DOCSLIB.ORG

MICROSTRIP LINES INTRODUCTION a Planar Transmission Line Is Transmission Line with Conducting Metal Strips That Lie Entirely in Parallel Planes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MICROSTRIP LINES INTRODUCTION a Planar Transmission Line Is Transmission Line with Conducting Metal Strips That Lie Entirely in Parallel Planes MICROSTRIP LINES INTRODUCTION A planar transmission line is transmission line with conducting metal strips that lie entirely in parallel planes. Planar Transmission Line is the first step to fabrication of Microwave Integrated circuit Planar Transmission Lines are available in various configurations such as Strip Lines, Micro-Strip Lines, Slot Lines & Co-Planar Lines, fin-lines. The Dielectric Substrate should have the following General Properties Low dissipation factor Polished Surface Minimum variation of Dielectric constant, High thermal conductivity Uniformity of thickness& dimensional stability STRIP LINES The earliest form of planar transmission lines was stripline. Striplines are essentially modifications of the two wire lines and coaxial lines. It consists of a strip conductor entered between two parallel ground planes with two equal slabs of a dielectric, ferrite, or semiconductor medium separating the center conductor from the ground planes. Usually, the medium is a solid material, but in some applications air is the actual dielectric used. The advantages of striplines are good electromagnetic shielding and low attenuation losses, which make them suitable for high-quality factor (Q) and low-interference applications. Transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) waves propagate within the stripline. MICROSTRIP LINES The microstrip line is transmission line geometry with a single conductor trace on one side of a dielectric substrate and a single ground plane on the other side. Since it is an open structure, microstrip line has a major fabrication advantage over the stripline. It also features ease of interconnection and adjustments. For microwave device applications, microstrip generally offers the smallest sizes and the easiest fabrication. MIC using microstrip can be designed for frequencies ranging from a few gigahertz, or even lower, up to at least many tens of gigahertz. However, it does not offer the highest electrical performance. Attenuation losses and power handling are compromised. In the microstrip line, the electromagnetic fields exist partly in the air above the dielectric substrate and partly within the substrate itself. For most practical purposes, microstrip can be treated as a TEM transmission line with an effective relative permittivity that is a weighted average between air and the substrate material. But, the actual propagation of electromagnetic waves in microstrip is not purely TEM due to the combination of an open air space and a dielectric medium.(some electric field component in Z Direction(Ez)) Thus, it is usually assumed that the electromagnetic field in the microstrip line is quasi-TEM. Characteristic Impedance (Z0)of Micro-Strip Lines The Characteristic Impedance of Micro-Strip Line is a function of Strip line width (w), Strip line thickness (t), the distance between the line & ground plane (h) and the dielectric constant of the material. The Characteristic Impedance of a Micro-Strip Line was found by several techniques. One of the methods was comparative (or) indirect technique. In this technique, the Characteristic Impedance of a wire over ground transmission line is given by; Relative Effective Dielectric Constant (εre) The effective dielectric constant of a Micro-Strip line is related to the relative dielectric constant of the board material. The board materials such as Fiber-glass epoxy & Nylon Phenolic are used. Therefore, the empirical equation is expressed as; Characteristic Impedance (Z0) The cross section of Micro-Strip line is rectangular. Hence the rectangular conductor must be transformed into circular conductor. Therefore, the empirical equation for the transformation is The Characteristic Impedance of a narrow Micro- Strip line is expressed as or Characteristic Impedance (Z0) The velocity of the Propagation is given by The Characteristic Impedance of a wide Micro-Strip line is expressed as Losses in Micro-Strip Lines There are two types of losses occur in the Micro-Strip lines: 1. Attenuation Loss 2. Radiation Loss The Attenuation Loss can be further divided into; (a). Dielectric Losses (b). Ohmic Losses Dielectric Losses The conductivity of the dielectric cannot be neglected, and therefore the electric and magnetic fields in the dielectric are no longer in the time phase. In this case, the dielectric attenuation constant is given by The dielectric constant can be expressed in terms of dielectric loss tangent. i.e Losses in Micro-Strip Lines By substituting conductivity in the dielectric attenuation constant can be expressed as The Micro-Strip line is a non-Magnetic mixed dielectric System. In the upper dielectric no loss occurs. Therefore, equation can be modified as; Losses in Micro-Strip Lines Generally the attenuation can be called as, “attenuation constant per wavelength”. Hence, Ohmic Losses Ohmic losses are due to non perfect conductors. In Micro-Strip line the current density is concentrated at a skin depth in the conductor which is thick inside the surface and is exposed to the electric field. Losses in Micro-Strip Lines The conducting attenuation of a Micro-Strip line is given by Losses in Micro-Strip Lines Radiation Losses Micro-Strip lines are having the Radiation losses. The Radiation loss depends on the dielectric substrate’s thickness, dielectric constant & its geometry. The following approximation can be taken for the calculation of Radiation loss: TEM transmission Uniform dielectric in the neighborhood of the strip Neglect the radiation from the TE field component Dielectric thickness is much less than the free space wavelength Losses in Micro-Strip Lines Radiation Losses By considering the above factors, the ratio of radiated power to the total dissipated power for an open circuited Micro-Strip line is given by; The radiation factor decreases with the increasing Dielectric substrate constant. Hence, above equation can also be expressed as Quality Factor (Q) of a Micro-Strip Lines Most Microwave Integrated circuits require very high quality resonant circuits. Hence the quality factor (Q) of a Micro-Strip line is very high, but it is limited by radiation losses & low dielectric substrate constant. We know that, the Ohmic attenuation constant as The wavelength of the Micro-Strip line Quality Factor (Q) of a Micro-Strip Lines Advantages of a Micro-Strip Lines An easy accesses to top surface makes it convenient to mount discrete devices and also minor adjustments are possible after the fabrication of the circuit. Fabrication costs are lower Better interconnection features Small size and weight Increased reliability and low cost The structure is rugged (rocky & tough) & can withstand larger voltages & Power disadvantages of a Micro-Strip Lines They have greater radiation losses due to open conductor above the dielectric substrate. The are more effective to near by conductors due to the interference created by the open ended conductor. A discontinuity in the electric and magnetic fields is generated, due to nearness of the air dielectric interface with the microstrip conductor..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Design and Analysis of Band Pass Filter for Wireless Communication Viswavardhan Reddy
    Volume III, Issue VI, June 2014 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 Design and Analysis of Band Pass Filter for Wireless Communication Viswavardhan Reddy. K1, Mausumi Dutta2, Maumita Dutta3 1,2Department of Telecommunication Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore - 560059 [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Abstract— There are applications in wireless communications, where a particular band of frequencies are needed to be filtered full sections can be used to increase the filter roll-off factor. from a wider range of mixed signals. Filter circuits can be Method [4] includes equal-ripple and maximally flat passband designed to accomplish this task by combining the properties of filters with general stopbands, as well as equal-ripple low-pass filter and high-pass filter into a single filter which is stopband filters with general passbands. To solve the referred as band-pass filter. A band-pass filter works to screen out frequencies that are too low or too high, giving easy passage approximation problem and to improve numerical only to certain frequencies within a specific range. At high conditioning, the design is carried out exclusively in terms of frequencies, the behavior of the discrete components changes. one or two transformed frequency variables. Hence discrete components are replaced by microstrip transmission lines. Microstrip transmission line is the most used II. LITERATURE SURVEY planar transmission line in Radio Frequency (RF) applications. A microstrip transmission line consists of a thin conductor strip The concept of coupling coefficients has been a very useful over a dielectric substrate along with a ground plate at the one in the design of small-to-moderate bandwidth microwave bottom of the dielectric.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Planar Microstrip Resonators for Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy 2 Per Cladding Is Present on Either Side of the Substrate
    Development of planar microstrip resonators for electron spin resonance spectroscopy Preprint, compiled April 2, 2020 Subhadip Roy1, a, Sagnik Saha1, a, Jit Sarkar1, and Chiranjib Mitra1 1Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education And Research Kolkata,India. Abstract This work focuses on the development of planar microwave resonators which are to be used in electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies. Two half wavelength microstrip resonators of different geometrical shapes, namely straight ribbon and omega, are fabricated on commercially available copper clad microwave laminates. Both resonators have a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω.We have performed electromagnetic field simulations for the two microstrip resonators and have extracted practical design parameters which were used for fabrica- tion. The effect of the geometry of the resonators on the quasi-transverse electromagnetic (quasi-TEM) modes of the resonators is noted from simulation results. The fabrication is done using optical lithography technique in which laser printed photomasks are used. This rapid prototyping technique allows us to fabricate resonators in a few hours with accuracy up to 6 mils. The resonators are characterized using a Vector Network Analyzer. The fabricated resonators are used to standardize a home built low-temperature continuous wave electron spin resonance (CW-ESR) spectrometer which operates in S-band, by capturing the absorption spectrum of the free radical DPPH, at both room temperature and 77 K. The measured value of g-factor using our resonators is consistent with the values reported in literature. The designed half wavelength planar resonators will be even- tually used in setting up a pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer by suitably modifying the CW-ESR spectrometer.
    [Show full text]
  • Equivalent-Circuit Models for Split-Ring Resonators And
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 53, NO. 4, APRIL 2005 1451 Equivalent-Circuit Models for Split-Ring Resonators and Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Coupled to Planar Transmission Lines Juan Domingo Baena, Jordi Bonache, Ferran Martín, Ricardo Marqués Sillero, Member, IEEE, Francisco Falcone, Txema Lopetegi, Member, IEEE, Miguel A. G. Laso, Member, IEEE, Joan García–García, Ignacio Gil, Maria Flores Portillo, and Mario Sorolla, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—In this paper, a new approach for the development expected for left-handed metamaterials (LHMs); namely, inver- of planar metamaterial structures is developed. For this pur- sion of the Snell law, inversion of the Doppler effect, and back- pose, split-ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split-ring ward Cherenkov radiation. It is also worth mentioning the con- resonators (CSRRs) coupled to planar transmission lines are investigated. The electromagnetic behavior of these elements, as troversy originated four years ago from the paper published by well as their coupling to the host transmission line, are studied, Pendry [2], where amplification of evanescent waves in LHMs and analytical equivalent-circuit models are proposed for the is pointed out [3]–[6]. isolated and coupled SRRs/CSRRs. From these models, the In spite of these interesting properties, it was not until 2000 stopband/passband characteristics of the analyzed SRR/CSRR that the first experimental evidence of left-handedness was loaded transmission lines are derived. It is shown that, in the long wavelength limit, these stopbands/passbands can be interpreted as demonstrated [7]. Following this seminal paper, other artifi- due to the presence of negative/positive values for the effective cially fabricated structures exhibiting a left-handed behavior and of the line.
    [Show full text]
  • Aperture-Coupled Stripline-To-Waveguide Transitions for Spatial Power Combining
    ACES JOURNAL, VOL. 18, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2003 33 Aperture-Coupled Stripline-to-Waveguide Transitions for Spatial Power Combining Chris W. Hicks∗, Alexander B. Yakovlev#,andMichaelB.Steer+ ∗Naval Air Systems Command, RF Sensors Division 4.5.5, Patuxent River, MD 20670 #Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848 +Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7914 Abstract power. However, tubes are bulky, costly, require high operating voltages, and have a short lifetime. As an A full-wave electromagnetic model is developed and alternative, solid-state devices offer several advantages verified for a waveguide transition consisting of slotted such as, lightweight, smaller size, wider bandwidths, rectangular waveguides coupled to a strip line. This and lower operating voltages. These advantages lead waveguide-based structure represents a portion of the to lower cost because systems can be constructed us- planar spatial power combining amplifier array. The ing planar fabrication techniques. However, as the fre- electromagnetic simulator is developed to analyze the quency increases, the output power of solid-state de- stripline-to-slot transitions operating in a waveguide- vices decreases due to their small physical size. There- based environment in the X-band. The simulator is fore, to achieve sizable power levels that compete with based on the method of moments (MoM) discretiza- those generated by vacuum tubes, several solid-state tion of the coupled system of integral equations with devices can be combined in an array. Conventional the piecewise sinusodial testing and basis functions in power combiners are effectively limited in the num- the electric and magnetic surface current density ex- ber of devices that can be combined.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowpass Lumped-Element Coplanar Waveguide-To- Coplanar Stripline Transitions
    LOWPASS LUMPED-ELEMENT COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE-TO- COPLANAR STRIPLINE TRANSITIONS Yo-Shen Lin1 and Chun Hsiung Chen2 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, R.O.C. (email: [email protected]) 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C. (email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The lowpass coplanar waveguide-to-coplanar stripline transitions are proposed, using planar lumped-elements to realize the filter prototypes in the transition structures. The proposed transitions are very compact and can provide the combined functions of transition and filter. Simple equivalent-circuit models based on closed-form expressions are also established, from which the characteristics of various lowpass lumped-element transitions are investigated. INTRODUCTION Coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coplanar stripline (CPS) are widely used as building blocks in the design of uniplanar MMIC's [1]. To fully utilize the exclusive features of CPW and CPS, an effective interconnection between them is of crucial importance. This may allow the choice of different uniplanar line-based circuit elements in different parts of a system such that maximum circuit integration and optimal system performance may be accomplished. Various CPW-to-CPS transitions have been developed [2]-[7]. Most of these conventional transitions have bandpass behaviors [2]-[4]. The broadband transition [5] utilizing a slotline open structure has a lowpass frequency response but its insertion loss increases only gradually as the operating frequency increases. The ideally all-pass double-Y junction balun [2], in practice, also features a gradually increasing insertion loss with frequency.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,503,404 Racy 45) Date of Patent: Mar
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,503,404 Racy 45) Date of Patent: Mar. 5, 1985 54 PRIMED MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR cludes a single tank conductor (16) coupled to a cou 75 Inventor: Joseph E. Racy, Hudson, N.H. pling conductor (17) by an interdigitated coupler (26). The coupling conductor (17) is connected to the cath 73 Assignee: Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, ode of an IMPATT diode (22) which is triggered by the N.H. application of a back-biasing trigger pulse that biases it 21 Appl. No.: 473,173 into its negative-resistance region. When a keying pulse is applied to the IMPATT diode (22), the diode couples 22 Filed: Mar. 7, 1983 power through the interdigitated coupler (26) to the 51) Int. Cl. .......................... H03B5/00; H03B 7/00 tank circuit (16) to cause oscillations that are initially in 52 U.S. Cl. ............................... 331/96; 331/107 SL; phase with any incoming signals, but the frequency of 331/107 G; 330/287 the oscillations is determined by the configuration of 58 Field of Search ................. 331/55, 56, 96, 107 G, the tank circuit (16), not by the frequency of the incom 331/107 DP, 107 SL, 173; 330/286, 287 ing signal. If the incoming signal is near enough to the 56) References Cited resonant frequency, and if the duration of the keying pulses is short enough, the output of the primed oscilla U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS tor appears to a band-limited receiver to be an amplified 4,056,784 11/1977 Cohn ................................... 330/287 version of the input signal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stripline Circulator Theory and Practice
    The Stripline Circulator Theory and Practice By J. HELSZAJN The Stripline Circulator The Stripline Circulator Theory and Practice By J. HELSZAJN Copyright # 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
    [Show full text]
  • 97/$10.00 260 Ii
    Lumped-element Sections for Modeling Coupling Between High-Speed Digital and I/O Lines W. Cui, H. Shi, X. Luo, F. Sha*, J.L. Drewniak, T.P. Van Doren and T. Anderson** ElectromagneticCompatibility Laboratory University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla, MCI 65401 * Northern Jiao Tong University EMC ResearchSection Beijing 100044,P.R.China * * HP-EEsof Division Hewlett-PackardCo. SantaRosa, CA 95403 Abstract: Lumped-elementsections are used for modeling designstage to estimateEM1 and minimize the noise coupling coupling betweenhigh-speed digital and I/O lines on printed to I/O lines on the PCB. As digital designs become more circuit boards (PCBs) in this paper. Radiatedelectromagnetic dense, flexibility in trace routing is reduced. Adherence to interference(EMI) is investigatedwhen the I/O line going off simple design maxims for avoiding adjacent segmentsof an the board is driven as an unintentional, but effective antenna. I/O line and a high-speeddigital line becomesmore difficult. Simulated results are compared with measurementsfor A meansfor estimatingEM1 at the design stageis desirableto coupled lines. A suitable number of lumped-elementsections maintainrouting flexibility while minimizing EM1 risk. for modeling is chosen based on the line length and the highestfrequency of interest. The three essentialcomponents for estimating EM1 resulting from coupling to I/O lines are suitable sourceand load models, a coupled transmission-line model, and an EM1 antenna I. INTR~DUC~~N model. Of particular interest at this stage are models for the coupled transmission lines, and the EM1 antenna. Two As the speed of digital designs continues to increase, approaches have been previously pursued for modeling unintentionalradiation from cablesattached to PCBs becomes coupled transmission-lines.One technique is to decouple the problematic.For clock speedsless than 50 MHz, a typical 1 m lines in the frequency domain by modal decomposition [l].
    [Show full text]
  • RF / Microwave PC Board Design and Layout
    RF / Microwave PC Board Design and Layout Rick Hartley L-3 Avionics Systems [email protected] 1 RF / Microwave Design - Contents 1) Recommended Reading List 2) Basics 3) Line Types and Impedance 4) Integral Components 5) Layout Techniques / Strategies 6) Power Bus 7) Board Stack-Up 8) Skin Effect and Loss Tangent 9) Shields and Shielding 10) PCB Materials, Fabrication and Assembly 2 RF / Microwave - Reading List PCB Designers – • Transmission Line Design Handbook – Brian C. Wadell (Artech House Publishers) – ISBN 0-89006-436-9 • HF Filter Design and Computer Simulation – Randall W. Rhea (Noble Publishing Corp.) – ISBN 1-884932-25-8 • Partitioning for RF Design – Andy Kowalewski - Printed Circuit Design Magazine, April, 2000. • RF & Microwave Design Techniques for PCBs – Lawrence M. Burns - Proceedings, PCB Design Conference West, 2000. 3 RF / Microwave - Reading List RF Design Engineers – • Microstrip Lines and Slotlines – Gupta, Garg, Bahl and Bhartia. Artech House Publishers (1996) – ISBN 0-89006-766-X • RF Circuit Design – Chris Bowick. Newnes Publishing (1982) – ISBN 0-7506-9946-9 • Introduction to Radio Frequency Design – Wes Hayward. The American Radio Relay League Inc. (1994) – ISBN 0-87259-492-0 • Practical Microwaves – Thomas S. Laverghetta. Prentice Hall, Inc. (1996) – ISBN 0-13-186875-6 4 RF / Microwave Design - Basics ) RF and Microwave Layout encompasses the Design of Analog Based Circuits in the range of Hundreds of Megahertz (MHz) to Many Gigahertz (GHz). ) RF actually in the 500 MHz - 2 GHz Band. (Design Above 100 MHz considered RF.) ) Microwave above 2 GHZ. 5 RF / Microwave Design - Basics ) Unlike Digital, Analog Signals can be at any Voltage and Current Level (Between their Min & Max), at any point in Time.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewing the Basics of Microstrip
    DESIGN FEATURE Microstrip Lines Reviewing The Basics Of Microstrip An understanding of the fundamentals of Lines microstrip transmission lines can guide high- frequency designers in the proper application of this venerable circuit technology. Leo G. Maloratsky RINTED transmission lines are widely used, and for good reason. Principal Engineer They are broadband in frequency. They provide circuits that are Rockwell Collins, 2100 West Hibiscus Pcompact and light in weight. They are generally economical to pro- Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901; (407) duce since they are readily adaptable to hybrid and monolithic inte- 953-1729, e-mail: lgmalora@ grated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies at RF and microwave fre- mbnotes.collins.rockwell.com. quencies. To better appreciate printed transmission lines, and microstrip in particular, some of the basic principles of microstrip lines will be reviewed here. A number of different transmis- with respect to the others. In Fig. 1, sion lines are generally used for it should be noted that the substrate microwave ICs (MICs) as shown in materials are denoted by the dotted Fig. 1. Each type has its advantages areas and the conductors are indicat- ed by the bold lines. The microstrip line is a transmis- Basic lines Modifications sion-line geometry with a single con- W W t a ductor trace on one side of a dielectric H hhhW W substrate and a single ground plane line a h Suspended Inverted on the opposite side. Since it is an Microstrip Microstrip line Shielded microstrip line microstrip line microstrip line open structure, microstrip line has a t W W1 major fabrication advantage over b b t stripline.
    [Show full text]
  • Static and Dispersion Analysis of Strip-Like Structures
    EE 694 Seminar Report on Static and Dispersion Analysis of Strip-like Structures Submitted by Ravindra.S.Kashyap 06307923 [email protected] Under the guidance of Prof. Girish Kumar Dept. of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 1 CONTENTS I Introduction 2 II Static analysis 2 II-A The Conformal Mapping method . 3 II-B Variational approach . 4 II-C Finite Difference Method (FDM) . 6 II-D Losses . 8 III Dispersion analysis 9 III-A Spectral Domain Analysis . 10 III-B Method of Lines . 10 IV New Techniques for Microwave CAD 10 V Static Analysis for Various Microstrip line Configurations 11 V-A Tri-plateR . 11 V-B Microstrip Lines . 12 V-C Coupled Microstrip line . 14 V-D Suspended Microstrip Lines . 15 V-E Inverted Microstrip lines . 16 V-F Slot Lines . 16 V-G Coplanar Waveguide . 17 VI Dispersion Analysis for Various Microstrip line Configurations 17 VI-A Microstrip lines . 17 VI-B Coupled Microstrip Lines . 18 VI-C Suspended Microstrip lines . 19 VI-D Inverted Microstrip Line . 19 VII Conclusions 19 Appendix 19 References 20 2 Static and Dispersion Analysis of Strip-like Structures Ravindra.S.Kashyap (06307923) Abstract— Different models for the static and dispersion velocity (vp). These three parameters are related to the analysis of strip-like structures will be studied. We will be Capacitance (C) of the structure [2]. We know that studying, in particular, Tri-plate stripline, Micro stripline, the wave propagates through a medium with velocity p Coupled micro stripline, Inverted and suspended micro v = 1= ¹². If the medium is not free space but a striplines, Slot lines, and Coplanar waveguide.
    [Show full text]
  • Planar Transmission Line Method for Char- Acterization of Printed Circuit Board Di- Electrics
    Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 102, 267{286, 2010 PLANAR TRANSMISSION LINE METHOD FOR CHAR- ACTERIZATION OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DI- ELECTRICS J. Zhang CISCO Systems, Inc. CA, USA M. Y. Koledintseva Missouri University of Science & Technology Rolla, MO, USA G. Antonini Department of Electrical Engineering University of L'Aquila Poggio di Roio, 67040 AQ, Italy J. L. Drewniak Missouri University of Science & Technology Rolla, MO 65401, USA A. Orlandi Department of Electrical Engineering University of L'Aquila Poggio di Roio, 67040 AQ, Italy K. N. Rozanov Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 125412, Russia Corresponding author: M. Y. Koledintseva ([email protected]). 268 Zhang et al. Abstract|An e®ective approach to characterize frequency-dispersive sheet materials over a wide RF and microwave frequency range based on planar transmission line geometries and a genetic algorithm is proposed. S-parameters of a planar transmission line structure with a sheet material under test as a substrate of this line are measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The measured S-parameters are then converted to ABCD matrix parameters. With the assumption of TEM/quasi-TEM wave propagation on the measured line, as well as reciprocity and symmetry of the network, the complex propagation constant can be found, and the corresponding phase constant and attenuation constant can be retrieved. Attenuation constant includes both dielectric loss and conductor loss terms. At the same time, phase term, dielectric loss and conductor loss can be calculated for a known transmission line geometry using corresponding closed- form analytical or empirical formulas.
    [Show full text]