is based on ground water and tube wells which are 7 in number. The water supply network covers 60% of the town and serves 75% of the total population.

The distribution system consists of 2 overhead reservoirs of 50,000 gallon capacity each and 2 hilltop reservoirs of 100,000 gallon capacity each. The total capacity is 300,000 gallons. The distribution is made of a looped network which is made of different type of materials including A.C., P.V.C., C.I. and GI pipes. The system is old and most of the pipes are worn out and leakage of pipes results in 40% water losses. The sizes of pipe vary from 8 to 2 inch diameter. There are 5 independent supply zones out of which 2 system supply water with direct pumping and the 3 supply water through overhead or hill top reservoirs. The leakage is the main problem and due to intermittent supply and pipe leakage the water is contaminated by surface water. Map-8 provides the layout of the existing water supply system. Fig.14 Poor Structure of Water Tank

39 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

40 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Total water production per day is 1.51 million gallons. The water is supplied intermittently for 10 to 12 hours a day and required water pressure is adequate. The average per capita water supply is 30-35 gallons per day, which is sufficient to meet the minimum standard, set out by the Public Health Authorities like World Water and Sanitation Agency and World Health Organization (WHO).

There are 5602 legal water supply connections and water tariff is Rs. 50/month and Rs. 200/month for domestic and commercial uses respectively. The quality of ground water is being checked occasionally at source only, which is within the acceptable limits. Leakages in distribution system cause water losses upto 10%.

The water supply system in Chiniot has been divided into different zones which can be described as follows:

Zone-1: Lari Addah

This zone was established in 1977. There is 1 over head tank (OHT) in this zone with two motors in it. The design and actual capacities of both the motors are 1.5 Cusec. The diameter of inner pipe of motors is 12” whereas the diameter of outer pipe is 10”. Additionally there are 3 sluices in it. But the Lari Addah scheme is abandoned and not in working condition due to the lack of demand from the local people, who have made alternate arrangements for water supply.

Zone-2: Chah Joggian

The Chah Joggian Scheme was installed in 1981. The over head tank in this zone consists of only 1 motor, which has only 1 sluice. The diameter of inner pipe is 8” whereas the diameter of outer pipe is 6”. The capacity of this system is 50HP and water discharges from OHT is 0.5 Cusec. Additionally the total numbers of connections in this scheme are 100 and this Scheme has the capacity of serving 35, 000 population. But this has been abundant with the passage of time.

Zone-3: Moazam Shah

The Moazam Shah Scheme was installed in 1971. The Over Head Reservoir in this zone consists of 2 motors, with 2 sluice in OHT. The diameter of inner pipe is 6” whereas the diameter of outer pipe is 12” for both the motors. The capacity of 1 motor is 35 HP and water discharges from this motor is 0.5 Cusec. Whereas the capacity of 2nd motor is 60HP and water discharges from this motor is 1Cusec. This scheme works for 10 hrs in total and both motors supply water for 2hrs a day. The monthly electricity bill of Moazam Shah Scheme is Rs 68770. Total number of connections in this scheme is 898. Additionally the complaints for the Moazam Shah Watre supply Scheme are 10 which were all solved. This Scheme serves 40,000 population Over all condition of Over Head Reservoir is satisfactory. Following is some more information about the Moazam Shah Scheme.

41 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Diameter of tanks = 40.25ft Volume = 7179.42 gallons/hr Discharge in 1hr = 28717.69 gallons/hr Design Discharge= 22500 gallons /hr Actual Discharge = 28717.69 gallons/hr

Zone-4: Maskeen Pura

The Maskeen Pura Scheme was installed in 1977. In this zone the over head reservoir consists of 1 motor. In this OHR there is only 1sluice. The diameter of inner pipe is 6” where as the diameter of outer pipe is 12”. The capacity of motor is 25 HP and water discharges from this motor is 1.5 Cusec. This scheme works for 8 hrs in total. The water is supplied for 4 hrs a day. The monthly electricity bill of Maskeen Pura Scheme is Rs 19825. Total number of connections in this scheme is 220. Additionally the complaints for the Maskeen Pura Scheme are 6 which have been solved. This Scheme serves 20,000 population. The over all condition of Over Head Reservoir is satisfactory but the condition of distribution pipes is not satisfactory. Following is some more information about the Maskeen Pura Scheme.

Total Depth of Tank = 10ft Diameter of Tanks = 14.50 ft Volume = 4701.99 litters Design Discharge = 22500 gallons/hr Actual Discharge = 49.69.08 gallons/hr

Zone-5: Thana City Road

The Thana City Road Scheme was installed in 1977. In this zone water is supplied through 2 direct motors. The diameter of inner pipe is 6” where as the diameter of outer pipe is 12” for both the motors. The capacity of motors is 30 HP and water discharges from this motor is 1Cusec. This scheme works for 4 hrs in total. The water is supplied for 4 hrs a day. The monthly electricity bill of Thana City Road Scheme is Rs 16285. Total number of connections in this scheme is 135. Additionally the complaints for the thana City Road are 6 which have also been solved. This Scheme serves 20,000 population. The over all condition of this Scheme is not satisfactory because one motor is totally closed.

Zone-6: Satellite Town

The Satellite Town Scheme was installed in 1974. this scheme has been abundant with the passage of time due to silting and lack of use for a long period of time. Silting was caused due to flooding whereas the slow pace of development caused the lack of its use for a long time.

All the zones have been marked on Water Supply Map.

42 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

4.2 Sewerage

The existing system is mostly choked and the trunk sewer also needs rehabilitation, which is approximately 19 km long. The waste water is generally disposed off through open drains to the nearby sewer system, which are not only polluting the environment but also causing many water born diseases. The residential area is expanding continuously on all sides of the town without any proper planning, which has reduced the coverage of facility to approximately 50% (See Map-9). Fig.15 Sewer Disposal Station

43 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

44 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

The city is divided into three independent sewerage zones. Each zone has independent disposal station which discharges sewerage water into sullage, from where it is used for irrigation or is discharged into river.

Each disposal station has screen chambers. The pipe sewer network covers 70% of the town. The pipe size varies from 9 inch to 48 inch diameter. The remaining town is covered by open drains. There is no separate tariff for sewerage. The sewerage charges are included in water supply bills. There is frequent overflow of the sewerage due to dumping of solid waste into sewer. Additionally the sewerage system in Satellite Town has been totally abundant.

4.2.1 Disposal Stations

There are three main disposal stations in Chiniot. The detail of disposal stations is as follows:

i. Disposal Works Satellite Town

There are 2 motors in this disposal station, out of which 1 motor is closed and not in working condition whereas the 2nd motor is working. Condition of pipes is satisfactory. Additionally the outer side of the Sludge Carrier is 4 ft in size and the inner side is 2.5 ft.

ii. Disposal Works Mohalla Noor Wala

There are 7 motors in this disposal station, out of which 2 motors are closed and not in working condition whereas the 5 motors are working. Condition of pipes is satisfactory. Additionally the outer side of the Sludge Carrier is 4 ft in size and the inner side is 2.5 ft.

iii. Disposal Works Moazam Shah

There are 2 motors in this disposal station, out of which 1 motor is closed and not in working condition whereas the 2nd motor is working. Condition of pipes is satisfactory. Additionally the outer side of the Sludge Carrier is 4 ft in size and the inner side is 2.5 ft.

4.2.2 Man Holes

There are 27 man holes in Chiniot along the main sewer lines. The following table is showing the location of manholes with their condition and pipe sizes.

45 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Table No. 15 Man Holes with Condition & Size

Sr. No Location Current Situation Pipe Size 1 Main Galli dawat Irshad Satisfactory 16" 2 Galli Majeed Electric Works Satisfactory 16" 3 Muhalla Hussain Abad Satisfactory 16" 4 Muqeet Town Satisfactory 16" 5 Muqeet Town Satisfactory 16" 6 Gali Ahmed Ali Naiko Karah Satisfactory 16" 7 Faisal Abad Road Satisfactory 16" 8 Daftar Edhi Center -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 9 Sadar Chowk-Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 10 Taj Mahal Hotel-Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 11 Jhumra Chowk -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 12 Janaz Gah -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 13 Adnan Atos -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 14 Nazd Sabzi Mandi-Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 15 Rujou Chowk -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 16 Zahoor Medical Store -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 17 Daira Taidi Arshad -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 18 Nazd Service Station -Jhang Road Satisfactory 16" 19 Chinioti Road - Chinoti Road Satisfactory 16" 20 Plat Maher Phone Raja - Chinoti Road Satisfactory 16" 21 Nazd Factory Jawed - Chinoti Road Satisfactory 16" 22 Masjid Taqwa - Chinoti Road Satisfactory 16" 23 Alhamdullilah Pharmacy - Chinoti Road Satisfactory 16" Chowk Sadar Chungi -Muhhala Usman 24 Abad Satisfactory 16" Main Gali Usman -Muhhala Usman 25 Abad Satisfactory 16" Chowk M N Malik -Muhhala Usman 26 Abad Satisfactory 16" 27 Masjid Sardara Nazd Mouzam Shah Satisfactory 16" Source: field survey, December 2005

46 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Table No. 16 Surveyed Man Holes with Condition & Size

Sr.No Area Discription Condition Size of Pipe Man Hole size 1-A Gali Dawat Irshad Moderate 16" 36"-48" 1-B Gali Dawat Irshad Moderate 16" 36"-48" 1-C Gali Dawat Irshad Moderate 16" 36"-48" 2-A Majeed Wala Moderate 16" 36"-48" 2-B Majeed Wala Moderate 16" 36"-48" 5-A Mukett Town Moderate 16" 36"-48" 5-B Mukett Town Moderate 16" 36"-48" 5-C Mukett Town Moderate 16" 36"-48" 10-A Jhang Road Moderate 16" 36"-48" 11-A Ali Atoos Moderate 16" 36"-48" 11-B Nazd Jhumra Chowk Moderate 16" 36"-48" 12-A Nazd Darbar Moderate 16" 36"-48" 14-A Sabzi Mandi Moderate 16" 36"-48" 15-A Imtiaz Attos Moderate 16" 36"-48" 15-B Irfan Attos Moderate 16" 36"-48" Source: field survey, December 2005

4.3 Solid Waste Management

Approximate quantity of solid waste produced per day is 227.96, out of which only 63 tons is being collected and disposed off in nearby dumping site, which has not been properly designed. Landfill site is in the vicinity of a residential area, which is being filled by alternate layers of solid waste and soil, to avoid pollution. This solid waste, which is not being disposed off properly is polluting the environment in terms of diseases and contamination of underground water resources. The existing solid waste management covers 25-30% of the total .

Solid waste is collected once a day in the morning. Presently 1 sanitary worker per 1000 inhabitants is working, which is not sufficient enough. The lack of resources in terms of staff and machinery are resulting in collection and disposal of only 65% of waste generated. Neither any NGO nor any private party has shown any interest in improving this system.

After devolution, TMA authorities i.e. Tehsil Nazim, officers and staff have been trying to improve the basic facilities for increasing population of the city. Besides other problems, the problem being discussed now is that of collection and disposal of solid waste at some appropriate place in some befitting manner.

At present, people dispose off their domestic waste by themselves in streets at 99 collection points in shape of heaps. This solid waste causes air pollution and creates problems for travelers. It finds its way into the open drains and eventually causes blockage of sewer lines at many places. Inspite of trying its best, TMA could not succeed to dispose off all the solid waste out of city at some suitable points.

47 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

TMA sanitary workers collect the solid waste at one point by hand cart and make a big heap. One sanitary worker can collect solid waste from four points in the street. In this way, 25 sanitary workers remain busy to collect solid waste from small collecting points and shift it to big collection points. Afterwards, this solid waste is collected at 33 points from 99 points.

TMA has three tractor trolleys. Two tractor trolleys get solid waste three times a day and one twice in a day. One driver and four sanitary workers are deployed on one tractor trolley. One tractor trolley takes 5.5 ton solid waste one time. So these trolleys collect and shift 44 ton solid waste to the dumping place. Inspite of above routine, solid waste remains deposited at collection points because these arrangements are quiet insufficient. The following table shows the expenditures for disposing of solid waste to the dumping ground.

Table No.17: Expenditure Pole and Miscellaneous

Sr. Detail Rate Total No. 1 Fuel for tractor 38/- 54720/- Filter+ Mobile Oil for Tractor 2 1500 4500/- + Filter 3 Monthly Repair Expenditure 3350 10050/- Total 69, 270/- G.Total 2, 51, 970/- Source: TMA Chiniot

The above figures and expenditures show that inspite of spending Rs. 2, 51, 970/- per month, TMA can hardly shift 27.64%of solid waste to dumping ground leaving behind 72.36% on road sides and in streets. The service of lifting of 27.64 % solid waste is being provided by TMA with its own resources. Nothing from community side is being contributed. The existing sites for dumping were selected randomly which are mainly located along both sides of the roads on locations which are below the ground level and mostly located towards the river side.

4.3.1 Method/Procedure for Solid Waste Management

Solid waste is collected form the collection points spread throughout the city in an unplanned manner, moreover there are 8 zones according to urban union councils boundaries to help in micro management. No proper zoning production and collection presently exists. TMA continues in the production practices taken over from municipal committee. The following table is showing the solid waste management equipment for collection

48 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

Table No. 18: Solid Waste Management Equipment

Equipment Numbers Capacity Total Average Cost of Additional /day capacity lead of repair/annum requirements disposal (Rs) of equipment Total In (km) (Nos) workin g order 0.095 Wheel 140 100 capacity 5 65.80 47.00 30,000 70 barrows time 0.475 Kassi 95 80 - - - 5000 100 Panji 10 8 - - - 5000 100 Basket 50 30 - - - - 100 Source: TMA Chiniot

The following table is showing the union council wise details of Solid Waste management. Table No.19: Solid Waste Management Details

Waste Waste collected Zone Area Responsible Sr.No generated/ & Name (Sq.Km) person day disposed off/day 1 UC-33 4 Sanitary 227.96 63 2 UC-34 supervisor 3 UC-35 4 UC-36 5 UC-37 6 UC-38 7 UC-39 8 UC-40 Total 4 227.96 63 Source: TMA Chiniot

Map-10 portrays the existing solid waste management situation.

49 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

50 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

4.3.2 Major Problems

The major problems are as follows:

i. There are cleaning problems with respect to every day service delivery. ii. Shortage of manpower due to increase in service area as compared to available work force allowed by government. iii. Shortage of equipment due to lack of funds as no service fee is being charge for the service at present. iv. Mismanagement due to lack of training and service delivery plan. v. Political interventions due to local rivals lead to delay in service interruption.

4.4 Street Roads and Road Drainage

Total length of brick soling and black topped roads in the city is 29 km. Mostly, the road network is in satisfactory condition but there is no proper road drainage system. A few important roads are required to be improved for achieving required service level.

Fig.16 PoorRoad without Drainage Facility Fig.17 Awful Road Condition in Chiniot

Fig.3 Bus Terminal in Chiniot The residential area is expanding constantlyFig.4 on Important all sides Land Mark of town of Chiniot without City any proper planning, where the road network is not in goodFig.5 condition Cattle Mandi and also without proper drainage facility. Fig.6 Residential Zone Fig. 7 Commercial cum Residential Street in Chiniot 4.5 Street lighting Fig.8 Old House Fig.9 Old Traditional House Fig.10 Poor Structure of Water Tank The following table is showing the situation of streetFig.11 lights Sewer in Disposal different Station UCs of TMA Chiniot, however according to the acquiredFig.12 information, PoorRoad without the Drainage UC 34 Facility is the largest UC in TMA Chiniot and the situation of streetFig. lights 13 Awful can Road beCondition observed in Chiniot form the Fig. 13 Awful Road Condition in Chiniot following table. The highest number of street lights exist in UC 34, whereas the smallest UC is 36, but according to the data collected, the no of street lights are enough. UC 35 has the smallest number of street light. Similarly, the results also

51

Existing Status Report: CHINIOT vary for mercury lights and the bulbs. Moreover, around 50% of the roads/streets are provided with the street lights.

Table No.20: Status of street light in TMA

Sr.No Name No of No of No of o f UC Tube Mercury Bulbs Lights Lights 1 UC-34 239 83 70 2 UC-35 30 11 137 3 UC-36 167 19 295 4 UC-37 73 5 180 5 UC-38 155 12 356 6 UC-39 265 25 565 7 UC-40 188 32 190 Source: TMA Chiniot

The following figure also shows the same situation in graphical form.

Figure: 18 Status of Street Lights in TMA

600

50 0 No of Tube Lights

400 No of Mercury 300 Lights 200 No of Bulbs 10 0

0 UC- UC- UC- UC- UC- UC- UC- 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

52 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

TMA Chiniot has given a lot of attention towards the street light in urban areas. Street lights have been provided in CO units of Chiniot, their detail is as follows:

Table No.21: Street Lighting in CO Units of Chiniot

No of No of No of No of Double No of Sr.No Place Tube Sodium Mercury Total Tube Bulbs Lights Lights Bulb Lights CO Unit 1 993 23 1304 109 65 2494 Chiniot CO Unit 2 Chenab 73 - 369 - 74 516 Nagar CO Unit 3 - - 350 - - 350 CO Unit 4 192 - - - - 192 Bhawana Total 1250 23 2023 109 139 3552 Source: TMA Chiniot

The situation of street lighting in Chiniot can be analyzed with the help of the Map- 11

53 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

54 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

4.6 Parks

There are two developed small parks in the town. Condition of both the parks is satisfactory and being managed well. The area of one park is 1.5 Acres whereas the area of the second park is 2.5 Acres. In both the parks there are facilities of benches, jogging track, rides of different types and public toilets. For the purpose of maintenance there is 1 gardener and 1 guard in both the parks who look after and maintain the parks in an efficient way. Additionally, there is no specific budget for proper maintenance of the parks and TMA maintains those parks with the help of the contingency head at the time of need. Although the TMA has some proposals for the development of parks/ playgrounds but their financial resources are not allowing them to proceed.

306000 307000 308000 309000 310000 311000 312000

Fig. 19: Children Park 3514000 3514000 The location of park along the Mall Road in Chiniot can be observed from the following figure.

Children Park along the Sharahe-Quaid-Azam

3513000 Road 3513000

3512000 3512000 Fig. 20: Location of Children Park along Mall Road in Chiniot

0.5 0 0.5 Kilometers

55 3511000 3511000 Roads Landuse Com + Res Com Edu Graveyard 3510000 3510000 Hospitals Hospital + Edu Institution Instt. + Res Mosque

Wholesale Market 3509000 3509000 OHR Park Traffic Terminal Vacant Residential

306000 307000 308000 309000 310000 311000 312000 306000 307000 308000 309000 310000 311000 312000

3514000 3514000

3513000 3513000 Existing Status Report: CHINIOT

The following figure is showing the park along the Jhang Road

3512000 Fig. 21: Library Park 3512000

The location of park along the Jhang Road in Chiniot can be observed from the following figure.

0.5 0 0.5 Kilometers

Library Park along the Jhang Road

3511000 3511000 Roads Landuse Fig. 22: Location of Library Park along Jhang Road in Chiniot Com + Res Com Edu Graveyard 3510000 3510000 56 Hospitals Hospital + Edu Institution Instt. + Res Mosque

Wholesale Market 3509000 3509000 OHR Park Traffic Terminal Vacant Residential

306000 307000 308000 309000 310000 311000 312000