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Research & Development Chief Editor Dr. A. Singaraj, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. Editor Mrs.M.Josephin Immaculate Ruba EDITORIAL ADVISORS ISSN (Online):2455-7838 1. Prof. Dr.Said I.Shalaby, MD,Ph.D. Professor & Vice President SJIF Impact Factor : 6.093 Tropical Medicine, Hepatology & Gastroenterology, NRC, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt. 2. Dr. Mussie T. Tessema, Associate Professor, EPRA International Journal of Department of Business Administration, Winona State University, MN, United States of America, 3. Dr. Mengsteab Tesfayohannes, Research & Associate Professor, Department of Management, Sigmund Weis School of Business, Development Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PENN, United States of America, (IJRD) 4. Dr. Ahmed Sebihi Associate Professor Islamic Culture and Social Sciences (ICSS), Monthly Peer Reviewed & Indexed Department of General Education (DGE), International Online Journal Gulf Medical University (GMU), UAE. 5. Dr. Anne Maduka, Volume: 3, Issue:12, December 2018 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria. 6. Dr. D.K. Awasthi, M.SC., Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Chemistry, Sri J.N.P.G. College, Charbagh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. India 7. Dr. Tirtharaj Bhoi, M.A, Ph.D, Assistant Professor, School of Social Science, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India. 8. Dr. Pradeep Kumar Choudhury, Assistant Professor, Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, An ICSSR Research Institute, New Delhi- 110070, India. 9. Dr. Gyanendra Awasthi, M.Sc., Ph.D., NET Published By Associate Professor & HOD EPRA Journals Department of Biochemistry, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. 10. Dr. C. Satapathy, CC License Director, Amity Humanity Foundation, Amity Business School, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. SJIF Impact Factor: 6.093 Volume: 3 | Issue: 12 | December | 2018 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) THE EMERGENCE OF SHER SHAH AND SUR DYNASTY IN MEDIEVAL INDIA Dr .Lekshmy .P.L Assistant Professor & HOD, Department of History, Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur, Kerala, India ABSTRACT Sher Shah was a courageous person who earned the sovereignty in Indian soil for the Afghan chiefs once again, who were forced to abdicate after the attack of Babar on India, by forcing Baber’s son Huamyoon to flee from India. Sher Sha was an excellent ruler and conqueror. From the ruling history of Sher Sha for a short period it is to be assumed that if god has given a chance to him to live, there should not have been the much praised Mughal Empire in Indian history. The dynasty established by Sher Sha is known as Sur royal dynasty. As an aggressor who captured the power illegally, the Mughal Historians have not given Sher Shah a worthy position. But the modern Historians have assessed his achievements and given a respectable place (position) in middle age Indian History, Actually the honor for being the first nationalist Emperor of India is for Sher Shah only. KEYWORDS: sovereignty, conqueror, ruling history, royal dynasty, DISCUSSION settled the difference of opinion between father and Sher Shah was a courageous person who son and the responsibility for ruling certain territories earned the sovereignty in Indian soil for the Afghan was entrusted to Fareed. People liked Fareed who chiefs once again, who were forced to abdicate after have presented an excellent rule. The step mother of the attack of Babar on India, by forcing Baber’s son Fareed who became jealous of Fareed’s good rule Huamyoon to flee from India. Sher Sha was an chased him away in 1518, though Ibrahim Lodhi has excellent ruler and conqueror. From the ruling declared Fareed as the successor after the death of history of Sher Sha for a short period it is to be Hassan Khan, due to objection from his step- mother assumed that if god has given a chance to him to and others, he has entered in the independent ruler of live, there should not have been the much praised Bihar . Babar Khan who was pleased with the service Mughal Empire in Indian history. The dynasty of Fareed has appointed him as the Dy. Government established by Sher Sha is known as Sur royal of South Bihar seeing Fareed khan killing a tiger dynasty. As an aggressor who captured the power single handedly, Babar Khan has given him the title illegally, the Mughal Historians have not given Sher of distinction as Sher Khan’.As a result of the Shah a worthy position. But the modern Historians conspiracies of the enemies Sher Khan who went out have assessed his achievements and given a of Bihar, joined the services of Baber who have respectable place (position) in middle age Indian established the Mughal empire in 1527. When he History, Actually the honor for being the first reached Bihar after two years again he become the nationalist Emperor of India is for Sher Shah only. Dy governor After the death of Oudu Beevi in 1530 Fareed was the actual name of Sher Shah. He Sher Khan became the ruler of Bihar. Sher Sha who was born as the son of Afghan Lord Hassan of Bihar become the ruler of Bihar appointed his faithful in 1486.Unable to bear the cruelty of his father and followers on important positions of the step-mother, Fareed left for Jorpur and reached in administration and with tactical movements he has 1494. Fareed Khan who have made hard work and conquered Chunar Fort. In 1532 Humayoon has tried steady enthusiasm as his capital, he has acquired to conquer Chunar fort. The besieged continued for higher education from there when the fame of more than four months. He has made an agreement Fareed became wide- spread, governor Jamal khan with Humayoon learing the power and weakness of Volume: 3 | Issue: 12 | December| 2018 | www.eprajournals.com |184 | ______|EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) |ISSN:2455-7838 (Online) |SJIF Impact Factor: 6.093|_______________ the Mughal army. Sher Shah has pretended to employees like munsif, Aameen etc were there A surrender to him. But his desire was to re-establish Sarkar (government ) was of different ‘ paraganas’ the lost sovereignty. For this purpose he was moving governors who carried out the administrative his chessmen. During the stay of Humayoon in responsibility of the Govt. were appointed by the Gujarat, Sher Khan has increased his military power king directly.The villages the village panchayats Hearing the news, though Humayoon has surrounded were enjoying many powers Sher Shah was having the Chunar Fort, he has failed in this . In 1538 Sher the obstinacy that the administrative field should be Khan has conquered Gour, after wards Rohthas fort most capable and comfortable to the people. also Sher khan who have conquered the territories in Considering that the bigger provinces and its rulers between Bihar and Delhi, he has defeated Humayoon were against the King’s authority, he has not divided in chouse war in 1539. In an unexpected advance his kingdom into provinces. He used to inspect the severing the relation between Bengal, Delhi and income and expenditure of the treasury himself and Agra Sher Khan acquired a decisive victory on the orders in connection with the administration were Humayoon in May 1540 at Kanaj. In Kanouj war given directly to the ministers. Humayoon could barely save his life Since Sher Sher Shah has enforced a new land tax Khan has conquered Agra and Delhi; Humayoon has system. Instead of collecting tax considering the area sought refuge in Persia. Thus Sher khan in the name of the land, decided the tax after taking into account of Sher Shah became Delhi’s Ruler and established the yield from the land .Pattayam was given to the a new dynasty The royal dynasty established by Sher farmer for his land . The tax was decided as one Sha is the ‘Sur Dynasty’. fourth of the total yield. The tax payer was having Sher Sha was not a person to be satisfied with the freedom to give the tax as money or kind. The what be obtained Therefore he has continued his tax decision was to the almost generous and the tax ‘Digvijay’ (conquest of the eight direction). In 1541 collection was also almost strict made facilities for he has conquered Khokkar group of Punjab and depositing the tax directly in the treasury instead of Mughals of Kashmir wholly. Territories like Gwalior through middle men. In connection with this one malwa and marwar without much delay accepted historian has stated that if Sher Shah was alive for Sher Shaha’s supremacy. Sher Shah’s supremacy. little more period, there should not have been a class Sher Shah cunningly occupied Chithor fort also . In called Land lords When farmers were having hard 1945 Sher Shah desired to merge Kalinjar fort also to ship like famine period etc tax concession was his empire. While surrounding and seizing the fort permitted. Sher Shah was killed from a bullet of one Rajput Sher Shah was the person who understood soldier in 22nd may 1545 Sher Shah was able to that the power of the empire depended on the expand his empire within five years and to start a military power, Because of this he himself has graceful ruling method.The name of Sher Shah will carried out the supervision of the army. To prevent remain unerased in the history of the middle age . the system of presenting cheating horses by the Though Sher Shah has ruled the country only for five jagirdars at the time of the inspection by royal years he was able to get and eternal position in the employees, a system of putting seal on the horses Indian history through important modernisation. were introduced. In the border areas instead of a old Within this period he has proved that he was victor forts new forts were constructed Sher Shah directly and administrator Sher Shah’s was a dictator ship recruited the soldiers and fixed salary for them.
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