Zeichensätze Und Unicode
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ISO Basic Latin Alphabet
ISO basic Latin alphabet The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in[1] various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. The two sets contain the following 26 letters each:[1][2] ISO basic Latin alphabet Uppercase Latin A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z alphabet Lowercase Latin a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z alphabet Contents History Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters Names for the two subsets Names for the letters Timeline for encoding standards Timeline for widely used computer codes supporting the alphabet Representation Usage Alphabets containing the same set of letters Column numbering See also References History By the 1960s it became apparent to thecomputer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) encapsulated the Latin script in their (ISO/IEC 646) 7-bit character-encoding standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. The standard was based on the already published American Standard Code for Information Interchange, better known as ASCII, which included in the character set the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet. Later standards issued by the ISO, for example ISO/IEC 8859 (8-bit character encoding) and ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Latin), have continued to define the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet as the basic Latin script with extensions to handle other letters in other languages.[1] Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters The Unicode block that contains the alphabet is called "C0 Controls and Basic Latin". -
Unicode and Code Page Support
Natural for Mainframes Unicode and Code Page Support Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes October 2009 This document applies to Natural Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes and to all subsequent releases. Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions. Copyright © Software AG 1979-2009. All rights reserved. The name Software AG, webMethods and all Software AG product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Software AG and/or Software AG USA, Inc. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1 Unicode and Code Page Support .................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 About Code Pages and Unicode ................................................................................ 4 About Unicode and Code Page Support in Natural .................................................. 5 ICU on Mainframe Platforms ..................................................................................... 6 3 Unicode and Code Page Support in the Natural Programming Language .................... 7 Natural Data Format U for Unicode-Based Data ....................................................... 8 Statements .................................................................................................................. 9 Logical -
HAIL: an Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Computer Science and Engineering Research Computer Science and Engineering Report Number: WUCSE-2006-36 2006-01-01 HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006 Charles M. Kastner This thesis examines in detail the Hardware-Accelerated Identification of Languages (HAIL) project. The goal of HAIL is to provide an accurate means to identify the language and encoding used in streaming content, such as documents passed over a high-speed network. HAIL has been implemented on the Field-programmable Port eXtender (FPX), an open hardware platform developed at Washington University in St. Louis. HAIL can accurately identify the primary languages and encodings used in text at rates much higher than what can be achieved by software algorithms running on microprocessors. Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cse_research Part of the Computer Engineering Commons, and the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Kastner, Charles M., " HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006" Report Number: WUCSE-2006-36 (2006). All Computer Science and Engineering Research. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cse_research/187 Department of Computer Science & Engineering - Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 - St. Louis, MO - 63130 - ph: (314) 935-6160. Department of Computer Science & Engineering 2006-36 HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006 Authors: Charles M. Kastner Corresponding Author: [email protected] Web Page: http://www.arl.wustl.edu/projects/fpx/reconfig.htm Abstract: This thesis examines in detail the Hardware-Accelerated Identification of Languages (HAIL) project. -
SAS 9.3 UTF-8 Encoding Support and Related Issue Troubleshooting
SAS 9.3 UTF-8 Encoding Support and Related Issue Troubleshooting Jason (Jianduan) Liang SAS certified: Platform Administrator, Advanced Programmer for SAS 9 Agenda Introduction UTF-8 and other encodings SAS options for encoding and configuration Other Considerations for UTF-8 data Encoding issues troubleshooting techniques (tips) Introduction What is UTF-8? . A character encoding capable of encoding all possible characters Why UTF-8? . Dominant encoding of the www (86.5%) SAS system options for encoding . Encoding – instructs SAS how to read, process and store data . Locale - instructs SAS how to present or display currency, date and time, set timezone values UTF-8 and other Encodings ASSCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) . 7-bit . 128 - character set . Examples (code point-char-hex): 32-Space-20; 63-?-3F; 64-@-40; 65-A-41 UTF-8 and other Encodings ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) for Western European languages Windows-1252 (Latin-1) for Western European languages . 8-bit (1 byte, 256 character set) . Identical to asscii for the first 128 chars . Extended ascii chars examples: . 155-£-A3; 161- ©-A9 . SAS option encoding value: wlatin1 (latin1) UTF-8 and other Encodings UTF-8 and other Encodings Problems . Only covers English and Western Europe languages, ISO-8859-2, …15 . Multiple encoding is required to support national languages . Same character encoded differently, same code point represents different chars Unicode . Unicode – assign a unique code/number to every possible character of all languages . Examples of unicode points: o U+0020 – Space U+0041 – A o U+00A9 - © U+C3BF - ÿ UTF-8 and other Encodings UTF-8 . -
Vntex — Typesetting Vietnamese Hàn Thế Thành Reinhard Kotucha
VnTEX — Typesetting Vietnamese Hàn Thế Thành Reinhard Kotucha Abstract VnTEX is an extension to Donald Knuth’s TEX typesetting system which provides support for typesetting Vietnamese. The primary site of VnTEX is http://vntex.sf.net. 1 Where to get Help The current maintainers of VnTEX are: I Hàn Thế Thành [email protected] I Reinhard Kotucha [email protected] I Werner Lemberg [email protected] There is a mailing list (very low traffic) for questions about VnTEX and typesetting Vietnamese. To subscribe to the list, visit: http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/vntex-users There is also a Wiki: http://vntex.info 2 Related Documents The following files are part of the VnTEX distribution I Hàn Thế Thành, Hỗ trợ tiếng Việt cho TEX I Hàn Thế Thành, Minimal steps to typeset Vietnamese I Hàn Thế Thành và Thái Phú Khánh Hòa, Dùng font với VnTEX The following files are not part of VnTEX but might be part of the TEX distribution you are using. I The American Mathematical Society, Hướng dẫn sử dụng gói amsmath, http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/amslatex/vietnamese/amsldoc-vi.pdf http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/amslatex/vietnamese/amsldoc-print-vi.pdf I H. Partl, E. Schlegl, I. Hyna, T. Oetiker, Một tài liệu ngắn gọn giới thiệu về LATEX 2", Translated by Nguyễn Tân Khoa. http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/vietnamese/lshort-vi.pdf I Wolfgang May, Andreas Schlechte, Mở rộng môi trường định lý. Translated by Huỳnh Kỳ Anh. http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/translations/vn/ntheorem-doc-vn.pdf 1 3 Typesetting Vietnamese In order to typeset Vietnamese, you need a text editor which supports Vietnamese. -
Basis Technology Unicode対応ライブラリ スペックシート 文字コード その他の名称 Adobe-Standard-Encoding A
Basis Technology Unicode対応ライブラリ スペックシート 文字コード その他の名称 Adobe-Standard-Encoding Adobe-Symbol-Encoding csHPPSMath Adobe-Zapf-Dingbats-Encoding csZapfDingbats Arabic ISO-8859-6, csISOLatinArabic, iso-ir-127, ECMA-114, ASMO-708 ASCII US-ASCII, ANSI_X3.4-1968, iso-ir-6, ANSI_X3.4-1986, ISO646-US, us, IBM367, csASCI big-endian ISO-10646-UCS-2, BigEndian, 68k, PowerPC, Mac, Macintosh Big5 csBig5, cn-big5, x-x-big5 Big5Plus Big5+, csBig5Plus BMP ISO-10646-UCS-2, BMPstring CCSID-1027 csCCSID1027, IBM1027 CCSID-1047 csCCSID1047, IBM1047 CCSID-290 csCCSID290, CCSID290, IBM290 CCSID-300 csCCSID300, CCSID300, IBM300 CCSID-930 csCCSID930, CCSID930, IBM930 CCSID-935 csCCSID935, CCSID935, IBM935 CCSID-937 csCCSID937, CCSID937, IBM937 CCSID-939 csCCSID939, CCSID939, IBM939 CCSID-942 csCCSID942, CCSID942, IBM942 ChineseAutoDetect csChineseAutoDetect: Candidate encodings: GB2312, Big5, GB18030, UTF32:UTF8, UCS2, UTF32 EUC-H, csCNS11643EUC, EUC-TW, TW-EUC, H-EUC, CNS-11643-1992, EUC-H-1992, csCNS11643-1992-EUC, EUC-TW-1992, CNS-11643 TW-EUC-1992, H-EUC-1992 CNS-11643-1986 EUC-H-1986, csCNS11643_1986_EUC, EUC-TW-1986, TW-EUC-1986, H-EUC-1986 CP10000 csCP10000, windows-10000 CP10001 csCP10001, windows-10001 CP10002 csCP10002, windows-10002 CP10003 csCP10003, windows-10003 CP10004 csCP10004, windows-10004 CP10005 csCP10005, windows-10005 CP10006 csCP10006, windows-10006 CP10007 csCP10007, windows-10007 CP10008 csCP10008, windows-10008 CP10010 csCP10010, windows-10010 CP10017 csCP10017, windows-10017 CP10029 csCP10029, windows-10029 CP10079 csCP10079, windows-10079 -
JS Character Encodings
JS � Character Encodings Anna Henningsen · @addaleax · she/her 1 It’s good to be back! 2 ??? https://travis-ci.org/node-ffi-napi/get-symbol-from-current-process-h/jobs/641550176 3 So … what’s a character encoding? People are good with text, computers are good with numbers Text List of characters “Encoding” List of bytes List of integers 4 So … what’s a character encoding? People are good with text, computers are good with numbers Hello [‘H’,’e’,’l’,’l’,’o’] 68 65 6c 6c 6f [72, 101, 108, 108, 111] 5 So … what’s a character encoding? People are good with text, computers are good with numbers 你好! [‘你’,’好’] ??? ??? 6 ASCII 0 0x00 <NUL> … … … 65 0x41 A 66 0x42 B 67 0x43 C … … … 97 0x61 a 98 0x62 b … … … 127 0x7F <DEL> 7 ASCII ● 7-bit ● Covers most English-language use cases ● … and that’s pretty much it 8 ISO-8859-*, Windows code pages ● Idea: Usually, transmission has 8 bit per byte available, so create ASCII-extending charsets for more languages ISO-8859-1 (Western) ISO-8859-5 (Cyrillic) Windows-1251 (Cyrillic) (aka Latin-1) … … … … 0xD0 Ð а Р 0xD1 Ñ б С 0xD2 Ò в Т … … … … 9 GBK ● Idea: Also extend ASCII, but use 2-byte for Chinese characters … … 0x41 A 0x42 B … … 0xC4 0xE3 你 0xC4 0xE4 匿 … … 10 https://xkcd.com/927/ 11 Unicode: Multiple encodings! 4d c3 bc 6c 6c (UTF-8) U+004D M “Müll” U+00FC ü 4d 00 fc 00 6c 00 6c 00 (UTF-16LE) U+006C l U+006C l 00 4d 00 fc 00 6c 00 6c (UTF-16BE) 12 Unicode ● New idea: Don’t create a gazillion charsets, and drop 1-byte/2-byte restriction ● Shared character set for multiple encodings: U+XXXX with 4 hex digits, e.g. -
CONTENTS 1. Introduction...1 2. RPL Principles
CONTENTS 1. Introduction...................................... 1 2. RPL Principles.................................... 2 2.1 Origins..................................... 2 2.2 Mathematical Control........................ 3 2.3 Formal Definitions ......................... 5 2.4 Execution................................... 6 2.4.1 EVAL............................... 8 2.4.2 Data Class Objects................. 9 2.4.3 Identifier Class Objects........... 9 2.4.4 Procedure Class Objects............ 10 2.4.5 Object Skipover and SEMI........... 10 2.4.6 RPL Pointers....................... 11 2.5 Memory Management........................... 11 2.6 User RPL and System RPL..................... 13 2.7 Programming in System RPL................... 14 2.8 Sample RPL Program.......................... 16 2.8.1 The Source File.................... 16 2.8.2 Compiling the Program.............. 18 3. Object Structures................................. 19 3.1 Object Types................................ 19 3.1.1 Identifier Object.................. 19 3.1.2 Temporary Identifier Object........ 19 3.1.3 ROM Pointer Object................. 20 3.1.4 Binary Integer Object.............. 20 3.1.5 Real Number Object................. 20 3.1.6 Extended Real Number Object........ 21 3.1.7 Complex Number Object.............. 22 3.1.8 Extended Complex Number Object............................. 22 3.1.9 Array Object....................... 23 3.1.10 Linked Array Object................ 23 3.1.11 Character String Object............ 25 3.1.12 Hex String Object.................. 25 3.1.13 Character Object................... 25 3.1.14 Unit Object........................ 26 3.1.15 Code Object........................ 26 3.1.16 Primitive Code Object.............. 27 3.1.17 Program Object..................... 27 3.1.18 List Object........................ 28 3.1.19 Symbolic Object.................... 28 3.1.20 Directory Object................... 29 3.1.21 Graphics Object.................... 29 3.2 Terminology and Abbreviations............... 30 4. -
Unicode Compression: Does Size Really Matter? TR CS-2002-11
Unicode Compression: Does Size Really Matter? TR CS-2002-11 Steve Atkin IBM Globalization Center of Competency International Business Machines Austin, Texas USA 78758 [email protected] Ryan Stansifer Department of Computer Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, Florida USA 32901 [email protected] July 2003 Abstract The Unicode standard provides several algorithms, techniques, and strategies for assigning, transmitting, and compressing Unicode characters. These techniques allow Unicode data to be represented in a concise format in several contexts. In this paper we examine several techniques and strategies for compressing Unicode data using the programs gzip and bzip. Unicode compression algorithms known as SCSU and BOCU are also examined. As far as size is concerned, algorithms designed specifically for Unicode may not be necessary. 1 Introduction Characters these days are more than one 8-bit byte. Hence, many are concerned about the space text files use, even in an age of cheap storage. Will storing and transmitting Unicode [18] take a lot more space? In this paper we ask how compression affects Unicode and how Unicode affects compression. 1 Unicode is used to encode natural-language text as opposed to programs or binary data. Just what is natural-language text? The question seems simple, yet there are complications. In the information age we are accustomed to discretization of all kinds: music with, for instance, MP3; and pictures with, for instance, JPG. Also, a vast amount of text is stored and transmitted digitally. Yet discretizing text is not generally considered much of a problem. This may be because the En- glish language, western society, and computer technology all evolved relatively smoothly together. -
Unicode Unicode
You are at: ALA.org » PLA » Professional Tools » PLA Tech Notes » Unicode Unicode By Richard W. Boss Unicode is an international character-encoding standard designed to support the electronic exchange, processing, storage, and display of the written texts of all of the world’s languages and scripts, including scientific, mathematical, and technical symbols. Unicode is an encoding standard, not a software program or a font. The standard is independent of operating systems, programming languages, database management systems, and hardware platforms. Before Unicode, there were hundreds of different encoding schemes; no single one could contain enough characters. The European Union alone required several for its languages. The Importance of Unicode for Libraries While academic libraries have had holdings in a number of languages and scripts for many decades, public libraries—as the result of the increasingly diverse communities that they serve-- have begun to purchase books in a wide variety of languages and scripts. There is hardly a metropolitan area in North America that does not have immigrants from a score of countries. Even public libraries in small communities are serving an increasing number of people for whom English is not their primary language. Unicode is also important for resource sharing. Libraries need to be able to borrow or lend materials in a wide variety of languages and scripts on behalf of patrons who cannot find what they need in their own libraries. The ability to send and receive bibliographic information among Unicode-conforming libraries is a major breakthrough. Even libraries that have no interest in Unicode for themselves should appreciate the fact that vendors of integrated library systems and other information technologies that support Unicode are able to market their products globally, therefore, strengthening them financially and making it possible to maintain aggressive product development programs. -
Package 'Fontmplus'
Package ‘fontMPlus’ February 27, 2017 Title Additional 'ggplot2' Themes Using 'M+' Fonts Version 0.1.1 Description Provides 'ggplot2' themes based on the 'M+' fonts. The 'M+' fonts are a font family under a free license. The font family provides multilingual glyphs. The fonts provide 'Kana', over 5,000 'Kanji', Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A, and 'IPA' Extensions glyphs. Most of the Greek, Cyrillic, Vietnamese, and extended glyphs and symbols are included too. So the fonts are in conformity with ISO-8859-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, Windows-1252, T1, and VISCII encoding. More information about the fonts can be found at <http://mplus-fonts.osdn.jp/about-en.html>. Depends R (>= 3.0.0) License MIT + file LICENSE Encoding UTF-8 LazyData true RoxygenNote 6.0.1 Imports hrbrthemes, extrafont, ggplot2 Suggests stringr, knitr, rmarkdown URL https://github.com/bhaskarvk/fontMPlus BugReports https://github.com/bhaskarvk/fontMPlus/issues VignetteBuilder knitr NeedsCompilation no Author Bhaskar Karambelkar [aut, cre], MPlus [cph] Maintainer Bhaskar Karambelkar <[email protected]> Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2017-02-27 08:15:30 1 2 fontMPlus R topics documented: fontMPlus . .2 import_mplus . .3 mplus.fontfamilies . .3 mplus.fonttable . .4 theme_ipsum_mplus_c1 . .4 theme_ipsum_mplus_c2 . .6 theme_ipsum_mplus_m1 . .7 theme_ipsum_mplus_m2 . .9 theme_ipsum_mplus_mn1 . 10 theme_ipsum_mplus_p1 . 12 theme_ipsum_mplus_p2 . 14 Index 16 fontMPlus Additional ggplot2 themes using M+ fonts. Description This is an add-on pacakge for hrbrthemes pacakge. It provides seven ggplot2 themes based on M+ fonts. M+ FONTS The M+ FONTS are a font family under the Free license. You can use, copy, and distribute them, with or without modification, either commercially or noncommercially. -
Windows NLS Considerations Version 2.1
Windows NLS Considerations version 2.1 Radoslav Rusinov [email protected] Windows NLS Considerations Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Windows and Code Pages .................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. CharacterSet ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3. Encoding Scheme ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4. Fonts ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. So Why Are There Different Charactersets? ........................................................................................ 4 1.6. What are the Difference Between 7 bit, 8 bit and Unicode Charactersets? ........................................... 4 2. NLS_LANG .............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Setting the Character Set in NLS_LANG ............................................................................................ 4 2.2. Where is the Character Conversion Done? .........................................................................................