De La Rue Initiation of Coverage
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Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct 6 7 ∗ 8 JONATHAN M
jofi˙1597 jofi2009v2.cls (1994/07/13 v1.2u Standard LaTeX document class) June 25, 2010 19:56 JOFI jofi˙1597 Dispatch: June 25, 2010 CE: AFL Journal MSP No. No. of pages: 35 PE: Beetna 1 THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LXV, NO. 5 • OCTOBER 2010 2 3 4 5 Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct 6 7 ∗ 8 JONATHAN M. KARPOFF and XIAOXIA LOU 9 10 ABSTRACT 11 12 We examine whether short sellers detect firms that misrepresent their financial state- ments, and whether their trading conveys external costs or benefits to other investors. 13 Abnormal short interest increases steadily in the 19 months before the misrepresen- 14 tation is publicly revealed, particularly when the misconduct is severe. Short selling 15 is associated with a faster time-to-discovery, and it dampens the share price inflation 16 that occurs when firms misstate their earnings. These results indicate that short sell- 17 ers anticipate the eventual discovery and severity of financial misconduct. They also convey external benefits, helping to uncover misconduct and keeping prices closer to 18 fundamental values. 19 20 21 22 SHORT SELLING IS A CONTROVERSIAL ACTIVITY. Detractors claim that short sell- 23 ers undermine investors’ confidence in financial markets and decrease market 24 liquidity. For example, a short seller can spread false rumors about a firm 25 in which he has a short position and profit from the resulting decline in the 1 26 stock price. Advocates, in contrast, argue that short selling facilitates market 27 efficiency and the price discovery process. Investors who identify overpriced 28 firms can sell short, thereby incorporating their unfavorable information into 29 market prices. -
Asset Securitization
L-Sec Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks Asset Securitization Comptroller’s Handbook November 1997 L Liquidity and Funds Management Asset Securitization Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background 1 Definition 2 A Brief History 2 Market Evolution 3 Benefits of Securitization 4 Securitization Process 6 Basic Structures of Asset-Backed Securities 6 Parties to the Transaction 7 Structuring the Transaction 12 Segregating the Assets 13 Creating Securitization Vehicles 15 Providing Credit Enhancement 19 Issuing Interests in the Asset Pool 23 The Mechanics of Cash Flow 25 Cash Flow Allocations 25 Risk Management 30 Impact of Securitization on Bank Issuers 30 Process Management 30 Risks and Controls 33 Reputation Risk 34 Strategic Risk 35 Credit Risk 37 Transaction Risk 43 Liquidity Risk 47 Compliance Risk 49 Other Issues 49 Risk-Based Capital 56 Comptroller’s Handbook i Asset Securitization Examination Objectives 61 Examination Procedures 62 Overview 62 Management Oversight 64 Risk Management 68 Management Information Systems 71 Accounting and Risk-Based Capital 73 Functions 77 Originations 77 Servicing 80 Other Roles 83 Overall Conclusions 86 References 89 ii Asset Securitization Introduction Background Asset securitization is helping to shape the future of traditional commercial banking. By using the securities markets to fund portions of the loan portfolio, banks can allocate capital more efficiently, access diverse and cost- effective funding sources, and better manage business risks. But securitization markets offer challenges as well as opportunity. Indeed, the successes of nonbank securitizers are forcing banks to adopt some of their practices. Competition from commercial paper underwriters and captive finance companies has taken a toll on banks’ market share and profitability in the prime credit and consumer loan businesses. -
De La Rue Annual Report 2000 Solutions for a World on the Move
De La Rue Annual Report 2000 CASH SYSTEMS • CURRENCY • SECURITY PRODUCTS • GLOBAL SERVICES ➔ Solutions for a world on the move De La Rue operates in areas where our brand values of security, integrity and trust can be leveraged to the benefit of our customers and where we have, or are able to develop, leading positions. Global Services 04 Tailored solutions capitalising on our brand values of security, integrity and trust. From entire passport issuing systems for governments to anti-counterfeit solutions for the world’s brand owners. REVIEW SECTION FINANCIAL SECTION 2 Financial Highlights 21 Directors’ Report 3 Group Profile 31 Auditors’ Report 6 Chairman’s Statement 7 Chief Executive’s Review 32 Group Profit and Loss Account 10 Operational Review 33 Balance Sheets 18 Financial Review 34 Group Cash Flow Statement 20 Directors and Secretary 35 Group Statement of Total Recognised Gains and Losses 36 Accounting Policies 38 Notes to the Accounts 58 Principal Subsidiaries, Branches and Associated Companies 60 Five Year Record Shareholders’ Information ➔ Security Paper & Print 03 (Security Products) From passports to travellers cheques, driving licences to stamps, as the world’s largest security printer it is highly likely that you will be carrying a product that started life at De La Rue. Cash Systems 01 Providing cash handling solutions to the world's banks, retailers and transport and leisure companies enabling them to reduce the cost of handling cash and ensuring its secure availability when and where people need it. Security Paper & Print (Currency) 02 As one of the world’s leading commercial producers of banknotes we enable some 20-30 billion banknotes in circulation around the world to be spent with confidence. -
Auction Rate Securities 1
Auction Rate Securities 1 Auction Rate Securities (ARS) were marketed by broker-dealers to investors, including individuals, corporations and charitable foundations as liquid, short-term, cash-equivalent investments similar to traditional commercial paper. The securities, however, were long-term floating rate bonds or preferred stock with floating rate coupons which gave them a superficial similarity to short-term investments. ARS’s liquidity and similarity to short-term investments were entirely dependent on the presence of sufficient orders to buy outstanding ARS at periodic auctions in which they were bought and sold subject to a contractual ceiling on the interest rate the issuer would have to pay. If the interest rate that would clear the market was greater than this maximum rate, the auctions “failed” and existing holders of the securities were forced to hold securities they wanted to sell and had previously thought were liquid. If the demand for an ARS was too low to clear the market, broker dealers sponsoring the auction could place bids just below the maximum interest rate to clear the auction. The lower the public demand for an issue, the larger the quantity broker dealers had to buy to avoid a failed auction. Participating broker dealers had better information than public investors about the creditworthiness of the ARS issuers and were the only parties with information about the broker dealers’ holdings and inclination to abandon their support of the auctions. In addition, brokerage firms involved in the auctions knew of temporary maximum rate waivers negotiated with the issuers and the ratings agencies that allowed auctions that would have failed in late 2007 to continue to clear. -
Auction Rate Securities Issue Brief
C ALIFORNIA DEBT AND ISSUE BRIEF INVESTMENT ADVISORY California Debt and Investment Advisory Commission August 2004 C OMMISSION AUCTION RATE SECURITIES Douglas Skarr CDIAC Policy Research Unit The Auction Rate Securities market has Securities must carefully evaluate the current expanded significantly in the public finance environment, their objectives, and consider how sector since 2001. Nationwide, issuance of this debt will be managed over the long term. auction rate securities, including the public finance area, grew from $100 billion in the This Issue Brief provides an overview of the first quarter of 2002 to $200 billion by the end market, mechanics, costs, benefits and risks of the fourth quarter of 2003. Public finance associated with Auction Rate Securities. has become the fastest-growing sector to use auction rate securities, with total issuance I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE projected to grow at double-digit rates in the Auction Rate Securities (ARS) are long term, future (see Figure 1). variable rate bonds tied to short term interest rates. ARS have a long term nominal maturity Figure 1 – ARS Issues Outstanding with interest rates reset through a modified ARS Outstanding 2002-2003 Dutch auction, at predetermined short term 250 intervals, usually 7, 28, or 35 days. They trade 200 at par and are callable at par on any interest payment date at the option of the issuer. 150 Interest is paid at the current period based on 100 the interest rate determined in the prior auction ($)In Billions period. 50 0 Although ARS are issued and rated as long term Q1- Q2- Q3- Q4- Q1- Q2- Q3- Q4- 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 bonds (20 to 30 years), they are priced and Total Municipal traded as short term instruments because of the liquidity provided through the interest rate reset The use of auction rate financing is becoming mechanism. -
Hybrid Securities
Analysis MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL GUIDE 2015/16 CAPITAL MARKETS Hybrid securities: an overview Ze'-ev D Eiger, Peter J Green, Thomas A Humphreys and Jeremy C Jennings-Mares Morrison & Foerster LLP global.practicallaw.com/1-517-1581 The history of hybrid securities may well be divided into two x The main bank regulatory requirements and how these differ by periods: pre-financial crisis and post-financial crisis. Before the jurisdiction. crisis, hybrid issuances by financial institutions including banks and insurance companies, and corporate issuers, which are generally x The main tax considerations and how these differ by jurisdiction. utilities, were quite significant. Such product structuring efforts x The accounting considerations. resulted in a vast array of hybrid products, such as trust preferred securities, real estate investment trust (REIT) preferred securities, x The ratings considerations. perpetual preferred securities and paired or stapled hybrid x How hybrid securities can be offered and how and to whom they structures. Following the financial crisis, regulators have been are usually marketed. focused on enhancing the regulatory capital requirements applicable to financial institutions and ensuring that there is Format greater transparency regarding financial instruments. Regulatory reform will continue to affect the future of hybrid capital. While Hybrid securities include: financial institutions have focused in recent years on non- x Certain classes of preferred stock. cumulative perpetual preferred stock and contingent capital instruments, "traditional" hybrids, such as trust preferred x Trust preferred securities (for non-bank issuers). securities, remain popular with corporate issuers. x Convertible debt securities (for non-bank issuers). This article provides a brief overview of the principal structuring, x Debt securities with principal write-down features. -
Derivative Securities
2. DERIVATIVE SECURITIES Objectives: After reading this chapter, you will 1. Understand the reason for trading options. 2. Know the basic terminology of options. 2.1 Derivative Securities A derivative security is a financial instrument whose value depends upon the value of another asset. The main types of derivatives are futures, forwards, options, and swaps. An example of a derivative security is a convertible bond. Such a bond, at the discretion of the bondholder, may be converted into a fixed number of shares of the stock of the issuing corporation. The value of a convertible bond depends upon the value of the underlying stock, and thus, it is a derivative security. An investor would like to buy such a bond because he can make money if the stock market rises. The stock price, and hence the bond value, will rise. If the stock market falls, he can still make money by earning interest on the convertible bond. Another derivative security is a forward contract. Suppose you have decided to buy an ounce of gold for investment purposes. The price of gold for immediate delivery is, say, $345 an ounce. You would like to hold this gold for a year and then sell it at the prevailing rates. One possibility is to pay $345 to a seller and get immediate physical possession of the gold, hold it for a year, and then sell it. If the price of gold a year from now is $370 an ounce, you have clearly made a profit of $25. That is not the only way to invest in gold. -
(Equity Shares, Debentures, Bonds) DOS Avail Nomination for All Your
SHARE & DEBENTURE HOLDERS (Equity Shares, Debentures, Bonds) DOS 9 Avail nomination for all your investments without fail 9 Convert your physical certificates in to demat form by opening demat a/c 9 Provide your PAN card details in case of transfer / transmission of shares in physical form 9 Keep track of your investments on regular basis 9 Be alert to any public announcements on the shares of the companies that you have invested 9 Be aware that an intermediary or its staff making a recommendation, is required to disclose their interest/ position in that scrip 9 Read the Annual Report and enclosed explanatory statements, if any, before attending General Meetings 9 In case of any grievance, contact the compliance officer of the company / Debenture Trustee (DT) Be aware that listed companies, Registrar and Share Transfer Agents (RTA) and DTs are required to have a dedicated Email ID for registering your complaints 9 Approach SEBI, if grievance is not redressed by the Company / DT 9 Be aware that investor complaints against listed companies are displayed on the website(s) of SE 9 Be aware that the details of disposal of arbitration proceedings are displayed on the website(s) of SE DON’TS 8 Do not invest with borrowed money 8 Do not expect unrealistic / guaranteed returns 8 Do not be influenced by advertisement / advices / rumours / unauthentic news promising unrealistic gains and windfall profits in mass media 8 Do not be guided by astrological predictions on share prices and market movements 8 Do not fall prey to market rumours / ‘hot -
Intergraf International Security Printers Conference Copenhagen 22 to 24 April 2015
INFOSECURA A magazine for the security printing industry worldwide, published four times a year by Intergraf in Brussels and mailed to named members of the security printing community, such as security printers, their suppliers, banknote issuing, government and postal authorities as well as police forces in more than 150 countries. Intergraf International Security Printers Conference Copenhagen 22 to 24 April 2015 In this issue: A look at security features on banknotes Poland’s first polymer banknote Designing Norway’s new banknotes Banknotes: Under- or over-featured? Motion’s Rapid move An even livelier Spark and ...security features from G&D and DLR INTERGRAF November 2014- 18th year - Number 62 INFOSECURA EDITORIAL Unforgeable, verifiable and economical? The subject of this issue of Infosecura is the everyday use of currency and thus the banknotes, or more precisely, security fea- national economy, will not be affected. Mo- tures on banknotes. In the last decades, rocco thus gave Landqart’s Durasafe a start. banknotes have become very sophisticated Now Poland, as the second among Europe- and every time a central bank decides to an nations, is testing the water with the 20 issue a new series, not only will the design Złoty banknote printed on Innovia’s Guard- be on an artistically higher level, the security ian. (Rumania was the first European country features will be more advanced, much more to go totally “Polymer”.) difficult to counterfeit and probably more Alternative substrates aside, the idea be- expensive as well. hind the impromptu investigation into the se- Security features are developed by se- curity features used by a handful of different curity printers and banknote paper makers countries was to demonstrate that traditional on the one hand - we are bringing examples security features still hold a large and impor- from De La Rue and Giesecke & Devrient tant place on the world’s currencies. -
Securitization Continues to Grow As a Funding Source for the Economy, with RMBS
STRUCTURED FINANCE SECTOR IN-DEPTH Structured finance - China 25 March 2019 Securitization continues to grow as a funding source for the economy, with RMBS TABLE OF CONTENTS leading the way Summary 1 China's securitization market Summary continues to grow, providing an increasing share of debt funding for The share of debt funding for the Chinese economy provided by securitization continues the economy 2 to grow, driven in large part by the growing issuance of structured finance deals backed by Securitization market is evolving as consumer debt such as residential mortgages and auto loans. funding needs change, with consumer debt a growing focus 4 » China's securitization market continues to grow, providing an increasing share RMBS and auto ABS issuance of debt funding for the economy. Securitization accounted for 4.6% of total debt growing, but credit card, micro-loan and CLO deals in decline 5 capital market new issuance for the Chinese economy in 2018, up from 3.7% in 2017. Market developments support further At the end of 2018, the total value of outstanding securitization notes stood at RMB2.7 growth 10 trillion, making China the largest securitization market in Asia and the second largest in Moody’s related publications 12 the world behind the US. However, while it continues to grow, securitization still provides a relatively small share of total debt financing for the Chinese economy compared with Contacts what occurs in the US and other more developed markets. Gracie Zhou +86.21.2057.4088 » Securitization market is evolving as funding needs change, with consumer debt a VP-Senior Analyst growing focus. -
The Demand for Swiss Banknotes: Some New Evidence Katrin Assenmacher1, Franz Seitz2 and Jörn Tenhofen3*
Assenmacher et al. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (2019) 155:14 Swiss Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-019-0041-7 Economics and Statistics ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access The demand for Swiss banknotes: some new evidence Katrin Assenmacher1, Franz Seitz2 and Jörn Tenhofen3* Abstract Knowing the part of currency in circulation that is used for transactions is important information for a central bank. For several countries, the share of banknotes that is hoarded or circulates abroad is sizeable, which may be particularly relevant for large-denomination banknotes. We analyze the demand for Swiss banknotes over a period starting in 1950 to 2017 and use different methods to derive the evolution of the amount that is hoarded. Our findings indicate a sizeable amount of hoarding, in particular for large denominations. The hoarding shares increased around the break-up of the Bretton Woods system, were comparatively low in the mid-1990s, and have increased significantly since the turn of the millennium and the recent financial and economic crises. Keywords: Currency in circulation, Cash, Demand for banknotes, Hoarding of banknotes, Banknotes held by non-residents JEL Classification: E41; E52; E58 1 Introduction Piskorski (2006), for instance, show that the link between In many economies, demand for cash is growing despite money and inflation or output in the United States (US) an increasing share of electronic payments driven by con- becomes stronger if domestic monetary aggregates are tinuous innovations in payment technology.1 In Switzer- corrected for foreign holdings of US dollars. Central banks land, similar to some other countries, the increase in also have an interest in monitoring cash developments the demand for banknotes has even accelerated since the because of their role in operating the payment system. -
Spectra Launches Machine Readable Polymer Substrate
VOLUME 17 – NO 8 / AUGUST 2019 Spectra Launches Machine Green Light for G4S Demerger Readable Polymer Substrate G4s has used its interim results to state that the review of its options for the separation of its Cash Solutions and Security Solutions business, first announced last December, is now complete, and the board has approved the separation. Plans have now been set in motion for the demerger of Cash Solutions in the first half of 2020. According to the company, ‘we believe that will create two strong, focused businesses, each with the clear potential to capitalise on market leading positions and to unlock substantial value for customers, employees and shareholders’. Since last December, G4S has received a number of unsolicited expressions of interest from third Spectra Systems Corporation (Spectra) matching sensors that detect only that parties to acquire parts or all of the – a supplier of covert features and taggant, so there can be no confusion Cash Solutions business, including sensors for the currency industry – has with another country’s banknotes. As one from rival Garda. It states that announced that it has executed a 10 counterfeit banknotes lack the taggant, they it has actively engaged with these year supply agreement, renewable by can immediately be detected in the central parties and will continue to evaluate mutual consent, with a multi-billion bank’s banknote processing systems. proposals alongside the implementation dollar, multi-national, global supplier of In cotton based substrates, the amount of of the demerger plan, albeit with biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) taggant used is generally strictly controlled no assurances that any third party with significant operations in the USA for in the paper production process to match proposals will lead to a transaction.