DOCSLIB.ORG

Personalized Bundle Recommendation in Online Games

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Personalized Bundle Recommendation in Online Games Personalized Bundle Recommendation in Online Games Qilin Deng Kai Wang Minghao Zhao Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Zhene Zou Runze Wu Jianrong Tao Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Changjie Fan Liang Chen Fuxi AI Lab, NetEase Games Sun Yat-Sen University Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Guangzhou, Guangdong, China [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT ACM Reference Format: In business domains, bundling is one of the most important market- Qilin Deng, Kai Wang, Minghao Zhao, Zhene Zou, Runze Wu, Jianrong Tao, ing strategies to conduct product promotions, which is commonly Changjie Fan, and Liang Chen. 2020. Personalized Bundle Recommendation in Online Games. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference used in online e-commerce and offline retailers. Existing recom- on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM ’20), October 19–23, 2020, mender systems mostly focus on recommending individual items Virtual Event, Ireland. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/ that users may be interested in. In this paper, we target at a practical 10.1145/3340531.3412734 but less explored recommendation problem named bundle recom- mendation, which aims to offer a combination of items to users. To 1 INTRODUCTION tackle this specific recommendation problem in the context of the Recommender system, which is an effective tool to alleviate the virtual mall in online games, we formalize it as a link prediction information overload, is widely used in modern e-commerce web- problem on a user-item-bundle tripartite graph constructed from sites and online service business, e.g., Amazon, Taobao, Netflix. The the historical interactions, and solve it with a neural network model basic goal of a recommender system is to find potentially interest- that can learn directly on the graph-structure data. Extensive ex- ing items for a user. Existing recommender systems mostly focus periments on three public datasets and one industrial game dataset on recommending individual items to users, such as the extensive demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Further, the efforts on collaborative filtering that directly models the interaction bundle recommendation model has been deployed in production for between users and items. more than one year in a popular online game developed by Netease Games, and the launch of the model yields more than 60% improve- ment on conversion rate of bundles, and a relative improvement of more than 15% on gross merchandise volume (GMV). Included three items CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems ! Learning to rank; Recommender systems. Discounted price arXiv:2104.05307v1 [cs.IR] 12 Apr 2021 KEYWORDS recommender system; bundle recommendation; neural networks; deep learning; graph neural networks; link prediction Figure 1: The Bundle GUI in the Game Love is Justice. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed In addition to consuming items individually, bundles are also for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation ubiquitous in real-world scenarios. A bundle is a collection of items on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM (products or services) consumed as a whole, and it usually reflects must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a the frequent items which are appealing to most customers. In tra- fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. ditional business domains, e.g., supermarkets and offline retailers, CIKM ’20, October 19–23, 2020, Virtual Event, Ireland it often takes bundling as a critical marketing strategy to attract © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-6859-9/20/10...$15.00 customers and increase sales revenue. Moreover, the combination of https://doi.org/10.1145/3340531.3412734 items are especially ubiquitous on online service platforms, e.g., the music playlist on Spotify, the book lists on GoodReads, the boards 풖ퟏ 풖ퟐ 풖ퟑ of pins on Pinterest, and the game bundles on Steam. In Figure 1, we show the bundle recommendation scenario in the online game Love is Justice1, a popular mobile game developed by Netease Games2, where users could impersonate specific roles and experience beautiful antique scenes and romantic plots, and their purchase and behavior data are extensively tracked by the game server. Here, we give some brief introductions to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) involved in this study. Once the user enters 풃ퟏ 풃ퟐ 풃ퟑ 풃ퟒ the homepage of the game interface (shown in the figure), the system will occasionally pop up a personalized discount bundle to Figure 2: A toy example of a user-bundle bipartite graph attract the user, or the user himself can check the discount bundle with edges representing observed user-bundle interactions. when he wants. In addition, the items included in the bundle can The red arrow lines denote message passing paths. also be purchased separately, although they are not discounted. According to our analysis of purchase statistics, more than 65% of game revenue comes from these discounted bundles, which also graph constructed from historical data, and formalize the bundle shows that it is profitable to increase the conversion rate of these recommendation problem as the link prediction problem in the tri- personalized bundles. partite graph. To alleviate the sparsity of user interactions on bun- In this paper, we address the problem of bundle recommendation dles, we integrate user-items interactions that provide additional in the context of online games, which aims to provide game players information on user interests. To account for the compositional with the pre-defined bundles (combination of items) they are most similarity between bundles, we derive the bundle representation likely to be interested in. Intuitively, this particular recommendation by aggregating the item representations, which provides a natural problem can be solved by treating bundles as "items" and then good generalization ability over different bundles. We also model using traditional recommendation algorithms such as collaborative the correlation between bundle items in the form of learnable trans- filtering. However, such straightforward solutions do not work well formation parameters. Finally, we unify these improvements in to capture user preference over bundles due to the following three our proposed framework named BundleNet, and the multi-layer difficulties: message passing structure can capture the high-order and multi- • Data sparsity and cold-start. Compared with user-item in- path interactions over the user-item-bundle tripartite graph. As teractions, user-bundle interactions are usually more sparse shown in Figure 2, bundle 13 can reach user D1 through the path due to the exponential combination characteristics of bun- 13 ! D2 ! 11 ! D1, and similar for bundle 14. Moreover, com- dles and limited exposure resources. And only if the user is pared with 13, 14 is a more reliable recommendation for D1, since satisfied with the item combination or the discounted price intuitively there is only one path existing between D1 and 13, while is attractive, the user will have a strong willingness to buy two paths connecting D1 to 14. Overall, the main contributions of the bundles rather than individual items, which makes the this paper are summarized as follows: user-bundle interaction data appear more sparse. • We explore the promising yet challenging problem of bundle • Generalization over bundles. Previous item recommenda- recommendation in the context of online games, and provide tion algorithms may rely on item-level content features (e.g., a practical case for the application of deep learning methods category and brand in e-commerce), and user-item collabora- in the industry. tive relationships. However, there is usually no informative • We employ a differentiable message passing framework to bundle-level content features in the bundle recommendation effectively capture the user preferences for bundles, which scenario. This makes it difficult to provide the model’s gen- can incorporate the intermediate role of items between users eralization ability in bundle preference prediction through a and bundles on the user-item-bundle tripartite graph. content-based model. • Extensive offline experiments on both in-game and other real- • Correlation within the bundles. The items within the world datasets are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the bundle are usually highly correlated and compatible. Com- proposed model. Further, we deploy the whole framework pared to typical item recommendation, the bundle recom- online and demonstrate its effective performance through mendation problem is more complex considering that the online A/B Testing. user-bundle preference is a nontrivial combination of user- item preference. And directly modeling the interaction effect 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Article
    International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2016) Ancient Emaki "Genesis" Exploration and Practice of Emaki Art Expression Tong Zhang Digital Media and Design Arts College Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, China 100876 Abstract—The ancient myths and legends with distinctive generation creators such as A Gen, sheep and others, and a Chinese characteristics, refers to myths and legends from dedicated serial picture book magazine "Paint Heart", Chinese Xia Dynasty until ancient times, it carries the origin of "STORY" appears, the delicate picture and vivid story make Chinese culture and it is the foundation of the Chinese nation, it Chinese picture book also developing rapidly and has formed a influence the formation and its characteristics of the national national reading faction craze for outstanding picture books. spirit to a large extent. The study explore and practice the art expression which combines ancient culture with full visual 1) Picture book traced back to ancient Chinese Emaki: impact Emaki form, learn traditional Chinese painting China has experienced a few stages include ancient Emaki, techniques and design elements, and strive to make a perfect illustrated book in Republican period and modern picture performance for the magnificent majestic ancient myth with a books. "Picture book", although the term originated in Japan, long Emaki. It provides a fresh visual experience to the readers and promotes the Chinese traditional culture, with a certain but early traceable picture books is in China. In Heian research value. Kamakura Period Japanese brought Buddhist scriptures (Variable graph), Emaki (Lotus Sutra) and other religious Keywords—ancient myths; Emaki form; Chinese element Scriptures as picture books back to Japan, until the end of Middle Ages Emaki had developed into Nara picture books.
    [Show full text]
  • Yin-Yang, the Five Phases (Wu-Xing), and the Yijing 陰陽 / 五行 / 易經
    Yin-yang, the Five Phases (wu-xing), and the Yijing 陰陽 / 五行 / 易經 In the Yijing, yang is represented by a solid line ( ) and yin by a broken line ( ); these are called the "Two Modes" (liang yi 兩義). The figure above depicts the yin-yang cycle mapped as a day. This can be divided into four stages, each corresponding to one of the "Four Images" (si xiang 四象) of the Yijing: 1. young yang (in this case midnight to 6 a.m.): unchanging yang 2. mature yang (6 a.m. to noon): changing yang 3. young yin (noon to 6 p.m.): unchanging yin 4. mature yin (6 p.m. to midnight): changing yin These four stages of changes in turn correspond to four of the Five Phases (wu xing), with the fifth one (earth) corresponding to the perfect balance of yin and yang: | yang | yin | | fire | water | Mature| |earth | | | wood | metal | Young | | | Combining the above two patterns yields the "generating cycle" (below left) of the Five Phases: Combining yin and yang in three-line diagrams yields the "Eight Trigrams" (ba gua 八卦) of the Yijing: Qian Dui Li Zhen Sun Kan Gen Kun (Heaven) (Lake) (Fire) (Thunder) (Wind) (Water) (Mountain) (Earth) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Eight Trigrams can also be mapped against the yin-yang cycle, represented below as the famous Taiji (Supreme Polarity) Diagram (taijitu 太極圖): This also reflects a binary numbering system. If the solid (yang) line is assigned the value of 0 and the broken (yin) line is 1, the Eight Trigram can be arranged to represent the numbers 0 through 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs Into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2019.7.2.47-86 47 Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8 ∗∗ Nataša VAMPELJ SUHADOLNIK 9 Abstract This paper examines the ways in which Fuxi and Nüwa were depicted inside the mu- ral tombs of the Wei-Jin dynasties along the Hexi Corridor as compared to their Han counterparts from the Central Plains. Pursuing typological, stylistic, and iconographic approaches, it investigates how the western periphery inherited the knowledge of the divine pair and further discusses the transition of the iconographic and stylistic design of both deities from the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) to the Wei and Western Jin dynasties (220–316). Furthermore, examining the origins of the migrants on the basis of historical records, it also attempts to discuss the possible regional connections and migration from different parts of the Chinese central territory to the western periphery. On the basis of these approaches, it reveals that the depiction of Fuxi and Nüwa in Gansu area was modelled on the Shandong regional pattern and further evolved into a unique pattern formed by an iconographic conglomeration of all attributes and other physical characteristics. Accordingly, the Shandong region style not only spread to surrounding areas in the central Chinese territory but even to the more remote border regions, where it became the model for funerary art motifs. Key Words: Fuxi, Nüwa, the sun, the moon, a try square, a pair of compasses, Han Dynasty, Wei-Jin period, Shandong, migration Prenos slikovnih motivov na zahodno periferijo: Fuxi in Nüwa v grobnicah s poslikavo iz obdobja Wei Jin na območju prehoda Hexi Izvleček Pričujoči prispevek v primerjalni perspektivi obravnava upodobitev Fuxija in Nüwe v grobnicah s poslikavo iz časa dinastij Wei in Zahodni Jin (220–316) iz province Gansu * The author acknowledges the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) in the framework of the research core funding Asian languages and Cultures (P6-0243).
    [Show full text]
  • The Heritage of Non-Theistic Belief in China
    The Heritage of Non-theistic Belief in China Joseph A. Adler Kenyon College Presented to the international conference, "Toward a Reasonable World: The Heritage of Western Humanism, Skepticism, and Freethought" (San Diego, September 2011) Naturalism and humanism have long histories in China, side-by-side with a long history of theistic belief. In this paper I will first sketch the early naturalistic and humanistic traditions in Chinese thought. I will then focus on the synthesis of these perspectives in Neo-Confucian religious thought. I will argue that these forms of non-theistic belief should be considered aspects of Chinese religion, not a separate realm of philosophy. Confucianism, in other words, is a fully religious humanism, not a "secular humanism." The religion of China has traditionally been characterized as having three major strands, the "three religions" (literally "three teachings" or san jiao) of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Buddhism, of course, originated in India in the 5th century BCE and first began to take root in China in the 1st century CE, so in terms of early Chinese thought it is something of a latecomer. Confucianism and Daoism began to take shape between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. But these traditions developed in the context of Chinese "popular religion" (also called folk religion or local religion), which may be considered a fourth strand of Chinese religion. And until the early 20th century there was yet a fifth: state religion, or the "state cult," which had close relations very early with both Daoism and Confucianism, but after the 2nd century BCE became associated primarily (but loosely) with Confucianism.
    [Show full text]
  • Terms and Expressions
    1 TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS an (at peace, security, settled) 安 an (case, record, table) 案 ba chungua 八純卦 bagong 八宮 bagong gua 八宮卦 bagua 八卦 Bagua fangwei tu 八卦方位圖 bagua xiangzuo zhi yong 八卦相錯之用 Bagua zhang 八卦掌 bagua zhi gong 八卦之宮 banxiang 半象 bao gua (aka baoti) 包卦 baoti 包體 bazi 八字 bei (back) 背 bei (north) 北 ben 本 bengua 本卦 benwen 本文 bi 比 bian 變 bianben jiali 變本加厲 biangua 變卦 bianhua (change) 變化 bianhua zhi dao 變化之道 bianli 變例 bianyao 變爻 bianyi (change) 變易 bianyi (distinguishing the doubtful) 辨疑 bieji 別集 bigua 辟卦 (aka jungua) biji 筆記 bili 比例 bingzhan 兵占 Bo (Earl) 伯 boza 駁雜 bu (divine) 卜 bu dangwei 不當位 buli 不利 2 bu qie shi 不切事 bu zhu yi shuo 不主一說 buce 不測 bujing 卜經 buling 不靈 busheng 不生 bushi 卜筮 bushi qi zheng 不失其正 bushi zhi shu 卜筮之數 bushou 部首 butan 不談 buyi 不易 buzhen 不真 cai (talent) 才 cai (material) 材 caizi jiaren 才子佳人 cangwang 藏往 Canlong 蒼龍 ce (fathomings) 測 ce (pained) 惻 cezi 測字 cha (discrepancies) 差 cha (examine) 察 chaizi 拆字 chalai 察來 Chan (Buddhism) 禪 chan (meditation) 禪 chang 場 changyan (usual talk) 常言 chanwei (see chenwei) chen (zodiacal space) 辰 cheng (sincerity) 誠 chengfang 乘方 chenwei 讖緯 chenwei zhi shuo 讖緯之説 chenyao 讖謠 chi 尺 chu 出 chuan (tradition) 傳 chuilian tingzheng 垂簾聽政 chulei 觸纇 3 chun (pure) 純 (also 醇 and 淳) chun (spring) 春 chun shi 醇實 chun shi buzhi 淳實不支 chungua 純卦 chunzheng 醇正 ci 辭 cili 辭例 cun (inch) 寸 cunmu 存目 cunwang 存亡 cuogua 錯卦 cuozong 錯綜 cuozong qi shu 錯綜其數 dacheng 大成 dafu (grand masters) 大夫 Dahe 大和 dangwei 當位 danjue 丹訣 dantian 丹田 Dao 道 Daojia lei 道家纇 Daoqi 道器 Daozang 道藏 daren 大人 dashi 達識 datong 大通 Daxian xu Yi 大賢需易 daxiang
    [Show full text]
  • Indo-Europeans in the Ancient Yellow River Valley
    SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 311 April, 2021 Indo-Europeans in the Ancient Yellow River Valley by Shaun C. R. Ramsden Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out for peer review, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of Chinese Mythology TITLES in ABC-CLIO’S Handbooks of World Mythology
    Handbook of Chinese Mythology TITLES IN ABC-CLIO’s Handbooks of World Mythology Handbook of Arab Mythology, Hasan El-Shamy Handbook of Celtic Mythology, Joseph Falaky Nagy Handbook of Classical Mythology, William Hansen Handbook of Egyptian Mythology, Geraldine Pinch Handbook of Hindu Mythology, George Williams Handbook of Inca Mythology, Catherine Allen Handbook of Japanese Mythology, Michael Ashkenazi Handbook of Native American Mythology, Dawn Bastian and Judy Mitchell Handbook of Norse Mythology, John Lindow Handbook of Polynesian Mythology, Robert D. Craig HANDBOOKS OF WORLD MYTHOLOGY Handbook of Chinese Mythology Lihui Yang and Deming An, with Jessica Anderson Turner Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright © 2005 by Lihui Yang and Deming An All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yang, Lihui. Handbook of Chinese mythology / Lihui Yang and Deming An, with Jessica Anderson Turner. p. cm. — (World mythology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57607-806-X (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-57607-807-8 (eBook) 1. Mythology, Chinese—Handbooks, Manuals, etc. I. An, Deming. II. Title. III. Series. BL1825.Y355 2005 299.5’1113—dc22 2005013851 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metaphysical Symbolism of the Chinese Tortoise
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The metaphysical symbolism of the chinese tortoise Chong, Alan Wei Lun 2018 Chong, A. W. L. (2018). The metaphysical symbolism of the chinese tortoise. Master's thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. http://hdl.handle.net/10356/73204 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/73204 Downloaded on 10 Oct 2021 09:40:57 SGT THE METAPHYSICAL SYMBOLISM OF THE CHINESE TORTOISE THE METAPHYSICAL SYMBOLISM THE METAPHYSICAL OF THE CHINESE TORTOISE CHONG WEI LUN ALAN CHONG WEI LUN, ALAN CHONG WEI LUN, SCHOOL OF ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA 2018 A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts (Research) Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to Nanyang Technological University, School of Art, Design and Media for believing in me and granting me the scholarship for my Masters research. I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Nanci Takeyama of the School of Art, Design and Media, College of Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences at Nanyang Technological University. The door to Prof. Takeyama office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or writing. Her valuable advice and exceeding patience has steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. I would like to acknowledge Dr. Sujatha Meegama of the School of Art, Design and Media, Nanyang Technological University for advising in my report, and I am gratefully indebted to her for her valuable input for my research process.
    [Show full text]
  • Time in Daoist Practice
    Time in Daoist Practice Cultivation and Calculation edited by Livia Kohn Three Pines Press www.threepinespress.com © 2021 by Three Pines Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America This edition is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standard Institute Z39.48 Standard. Distributed in the United States by Three Pines Press. Cover Art: “Measuring Flow: Clock over Yin-Yang.” Design by Breant Cochran. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kohn, Livia, 1956- editor. Title: Time in Daoist practice : cultivation and calculation / edited by Livia Kohn. Description: St Petersburg : Three Pines Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021011151 | ISBN 9781931483490 (acid-free paper) Subjects: LCSH: Time--Religious aspects--Taoism. Classification: LCC BL1942.85.T56 T56 2021 | DDC 299.5/142--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021011151 Contents Introduction Livia Kohn Daoist Practice and the Importance of Time 1 Setting the Theme Hervé Louchouarn Dao Defines Time and Health 17 Part One: Planetary Time Nataša Vampelj Suhadolnik Defining Time: The Codes of Yin-Yang in Han Murals 39 Bede Benjamin
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis on Chinese and Greek Mythologies
    AN ANALYSIS ON CHINESE AND GREEK MYTHOLOGIES ... PROMETHEUS, NÜWA AND GUN Yan Qiuxia Chinese and Greek mythologies, as many other mythologies in the world, are mixtures of history, legends, and myths. Although they both have been passed down in oral or written form and have developed over the ages, Greek mythology is much more organized because of The Theogony and The Works and Days by Hesiod1, while Chinese mythology is not so systematic and dispersed in a few books2, among which Shan Hai Jing3, Shui Jing Zhu4, and Huai Nan Zi5 are the important ones.6 Hei An Zhuan is also very important because it is the only collection of legends in epic form but it is not widely known because its value is not recognized until 1980s.7 So many Chinese myths exist in different versions, and often conflicting. Take the creation of the first human beings as an example. It is variously ascribed to Tiandi, Nüwa, Pangu, and Yuhuang in different stories. What I am discussing here is based on a common version which is widely spread in North China. So don’t be surprised if you come across or have come across a different version. I would compare first Prometheus and Nüwa and then Prometheus and Gun and analyze the culture reflected by their stories. Prometheus and Nüwa both are the creators of the human beings in their respective mythology. Prometheus was permitted by Zeus, who wants to express gratitude to Prometheus for helping him in the fight with the Titans, to populate the earth with humans and animals, together with his brother Epimetheus.
    [Show full text]
  • China Lesson
    China Lesson By Mark <3 and Joey Our Essential Question How does the constant separation and unification of China’s Empire reflect it’s current state of excessive, yet unsuccessful, control? The Han nationality * Han nationality is the major part of Chinese population in ancient China and modern days. (Unite 2010 Han nationality still have 91.51% of Chinese’s total population) The Han nationality was be formed long time ago. “Han” also is the name of the most famous dynasty. The Beginning of Chinese history Mythology civilization The earliest form of ancient China is. Before Xia Dynasty there aren’t too much history recorded, people use mythology to remember a lot of Chinese history. Chinese mythology is very similar to mythologies from other ancient civilization that most system are rely on each other, not only Chinese mythologies have it’s unique system, but also there are the rudiment of chinese metaphysics or superstition religion. The Beginning of Chinese history Chinese history was start from Fuxi,Shennong, Yellow Emperor . After them Shaohao became the next leader by abdication system, then Zhuanxu,Emperor Ku,Emperor Yao,Shun and Yu. Yu is the first one who choice to change abdication system to system of First Son of the Lineal Descents Inheritance . Then the Xia Dynasty begin. Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Xia Dynasty（2100BC－1600BC） 14 generations 17 kings ended by Jie . Shang Dynasty (1700BC－1100BC) Tang is the first king of Shang Dynasty, also who overthrown Xia Dynasty. 17 generations, 31kings. Ended by King Zhou. Zhou Dynasty (1100BC－256BC) The longest Dynasty in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • Giulio Aleni's Adaption and Interpretation of Chinese Confucian
    ISSN 1927-0232 [Print] Higher Education of Social Science ISSN 1927-0240 [Online] Vol. 17, No. 2, 2019, pp. 50-54 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/11568 www.cscanada.org Giulio Aleni’s Adaption and Interpretation of Chinese Confucian Culture LÜ Bianting[a],*; LIU Jianguo[a],[b]; HUANG Luyu[c] [a]Research Centre of Song History, Hebei University, Baoding, China. Lü, B. T., Liu, J. G., & Huang, L. Y. (2019). Giulio Aleni’s Adaption [b]Research Centre of Song History, Hebei University, Baoding, and Interpretation of Chinese Confucian Culture. Higher China; Foreign Languages School, Henan University of Science and Education of Social Science, 17(2), 50-54. Available from: URL: Technology, Luoyang, China. http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/hess/article/view/11568 [c] School of art, Hebei University, Baoding, China. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/11568 *Corresponding author. Received 24 September 2019; accepted 1 December 2019 Published online 26 December 2019 INTRODUCTION Giulio Aleni (1582-1649)，a Jesuit from Italy，whose Abstract Chinese name is Ai Rulue and pseudonym is Siji, arrived Giulio Aleni with the mission from Society of Jesus came at Macau after his promotion as a Roman Catholic to China for Catholic missionary work in 1610 and died priest in the year of Wanli of Ming Danasty (1610) and in Yanping Fujian Province in 1649, altogether living next year entered the Mainland. He preached in Beijing, in China for thirty-nine years. Giulio Aleni, who was Shanghai, Yangzhou, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Hangzhou etc. the most popular Catholic missionary by the literati of “Prime Minister of Ming Dynasty Ye Xianggao resigned China and was called him ‘Confucius from the West’, to go home in 1624 and passed through Hangzhou where was proficient in Chinese language, learned a lot, and visited Jules, then invited him to Fujian because of wrote many books and had a reputation in China for his amazing Aleni’s knowledge and got the promise.” (Louis, quick wit.
    [Show full text]