INFOSECURA A magazine for the security printing industry worldwide, published four times a year by Intergraf in Brussels and mailed to named members of the security printing community, such as security printers, their suppliers, banknote issuing, government and postal authorities as well as police forces in more than 150 countries.

Intergraf International Security Printers Conference Copenhagen 22 to 24 April 2015

In this issue: A look at security features on banknotes

Poland’s first polymer banknote

Designing Norway’s new banknotes

Banknotes: Under- or over-featured?

Motion’s Rapid move

An even livelier Spark and ...security features from G&D and DLR

INTERGRAF November 2014- 18th year - Number 62 INFOSECURA EDITORIAL Unforgeable, verifiable and economical? The subject of this issue of Infosecura is the everyday use of currency and thus the banknotes, or more precisely, security fea- national economy, will not be affected. Mo- tures on banknotes. In the last decades, rocco thus gave Landqart’s Durasafe a start. banknotes have become very sophisticated Now Poland, as the second among Europe- and every time a central bank decides to an nations, is testing the water with the 20 issue a new series, not only will the design Złoty banknote printed on Innovia’s Guard- be on an artistically higher level, the security ian. (Rumania was the first European country features will be more advanced, much more to go totally “Polymer”.) difficult to counterfeit and probably more Alternative substrates aside, the idea be- expensive as well. hind the impromptu investigation into the se- Security features are developed by se- curity features used by a handful of different curity printers and banknote paper makers countries was to demonstrate that traditional on the one hand - we are bringing examples security features still hold a large and impor- from De La Rue and Giesecke & Devrient tant place on the world’s currencies. - and suppliers of materials to the indus- There are very few security features that try, such as ink, foils and holograms on the made the leap from one side of the security other. In this issue we look at the new fea- printing world - banknotes - to the other side tures by Crane and Sicpa. To do it justice, - passports and other ID documents. The the subject would need a fare more volumi- one that did, is the Kinegram from Kurz and nous magazine than the present one and for OVD Kinegram resp. The security character- space reasons alone we had to omit even istics of the Kinegram will get their deserved mentioning such successful security feature exposure in one of the next issues. developers as OVD Kinegram and Holo- gram Industries, etc. The Kinegram has the advantage that it is transparent and can cover personalized Developing security features is economi- information and even the bearer portrait on cally risky, as the development process, a passport data page without influencing involving usually advanced science, is long visibility. Although one could imagine an ad- and expensive and the acceptance by cen- vanced security thread such as Motion or tral banks is uncertain. Often the first cus- RollingStar on a polycarbonate data page, tomers for new features or new substrates any such device would decrease the space are very small and exotic countries, which available for personalized information. And function as a very useful reality check. Many on ID-1 cards any additional security feature of these countries are outside the temper- that decreases available space seems even ate climate zone and therefore banknotes more unlikely. have to endure a far more challenging en- vironment than that of Europe or the USA, The justification for the continuing devel- making for an ideal testing ground. Fortu- opment of security features is to raise the nately, banknotes are also - still - a symbol hurdles for prospective counterfeiters so of national pride and encouraging the cen- high, that counterfeiting a given banknote tral bank of country X to be the first to use becomes uneconomical. The second rea- the very advanced security feature Y has so son is to assure the everyday user with one far not been too difficult. More difficult has glance, that the note is genuine. For this been the jump from a small country to a big boldness and simplicity are the key words. one. Among substrates, after a number of Some existing features and even their sec- several denominations in small to medium ond generations are brilliant examples of countries and even a realitvely large one simplicity, while others that have added such as Mexico, Guardian made the leap to complex attributes to once simple structures the whole series in Canada and from there pass by the man in the street. Any level 1 to the future £ 5 and £ 10 notes for Great security feature that cannot be immediately Britain. Sicpa’s SPARK made the big time recognized and verified by the unsophisti- with the Euro and the US Dollar and Crane’s cated user is a failure as well as a waste of Motion finally brought the currency of its money. In these times, when profit margins home country, the USA, into the 21st cen- for banknote printing are squeezed and cen- tury. It will now be interesting to see if and tral banks are loath to pay more than they when any existing and new users will adopt absolutely have to, every feature has to pay COPEN HAGEN the new versions of these successful fea- its way. Although central banks usually say 2015 24-26 April tures, e.g. Sicpa’s SPARK Live and Crane’s that they are committed to cash, cash is not Rapid for their currencies. their only option, there are others, cheaper to produce and to process. Security Another testing ground for new materi- als and features for banknotes are com- Printers memorative notes. The print-runs are usu- International Conference The editor and Exhibition ally rather small and should a disaster occur,

2 INFOSECURA INTERGRAF A time for a wide vision and a narrow focus ACTIVITIES The 2015 Security Printers Conference and Exhibition is less than six months away. Online registration for the conference and exhibition is open and it is time to begin planning for this total immersion in the world of security. The event will cover every aspect of banknote and document security, from standardisation to fighting counterfeiting - and in our current world situation there could hardly be anything more topical and urgent. In technology driven industries such as functionality ours, looking beyond narrow borders to • Interaction of banknotes, ATMs, counting developments that happen in adjacent and vending machines sectors is vital for detecting future threats and finding early opportunities. As the only • Breeder documents – the cornerstone of conference in the industry, Security Print- identity management ers has for decades given participants the • Digital vs analogue in the production of invaluable opportunity to see the industry as security documents and banknotes a whole and to observe developments and detect crosscurrents from within and with- • The eternal fight against counterfeiting out their specific field. But this wide view of • Ethics and trust in the realm of identity the industry does not come at the expense • Mobile verification of security documents of a deep examination of the developments and trends in either of the main sectors – • From counterfeiting to cyber crime banknotes and ID documents, may they be technological or driven by economic, politi- Registration cal or societal forces. As the conference Online registration is now open - to regis- unites security printers and their suppliers ter for the conference and benefit of the early with their clients in banknote and ID docu- bird rates, visit www.securityprinters.com. ment issuing authorities and law enforce- ment agencies, social interaction between The Exhibition members of these groups is a major ingre- Next to the conference, the Security dient and a great advantage Security Print- Printers Exhibition is the second important ers 2015 offers. At the last Intergraf event, pillar supporting the purpose of the event, Security Printers 2013 in Vienna, of the 920 which is to inform the industry, to bring cli- participants from 60 countries, 110 or 12% ents - issuing authorities - and producers - were representatives from central banks, printers and suppliers - together. Over 90 of ministries and police forces. 46% of the the leading companies in the banknote and conference delegates in Vienna were print- secure document field have already booked ers and 40% suppliers to the industry. an exhibition space at Security Printers Intergraf, the organizers of Security 2015. The exhibitors list is available at www. Printers 2015, have structured the event securityprinters.com. into two and a half days, 10 sessions and The exhibition is of great value to exhibi- panel debates. After introductory plenary tors and visitors alike. 85% of the partici- sessions for all delegates, those interested pants in our post-event survey indicated they in banknote printing and those in ID docu- had established good to excellent business ments participate in separate, in-depth ses- contacts at the previous edition in Vienna. sions. Among the topics to be discussed in Security Printers 2013 welcomed almost a Copenhagen are: thousand participants from issuing authori- • Innovation and new technologies in ties, central banks, ministries, police forces, security printers and suppliers. The network- security printing documents ing events in the exhibition area (Welcome • Optimisation of operations and security Cocktail on Tuesday, 21 April, coffee breaks, through traceability in the supply chain walking lunch and the Exhibition Aperitif on • Shaping the future of travel documents Wednesday 22 April) offer limitless opportu- through standardisation and increased nities to meet new customers.

INTERGRAF - DATES TO REMEMBER 10/11/2014 Start of registrations 02/03/2015 Last day of early registration fee 30/03/2015 Deadline for registrations 22-24/04/2015 Security Printers International Conference and Exhibition Further details at: http://www.securityprinters.org 3 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE PRINTING Breaking tradition but honouring history Poland’s first banknote printed on polymer is a clear departure from the tradition of having the national currency printed on paper. But as a commemorative banknote, rather than a circulation one, its purpose is also to remind Poles of a time in their recent collective past, when being patriotic meant more than singing On August 5, Narodowy Bank Polski, substrate-integrated diffractive optically vari- Poland’s National Bank, issued a new 20 able device (DOVD). In the top left, the note Złoty banknote. As the whole series of Złoty shows three leaves and the number 20 in a denominations, except the Złoty 200 note, two-colour ‘Aurora’ colour shift feature, as had been updated this year, the new note is well as blue ribbon printed in the metallic Poland’s new commemorative 20 not intended for general circulation, but to effect ‘Metalix’. All three features are visible Złoty banknote on commemorate an event and a personality in from both sides of the note. A further impor- polymer. the history of the country. tant design element on the front of the note is a shield in blue fine-line offset print with the The note refers eagle of the Polish coat of arms printed in to the founding of intaglio over it. The serial number is printed the Polish Legion in red in letterpress and as additional secu- at the beginning of rity feature, micro lettering is used in several the 1st World War places of the front of the note. and thus prior to the re-establishment of The reverse side of the note is printed Poland as an inde- in offset and shows the Virtuti Militari Order pendent nation. The (Grand Cross with a Star) awarded to Mar- Polish Legion played shal Józef Piłsudski, the badges of the 1st an important part in Brigade of Polish Legions and the Legion’s laying the founda- eagle. And again on the right side of the note tions of Polish in- is the transparent window with the holo- dependence, that graphic image of the Belvedere Palace. finally came after the The Polish Legion commemorative note war in 1919. Since was printed by Polska Wytwórnia Papierów the break-up of the Wartościowych (PWPW) the Polish Security Polish state in the Printing Works, a company that only recently late 18th century, there had been several has been authorized to print banknotes on uprisings against the powers that occupied polymer substrate. In January 2013 PWPW Poland - Russia, Prussia, becoming Germa- was awarded a Guardian Printer Accredita- ny later and the Austrian-Hungarian Empire tion certificate confirming that the company - and in 1914, Polish independence activ- meets all requirements necessary to produce ists were organized into the Polish Legion, banknotes on polymer substrate. Less than which fought on the side of Austria-Hungary twenty companies hold that certificate. against Russia, at the time perceived as the biggest enemy of Polish independence. ‘The production of the first Polish bank- The legion was led by Józef Piłsudski, who note on this kind of substrate is valuable was later to become Head of State of Po- experience to PWPW’ said Marek Siwiec, land and successful commander of Polish President of the Management Board of forces in the Polish-Soviet War (1919-21), PWPW. However, although this was PWPW’s in which Poland was victorious. Although first polymer note to be issued, the company disbanded in 1917, the Polish Legions have had successfully tried its hand on produc- remained present in the national memory. ing a sophisticated house note on polymer in This presence is due to the legend created 2013. That note also successfully combined by poets, writers, painters and composers offset with intaglio printing - on both sides who fought in large numbers in the ranks of - and the use of colour shifting inks in trans- the Legions. parent windows and other features. In its first ‘official’ polymer banknote, Honouring history PWPW created a product that strongly re- The front of the note is dominated by a flects the strategy of Innovia Security, to add portrait of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, print- security features specifically developed for ed, as is the surrounding text and the 20 the Guardian polymer substrate. The most Złoty face value of the note, in intaglio. visible of these features on the banknote is To the left of the note is a large transpar- ‘Latitude’, which the manufacturer describes ent window with a strongly colour shifting as a diffractive optical effect generated by a holographic image of the Belvedere Palace diffractive structure embedded in silver na- in Warsaw, executed in “Latitude’ - a new noparticles that are printed on the substrate

4 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE layer. The effect of this level 1 feature is to chemicals and oxidisation; preventing the PRINTING similar to those on the Canadian dollar, but tarnishing of the metallic print colours over while the holographic effect is visible when prolonged use. It is available in several col- tilting the note, when held against the light, ours hitherto unusual for metallic inks. the entire feature turns grey with the Upgrade of current Złoty series viewer able to see In the field of Poland’s traditional banknotes, through the note. which PWPW printed in past years, the The feature is not de- Polish National Bank launched a gradual up- pendent on a stripe grade of the security features of the Złoty 10, or patch application 20, 50 and 100 notes in early April this year. and therefore allows The Narodowy Bank Polski left the graphic great design flexibility design of the notes unchanged, but uncov- - as long as there is ered the watermark area, and introduced an PWPW’s 2013 a window to put the feature in. The second experiment with polymer iridescent ink stripe, a new UV feature and bees and third feature, which appear together in a new recto-verso register security feature, the top left of the note are called ‘Aurora’ which shows a crown in an oval. However, and ‘Metalix”. Autora is a colour changing the 200 Złoty banknote remained unaltered. feature that uses multiple colour pairs de- The new security features will make the dif- signed together which offer advanced ef- ference between the old and the new series fects when tilting the banknote and when obvious, but the old notes in circulation will light is reflected from the feature. Metalix is remain legal tender. a metallic effect that has a high resistance

Denmark’s Nationalbank to close printing works Although the volume of cash in circula- Nationalbank is not economical and will not tion remains high in Denmark, demand for be economical in the future. new banknotes and coins has been falling Consequently, Danmarks Nationalbank for some years, and Danmarks National- has decided to discontinue internal printing bank does not expect the trend to reverse. of banknotes and minting of coins during Underlying factors include declining use of 2016. Like a number of other central banks, banknotes for transactions, better recir- Danmarks Nationalbank will outsource these culation of banknotes and an improved functions to external service providers. This banknote quality so that banknotes have a decision is expected to yield total savings of longer life. All in all, this means that produc- kr. 100 million until 2020. tion of banknotes and coins at Danmarks

Designing Norway’s new banknotes With a current series of Korner notes dating back to 1994, Norges Bank Two different visual thinks it is time for an update. The new series, the design of which has interpretations of “the been published in October, will break with the tradition of a prominent Sea”, the theme for Norway’s new Kroner portrait and introduces - on the reverse side - a fairly unusual design idea. series. In December 2012, Norges Bank, Norway’s period. Late in 2013, Norges Bank decided Central Bank, an- that the overarching theme for the new se- nounced that it had ries is to be “the sea’, reflecting its impor- started on a project tance for Norway’s business sector and to develop a new economic prosperity. The image of the sea banknote series, is rooted in the popular imagination, has a the eighth series of visible Norwegian identity, serves as a “busi- Kroner denominated ness card” for Norway and will be relevant banknotes. The cur- for many years to come, Norges Bank said. rent series, which was In spring 2014, a competition was held launched in 1994 with for the design of motifs for the new bank- the 200-Kroner note note series. Eight of the first entries were as the first denomina- selected by a group of experts to take part tion, has now been in in the final round of the competition. The circulation for nearly jury concluded that two proposals stood 20 years. The new out: Ripple Effects by Enzo Finger, and Nor- series is to have a life- wegian Living Space by The Metric System time of 15 years and and Terje Tønnessen. The jury selected to allow for security Enzo Finger’s proposal as the winner of the upgrades during that 5 INFOSECURA competition but Norges Bank decided that Norges Bank is now working further on BANKNOTE not his but a combination of two other pro- motifs and designs to enable security ele- PRINTING posals submitted will go on for further work. ments intended for the public and machine- The obverse sides of the notes will be devel- readable security elements to be designed oped on the basis of the proposal from The and incorporated into the notes. For that Metric System, Norwegian Living Space. reason, the finished notes may differ some- The basis of the reverse sides will be the what from the basis shown above. The first pixel motifs submitted by Snøhetta Design of the new notes will be issued in 2017 at called Beauty of Boundaries. the earliest.

Banknotes: under- or over-featured? Security features are there not only to make it difficult and expensive for prospective counterfeiters to replicate a banknote, but for the general public to see immediately that they have the genuine article in their hands. Central banks therefore take care to educate users in recognizing security features. The whole gamut of security features has become very large in recent years. Billetaria, the magazine of the Banco d’Espagna lists 7 classes and a total of 26 distinct security features, several of which are produced by several companies. Central banks have to decide not only belatedly, entered circulation in 2013, shows which features to employ on which denomi- most predominantly the ‘Motion” stripe by nations, but how many features are needed Crane. Equally striking is the colour-shift- to guarantee sufficient security without ing bell inside a copper-coloured inkwell. confusing the public. A comparison of the When tilted, the bell changes from copper number and kind of level one features used to green, an effect, which makes the bell by different central banks is instructive. This seem to appear and disappear within the - necessarily incomplete and unscientific - inkwell. Additional security features are a short survey looks at the security features in watermark, intaglio printing, security thread, the banknotes of large countries - the EU, a colour shifting 100, a large golden 100 US, Great Britain and India, of Middle East- on the back of the note, micro-printing and ern countries, - Israel, Egypt and Kuwait, red and blue security fibres in the paper. In one country in South America - Peru and at total there are eight security features in the the currencies of countries that use polymer $100 note, which is here taken as the latest as banknote substrate - Australia, Canada example of security feature application in and Romania. the USA.

Big Countries: European Union United Kingdom Although not a country, the biggest curren- The Bank of England only issues four de- cy issuer in the western hemisphere is the nominations of pound sterling notes, the European Central Bank, responsible for the £5, £10, £20 and £50. All notes, which until currency of the European Union. In 2013, now are all printed on paper, have intaglio the Euro has entered its second series, the printing, a metallic security thread, a portrait Europa Series with the € 5, which was fol- watermark, micro lettering and a UV feature. lowed by the € 10 in September 2014. The The £5 and £10 notes have a holographic ECB employs ten different security features patch and the £20 has a holographic stripe. on or in its banknote paper: intaglio print- The £50 note has a “Motion” stripe instead ing, portrait mould-made watermark and of a holographic one. Both the £20 and the electrotype watermark, holographic security £50 have a front/back register feature. In stripe or patch (with a portrait hologram in total there are maximal 7 different security the Europa series), an iridescent transparent features on each denomination. stripe with the denomination number, a se- The Bank of England has announced curity thread, micro printing, an OVI feature that in 2016 a new £5 note will be issued - the colour-changing number (on the €50, on polymer followed one year later by a €100, €200 and €500 banknotes) - or the polymer £10. The security features for these colour changing “Spark OVMI” in the new notes have not yet been published. Europa series, back/front register feature, and a UV (and UV-C in the Europa series) as well as infrared feature. India The Reserve Bank of India has changed the USA design of the country’s Rupee banknotes very little since the introduction of the The US $ 100, the flagship of the last Mahatma Gandhi series in 1996 which generation of US dollars which, however has notes in the denominations of Rs.5, 6 INFOSECURA Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and colour-changing security thread, a see- BANKNOTE Rs.1000. All notes carry a watermark du- through registration and a UV feature. The 5 PRINTING plicating the Gandhi portrait and all have a and the 10 KD denomination has addition- windowed security thread, wide on the Rs. ally a Spark feature. In total there are eight 1000 and Rs. 500 notes and narrower on security features. lower denominations. All except the Rs. 5 and 10 notes have intaglio printing as well Peru as a latent image showing the denomination In late 2013, the Central Reserve Bank of and a special intaglio mark to aid the visually Peru updated one note of its family of Nuevo impaired. In addition there is a UV feature Soles Banknotes - the 100 Nuevo Soles - by And the winners are: showing the number panels and the Rs. replacing the colour shifting ink in the de- Watermarks, both mould 500 and Rs. 1000 notes use Optically Vari- nomination number with a Spark feature and made and electrotype, able Ink for the denomination number and the security thread with a Motion thread. As intaglio, and see- a see-through register feature. In total there through register feature. the other four denominations, the note has is a maximum of seven security features on intaglio printing, a watermark with electro- Indian Rupee notes. type number and a see-through register feature. Instead of the Motion thread and the Israel Spark feature, the 10, 20 and 200 Nuevo The Bank of Israel has announced a new Soles have colour shifting ink in the large de- series of Shekel notes and already pre- nomination number. The new Nuevo Soles sented the design for the new NIS 50 note, series employs a maximum of six security but at the time of writing had not published features. a list of security features for the new series. The present series has a holographic foil Polymer currencies: Australia feature in the denomination number which On its website the Reserve Bank of Australia also contains the value in micro numbers, (RBA) notes that Polymer banknotes were a portrait watermark, a front/back register developed to make the currency more dif- feature, a security thread, intaglio printing, ficult to counterfeit. The current Australian latent image, optically variable ink, micro- Dollar series was introduced in 1992 and text, a large denomination value number in over the years it proved to be very resistant Iriodin, and a serial number in UV reflective to counterfeits. However, this year the RBA ink. The total number of security features is announced that there will be a new series 10. Israel’s only polymer banknote, the INS with new and improved security features. So 20, has the same number of security fea- which are the security features that made tures but instead of a watermark it employs the polymer Australian Dollar so successful? micro perforation. The RBA regards the substrate itself as a security feature (although for this brief survey Egypt it is not regarded as such). The next impor- According to the Central Bank of Egypt, all tant feature is the clear window with a white of the country’s six denomination have inta- image printed in it and from the AUS$ 10 glio printing on both sides. They also have onwards, a wave pattern and in the higher portrait watermarks and electrotype water- denominations the value number embossed marks, see-through registration features, a on it. A “shadow image” visible when the 1,5 mm magnetic security thread, a 3 mm note is held up to the light, replaces a wa- holographic thread and fluorescent num- termark. Intaglio printing is used for the bering. From the 100 Pound down to the 5 value number, the portrait and other pictorial Pound notes all notes have an oval fine-line elements. Finally, there is a see-through reg- moiré anti- scanning device. The 100 and ister, micro-printing and a UV feature. In total 50 Pound notes display the value also in the Australian Dollar shows eight security blind embossing and the notes from 200 features. Above, the down to 20 Pounds display an optically vari- sophisticated back/front able ink feature, while the 10 and 5 Pound Canada register of the 20 Reais notes have neither blind embossing nor an note from Brazil. If Australia shows where banknote printing OVI feature. The maximum number of secu- on polymer has been, Canada is a prime rity features on the current Egyptian pound example of where it is going. Introduced in series is eight. 2011, Canada was the first major western country to move its total suite of banknotes Kuwait to polymer. Now all five Canadian Dollar At the end of June 2014, the Central Bank denominations in polymer are in circulation. of Kuwait released the sixth issue of Ku- The notes use intaglio printing in the large waiti Dinars into circulation. There are six denomination numbers, the shoulders of denominations from 1/4 Dinar to 10 Di- the main portrait and the words “Bank of nars. All notes have intaglio printing on Canada - Banque du Canada”. both sides, an OVI feature, a feature the Most of the remaining security features Bank calls ‘Spectrum”, a watermark, a

7 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE are packed into the large window and the the denomination number when viewed secondary ‘frosted maple leaf window’. In against a light source, is neither obvious nor PRINTING the large window there is a holographic and easy to use. colour changing repeat of the main portrait The paper currencies use between six and of different towers. The holographic and ten security features. The Euro uses stripe is a Kinegram Zero.Zero, made by most with 10 and the Peruvian Nuevo Soles Kurz, (OVD Kinegram), which shows the de- least with six, but the latter uses two dra- tails and colours clearly from both sides of matic features, Spark OVMI and the Mo- the note. This application of a holographic tion stripe, while only the notes of the new stripe within a window is said to be a “first” Euro Europa series uses Spark. The most in an issued banknote. Surrounding the consistently used feature is intaglio printing, window are several numbers and words, used on all notes except low denomination some of them transparent. A second, Indian and Romanian ones. See through smaller window in the shape of Canada’s register is also very popular, with nine out national symbol, the maple leaf, contains of 11 currencies using it. All paper curren- a frosted area that, when viewed against cies use watermarks - both mould made a single-point light source, shows a circle and electrotype. The differences in the num- of numbers matching the note’s value. The ber and kind of security features in polymer final number of security features is three or notes are probably more due to the time four, depending how one counts. they were issued, with few of the ‘dramatic’ features available when the series were is- Romania sued. It remains to be seen which way the Romania was the first European country to polymer UK £5 and £10 notes will go. Will it go fully ‘polymer’ in 2005. There are seven be the bold statement of the Canadian dol- denominations in circulation and the low- lar, which draws the eye of the user to one est ones, the 1 Leu, the 5 Lei and the 10 spot, or the traditional ‘blanket’ approach, Lei are printed in offset only. Curiously, on cramming as many security features as pos- introduction in 2005, the 10 Lei note was sible into one note? printed with intaglio, but since 2008, it has been printed in offset. The higher denomi- While in the past, most security features nations of 50, 100, 200 and 500 Lei are were part of the paper - watermarks, both all printed with intaglio on both sides. In all mould made and electrotype and security notes, the dominant feature is the transpar- threads - or were applied by printing, such ent window with a white printed image and as intaglio printing, many features are the embossed value of the note. Although now applied independently of the printing the series is printed on polymer, the Na- process, either before or after. Over the tional Bank of Romania claims that there is years, security features have moved from a watermark, and indeed, when held up to discreet to showy and so far there is no the light, the main portrait is repeated in a irrefutable evidence for which kind of kind of shadow image, that is not visible if feature works better. The efficacy of security the note is viewed flat. The other security feature may also depend on the age and features are micro-perforation, optically vari- the cleanliness of the note, with some able ink, latent image, a magnetic security features being more durable than others. thread, see-through register, an iridescent For example, intaglio does lose much of stripe, a UV feature and micro lettering as its ‘feel’ in older notes both in paper and well as golden metallic ink on one image. In in polymer and a dirty note will not have the higher denominations, the Romanian Lei the ‘feel’ or sound of a new note on cotton notes display 12 security features. paper, especially in hot and humid climates. Other, very successful features such as Crane’s Motion, and indeed all window Conclusion threads, are only possible on paper. And The number of security features employed finally, the decision which security feature to by the 11 surveyed currencies varies from choose will also be an economic one. The four (Canada) to 12 (Romania). Both ex- popularity of the see-through register feature tremes are ‘polymer’ currencies but Roma- is probably due to the fact, that it does not nia’s multitude, decided on about ten years cost anything to add this feature to a note, ago, was probably a sign of early timidity while the best OVD foil and ink features with no single feature dominating the notes, demand serious investment. It is very difficult while Canada’s decision to pack the biggest to correlate the use of advanced security punch into a dominating feature and loca- features and the incidences of counterfeiting tion is a sign of supreme confidence in the but it would be very interesting to see which new material. The Bank of Canada would effect security features have on the number probably claim more than four features, but of detected counterfeits - the reduction of they are all connected to the central win- the latter is after all the reason for these dow and Zero.Zero stripe. The secondary features to be there in the first place. feature, the frosted maple leaf that displays

8 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE Motion’s Rapid move PRINTING It is an economic necessity that successful security features have to change to continue to frustrate counterfeiters and to keep central bankers interested. Modern security features have become technically extremely complex and the challenge for the developers of the features is to make the result simple enough to make it interesting and understandable for users, who only spend a split second looking at it. Here is a feature that succeeded brilliantly.

the owners of the technology, Visual Physics, a subsidiary of Nanoventions, based in At- lanta, Georgia, which gave Crane exclusive control of Motion. Motion is based on an ar- ray of micro lenses interacting with graphic images, which creates simulated moving images on the security thread that not only appear to move as the bill is tilted, but also switch from one image to another. Motion went on to be extremely success- ful, with 22 different currencies and 53 de- nominations using the feature, among them the USA, Mexico, United Kingdom, Den- mark, Sweden, Chile, Tanzania, Morocco, Libya, Peru and others. One of the biggest successes of Crane When in 2006 Sveriges Riksbank, the Crane’s Rapid feature was to secure the use of Motion as one of Swedish Central Bank, released a new the main features of the redesigned $100 version of the 1000 Kronor note into cir- note. The US Bureau of Engraving and Print- culation, it made quite a stir, not only in ing had contemplated using the feature as banknote circles but among the general far back as 2007 and it was incorporated public in Sweden as well. Here was, for the into the $100 bill in 2010, but a disastrous first time, a banknote with a security feature technical hitch prevented the denomination that did not have to be held up against the from being issued. It came into circulation fi- light, embarrassing both donor and receiver nally in 2013. The use of Motion in the latest of the note, or subtly touched to feel if the UK £ 50 note is another success, adding to print was raised. What the public saw in- the prestige of the feature. stead was both novel and counter-intuitive: a wide stripe with a visual depth far deeper than the thickness of the note and two im- Rapid ages that moved as if floating on a liquid Motion proved that micro-optics that provide surface at right angles to the direction the visually exciting effects and extensive design note was tilted. It was a bit like cinema. Fit- flexibility are what many central banks want tingly the feature was called “Motion”, and for their currencies to look modern and to it came from America, the country of the deter counterfeiters. The question for Crane Movies. was, what to do next. Some improvements appeared in recent years such as ‘Motion The note was of course printed in Swe- Switch with Micro Text’, which as the name den, at the historic Tumba Bruk printing suggest, displays a micro text on the mov- works that the US security paper manufac- ing image. It is a clever way to deter a very turer Crane bought in 2001 from the Sver- pedantic counterfeiter, but by the time a sus- iges Riksbank and established as Crane picious user gets out a magnifying glass to Currency A.S. Crane’s pedigree goes back examine whether a micro text is there or not, almost as far as Tumba Bruk’s. Crane & Co the note has been passed and the counter- Inc. in Massachusetts, USA, has provided feiter has made his money. The real answer the US Bureau of Printing and Engraving came in mid-2014 with Rapid. with paper for the Dollar since 1879 and one of the early Cranes is said to have de- Motion, as something totally new, only livered banknote paper to the revolutionary needed to move when tilted and the images hero and engraver Paul Revere, who print- had to be recognizable. But familiarity leads ed the paper money of the (pre-independ- to a lessening of critical observation and ent) American Colonies. Crane needed something that was sharp and clear and immediate. While images in In 2006, Crane did not manufacture the Motion are recognizable but sometimes a lit- Motion feature itself but in 2008 it bought tle blurred, Rapid provides the same motion

9 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE with sharp, clear images and a very rapid fluorescence and micro text. Within the win- response. It only needs tilting of the note by dows of the thread, the design possibilities PRINTING a few degrees for the images in the thread are practically endless. to move. Crane points out that the optical Crane stresses that its security features movement will catch the user’s attention Motion and Rapid encourage the user to even at transaction speeds under any light- inspect the note more closely. For anyone ing conditions. The company states that who has never seen either feature before, Rapid uses a newly developed lens configu- this is doubtlessly true. However, it would ration, which is naturally soil resistant and al- be interesting if this could be experimentally lows the use of both top side adhesives and verified or if a striking security feature - not varnish on the tread for added integration only Motion or Rapid, but also optically vari- with the substrate. This naturally improves able features such as those found on the durability, making the technology suited Canadian notes or even the Spark feature even for high volume transaction notes. - encourages or discourages the average Rapid is integrated into the paper as a user from looking at further - or all - security window thread and the feature is able to features in a banknote. carry additional security devices such as

An even livelier Spark Looking at Level 1 security features, there are very few that are immediately recognizable and so obvious that any counterfeiter would need to try to copy them but would invariably be doomed to failure. Prominent among these select few is SICPA’s SPARK feature, which is found on an impressive number of currencies, among them such important ones as the Euro. Now SICPA has introduced the second generation of the feature, SPARK Live, which promises to add even more sparkle and light and increased security to many more currencies. Hans de Heij of De Nederlandsche Bank which is fixed when the still wet ink is UV mentions in his well-known banknote study, cured. that when doing research for its new series Spark was introduced in 2006. The fea- of polymer banknotes, the Bank of Canada ture creates a controlled optical effect that found that some Level 1 security features is immediately recognizable and can only are inherently usable by the public and do be produced by the original technology. No not require training. With some security alternative, off the shelf technology can re- features, such as the holographic stripe, produce the optical effect, which makes the untrained participants were able to iden- feature very secure. The issuing bank simply tify nearly all of the counterfeits even when has to educate the public as to what the good quality counterfeits were included. feature looks like and any user of a banknote What is true for holographic stripes is prob- with Spark will be able to tell almost instant- ably also true for OVDs such as Sicpa’s ly, whether the feature is genuine or not. Spark feature. The Spark feature uses the screen-printing process to deposit a design Issuing banks seemed to have been fully in ‘optically variable magnetic ink’ on the convinced, as in 2014, over 100 denomi- banknote substrate - paper or polymer - in nations in 54 countries are using the spark which the magnetic particles contained in feature. For banknote printers as well as for the ink are oriented in a pre-determined way issuing banks, adding SPARK is no simple when the sheet is moved through the mag- decision, as apart from the cost of ‘opti- netic assembly in the printing press. This cally variable magnetic ink’ (OVMI) orienting creates a dynamic optical effect combining and fixing the magnetic particles in the ink dramatic colour shifting with movement, requires a dedicated magnetic unit in the

SPARK Live introduces new optical variations to a well-known banknote security feature.

10 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE NotaScreen printing press, which entails The new feature offers ‘bright contrasting substantial investment. It is proof of the im- colours, intense light reflection” and enables PRINTING portance that, e.g. the European Central a wide range of customized designs that Bank, attaches to the feature, that all the “give a distinct sense of depth to the security different printers printing the Euro notes feature”, as the company puts it. The most were required to acquire the ‘SPARK’ ca- noticeable difference between SPARK Origin pability, before the first note - the €5 - of and SPARK Live is the movement in the fea- the new Europa series was introduced. The ture, which is very distinct. SICPA identifies new € 10 note, which entered into circula- four families of effects which can be used in tion on September 23, also displays SPARK different designs: Rolling-bar, which is a bar prominently in the denomination value. of light that moves up or down the design, Truspin, a circular feature that moves around SPARK Live a centre point, but in an off-centre way, This year, SICPA introduced the second Sandune, an up and down movement of generation of SPARK, called SPARK Live, several different pictorial elements and finally which required the first version to be called Openform, which can have different custom- SPARK Origin. SPARK Live, which has a ized shapes and motifs. Already, the SPARK new ink formulation, requires the modifica- feature is used on banknotes in a large vari- tion of the magnetic unit in the NotaScreen ety of designs. SPARK Live promises many machine and a modified UV IRD curing unit. more brilliant design sparks. SICPA’s new SPARK Live feature is available in several different families of effects: Rolling-bar, Truspin, Sandune and Openform.

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AZ_invosecura_govment_140303_210x148.indd 1 03.03.2014 10:59:47 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE De La Rue’s four winners PRINTING De La Rue, as a banknote printer and a papermaker, has used its vast knowledge of the needs of banknote issuing authorities to develop a range of sophisticated security features that can be found on many banknotes the world over. The four outstanding security features for public recognition brings with it a degree of banknotes that De La Rue developed and inherent security as it encourages the public produced are the security thread Star- to authenticate the feature. When applied Crome, the colour-changing feature SPARK over a transparent window on Safeguard Orbital and the UV feature Gemini and the there is the additional benefit of the feature paper feature Cornerstone. In addition, being seen from both sides of the note. Ad- the company has developed the polymer ditionally the use of novel strong magnets banknote substrate Safeguard. and the “focusing” cover material in the pro- duction of the Orbital effect create another StarChrome Security Thread layer of counterfeit deterrence. StarChrome was first used in 2003 and is Due to a marketing arrangement both currently used in 75 denominations. It is the SICPA and De La Rue sell SPARK Orbital. market’s most successful premium security SICPA’s SPARK Truespin is the equivalent to thread and has proved very popular with Orbital but using the new SPARK Live tech- issuing authorities around the world. It was nology instead of SPARK. one of the first colour changing security threads to appear on the market. Star- Gemini Chrome provides a clear colour change Gemini was first introduced in 2003 and is from red to green when the note is tilted. currently used in 129 denominations. Gemini The feature has since been combined with uses two separate ultra-violet fluorescent holographic technology to created Kinetic inks that are carefully colour matched to ap- StarChrome, De La Rue’s newest security pear as a single colour under normal lighting thread. The method of production is liquid conditions. This feature then dramatically crystal coating and printing. StarChrome of- transforms into two different fluorescent co- De La Rue’s fers customisable designs, which allow this lours under UV illumination. The inks are ap- StarChrome thread to be integrated into the overall de- plied with lithographic printing. The benefits sign of the banknote. The security threads of Gemini are the increased security value of come with very versatile functionality in the two combined UV colours creating additional range of widths, demetallisation, machine complexity for the counterfeiter. The feature readability, fluorescence, etc. is easily incorporated in the creative design process The UV feature Gemini SPARK Orbital and into (right) SPARK Orbital was introduced in 2013 both and is currently used in 8 denominations, existing two of which are on the polymer substrate and new Safeguard. It was developed to provide a designs. dynamic, high impact public recognition Gemini feature that expanded the performance of provides SICPA’s SPARK ink technology. In addition proven to the colour change effect, by tilting the security banknote in any direction a bright ring can that is both simple and intuitive – UV security be seen moving around a central point of features are widely understood and used by the im- tellers and retailers globally. It uses existing SPARK Orbital is an age. The and widely available standard UV light equip- extension of SICPA’s Orbital ment to visually authenticate the note. SPARK ink technology. effect is In addition to the colour change effect, by tilting created Cornerstone using a the banknote in any Cornerstone was first used in 2003 and is direction a bright ring combi- currently used in 212 denominations It was can be seen moving nation of around a central point of developed in response to the market need high magnetic strength ball magnets and the image. to re- special magnet cover plates, which “focus” duce the the magnetic field. number of The strength of the effect and its bright- banknotes ness means this feature can be easily out-sorted The functional authenticated in a wide range of viewing for de- watermark feature Cornerstone (right) conditions including poor light. This strong struction

12 INFOSECURA

The officer’s best friend.

Thanks to the KINEGRAM®, the authenticity of banknotes and government documents can be checked by the naked eye.

For banknotes: LEONHARD KURZ Stiftung & Co. KG Schwabacher Straße 482 | D-90763 Fuerth | www.kurz.de | [email protected]

For government documents: OVD Kinegram AG | Member of the KURZ Group Zaehlerweg 12 | CH-6301 Zug | Switzerland | www.kinegram.com | [email protected]

13

The officer’s best friend.

Thanks to the KINEGRAM®, the authenticity of banknotes and government documents can be checked by the naked eye.

For banknotes: LEONHARD KURZ Stiftung & Co. KG Schwabacher Straße 482 | D-90763 Fuerth | www.kurz.de | [email protected]

For government documents: OVD Kinegram AG | Member of the KURZ Group Zaehlerweg 12 | CH-6301 Zug | Switzerland | www.kinegram.com | [email protected] INFOSECURA BANKNOTE due to turned or missing corners. Corner- shown to give a 40-60% increase in stiff- stone works by increasing the stiffness of ness. This increases note life in countries PRINTING the paper in this area, thereby significantly where notes are automatically out-sorted for reducing the incidents of turned note cor- folded or missing corners. The stiffening ef- ners in circulation. fect of feature lasts the lifetime of the note, Cornerstone uses the inherent water- delivering excellent handling and printability marking properties of cylinder mould made of the paper as the additional watermarks papermaking to address the problem – by provide especially flat ream profiles. The placing a specific watermark pattern in the feature can be incorporated into many exist- corner of the banknote. In industry stand- ing banknote designs and it can be used in ard laboratory tests, Cornerstone has been banknote counters, sorters and ATMs with no alterations to the machinery. An arsenal of features to fight counterfeiters Being a printer and papermaker for banknotes has the advantage of the greatest possible familiarity with the total banknote manufacturing process. Giesecke & Devrient have turned this knowledge into an array of beautiful and effective security features.

Security printers and papermakers Gie- more than 20 national currencies and 50 secke & Devrient provide a wide range denominations. of banknote security features, among Functional inks and pigments, which them substrate-embedded features which have been in use for several years now, naturally are among the most successful change their appearance depending the ones, as they cannot be separated from angle from which they are viewed: they are the substrate and thus are a very effective visible or invisible, or they change colour. A barrier against counterfeiting. As embed- wide range of sophisticated designs is on ded security features are being incorporated offer, all of which are screen printed: from into the paper during the paper making iridescent to optically variable colours. Be- process, counterfeiters can only imitate cause all effects can be printed on the bank- ColourShift security but not recreate them. Even very traditional note in perfect register both horizontally and threads security features, such as watermarks and vertically, they can be perfectly integrated intaglio printing, have undergone significant into any design. Special-effect inks are avail- changes that make them into very sophis- able in various colours and can be applied ticated features easily recognized by the to the banknote as a localized patch, as public. The cylinder mould watermark, now stripes, or as a combination of the two. Ad- a state-of-the-art security feature, combines ditional covert effects that are only visible us- for example highlight watermark with pixel ing special readers help to increase security watermark. In intaglio printing, thanks to further. the use of computer-aided FIT engraving technology, translucent multi-tone struc- The latest and most sophisticated se- tures can be produced in addition to tactile curity thread is RollingStar. It is based on elements. The result is a wide spectrum of microscopic mirrors plus ColourShift. The additional colour shades. combination of the two technologies results in a dynamic movement, which also fea- (right) The RollingStar tures a clear, eye-catching colour shift, from security thread gold to green. Over four million of these tiny mirror facets are lined up precisely over an area of one square centimetre and angled to produce a dynamic reflection. When the note is tilted and light hits the surface of the A further example of a longstanding se- mirror facets, it travels over it in a predeter- curity feature is the security thread Colour mined manner. The reflection is initially white. Shift, which has been in use since the early Combining this with a multilayer, metallic 2000s. These optically variable threads are ColourShift vapour deposition results in an available as covered or as window threads. additional, precisely defined colour shift. They can be up to 5 mm wide and also Even small discrepancies in layer thickness contain multi-functional characteristics such would lead to different colouration. Rolling- as holograms, demetallization, UV lumi- Star security threads can be combined with nescence, and machine readability, thus a variety of functional properties such as providing additional functionalities for dif- cleartext and machine-readable magnetism ferent control levels. Thin film colour shift (MultiCode). threads by Louisenthal are being used in The best examples of RollingStar ‘in

14 INFOSECURA BANKNOTE action’, are probably the 100 Dirham note visible on both sides of the note. of Morocco’s central bank Bank al-Maghrib, PRINTING The image is repeated in the see-through which was issued in 2013 and the Bank Filigram window, creating an image that is of Thailand’s both transparent and translucent. Employing new 500 Baht most advanced laser technologies, filigree note, which lines are cut into the core paper substrate incorporates generating the image of the Ryder cup when several new viewed in transmission. Covered by the thin and enhanced protective film layers, this secondary win- security fea- dow adds a further security element which is tures to facili- easy for the public to identify. The banknote tate authenti- is also the first in Europe to feature the Roll- cation by the ingStar security thread. public (includ- ing the visually impaired) and Attractiveness and functionality The RoIlingStar banknote sort- ColourShift security threads are character- windowed security ing machines. The RoIlingStar windowed ized by a high level of attractiveness and thread on the 500 Baht security thread on the reverse combines functionality: The threads change colour like note. colour-shift with animated images. The a chameleon, e.g. from magenta to green or colour changes from gold to green, and il- from green to gold, depending on the view- lustrates a dynamic ‘moving-boxes’ effect. ing angle. Their brilliant colours make the The thread also includes Cleartext. optically variable threads easily identifiable. Since ColourShift threads were first devel- Another good example is the ‘Ryder oped almost ten years ago, Louisenthal has Cup’ note by the Royal Bank of Scotland, incorporated these features into banknotes which com- in over 20 different national currencies. memorates the first time in In addition, the ColourShift threads can 40 years that be supplemented with transparent text ar- the prestigious eas – Cleartext – and other hidden features, golf competi- such as features with magnetic properties, tion between in order to be also mechanically checkable. the USA and ColourShift and the combined ColourShift/ Europe has ColourFix solutions allow central banks to been held at implement up to six different colour-change Gleneagles in options and to integrate the threads seam- Scotland. The lessly into their banknote designs. Prominent note, the first examples of the use of ColourShift threads one in Europe are the new series of South African Rands to use Lou- and the currencies of Hong Kong and isenthal’s Hy- Oman. brid polymer/ For any security paper maker, water- paper/polymer marks are a staple. Louisenthal has contin- substrate, is ued to further develop watermarks over the a veritable years by introducing HighLight watermarks showpiece for numbers or letters and pixel watermarks for G&D’s and for portraits and the like. HighLight water- Louisenthal’s marks make use of a significantly reduced oeuvre. paper thickness which creates very light The Royal Bank of The guilloches and the prominent por- images, increasing the visibility of special Scotland’s ‘Ryder Cup’ trait on the face of the note has been en- design elements, e.g. numbers or letters. note on Louisenthal’s hanced by G&D’s fitaglio 2.0 banknote Pixel watermarks typically depict dark points Hybrid polymer/paper/ (pixels) in front of a large, light background. polymer substrate. origination process. Integrated into the guil- loches is the latent image of a number “5”, Contrast variations of this kind are particu- offering a genuine digital image flip. It is em- larly hard for counterfeiters to reproduce. bedded directly into the intaglio master by means Louisenthal’s HighLight and Pixel watermarks. of high resolution engrav- (right) ing and then embossed onto the banknote paper. The Ryder Cup trophy on the front of the note is printed with SICPA’s SPARK ink in a transpar- ent window and it is thus

15 INFOSECURA IDENTITY Some blue sky among the clouds for De La Rue DOCUMENTS De La Rue, one of the world’s most important security and banknote printers, is back at an even keel, after appointing a new Chief Executive Officer and winning the - for this British printer - ‘must have’ contract of printing the Bank of England’s Sterling notes. But that does not mean the new CEO will have an easy ride. Things are looking up for De La Rue. After contract in October. Printing under the new the sudden departure of the last CEO, Tim contract is due to commence in April 2015. Cobbold, who left to run global events The Bank announced in March 2014 that it company UBM earlier this year, DLR’s board had entered into a contract with Innovia Se- appointed Martin Sutherland, formerly MD curity to supply the polymer material for the of BAE Systems Applied Intelligence, as next £5 and £10 banknotes. De La Rue will its chief executive at the end of August. Mr print the new notes at the Bank’s facility in Sutherland, who has been at Applied Intel- Debden on this substrate. ligence parent company, BAE Systems, a The Financial Times (FT) commented that British multinational defence, security and the contract is not De La Rue’s most lucra- aerospace company, since 2008, has taken tive, either in terms of revenues or profits, up the role in October. In the interregnum, but it has obviously enormous reputational the post of CEO had been occupied by importance and Colin Child, DLR’s Chief Op- Philip Rogerson, who now has returned to De La Rue’s new CEO erating Officer and finance director called it a his previous function of chairman. Mr. Rog- Martin Sutherland “flagship contract”. erson said: “The board is delighted to ap- point Martin as De La Rue’s CEO. He brings Originally the contract had been valued strong commercial skills, and wide experi- at around £ 1bn, now, according to the BoE, ence of growing technologically demand- it would be worth “several hundred million ing businesses supplying governments and less”, the FT reported. This means that the financial institutions worldwide.” contract had been awarded at a much lower margin than before. De La Rue’s other big Mr Sutherland has also the advantage commission is the order to provide biomet- of experience in the security area. Following ric passports to the UK government over 10 BAE Systems’ acquisition of Applied Intelli- years, which is worth £400m. gence, he led the integration of this unit into BAE Systems, which now serves customers across the Americas, Europe and AsiaPac A difficult start with intelligence, counter fraud and cyber Although having a new managing director security solutions. At BAE Systems Applied and having secured the most prestigious Intelligence, prior to becoming managing banknote printing contract in Britain, De La director, he set up a commercial security Rue has to expect stormy times ahead. On group, launching a counter fraud business September 26, just days after the emotional and latterly running the Government busi- high of the BoE contract announcement, De ness in the UK. La Rue had to issue its third profit warning in two years, sending its share value down Back at the job by a third. 70 % of DLR’s revenues come from making paper and printing banknotes In a second positive development, in Sep- for central banks in 150 countries. Prices for tember, the Bank of England (BoE) declared paper have been under pressure for more De La Rue to be its “preferred bidder’ for than a year, while competition is pushing the 10 year contract to print banknotes for down rates for printing too. Philip Rogerson the Bank of England, which is due to start in said: “For the first time, we are seeing real April 2015. This was not yet the full con- pricing pressure in print. There is overcapac- tract, but a declaration of intent. The final ity in the market and people are aggressively contract was signed on October 13. going after business.” De La Rue is certainly not new to the job, as Even in the passport sector the news is it has been printing Sterling banknotes for not all good, with lower-than-expected con- the Bank of England at the Bank’s Debden versions from machine-readable passports factory since 2003 under a contract that will to advanced biometric passports. Several come to an end in April 2015. passport contracts DLR had expected to The Bank of England said that it started be available for tender stayed with the com- a formal public procurement process in No- pany’s competitors. vember 2012 for the printing of the Bank’s DLR’s chairman said the latest profit banknotes at the Bank’s facility in Debden, warning made for a “tricky start” for new Essex. Following the receipt of bids in June boss Martin Sutherland. (Source: Financial 2014, the Bank completed a thorough eval- Times, The Guardian) uation of the submitted bids and signed the 16 INFOSECURAunique protection, infinite beauty, nature’s inspiration for your security documents

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17

Infosecura advert issue no 62.indd 1 07.07.2014 18:14:57 INFOSECURA IDENTITY SAC interoperability test - many still not there DOCUMENTS By the end of this year, the third generation of security mechanisms for ePassports - Supplemental Access Control (SAC) - has to be implemented by all EU countries. The countries are free to choose between several systems on offer, but all have to be able to talk to each other. For quite a few systems there is still work to be done - in a hurry. Currently, over 100 countries have the European Commission (EC) and ICAO ePassport systems, which use contact- organized a SAC interoperability test in Ma- less technology. There are - or will be drid to assure that European countries are soon- three mechanisms in use. The first ready to launch SAC in time. 17 European one, introduced in 2005 was Basic Access countries and Japan took part and 13 ven- Control (BAC), defined by the International dors, among them Arjowiggins, De La Rue, Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in DOC EDAPS, Gemalto, G&D, Oberthur, PWPW, 9303. In 2009, the German Federal Office Safran Morpho, etc. offered their ePassport for Information Security (BSI) introduced a solutions. The tests were conducted and second-generation security mechanism, analysed under the supervision of an ICAO Extended Access Control version 1 team of experts from Australia, Germany, (EACv1), which has since been upgraded the Netherlands and Switzerland, and a to version 2 (EACv2). And this year, a member of the ISO group. The aim of the few weeks after the publication of this interoperability test was to evaluate, whether magazine, the third generation will go live: electronic passports and inspection systems the Supplemental Access Control (SAC) with SAC are communicating securely with mechanism, a new mechanism defined by each other. The results for the 52 ePassport the ICAO in 2010 and based on Password samples and 11 inspection systems tested, Authenticated Connection Establishment were given at a recent ICAO MRTD Regional (PACE), a protocol for generating keys for Seminar. While, on some measures, results secure messaging. were better than the last Interoperability test in London in 2013, 15% of ePassport sam- EAC is able to support biometric data ples still had a large number of failures (more such as fingerprints and iris scans. EAC is than 20 failures). Meanwhile, five samples an additional mechanism, not a replace- had zero failures and seven only had one ment of BAC and while it is, according to failure. ICAO, not mandatory, it is recommended to protect biometric data. Holger Funke, an expert proposed by the German Government to support and The third generation of ePassport se- assist the tests, writes on his blog (http:// curity mechanisms, Supplemental Access blog.protocolbench.org) that the document Control (SAC) is deemed by the European quality varied from “close to release state” Union as to be so important for the security to “experimental state”. Elsewhere he noted of ePassports for the next 10 to 20 years that “it was ‘astonishing’ that many inspec- that its implementation in EU countries is tion systems did not pass the Basic Access mandatory by the end of 2014. SAC is Control (BAC) tests.” There is extensive based on the version 2 Password Authen- documentation about the tests and their ticated Connection Establishment (PACE results on the ICAO website and elsewhere v2) protocol. With 28 countries in the EU (http://www.icao.int/Meetings/mrtd-ma- and several vendors offering SAC systems, drid-2014/Documents/31_InteropResults_ interoperability is not only a major chal- Test2014.pdf lenge, but an absolute must. In June 2014,

“SeManTiK” research project completed A two year project, sponsored by the German Government, which united Bundesdruckerei, Infineon Technologies and the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration has been successfully completed and developed realistic test methods and simulation models and explored new methods of integrating the chip into the card body. Electronic identity documents (eIDs) in the transport ticket, as company ID or as a form of contactless smartcards will in future library card. This is indeed consumer-friend- be more than just proof of identity. They ly, but will expose the smartcards to greater could additionally serve as multi-functional pressure than before. In order to adequately cards that can be used in many other areas address new use scenarios already dur- of everyday life: for instance, as a public ing the design phase of the smartcards 18 INFOSECURA and in order to enable better testing and Bundesdruckerei. Thanks to SeManTiK, IDENTITY assessment conditions, Bundesdruck- card manufacturers can simulate the life of DOCUMENTS erei GmbH, Infineon Technologies AG and the documents better than before and adjust the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and the design as required. “If contactless eIDs Microintegration IZM have joined forces as are to be used several times a day in future, IMPRESSUM partners in the two-year SeManTiK project they must withstand significantly greater InfoSecura is published four times a year by Intergraf in Brussels. (“Secure and long-life eID applications for stress than before”, says Peter Stampka, Information is accepted from human/machine interaction”). They devel- initiator and project manager at Infineon industry contributors on a bona fide basis. Signed articles imply the oped realistic test methods and simulation Technologies in Regensburg. “The results personal opinion of the author and models and explored new methods of inte- from SeManTiK will help to improve the do not necessarily reflect the policy of Intergraf. grating the chip into the card body. mechanical strength of contactless eIDs and

All rights reserved. No part of the are therefore also an important step towards publication may be reproduced or achieving parity between the optical and transmitted in any form or by any New tools for smartcard tests means, electronic or mechanical, electronic security of ID documents.” The including photocopying, recording More than 35,000 cards were packaged, SeManTiK project was sponsored by the or use in any information storage or retrieval system without the tested, analysed and evaluated in 20 German Federal Ministry of Education and express prior consent of the different test combinations. The new test Research (BMBF) with €1.8m over a term of publisher. sequences developed in the project made 2.5 years. The “human/machine interaction” Information and articles may be it possible to obtain extraordinarily reliable research topic addresses new technologies submitted to the publisher, who is free to accept or reject any item for and precise confirmation of failure rates in an interdisciplinary research and action publication. The publisher reserves and patterns which have been observed plan. It focuses on technical innovation the right to edit all submissions including reader’s letters. in international smartcard projects with which, along with social innovation,

Editor-in-chief: Beatrice Klose more than 50 million cards in day-to-day responds to the special challenges facing Editor: Manfred Goretzki use. “In future, our research results from society at times of demographic change. Editorial office and publisher: Intergraf, 130 A, Avenue Louise SeManTiK will thus become part of the The expertise of the Federal Criminal Police B-1050 Bruxelles work of the international standardisation Office for forensic and methodological Tel. + 32 2 230 86 46 Fax: +32 2 231 14 64 bodies of the smartcard industry and analyses as well as the know-how of E-mail demonstrate Bundesdruckerei’s innovation Specialty Films of Bayer MaterialScience securityprinters@ intergraf.eu leadership”, says Joachim Kloeser, chief AG in the field of substrate materials also Advertising inquiries: project manager and coordinator at contributed towards the research work. Manfred Goretzki, Netherlands to introduce electronic driving license Gemalto announced that it is delivering its feature enables tactile relief and optical ef- Sealys electronic driving license to RDW, the fects on certain areas of the document public body responsible for driver licensing • Sealys Edge Sealer offers additional and vehicle registration in the Netherlands. protection through laser markings on the The Gemalto driving license combines edge of the card visual, physical and electronic security fea- tures that provide strong protection against “Ensuring only authorized drivers take fraud and forgery. In addition, a contact- to the road is a vital element of any road less microprocessor securely stores all the safety program, and the driving license also individual details printed on its tamper-proof serves as official ID credential for citizens,” polycarbonate body. It will enable the Dutch said Andre Uuldriks, Unit Manager of the police force to verify the authenticity of the Driving License department for RDW. “We document with authorized NFC mobile loved the unique combination of security readers. features matching a very advanced docu- ment design. We plan to introduce the new The credit card-sized document meets electronic driving license no later than the all the requirements of the latest EU-wide end of year.” initiative to establish a modern, harmonized driving license in member states. RDW eval- “The inclusion of a microprocessor on uated a number of security design offerings licenses reinforces public trust in the integ- and Gemalto’s proposal, combining crea- rity of a document. In addition, it enables tive layout with unique an extensive set of electronic verifications multiple features, to check document authenticity and driver’s stood out as the best identity,” said Frédéric Trojani, Executive Vice solution: President of Government Programs at Ge- malto. “The Netherlands will benefit from our • A transparent experience acquired through large-scale de- window in the pure ployments of secure driving licenses notably polycarbonate struc- in France, India, Ireland, Mexico, Morocco ture provides an imme- and the UK. The new card also creates a diate visual check future-proof platform for accessing eGovern- • The brand new ment services in the years ahead.” Sealys Secure Surface

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