Hybrid Securities
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Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund (A1 Shares)
P rospectus May 31, 2021 Share Class | Ticker A1 | FFRFX Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund (formerly, Federated Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund) A Portfolio of Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust (formerly, Federated Income Securities Trust) A mutual fund seeking to provide total return consistent with current income and low interest rate volatility by investing primarily in a strategic mix of floating-rate fixed-income investments: domestic investment-grade, domestic noninvestment-grade and foreign fixed-income. As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Not FDIC Insured ▪ May Lose Value ▪ No Bank Guarantee FEDERATED HERMES FLOATING RATE STRATEGIC INCOME FUND A Portfolio of Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust CLASS A SHARES (TICKER FRSAX) CLASS C SHARES (TICKER FRICX) INSTITUTIONAL SHARES (TICKER FFRSX) CLASS R6 SHARES (TICKER FFRLX) CLASS A1 SHARES (TICKER FFRFX) SUPPLEMENT TO SUMMARY PROSPECTUSES, PROSPECTUSES AND STATEMENTS OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION DATED MAY 31, 2021 On August 13, 2021, the Board of Trustees of Federated Hermes Income Securities Trust, on behalf of Federated Hermes Floating Rate Strategic Income Fund (the “Fund”), approved the conversion of the Fund’s existing Class C Shares to the Fund’s Class A Shares on a tax-free basis and without any fee, load or charge to Class C shareholders. The conversion is expected to become effective on or about the close of business on November 19, 2021. Accordingly, all references to Class C Shares are removed from the Fund’s Summary Prospectuses, Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information as of the close of business on November 19, 2021. -
Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct 6 7 ∗ 8 JONATHAN M
jofi˙1597 jofi2009v2.cls (1994/07/13 v1.2u Standard LaTeX document class) June 25, 2010 19:56 JOFI jofi˙1597 Dispatch: June 25, 2010 CE: AFL Journal MSP No. No. of pages: 35 PE: Beetna 1 THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LXV, NO. 5 • OCTOBER 2010 2 3 4 5 Short Sellers and Financial Misconduct 6 7 ∗ 8 JONATHAN M. KARPOFF and XIAOXIA LOU 9 10 ABSTRACT 11 12 We examine whether short sellers detect firms that misrepresent their financial state- ments, and whether their trading conveys external costs or benefits to other investors. 13 Abnormal short interest increases steadily in the 19 months before the misrepresen- 14 tation is publicly revealed, particularly when the misconduct is severe. Short selling 15 is associated with a faster time-to-discovery, and it dampens the share price inflation 16 that occurs when firms misstate their earnings. These results indicate that short sell- 17 ers anticipate the eventual discovery and severity of financial misconduct. They also convey external benefits, helping to uncover misconduct and keeping prices closer to 18 fundamental values. 19 20 21 22 SHORT SELLING IS A CONTROVERSIAL ACTIVITY. Detractors claim that short sell- 23 ers undermine investors’ confidence in financial markets and decrease market 24 liquidity. For example, a short seller can spread false rumors about a firm 25 in which he has a short position and profit from the resulting decline in the 1 26 stock price. Advocates, in contrast, argue that short selling facilitates market 27 efficiency and the price discovery process. Investors who identify overpriced 28 firms can sell short, thereby incorporating their unfavorable information into 29 market prices. -
Asset Securitization
L-Sec Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks Asset Securitization Comptroller’s Handbook November 1997 L Liquidity and Funds Management Asset Securitization Table of Contents Introduction 1 Background 1 Definition 2 A Brief History 2 Market Evolution 3 Benefits of Securitization 4 Securitization Process 6 Basic Structures of Asset-Backed Securities 6 Parties to the Transaction 7 Structuring the Transaction 12 Segregating the Assets 13 Creating Securitization Vehicles 15 Providing Credit Enhancement 19 Issuing Interests in the Asset Pool 23 The Mechanics of Cash Flow 25 Cash Flow Allocations 25 Risk Management 30 Impact of Securitization on Bank Issuers 30 Process Management 30 Risks and Controls 33 Reputation Risk 34 Strategic Risk 35 Credit Risk 37 Transaction Risk 43 Liquidity Risk 47 Compliance Risk 49 Other Issues 49 Risk-Based Capital 56 Comptroller’s Handbook i Asset Securitization Examination Objectives 61 Examination Procedures 62 Overview 62 Management Oversight 64 Risk Management 68 Management Information Systems 71 Accounting and Risk-Based Capital 73 Functions 77 Originations 77 Servicing 80 Other Roles 83 Overall Conclusions 86 References 89 ii Asset Securitization Introduction Background Asset securitization is helping to shape the future of traditional commercial banking. By using the securities markets to fund portions of the loan portfolio, banks can allocate capital more efficiently, access diverse and cost- effective funding sources, and better manage business risks. But securitization markets offer challenges as well as opportunity. Indeed, the successes of nonbank securitizers are forcing banks to adopt some of their practices. Competition from commercial paper underwriters and captive finance companies has taken a toll on banks’ market share and profitability in the prime credit and consumer loan businesses. -
Auction Rate Securities 1
Auction Rate Securities 1 Auction Rate Securities (ARS) were marketed by broker-dealers to investors, including individuals, corporations and charitable foundations as liquid, short-term, cash-equivalent investments similar to traditional commercial paper. The securities, however, were long-term floating rate bonds or preferred stock with floating rate coupons which gave them a superficial similarity to short-term investments. ARS’s liquidity and similarity to short-term investments were entirely dependent on the presence of sufficient orders to buy outstanding ARS at periodic auctions in which they were bought and sold subject to a contractual ceiling on the interest rate the issuer would have to pay. If the interest rate that would clear the market was greater than this maximum rate, the auctions “failed” and existing holders of the securities were forced to hold securities they wanted to sell and had previously thought were liquid. If the demand for an ARS was too low to clear the market, broker dealers sponsoring the auction could place bids just below the maximum interest rate to clear the auction. The lower the public demand for an issue, the larger the quantity broker dealers had to buy to avoid a failed auction. Participating broker dealers had better information than public investors about the creditworthiness of the ARS issuers and were the only parties with information about the broker dealers’ holdings and inclination to abandon their support of the auctions. In addition, brokerage firms involved in the auctions knew of temporary maximum rate waivers negotiated with the issuers and the ratings agencies that allowed auctions that would have failed in late 2007 to continue to clear. -
Equity Credit for Hybrid Securities
A.M. BEST METHODOLOGY Criteria – Insurance June 22, 2011 Equity Credit For Hybrid Securities Additional Information The increased use of nontraditional debt securities within the insur- ance industry reflects, in part, the generally more favorable treat- Criteria: ment they receive in the analysis of an issuer’s capital structure by A.M. Best’s Ratings & the Treatment of Debt regulators and rating agencies. The more favorable treatment of hybrid securities relative to traditional debt instruments is princi- Understanding BCAR for pally due to the existence of equity-like features or characteristics. Property/Casualty Insurers Many of these instruments also provide a lower after-tax cost of capital to the issuer, while at the same time they are a less expen- Understanding BCAR for Life & Health Insurers sive form of accessing capital than through the equity markets. Market participants are asking for guidance as to A.M. Best Co.’s perspective on hybrid securities and the amount of equity benefit that may be forthcoming to an organization’s capital structure in the rating process. This methodology summarizes A.M. Best’s treatment of equity credit for hybrid securities issued by insur- Analytical Contacts ance-related entities and highlights the importance of debt-service Andrew Edelsberg, Oldwick capabilities. The assessment focuses on these instruments’ use +1 (908) 439-2200 Ext. 5182 within an entity’s capital structure and their impact on financial [email protected] ratios and the financial flexibility of the entity issuing the hybrid security. The methodology should be read in conjunction with Duncan McColl, CFA, Oldwick A.M. -
Auction Rate Securities Issue Brief
C ALIFORNIA DEBT AND ISSUE BRIEF INVESTMENT ADVISORY California Debt and Investment Advisory Commission August 2004 C OMMISSION AUCTION RATE SECURITIES Douglas Skarr CDIAC Policy Research Unit The Auction Rate Securities market has Securities must carefully evaluate the current expanded significantly in the public finance environment, their objectives, and consider how sector since 2001. Nationwide, issuance of this debt will be managed over the long term. auction rate securities, including the public finance area, grew from $100 billion in the This Issue Brief provides an overview of the first quarter of 2002 to $200 billion by the end market, mechanics, costs, benefits and risks of the fourth quarter of 2003. Public finance associated with Auction Rate Securities. has become the fastest-growing sector to use auction rate securities, with total issuance I. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE projected to grow at double-digit rates in the Auction Rate Securities (ARS) are long term, future (see Figure 1). variable rate bonds tied to short term interest rates. ARS have a long term nominal maturity Figure 1 – ARS Issues Outstanding with interest rates reset through a modified ARS Outstanding 2002-2003 Dutch auction, at predetermined short term 250 intervals, usually 7, 28, or 35 days. They trade 200 at par and are callable at par on any interest payment date at the option of the issuer. 150 Interest is paid at the current period based on 100 the interest rate determined in the prior auction ($)In Billions period. 50 0 Although ARS are issued and rated as long term Q1- Q2- Q3- Q4- Q1- Q2- Q3- Q4- 2002 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 bonds (20 to 30 years), they are priced and Total Municipal traded as short term instruments because of the liquidity provided through the interest rate reset The use of auction rate financing is becoming mechanism. -
Derivative Securities
2. DERIVATIVE SECURITIES Objectives: After reading this chapter, you will 1. Understand the reason for trading options. 2. Know the basic terminology of options. 2.1 Derivative Securities A derivative security is a financial instrument whose value depends upon the value of another asset. The main types of derivatives are futures, forwards, options, and swaps. An example of a derivative security is a convertible bond. Such a bond, at the discretion of the bondholder, may be converted into a fixed number of shares of the stock of the issuing corporation. The value of a convertible bond depends upon the value of the underlying stock, and thus, it is a derivative security. An investor would like to buy such a bond because he can make money if the stock market rises. The stock price, and hence the bond value, will rise. If the stock market falls, he can still make money by earning interest on the convertible bond. Another derivative security is a forward contract. Suppose you have decided to buy an ounce of gold for investment purposes. The price of gold for immediate delivery is, say, $345 an ounce. You would like to hold this gold for a year and then sell it at the prevailing rates. One possibility is to pay $345 to a seller and get immediate physical possession of the gold, hold it for a year, and then sell it. If the price of gold a year from now is $370 an ounce, you have clearly made a profit of $25. That is not the only way to invest in gold. -
(Equity Shares, Debentures, Bonds) DOS Avail Nomination for All Your
SHARE & DEBENTURE HOLDERS (Equity Shares, Debentures, Bonds) DOS 9 Avail nomination for all your investments without fail 9 Convert your physical certificates in to demat form by opening demat a/c 9 Provide your PAN card details in case of transfer / transmission of shares in physical form 9 Keep track of your investments on regular basis 9 Be alert to any public announcements on the shares of the companies that you have invested 9 Be aware that an intermediary or its staff making a recommendation, is required to disclose their interest/ position in that scrip 9 Read the Annual Report and enclosed explanatory statements, if any, before attending General Meetings 9 In case of any grievance, contact the compliance officer of the company / Debenture Trustee (DT) Be aware that listed companies, Registrar and Share Transfer Agents (RTA) and DTs are required to have a dedicated Email ID for registering your complaints 9 Approach SEBI, if grievance is not redressed by the Company / DT 9 Be aware that investor complaints against listed companies are displayed on the website(s) of SE 9 Be aware that the details of disposal of arbitration proceedings are displayed on the website(s) of SE DON’TS 8 Do not invest with borrowed money 8 Do not expect unrealistic / guaranteed returns 8 Do not be influenced by advertisement / advices / rumours / unauthentic news promising unrealistic gains and windfall profits in mass media 8 Do not be guided by astrological predictions on share prices and market movements 8 Do not fall prey to market rumours / ‘hot -
Understanding S&P Global (China) Ratings General Considerations On
Commentary: Understanding S&P Global (China) Ratings General Considerations on Rating Modifiers and Relative Ranking Methodology June 29, 2020 ANALYTICAL CONTACTS May Zhong (Editor’s note: This article supersedes the commentary “Understanding S&P Global (China) Ratings General Beijing [email protected] Considerations on Rating Modifiers and Relative Ranking Methodology” published June 19, 2019. It is being republished to provide readers with more details on our approach to applying General Considerations on our Ying Li, CFA, FRM Rating Modifiers and Relative Ranking Methodology.) Beijing [email protected] Kan Zhou Introduction Beijing [email protected] The S&P Global (China) Ratings General Considerations on Rating Modifiers and Relative Ranking Methodology is constructed to describe our approach to considering the impact of common rating Peter Eastham Beijing modifiers that may influence the ultimate issuer credit rating (ICR) or issue credit rating (issue [email protected] rating) that we may assign. We may also consider the analysis of relative ranking of different securities and the associated impact on any rating that we may assign. Fangchun Rong, CFA Beijing Where relevant, we may consider external factors, such as group relationships, government [email protected] support, counterparty financial support and guarantees, amongst others, and see how these factors may influence either an underlying view of creditworthiness or the ultimate rating that we may assign. When applicable, we would also consider the relative ranking of a given security and the implications of the ranking or nature of that security for any rating that we may assign. Examples where relative ranking may be applicable include areas such as senior secured debt, senior unsecured debt, subordinated debt, hybrid securities, tranched securitization structures, amongst others. -
Securitization Continues to Grow As a Funding Source for the Economy, with RMBS
STRUCTURED FINANCE SECTOR IN-DEPTH Structured finance - China 25 March 2019 Securitization continues to grow as a funding source for the economy, with RMBS TABLE OF CONTENTS leading the way Summary 1 China's securitization market Summary continues to grow, providing an increasing share of debt funding for The share of debt funding for the Chinese economy provided by securitization continues the economy 2 to grow, driven in large part by the growing issuance of structured finance deals backed by Securitization market is evolving as consumer debt such as residential mortgages and auto loans. funding needs change, with consumer debt a growing focus 4 » China's securitization market continues to grow, providing an increasing share RMBS and auto ABS issuance of debt funding for the economy. Securitization accounted for 4.6% of total debt growing, but credit card, micro-loan and CLO deals in decline 5 capital market new issuance for the Chinese economy in 2018, up from 3.7% in 2017. Market developments support further At the end of 2018, the total value of outstanding securitization notes stood at RMB2.7 growth 10 trillion, making China the largest securitization market in Asia and the second largest in Moody’s related publications 12 the world behind the US. However, while it continues to grow, securitization still provides a relatively small share of total debt financing for the Chinese economy compared with Contacts what occurs in the US and other more developed markets. Gracie Zhou +86.21.2057.4088 » Securitization market is evolving as funding needs change, with consumer debt a VP-Senior Analyst growing focus. -
The Demand for Swiss Banknotes: Some New Evidence Katrin Assenmacher1, Franz Seitz2 and Jörn Tenhofen3*
Assenmacher et al. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (2019) 155:14 Swiss Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-019-0041-7 Economics and Statistics ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access The demand for Swiss banknotes: some new evidence Katrin Assenmacher1, Franz Seitz2 and Jörn Tenhofen3* Abstract Knowing the part of currency in circulation that is used for transactions is important information for a central bank. For several countries, the share of banknotes that is hoarded or circulates abroad is sizeable, which may be particularly relevant for large-denomination banknotes. We analyze the demand for Swiss banknotes over a period starting in 1950 to 2017 and use different methods to derive the evolution of the amount that is hoarded. Our findings indicate a sizeable amount of hoarding, in particular for large denominations. The hoarding shares increased around the break-up of the Bretton Woods system, were comparatively low in the mid-1990s, and have increased significantly since the turn of the millennium and the recent financial and economic crises. Keywords: Currency in circulation, Cash, Demand for banknotes, Hoarding of banknotes, Banknotes held by non-residents JEL Classification: E41; E52; E58 1 Introduction Piskorski (2006), for instance, show that the link between In many economies, demand for cash is growing despite money and inflation or output in the United States (US) an increasing share of electronic payments driven by con- becomes stronger if domestic monetary aggregates are tinuous innovations in payment technology.1 In Switzer- corrected for foreign holdings of US dollars. Central banks land, similar to some other countries, the increase in also have an interest in monitoring cash developments the demand for banknotes has even accelerated since the because of their role in operating the payment system. -
Immutep Limited
Not for release to U.S. wire services or distribution in the United States or to U.S. Persons ASX/Media Release (Code: ASX: IMM; NASDAQ: IMMP) 21 June 2021 Immutep secures commitments for A$60 million through a two-tranche institutional placement to expand its clinical development and manufacturing program into late-stage settings Key Highlights • Immutep has secured commitments for A$60 million via a two-tranche institutional placement which was supported by multiple institutional investors in Australia and offshore • Immutep will offer an SPP for eligible shareholders of Immutep to seek to raise a further ~A$5 million • Ongoing strength of Immutep’s clinical data for efti (presented at SITC 2020, SABCS 2020 and ASCO 2021) provides the opportunity to seek to expand the clinical portfolio including a Phase III clinical trial • Moving efti manufacturing towards commercial scale • Preparing Immutep’s autoimmune disease candidate, IMP761 for IND stage • The institutional placement improves Immutep’s financial flexibility, providing a $108m1 cash balance and extending its cash runway to the end of CY2023 SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - Immutep Limited (ASX: IMM; NASDAQ: IMMP) (Immutep or Company), is pleased to announce that it has received commitments for a A$60 million via a two-tranche placement of new ordinary shares in Immutep (New Shares) to professional, institutional and sophisticated investors (Placement). Immutep CEO, Marc Voigt said: “Never has there been a more exciting time to be the leading LAG-3 biotech, following the recent industry validation of this promising new immune checkpoint. Efti has continued to report compelling results from multiple clinical trials over the last year, including from key patient subgroups in our AIPAC study.