Index

acritarchs 131 Carbonate Dagestan 259 Aeronian, recovery patterns 127-33 carbonate ramps, Frasnian-Famennian 135 Alaska, graptolites 119-26 Carboniferous Albian, Late, Albian-Cenomanian oceanic anoxic 'lesser mass extinction event' events (OAEs) 240-1 rugose corals ammonites 231 extinction 188-9 Campanian 299-308 recovery 192-7 desmoceratacean, E Russia, Sakhalin 299-308 survival interval 189-91 Santonian-Maastrichtian, stratigraphy 300-3 catastrophic mass extinction 54 see also goniatites Caucasus, N ammonoids foraminifera, Danian extinctions 337-42 early stages 164-8 locations 337 goniatite survival 163-85 Caucasus, NE Japan 306 foraminifera, Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary juvenile ornament 169 Event 259--64 morphological sequence 169 location map 260 protoconch size 166, 181 Cauvery Basin, oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) 238 recovery, Sakhalin 304, 306 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event taxonomic diversity, dynamics 305 dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recovery, England, Amphipora-bearing limestone 135-61 oceanic anoxic events 279-97 angiosperms, origination, extinction and diversity 73 England, S 267 Anisian Stage 223, 224 food chain recovery 265-77 Lazarus taxa 227 foraminifera 237-44, 259-64 Annulata Event, Devonian 178 Milankovitch rhythms 246 Apterygota 65 oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) archaeocyaths 82, 86 India, SE, Cauvery Basin 237-44 Ashgill, correlation of biotic events 129 NE Caucasus 259-64 Atavograptus atavus Zone 124 Spain, Menoyo section 245-58 Avalonian plate 125 Turonian lithological logs, England, SE 280-2 Changxingian Stage 223, 224 Chotec Event, Eifelian 171 bacterial chemosymbioses 49-50 Clementsian ecosystem theories 216-17 benthic communities climate and ocean-state, Ordovician, Late, mass Phanerozoic trends 2, 3 extinction event, conodonts 105-18 tiering 3, 4 climax cut-off model 61-2 bioturbation, ichnofabrics 5-6 clymeniid ammonoids 163 Botomian, Early-Middle Botomian, Sinsk Event 80-1 coal-balls 202-4, 215-16 brachiopods community structure, mass extinction recovery 61-3 first appearances, Europe 233 Condroz Event, Devonian 178 Ordovician mass extinction events 102 conodonts Brazil, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K/T) event, F-F facies 136-7 Poty section 318-36 Middle varcus Zone 174 Brotzenella, evolutionary lineage 341 Ordovician, Late, mass extinction event bryozoans 61 appearance of new taxa 112-14 climate and ocean-state models 105--18 per taxon rates of extinction and origination calcimicrobes 82-5, 87 114-15 Cambrian coralomorphs 82 cyanobacteria, interactions with reef-building corals 127-8 organisms 82 see also reef-building organisms Early Cambrian mass extinction corals, rugose reef ecosystem recovery 79-96 Carboniferous 'lesser mass extinction event' 187-99 reef-building organisms 82-8 morphoecotypes 189 Sinsk Event 80-1 morphotypes 187 explosion of phyla, status 9-10 Coronograptus gregarius Zone 124 Caninia 187 Corsicana Formation, naticid drilling frequencies Cantabrian Mountains, rugose corals 187-99 375-7 Capitan Limestone, Texas Permian Basin 224-5 Cretaceous Capitanian Stage 223 marine food chain model 266 388 INDEX

mollusc species 'fabric', US Atlantic and Gulf Eifelian, Chotec Event 171 coastal plain 309-18 E1 Kef, Tunisia, K/T foraminifera 343-71 oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) 238 Elburgan Formation 337 Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K/Pg) see Cretaceous- Elvis-.taxa 79 Tertiary boundary (K/T) event Emsian Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K/T) event Daleje Event 170--1 extinction and survivorship selectivity 363-4 Zlichov Event 168-70 foraminifera England, S Danian, Early 319-35 ecosystem reconstructions 268-73 Tethyan, S 343-71 location maps 279 gastropod predator-prey system 373-86 oceanic anoxic events, dinoflagellate cyst insects 74 assemblages recovery, Cenomanian-Turonian North American Coastal Plain 373 Boundary Event 279-97 recoveries, mixed and graded communities 62-3 see also UK crinoids 231 Enkeberg Event, Devonian 178 crisis progenitor taxa Eocene-Oligocene extinction, Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction recovery 15-39 extinction, gastropod predator-prey system, Phanerozoic examples 20-1, 23-6 naticids 373-86 cyanobacteria Estonia, and Ordovician mass extinction 127-33 interactions with reef-building organisms Europe Cambrian 82 bivalve molluscs 234 Lower-Middle Ordovician 89 brachiopods 233-4 cycadophytes, recoveries 62 first appearances 233 Czech Republic, Frasnian-Famennian events 135-61 (end)-Triassic mass extinctions, marine fauna 231-6 Czekanowskia, recovery 62 Frasnian-Famennian-Kellwasser events, Mokrh Section, Moravia 135~1 evolutionary palaeoecology Dakhla Formation, Tunisia 346 comparative approach 6-10 Daleje Event, Emsian 170-1 Permian-Triassic mass extinction 7-9 Danian extinctions, foraminifera Caucasus, N 337-42 K/T boundary event 319-35 ferns, opportunists 216 Decorah Shale 97, 102 food chain recovery, Cenomanian-Turonian Deicke metabentonite 97-104 Boundary Event 265-77 Deicke-K horizon 102 foraminifera 231,251,252 dendrolites, Cambrian-Lower Ordovician 87 accumulation rates (PFARs) 348-9 desmoceratacean ammonites, Russia, E, Sakhalin, benthic K/T boundary, E1 Kef 349-54 Santonian, Campanian boundary event 299-308 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event Devonian Britain 265-77 Annulata Event 178 Caucasus, N 337-42 Condroz Event 178 Caucasus, NE 259-64 Enkeberg Event 178 India 237-44 Hangenberg Event 179-81 Spain, Menoyo section 245-58 Kellwasser Events 135-61, 163, 177 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K/T) event Devonian, Late Danian, Early 319-35 goniatite survival 163-85 Tethyan, southern 343-71 Nehden Event 177-8 Danian extinctions, Caucasus, N 337-42 reef-building organisms 135-61 dynamics of diversification 262-4 dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recovery oceanic anoxic events 259-64 England, S India, SE, Cauvery Basin, Cenomanian-Turonian Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event 279-97 Boundary Event 237--44 list 284 productivity, Maastrichtian P/B ratios 348 dinosaurs zones, rugose corals 189 gigantism tendency 63 Frasnian recoveries 62-3 Frasnes Event 175-6 disaster species, trophic/life habit 45, 47 Middlesex Event 176 Djulfian Stage 223, 225 Rhinestreet Event 176-7 dormancy 49 Frasnian-Famennian-Kellwasser events, Mokr/t Dubuque-Maquoketa boundary, US 102 Section, Moravia, Central Europe, extinction recovery gradients 135-61

ecosystem reconstructions, England, S 268-73 Edenian, Stewartville Formation 102 gastropods, naticids, predator-prey system, Egypt, K/T foraminifera 346, 348 Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction and Eocene-- INDEX 389

Oligocene extinction 373-86 Phanerozoic 65-78 Genundewa Event, Frasnian 175 polyneopterans 71 gigantism tendency 63 Israel, K/T foraminifera 346, 348 Stephanian (Late Pennsylvanian) 213-15 Givetian Kachk Event 171-3 Jurassic, Lower, Britain, species diversity 232 Pumilio Events 173-4 Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, recoveries, mixed and Gleasonian ecosystem theories 216-17 graded communities 62-3 Glenwood formation 97, 102 Globigerina eugubina Zone 337 Globigerinida 323 Kacfik Event, Givetian 171-3 Globorotalida 323 Karai-Kulakkainattam, India, SE, Cauvery Basin goniatites, juvenile, survival strategies, Devonian 237-44 extinction events 163-85 Karanaiskaya Formation 260 graptolites Kellwasser events 163 Ordovician, Late, mass extinction event, Alaska Central Europe 135-61 119-26 Frasnian-Famennian 135-61,163, 177 Silurian, Early, recovery patterns 128-31 Kincaid Formation, naticid drilling frequencies 375-7 Guadaloupian, gastropods 224 guilds, Phanerozoic trends 2, 3 Lagarograptus acinaces Zone 124 Laurentian craton 107, 119 habitats Lazarus taxa 21, 41, 55, 223-4 protected or buffered 44 Liassic, Britain, species diversity 231-4 refugia species 21-2, 44-5 Llandovery Hangenberg Event, Devonian 163, 179-81 acritarchs 131 Haustator bilira Assemblage Zone 309 correlation of biotic events and env/parameters 129 Hawke Bay Event 79-96, 81-2 recovery patterns 127-33 herbivores, gigantism tendency 63 lycopsids, Chaloneria 201 Hettangian, Lower Jurassic 231-2 hexapods see insects high-resolution stratigraphy 55--6 Maastrichtian, Upper, benthic foraminifera, Middle Hirnantian 130 East 355-9 Holometabola 65 Maastrichtian-Danian boundary see Cretaceous- Homoceras Zone 187 Tertiary boundary (K/T) event Manticoceras Event 175 marine fauna, Europe, (end)-Triassic mass extinctions ichnofabrics 5-6 231-6 India, SE, Cauvery Basin mass extinctions Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event, oceanic mass extinction-survival-recovery intervals 15-16 anoxic events (OAEs), foraminifera 237-44 stepwise or graded 52, 54 Cretaceous rocks distribution 238 see also recoveries; survivors and survival Indian Ocean, development 237 mechanisms; specific events Induan stage 224 metabentonite horizons, Ordovician 97-104 Triassic recovery 226 microbial structures 6 Inoceramidae, Mytiloides 26-34 Middle East Inoceramus, displacing Mytiloides 33 benthic foraminifera 355-60 lnoceramus labiatus Zone 260 benthic foraminiferal assemblages 355--7 insects Middlesex Event, Frasnian 176 Appendix 1, dating update 76-7 models for biotic survival, mass extinction recovery apterygotes, origination, extinction and diversity 69, 41-60 70 Mokr~ Section, Moravia, Central Europe Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction 74 Frasnian-Famennian-Kellwasser events diversity trends 65-78 extinction recovery gradients 135-61 ordinal diversity 74 interpretation 158-60 early evolution 69-75 stratigraphy, data analysis 137-58 oligoneopteran vs polyneopteran life-cycles 70 molluscs origination, extinction and diversity antipredatory characters, four faunas 384 families 67, 68 bivalve molluscs 231 genera 68 first appearances, Europe and S America 234 oligoneopterans 72 gastropod predator-prey system, Cretaceous- orders 66 Tertiary boundary (K/T) event and Eoccne- palaeopterans 71 Oligocene extinction 373-86 paraneopterans 71 gastropods, Permo-Triassic mass extinction 223-9 390 INDEX

proportions by habitat, USA 313, 315 Estonia 127-33 species 'fabric', Cretaceous, US Atlantic and Gulf graptolites, North America 119-26 coastal plain 309-18 Ordovician-Silurian, global sea-levels and ocean- Monte Carlo simulations 135 state 106-12 Moodys Branch, molluscan assemblages 374-85 Ostracoda, speciation 97-104, 231 Mytiloides, crisis progenitor bivalve 26-34 summary correlation chart 98 Ostracoda, K/T boundary 359 Ostracoda, speciation 231 naticids Ordovician (Middle) extinction events, United driUhole morphology and size 373 States, north central 97-104 driUholes through time Upper Mississippi Valley, stratigraphic distribution bivalves 376 99-101 gastropods 376 drilling behaviour, stereotypy 378-82 paedomorphosis 44 gastropods predator-prey system Palaeocene, Early, S Tethyan 359--60 Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, Eocene-Oligo- palaeoecology, assessment 1-13 cene Palaeosmilia 187 extinction 373-86 Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone 120, 123-4 model of escalation 382-5 Paraorthograptus pacificus Zone 121-5 nomismogenesis 305-6 peat-forming environments, North America, Pennsyl- North America vanian, Middle-Late, transition 201-21 Alaska 122-3 Pennsylvanian, Middle-Late, transition, peat-forming Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, mollusc species environments, North America 201-21 'fabric', Cretaceous 309-18 Permian, percent extinctions 226 Canadian Cordillera 121-2 Permian Basin, Texas, Capitan Limestone 224-5 Coastal Plain, Cretaceous and Palaeogene 373--86 Permian-Triassic mass extinction 7-9 Great Basin 120-1 gastropods 223-9 metabentonite horizons, Ordovician 97-104 PFARs (planktonic foraminifera accumulation rates) molluscan assemblages 374 348-9 north central USA Phanerozoic Ordovician extinction events, Ostracode insect origination and extinction 65-78 speciation 97-104 palaeoecological trends 1-13 ostracode speciation 97-104 patterns of recovery and radiation 22-3 Ordovician, Late, mass extinction event, graptolites trends, benthic communities 11 9-26 onshore-offshore patterns 4 Ordovician, Middle and Upper, mass extinction tiering 3, 4 event, summary correlation chart 98 plants see vascular plants; named groups peat-forming environments, Pennsylvanian, Platteville Limestone 97, 102 Middle-Late, transition 201-21 Plenus Marl Formation 279 Pennsylvanian Transition 201-21 Pliensbachian Stage 231 Novaya Zemija, rugose corals, distribution 189, 190, Lower Jurassic 232 191 population dynamics, widespread dispersion 48--9 Poty section, Brazil, foraminifera, K/T boundary event 319-35 ocean-state model Praeglobotruncana imbricata Zone 260 biotic changes, summary 110 preadaptation 43, 44 composite standard reference section (CSRS) range Prionoceras charts 111-15 differentiation from Mimimitoceras 179 Ordovician mass extinction events 107-12 Stockum Limestone 180-1 oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) Prosser Formation 102 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event, India, SE, Pterygota 65 Cauvery Basin 237--44 Pumilio Events, Givetian 173-4 and continental productivity, Tethyan, S 362-3 dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recovery, England, S, Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event 279- recoveries 97 community structure 61-3 foraminifera 259-64 crisis progenitor taxa 15-39 Olenekian, Triassic recovery 226-7 defined 265 Ordovician, cyanobacteria, interactions with reef- dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, Cenomanian- building organisms 89 Turonian Boundary Event 279-97 Ordovician mass extinction events foraminifera, oceanic anoxic events 237-44 conodonts gradients, Frasnian-Famennian-Kellwasser events, climate and ocean-state 105-18 Central Europe 135-61 IGCP Project 335 model 106 graptolites, Silurian, Early 128--31 INDEX 391

Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, mixed and graded Stephanian (Late Pennsylvanian) 201 communities 62-3 gigantism 213-15 models for biotic survival 41-60 post-extinction system 210-12 reef ecosystem, Cambrian, Early, 79--96 Westphalian-Stephanian transition 206-10 Silurian, Early 127-33 stepwise or graded mass extinction 52, 54 reef-building organisms Stewartville Formation 102 Early Cambrian extinction Stockum Limestone, Prionoceras 180-1 ecosystem recovery 79-96 Strangelove Ocean period 319 generic diversity 80 stromatolites end-Triassic mass extinctions 234 Cambrian-Lower Ordovician 87 Hawke Bay Event 81-2 Late Cambrian 88 Late Devonian 135-61 Lower-Middle Ordovician 88-9 Lower-Middle Ordovician 88-9 trends 6, 8 organism interactions survivors and survival mechanisms 16-18 Late Cambrian reefs 88 adaptive mechanisms, summary 51-5 Middle Cambrian reefs 86-8 common groups 18-22 see also corals crisis progenitors 20-1 Sinsk Event 80-1 disaster species 19--20 terminology 160 ecological generalists 18, 47-8 refugia species 21-2 ecological opportunists 20 habitats 44-5 habitats, protected or buffered 44 temporal and abundance patterns 46 opportunists 47 Rhinestreet Event, Frasnian 176-7 paedomorphosis 44 Rhuddanian Stage 127 persistent trophic resource exploiters 48 recovery patterns 127-33 physiological traits rhynchonellid brachiopods 231 bacterial chemosynbioses 49-50 Rocklandian Stage ash fall 97 dormancy 49 Rotalipora, disappearance 260 reproductive adaptation 50-1 Rotalipora cushmani Zone 245-58, 259-64 skeletonization requirements 50 rudist bivalves 61 population dynamics 48-9 Russia, see also Caucasus, N and NE preadaptation 43, 44 Russia, E, Sakhalin, desmoceratacean ammonites, preadapted survivors 20 Santonian, Campanian boundary event 299-308 rapid evolution 43 refugia species 21-2 stranded populations 21 Santonian, Campanian boundary event, desmocerata- survivorship selectivity, K/T event 363-4 cean ammonites, Russia, E, Sakhalin 299-308 Santonian-Maastrichtian, stratigraphy 300, 301 sea-levels Taghanic Event, Devonian 174 and benthic changes 361-2 Tatarian stage 224 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K/T) event 360-1 Telychian, recovery patterns 127-33 Ordovician mass extinction events 106 terminology, reef-dwelling fauna 160 Silurian 120 Tethyan, S Selaginella, recoveries 62 benthic communities, stages 357-60 Shannon-Weaver heterogeneity index H(S) 247 continental productivity, and oxygen deficiency shell beds 6 362-3 Shermanian, Prosser Formation 102 foraminifera, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K/T) Silurian, Early 343-71 diachronous recovery patterns Palane, Early 359-60 acritarchs 131 Texas Coastal plain, naticid drilling frequencies 375-7 corals 127-8 Texas Permian Basin, Capitan Limestone 224--5 graptolites 128-31 thrombolites Llandovery palaeogeography map 120 Late Cambrian 88 recovery patterns 127-33 Lower-Middle Ordovician 88-9 Sinemurian Stage, Lower Jurassic 231,232 Timan, N, rugose corals, distribution 192 Sinsk Event 80-1 Toarcian, mass extinctions 231-6 Skolithos, in ichnofabrics 5-6 Tommotian Stage 79 Spain, Menoyo section tree ferns 201 Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (end)-Triassic mass extinctions, Europe, marine fauna foraminiferal 245-58 231-6 lithostratigraphy 246 Triassic recovery, phases 1-3 226-7 location 245 trophic/life habit Spain, Zumaya section, Maastrichtian 314 disaster species 45, 47 Spathian Stage 223 ecological generalists 47-8 392 INDEX

opportunists 47 Vendian-Cambrian see Cambrian explosion persistent trophic resource exploiters 48 tropical peat-forming environments 201-21 Tunisia Wenlock Stage 127 K/T foraminifera 343-71 Estonia 130-1 benthic, common taxa 349-54 recovery patterns 127-33 faunal turnover 354 Westphalian D mires 204--6 productivity 348-9 Westphalian Stage extinction 201 Turonian see Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event Westphalian-Stephanian transition 206-10 pre-extinction-postextinction landscapes 212-15 Whiteinella archaeocretacea Zone 245--58 UK, Ordovician, Middle and Upper, mass extinction Wordian Stage 223-5 event, summary correlation chart 98 Lazarus taxa 224 USA see North America

Yazoo Formation, molluscan assemblages 374 vascular plants origination, extinction and diversity angiosperms 73 Zlichov Event, Emsian 168-70 families 73