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Evangelikal – Radikal – Sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie Der Radika- Len Evangelikalen

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Evangelikal – Radikal – Sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie Der Radika- Len Evangelikalen EVANGELIKAL – RADIKAL – SOZIALKRITISCH. ZUR THEOLOGIE DER RADIKA- LEN EVANGELIKALEN. EINE KRITISCHE WÜRDIGUNG (THE THEOLOGY OF RA- DICAL EVANGELICALISM) by ROLAND HARDMEIER submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF J REIMER MAY 2006 *********** MTH structured Evangelikal – radikal – sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie der radikalen Evangelikalen ii DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Dissertation erfasst die geschichtlichen und theologischen Grundlinien des radikalen Evangelikalismus und stellt ihn in den Kontext ähnlicher und ihn beeinflussender Theologien. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass der radikale Evangelikalismus eine evangelikale Grundkonzeption mit Elementen des Anabaptismus, des Social Gospel, der Befreiungstheologie und der Theologien im Umfeld des Öku- menischen Rates der Kirchen bereichert. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die radikale Theologie genuin e- vangelikal ist, die Einseitigkeiten der westlichen evangelikalen Theologie aber zu überwinden vermag. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist den Beiträgen radikaler Nord- und Lateinamerikaner gewidmet, da diese den radikalen Evangelikalismus wesentlich geprägt haben. Ziel ist es, den radikalen Evangelikalismus darzustellen, kritisch zu würdigen und für die europäische evangelikale Szene fruchtbar zu machen. Der erste Teil nennt die Quellen, aus denen sich die radikale Theologie speist. Der zweite Teil zeichnet den geschichtlichen Werdegang des radikalen Evangelika- lismus nach. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass der radikale Evangelikalismus in den dreissig Jahren seines Bestehens zu einem bestimmenden Faktor in der weltweiten evangelikalen Bewegung geworden ist. Der dritte Teil stellt die Grundzüge der radikalen Theologie mittels ausgewählter Themen dar. Er zeigt auf, dass die Radikalen die evangelikale Bewegung mit einer transformatorischen Missionstheorie konfrontiert haben, die relevant für die drängenden Probleme der Gegenwart ist. Der vierte Teil stellt die soziale Aktion des radikalen Evangelikalismus dar und zeigt auf, dass die energische Theologie der Radikalen im Grunde genommen zur Tat drängende Spiritualität ist. Der fünfte Teil hält die Er- gebnisse der Untersuchung fest und zieht Folgerungen für die Praxis und das weitere theologische Arbeiten. TITEL DER ARBEIT: EVANGELIKAL – RADIKAL – SOZIALKRITISCH. ZUR THEOLOGIE DER RADIKALEN EVANGELIKALEN. EINE KRITISCHE WÜRDIGUNG Schlüsselbegriffe: radikaler Evangelikalismus, Anabaptismus, Social Gospel, Befreiungstheologie, Ökumenischer Rat der Kirchen, kontextuelle Theologie, Transformation, Mission, soziale Aktion, strukturelle Verände- rung, inkarnatorisch, holistisch, Ronald Sider Roland Hardmeier IGW International 3. Mai 2006 MTH structured Evangelikal – radikal – sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie der radikalen Evangelikalen iii ENGLISH ABSTRACT The present dissertation considers the historical and theological foundations of radical evangelicalism and puts it in the context of theologies which influenced it and are similar to it. It will be demonstrated that the evangelicals are enriched by radical evangelicalism – an evangelical basic concept with ele- ments of anabaptism, the social gospel, liberation theology and the ecumencial theologies. Thus it will be demonstrated that radical theology is genuinely evangelical, yet is capable of overcoming the one sidedness of western evangelical theology. Special attention is given to the contributions of radicals from North America as well as from Latin America since they are of considerable importance to radi- cal evangelicalism. The aim of the dissertation is to present radical evangelicalism, to critically evaluate it, and to make it profitable to the European evangelical scene. The first section names the sources from which radical theology flowed. The second section reviews the historical development of radical evangelicalism. It will be demonstrated that, in the thirty years of its existence, radical evangelicalism has become a significant factor within the worldwide evangelical movement. The third section presents the funda- mental characteristics of radical theology within a selection of themes. It demonstrates that the radicals have confronted the evangelical movement with a transforming theory of mission, which shows itself to be relevant for today’s pressing problems. The fourth section describes the social action of radical evangelicalism and demonstrates that the energetic theology of the radicals is in fact based on a com- pelling spirituality. The fifth section records the results of the investigation and presents conclusions for praxis and further theological study. Title of thesis: THE THEOLOGY OF RADICAL EVANGELICALISM Key terms: radical evangelicalism, anabaptism, social gosel, liberation theology, ecumenicalism, contextual theo- logy, transformation, mission, social action, structural change, incarnational, holistic, Ronald Sider Roland Hardmeier IGW International 3. Mai 2006 MTH structured Evangelikal – radikal – sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie der radikalen Evangelikalen iv INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 EINFÜHRUNG................................................................................................................2 1.1 Ziel und Aufbau der Arbeit.........................................................................................2 1.1.1 Begründung ................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.2 Gliederung ................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Hauptquellen der radikalen Theologie.........................................................................5 1.2.1 Der Anabaptismus...................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Der frühe Evangelikalismus ...................................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Die Theologie des Social Gospel .............................................................................. 8 1.2.4 Die Theologie der Befreiung ..................................................................................... 9 1.2.5 Die Theologien im Umfeld des ÖRK ......................................................................... 9 2 DER GESCHICHTLICHE UND THEOLOGISCHE WERDEGANG DES RADIKALEN EVANGELIKALISMUS ......................................................................11 2.1 Die Geburtsstunde der radikalen Evangelikalen in Lausanne 1974............................11 2.1.1 Wheaton und Berlin 1966 und die Folgen.............................................................. 11 2.1.2 Der Lausanner Kongress 1974 ............................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Der Aufbruch der radikalen Evangelikalen nach Lausanne ................................. 16 2.2 Die Konfrontation mit der Gemeindewachstumsbewegung in Pattaya 1980 ..............18 2.2.1 Die Sondererklärung der radikalen Evangelikalen ............................................... 19 2.2.2 Die Zerrissenheit der Evangelikalen nach Pattaya ............................................... 21 2.3 Der Versuch des Brückenschlags in Grand Rapids 1982 ...........................................22 2.4 Die Einführung des Transformationskonzepts in Wheaton 1983 ...............................23 2.4.1 Das Ergebnis der Teilkonsultationen ..................................................................... 24 2.4.2 Der Beitrag der radikalen Evangelikalen in Wheaton .......................................... 26 2.4.3 Das holistische Missionsverständnis...................................................................... 26 2.5 Die Durchsetzung des inkarnatorischen Missionskonzepts in Manila 1989................28 2.5.1 Die aktive Rolle der radikalen Evangelikalen ....................................................... 28 2.5.2 Der Social Concern Track....................................................................................... 30 2.5.3 Das Manila Manifest ............................................................................................... 30 2.5.4 Zwiespalt und Vielfalt ............................................................................................. 32 2.6 Die Konsolidierung der holistischen Mission zwischen Lausanne II und Pattaya II ...33 2.6.1 Die Oxford Konferenz.............................................................................................. 34 2.6.2 Die Iguassu Konsultation und die 11. Generalversammlung der WEA ................ 35 2.6.3 Das Micah Network ................................................................................................. 36 2.7 Die Umsetzung des Transformationskonzepts in Pattaya 2004..................................37 Roland Hardmeier IGW International 3. Mai 2006 MTH structured Evangelikal – radikal – sozialkritisch. Zur Theologie der radikalen Evangelikalen v 2.7.1 Die Holistic Mission Issue Group........................................................................... 38 2.7.2 Der Einfluss der radikalen Evangelikalen seit Lausanne 1974 ............................ 40 2.8 Zusammenfassung ....................................................................................................41 3 THEOLOGISCHE GRUNDLAGENKLÄRUNG DES RADIKALEN EVANGELIKALISMUS...............................................................................................42 3.1 Bibel und Hermeneutik.............................................................................................42
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