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Zur Missionstheologie Der Radikalen Evangelikalen DAS GANZE EVANGELIUM FÜR EINE HEILSBEDÜRFTIGE WELT: ZUR MISSIONSTHEOLOGIE DER RADIKALEN EVANGELIKALEN by ROLAND HARDMEIER submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTOR: PROF J REIMER JUNE 2008 *********** DTH Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radikalen Evangelikalen ii DANK Das Schreiben dieser Arbeit hat mein Leben verändert. Es war weit mehr als eine akademische Übung. Der radikale Evangelikalismus hat mir die Augen dafür geöffnet, dass es die Aufgabe der Kirche ist, einer geteilten Welt den ganzen Christus zu bringen. In den Jahren, in denen ich mich durch Berge von Literatur arbeitete, hat sich im Leben von mir und meiner Frau eine Wandlung hin zu einem radikalen Standpunkt vollzogen. Daraus ist eine ethische Lebensweise entstanden, die in direktem Zusammen- hang mit den Nöten der Welt steht. Die radikalen Theologen haben mein Herz gewonnen. Ich gestehe freimütig: Ich bin einer von ihnen geworden. Mein Dank gilt in erster Linie meinem Herrn, Jesus Christus, an den ich glaube und dem ich täglich nachfolge. Ich bin dankbar, dass mir das Vorrecht gewährt wurde, mich so intensiv mit diesem wichti- gen Thema auseinander zu setzen. Mein zweiter Dank gilt meinem Promotor, Professor Johannes Reimer, der mir wertvolle Impulse zum Schreiben dieser Arbeit gab und ein persönliches Interesse daran hat, dass die Theologie des radikalen Evangelikalismus aufgearbeitet wird. Mein herzlichster Dank gilt meiner Frau Elisabeth, die mich in all den Jahren treu unterstützt hat und mit der ich die Vision einer gerechten Welt teile. Roland Hardmeier DTH Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radikalen Evangelikalen iii DEUTSCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die geschichtlichen und theologischen Grundlinien des radikalen Evangelikalismus und stellt ihn in den Kontext ähnlicher und ihn beeinflussender Theologien. Der radikale Evangelikalismus integriert Erkenntnisse verschiedener theologischer Ansätze in eine evan- gelikale Grundkonzeption. Die radikale Theologie vermag durch ihre kontextuelle Prägung die Ein- seitigkeiten der europäischen evangelikalen Theologie zu überwinden, bleibt aber genuin evangelikal. Sie ist in der Lage, die Sterilität der akademischen Theologie und die dualistische Geschichtsschau, die weiten Teilen der evangelikalen Bewegung eigen ist, durch eine konsequente Weltzugewandtheit zu durchbrechen. Damit erweist sie sich als eine höchst relevante Theologie für die Nöte einer geteil- ten Welt. Die Arbeit entfaltet sich in drei wesentlichen Schritten. Zunächst wird vom Weltevangelisa- tionskongress in Lausanne 1974 her der geschichtliche Werdegang des radikalen Evangelikalismus nachgezeichnet. Dann erfolgt in einem ausführlichen Teil eine Darstellung der Theologie des radika- len Evangelikalismus an Hand ausgewählter Themen. Schiesslich wird die soziale Aktion der radika- len Evangelikalen dargestellt und aufgezeigt, dass die energische Theologie der Radikalen im Grunde genommen zur Tat drängende Spiritualität ist. TITEL DER ARBEIT: DAS GANZE EVANGELIUM FÜR EINE HEILSBEDÜRFTIGE WELT: ZUR MISSIONSTHEO- LOGIE DER RADIKALEN EVANGELIKALEN Schlüsselbegriffe: radikal, Evangelikale, Anabaptismus, Social Gospel, Befreiungstheologie, Ökumenischer Rat der Kir- chen, kontextuelle Theologie, Transformation, Mission, soziale Aktion, strukturelle Veränderung, inkarnatorisch, holistisch Roland Hardmeier DTH Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radikalen Evangelikalen iv ENGLISH ABSTRACT The present work deals with the historical and theological foundations of radical evangelicalism and places it within the context of theologies which influenced it and are similar to it. Radical evangelica- lism integrates insights from various theological roots into a evangelical basal concept. Radical theo- logy succeeded, through its contextual outworking, in overcoming the narrow focus of European e- vangelical theology and yet it remains genuinely evangelical. It is in the position of breaking through the sterility of academic theology and the dualistic worldview which is peculiar to wide parts of the evangelical movement by a world view that is turned towards the world. Thus it is proving itself to be a highly relevant theology for the needs of a divided world. The work develops in three steps. First of all the historical development of radical evangelicalism will be traced, from its beginning at the Cong- ress for world evangelism in Lausanne in 1974 to the present day. Thus it will become clear that in the 30 years since Lausanne radical theology has entered the mainstream of evangelicalism. There follows in a detailed section a setting out of the theology of radical evangelicalism by means of several chosen themes. It will deal with radical hermeneutics, eschatology, salvation, the meaning of mission and evangelism and the relationship between Gospel and culture. Finally the social action of radical evan- gelicalism will be set out and it will be demonstrated that its energetic theology is at its basic level in fact a driving sprituality. TITLE OF THE THESIS: THE WHOLE GOSPEL FOR A WORLD IN NEED OF SALVATION: THE MISSIONS THEOLO- GY OF RADICAL EVANGELICALISM Key terms: radical, evangelicalism, anabaptism, social gospel, liberation theology, ecumenicalism, contextual theology, transformation, mission, social action, structural change, incarnational, holistic Roland Hardmeier DTH Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radikalen Evangelikalen v STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE I declare that „Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radi- kalen Evangelikalen“ is my own work and all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indi- cated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Roland Hardmeier Roland Hardmeier DTH Das ganze Evangelium für eine heilsbedürftige Welt. Zur Missionstheologie der radikalen Evangelikalen vi INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 EINFÜHRUNG................................................................................................................2 1.1 Ziel und Aufbau der Arbeit.........................................................................................2 1.1.1 Begründung für die Beschäftigung mit dem Thema und Stand der Forschung ...... 3 1.1.2 Vorgehensweise und Gliederung der Untersuchung................................................ 7 1.2 Hauptquellen der radikalen Theologie.......................................................................10 1.2.1 Der Anabaptismus.................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Der frühe Evangelikalismus .................................................................................... 12 1.2.3 Die Theologie des Social Gospel ............................................................................ 15 1.2.4 Die Theologie der Befreiung ................................................................................... 16 1.2.5 Die Theologien im Umfeld des ÖRK ....................................................................... 17 2 VON LAUSANNE I BIS LAUSANNE III: DIE ENTWICKLUNG EINER RADIKALEN AGENDA IN DER EVANGELIKALEN BEWEGUNG .....................19 2.1 Die Geburtsstunde des radikalen Evangelikalismus in Lausanne 1974 ......................19 2.1.1 Wheaton und Berlin 1966........................................................................................ 19 2.1.2 Zwischen Wheaton und Berlin................................................................................. 22 2.1.3 Der Lausanner Kongress 1974 ............................................................................... 25 2.2 Der radikale Evangelikalismus im Jahrzehnt nach Lausanne I...................................31 2.2.1 Lateinamerika .......................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Asien ......................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.3 Afrika........................................................................................................................ 38 2.2.4 Der Westen ............................................................................................................... 42 2.2.5 Literarische Tätigkeit .............................................................................................. 43 2.3 Die Konfrontation mit der Gemeindewachstumsbewegung in Pattaya 1980 ..............46 2.3.1 Die Sondererklärung der radikalen Evangelikalen ............................................... 46 2.3.2 Die Zerrissenheit der Evangelikalen nach Pattaya ............................................... 50 2.4 Der Versuch des Brückenschlags in Grand Rapids 1982 ...........................................52 2.4.1 Der Bericht „Verkündigung und soziale Verantwortung“ .................................... 53 2.4.2 Die Reaktion der radikalen Evangelikalen ............................................................ 55 2.5 Die Einführung des Transformationskonzepts in Wheaton 1983 ...............................57 2.5.1 Das Ergebnis der Teilkonsultationen ..................................................................... 57 2.5.2 Der Beitrag der radikalen Evangelikalen in Wheaton .......................................... 60 2.5.3 Das bekehrungsorientierte Missionsverständnis
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