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HOUSEHOLD and METRIC CONVERSIONS the Metric System

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HOUSEHOLD and METRIC CONVERSIONS the Metric System Medical Sciences 1 CP Anatomy & Physiology BollmanTechnical Education Center HOUSEHOLD AND METRIC CONVERSIONS The Metric System . International system used in science and medicine . Uses base units of: grams (g) for dry mass liters (L) for liquid volume meters (m) for length or distance The Metric System . Base units can be made larger or smaller with the use of prefixes . Metric system is established upon base 10 for easy conversions kilo (k) = 1000 - makes unit bigger centi (c) = 0.01 - makes unit smaller milli (m) = 0.001 - makes unit smaller The Metric System . Examples: 1 meter = 100 centimeters or 1 m = 100 cm 1 kilogram = 1000 grams or 1 kg = 1000 g 1 liter = 1000 milliliters or 1 L = 1000 mL Household (English) System . Uses units like: Ounces (oz) and pounds (lb) for mass/weight Quarts (qt), pints (pt) or cups (c) for liquid volume Teaspoons (t) and tablespoons (T) are also used in household measurements. Inches (in), feet (ft), yards (yd) and miles (mi) for lengths or distances Importance of Conversions . Physicians may write orders for medications in units that are different than the ones available on the medication bottles in the pharmacy . Administering medication at home may require converting dosages into units the average person will be able to understand (I.E. teaspoons and tablespoons) Mass/Weight Unit Equalities Metric System Household (English) System 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1 ounce (oz) = 28.4 grams (g) 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g) Liquid Volume Unit Equalities Metric System Household (English) System 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 15 drops (gtts) = 1 mL 1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cubic centimeter (cc) 1 teaspoon (t) = 5 milliliters (mL) 1 tablespoon (T) = 15 milliliters (mL) 1 fluid ounce (fl. oz) = 30 mL 1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt) 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) Length/Distance Unit Equalities Metric System Household (English) System 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft) 1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters 1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft) 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) Time Unit Equalities . 1 week (wk) = 7 days (d) . 1 day (d) = 24 hours (h) . 1 hour (h) = 60 minutes (min) . 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s) Dimensional Analysis Steps 1. Write down unit equality or equalities needed to complete the conversion 2. Place the initial value from the question on the left side of the equation 3. Set up conversion factor ratios in such a way as to cancel out unwanted units 4. Fill in appropriate numerical values from unit equalities 5. Calculate by doing any necessary multiplication or division 6. Record final answer with any remaining units. Practice Problem #1 . How many tablespoons (T) are equivalent to 112 milliliters (mL)? . List the unit equality needed: 1 tablespoon (T) = 15 milliliters (mL) Practice Problem #1 . Place value from original question on left side of equation: 112 mL . Set up conversion factor ratio to cancel out unwanted unit: 112 mL x T = mL Practice Problem #1 . Fill in appropriate numerical values from the unit equality: 1 tablespoon (T) = 15 milliliters (mL) 112 mL x 1 T = 15 mL Practice Problem #1 . Calculate by doing any necessary multiplication or division . Record final answer with any remaining units 112 mL x 1 T = 7.5 T 15 mL . “mL” unit in original value is cancelled out since “mL” appears in the denominator of the ratio. Practice Problem #2 . How many ounces (oz) are equivalent to 2.36 kilograms (kg)? . Strategy: kilograms (kg) pounds (lb) ounces (oz) . List the unit equalities needed: 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) Are there any other ways to solve this problem? Practice Problem #2 . Place value from original question on left side of equation 2.36 kg . Set up conversion factor ratios to cancel out unwanted units 2.36 kg x lb x oz = kg lb Practice Problem #2 . Fill in appropriate numerical values from the unit equalities: 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) 2.36 kg x 2.2 lb x 16 oz = 1 kg 1 lb Practice Problem #2 . Calculate by doing any necessary multiplication or division . Record final answer with any remaining units 2.36 kg x 2.2 lb x 16 oz = 83.1 oz 1 kg 1 lb . “kg” unit in original value cancels out with “kg” unit in denominator of the first ratio. “lb” unit in numerator of first ratio cancels with “lb” unit in denominator of second ratio. Practice Problem #3 . How many meters (m) are equivalent to 64 inches (in)? . Strategy: inches (in) centimeters (cm) meters (m) . List the unit equalities needed: 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) Practice Problem #3 . Place value from original question on left side of equation 64 in . Set up conversion factor ratios to cancel out unwanted units 64 in x cm x m = in cm Practice Problem #3 . Fill in appropriate numerical values from the unit equalities: 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm) 64 in x 2.54 cm x 1 m = 1 in 100 cm Practice Problem #3 . Calculate by doing any necessary multiplication or division . Record final answer with any remaining units 64 in x 2.54 cm x 1 m = 1.62 m 1 in 100 cm Practice Problem #4 . How many seconds (s) are equivalent to 1.4 days? . Strategy: days (d) hours (h) minutes (min) seconds (s) . List the unit equalities needed: 1 day (d) = 24 hours (h) 1 hour (h) = 60 minutes (min) 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s) Practice Problem #4 . Place value from original question on left side of equation 1.4 d . Set up conversion factor ratios to cancel out unwanted units 1.4 d x h x min x s = d h min Practice Problem #4 . Fill in appropriate numerical values from the unit equalities: 1 day (d) = 24 hours (h) 1 hour (h) = 60 minutes (min) 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s) 1.4 d x 24 h x 60 min x 60 s = 1 d 1 h 1 min Practice Problem #4 . Calculate by doing any necessary multiplication or division . Record final answer with any remaining units 1.4 d x 24 h x 60 min x 60 s = 120,960 s 1 d 1 h 1 min 1) Convert 51 kg into pounds Conversion factor: 2.205 pounds in 1 kilogram A) 23.2 pounds B) 112.2 pounds C) 113 pounds D) 110 pounds E) None of the above 2)Convert 17 ml to teaspoons A) 3 .4 teaspoons 5 ml = 1 teaspoon B) 2 3/4 teaspoons C) 3 teaspoons D) 5 teaspoons E) None of the above 3)A patient has a laceration of 4 inches. How many cm? A) 1.8 cm 2.54 cm = 1 inch B) 9.35 cm C) 12.4 cm D) 10.16 cm E) None of the above 4) An IV bag needs to last 3 hours and 55 minutes. How many minutes is that? 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour A) 180 minutes B) 235 minutes C) 14100 minutes D) 212 minutes E) None of the above 5) You are giving a patient 20 antibiotic pills to take in the next 5 days. How many hours between pills? 5 days x 24 hours = A) Every 3 hours 20 pills 1 day B) Every 4 hours C) Every 8 hours D) Every 6 hours E) None of the above 6) Convert 250 g to ounces (Use 28.35 g = 1 ounce A) 8.82 ounces B) 7087.5 ounces C) 70.9 ounces D) 8.9 ounces E) None of the above 7) Your doctor prescribed 25 ml of liquid diarrhea medicine. How many teaspoonsA) 2 teaspoons is this? B) 3 teaspoons C) 5 teaspoons D) 7 teaspoons E) None of the above 8) Your doctor prescribed 25 ml of liquid diarrhea medicine. How many tablespoons is this? A) 1.7 tablespoons B) 3 tablespoons C) 1.5 tablespoons D) 3.5 tablespoons E) None of the above.
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