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Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabr.) and Some Related Pyralid Stem Borers in Louisiana

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Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabr.) and Some Related Pyralid Stem Borers in Louisiana Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1963 Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabr.) and Some Related Pyralid Stem Borers in Louisiana. Ram Autar Agarwal Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Agarwal, Ram Autar, "Diatraea Saccharalis (Fabr.) and Some Related Pyralid Stem Borers in Louisiana." (1963). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 827. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/827 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64-130 microfilmed exactly as received AGARWAL, Ram Autar, 1925— DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (FABR.) AND SOME RELATED PYRAUD STEM BORERS IN LOUISIANA. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1963 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (FABR.) AND SCME RELATED PYRALID STEM BORERS IN LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and A gricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Zoology, Physiology and Entomology by Ram Autar Agarwal B.Sc. Ag., Assoc. I.A.R.I. (New D elhi), 1952 Ju n e , 1963 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The w riter wishes to express his sincere gratitude to his major professor, Dr. W. H. Long for the guidance during the course of this study and for assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks are extended to Dr. L. D. Newsom, Head of the Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University for providing the opportunity to study at L. S. U. and for reviewing the manuscript, and to Mr. H. W. Capps of the U. S. National Museum, Washington D. C., for kindly identifying insects sent to him. Gratitude is acknowledged to Dr. Bruce Boudreaux, Dr. S. D. Hensley, Dr. R. L. M iller and Dr. Wm. T. Spink for helpful sug­ gestions offered during the course of these investigations and for their criticism of the manuscript. Special appreciation is expressed to Dr. J. H. Roberts and Dr. J. P. Woodring for their assistance in making drawings and photographic work, and to Dr. C. A. Brown for assistance with identification of plants. The w riter is very grateful to Mr. E. J. Concienne for help in collecting insect specimens from different parts of the state, and to Mrs. E. J. Poirier for the excellent job of typing this dissertation. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................... i i TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... v LIST OF PLA TES ..................................................................................................................v i i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION . 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS...........................................................................................................14 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Chaetotaxy of Diatraea saccharalis Larvae .... 21 Morphological Variation in Diatraea saccharalis . 25 L a r v a e .................................................................................................................... 25 P u p a e ......................................................................................................... 28 A d u lts ...........................................................................................................36 Physiological Variation in Diatraea saccharalis . 38 Comparative Morphology of Species Studied .... 38 E ggs..............................................................................................................................38 L arv ae .................................................................................................40 Pupae ............ 45 A d u l t s ............................................................................................... 47 Keys for Identification of Pyralid Stem Borers . 50 i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Page Mature Larvae 50 Pupae ....................................................................................... 52 A d u l t s ....................................................................................................................53 D IS C U S S IO N ..............................................................................................................................56 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 61 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 65 APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................... 71 BIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................................87 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Page I. Systems of nomenclature proposed by different workers for setae on the head of Lepidopterous larvae . 7 II. Systems of nomenclature proposed by different workers for setae on the thorax and abdomen of Lepidopterous larvae ............................................................................. 9 III. Host plants, localities and dates of collection of different species of Pyralid larvae, Louisiana, 1960-1961 .......................................................................................................... 15 IV. Names assigned to body pinaculi of Diatraea saccharalis (F.) larvae .................................................................... 18 V. Number and distribution of setae and punctures on the head of typical mature Diatraea saccharalis la r v a e ..............................................................................................................................22 VI. Number and distribution of setae on the body of typical mature Diatraea saccharalis larvae . 26 VII. Number and distribution of pinaculi on the body of typical mature Diatraea saccharalis l a r v a e . ....................................................................................... 27 VIII. Percentages of setae with indicated abnormalities on 1G1 Diatraea saccharalis larvae ...........................................................29 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. IX. Percentages of pinaculi with indicated abnormalities on 181 Diatraea saccharalis larvae . X. Percentages of total setal and pinacular abnormalities for each body segment on 181 Diatraea saccharalis larvae examined ..... XI. Average weights of field-collected and laboratory-reared female Diatraea saccharalis pupae from different varieties of sugarcane . XII. Average weights of field-collected and laboratory- reared male Diatraea saccharalis pupae from different varieties of sugarcane . XIII. Survival of larvae and weights of pupae obtained by rearing 50 newly hatched Diatraea saccharalis larvae in the laboratory on the cut stems of each of six different host plants, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, May-June, 1961.......................................................... ......... XIV. Sizes of various body parts of male and female Diatraea saccharalis moths collected from a light trap at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1960-1961 . XV. Survival percentages and developmental periods for strains of Diatraea saccharalis reared in field cages on 2 different host plants, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962 ................................................ Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF PLATES Page I. Arrangement of setae on head and crochets on 71 abdominal prolegs of several species of Pyralid larvae. ....................................................................................... II. Setal maps of body segments of D. saccharalis 72 la r v a e . ..................................................... ...... III. Pinacular maps of body segments of D. saccharalis 73 larvae. ....................................................................................... IV. Variations in the shape of mandibles encountered 74 among D. saccharalis larvae showing different degrees of erosion of dentes .........................................................
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