Third Five Year Plan Table of Contents

WEST BENGAL THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page? Introduction .. .. I— 10 h . Progress under First and Second Plans—Spillover Schemes and new schemes I SeconiiPlan 11— 16 III- Agriculture 17— 35 ^V. Animal Husbandry 36—43 V. Dairying and Milk Supply 44— 46 VI. Fisheries 47— 52 V II. Forests and Soil Conservation 53— 60 VÎIT. Community Development and Extension Service 61—63 TX. Co-operation 64— 70 X. Village Panchayat . 71 X I. Irrigation and Power 72—90 X I I . Village and Small Industries 91— 107 X III. Industries and Minerals 108— 109 X IV . Roads 110 XV. Inland Transport . 111— 120 X V I. Tourism 121 X V II. Education 122— 140 X V III. Health 141— 156 X IX . Housing 157— 163 X X . Welfare of Backward Classes 164— 173 X X I. Social Welfare .. 174— 184 -X II. Labour and Labour Welfare 185— 191 -XIII. Durgapur Industries 192— 194 X X IV . Miscellaneous ,. 195—201 X X V . Development of Greater Calcutta 202 . Vppendix—Draft outline of Integrated Plan of Greater Calcutta 203— 219 STATEMENT T. Diitribution of State Plan outlay by heads of the Working Plan 220— 221 II. Distribution of State Plan outlay by heads of^ 222— 223 n il Schemes included in the Third Plan 224—271 r/^ T CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background— Objective of the All-India Plans I’lanning of an under-developed country inevitably becomes a long-term affair. It should naturally extend over several years. It is a long story wliicii unfolds itself in many chapters. For convenience of execution, how ever, it is necessary to break it up into plans of a definite duration. Planning involves both preparation of a blue-print and its execution. To the extent funds are available, a programme of execution can be undertaken Wt resources are an imponderable element. A certain degree of flexibility is, therefore, necessary to allow for adjustment in the light of developments. A plan of a fixed duration makes allowance for that, Moreovetr, a set plan for a set target accentuates endeavours. It is on this consideration that our plans have been divided into so many Five-Year plans. The different plans, however, are not isolated programmes. They are inter-linked and organically integrated so that they influence one another. The factor that gives them direction and unity of purpose is the main objec tive which in point of time is the ultimate goal. The main objective as adopted in our plans stems from the Directive Principles of the Constitution. The Constitution has adopted the objectives of securing adequate means of livelihood and the right to work, to education and to assistance in cases of distress brought about by factors like old age, disablement, etc. To bring this about, an economic policy has been adopted in the Constitution which broadly says that the ownership and control of the material resources of the country should be so distributed as to promote the> common good of the people and the operation of the economic system should not result in the concentration of wealth and economic iôwer in the hands of the few. This economic policy was reaffirmed in the December 1954 Declaration of the Parliament which said that the broad objective of the economic policy should be to achieve the ‘ ‘socialistic jDattern of society” . These ideas have been adopted in the main objectives of the First P.lan to give unity of purpose to the different plans to follow. This main objective is “ to raise the standard of living of the people and to open to them opportu nities for a richer and more varied life” . For achievement of this main objective two broad methods are to be adopted which represent the positive and the negative side of the approach. They are increase of wealth through increased production, and reduction of inequalities in the distribution of wealth to prevent concentration of wealth and the means of production in the hands of a few. The First Plan was intended as the first step towards the realisation of this main objective. In this Plan an effort was made to strengthen the economy at the base mainly by putting emphasis on larger agricultural production and power. The multi-purpose river valley schemes are typical examples. Special mention may also be made of the Community Develop ment movement and the programme for land reforms. It was in the Second Plan that for the first time a deliberate policy for rapid industrialisation was adopted with a view to evolving a self-sustaining economy. It launched a programme which would lead to maturity through different phases. The first phase logically is the building up of basic indus tries, to be followed by machine-producing industries and at a later stage leading to growth of industries producing consumer goods on a large scale. 2 Tiiat is why la the Second Plap the emphasis is ofl hasic industries. Xiiti provision tor the Steel Plauts in the pubiic sector marks out this featurt* very prominently. In the Third All-India Plan the einphasis ou basi«- induiftries is a conti nuing' feature. Steel, fuel and power will still letain the pride of place. Additionally, a step has been proposed to he taten toiK'ards iniâting the next phase "whii h m il W ild up niachine-producing industries, ilainly, therefore, the pliase of basic industries ■will still continue. The other important objective adoijted in the Third Plan is achievement of sielf-sulficiency in foodgrains and iactease in agricultural production to meet the requirements of industry and export. There are t’W'O considerations which led to its adoption. Self-sustaining' growth can only be achieved by balanced development both in agriculture and industry. Secondly, there is the need for fighting inilation by enSYiti^g that prices of essential consumer goods remain stable. Price of foodgrains h ^ a tendency to react on the entire price and cost structure- Increased agricultural ^xiaduotioG will ensure stability in the price level of foodgrains. Another importaiJt feature of tie Third the piopoAal that iiee und rompulsory education should be provided for all children in the age group 6-11 years. The obief'tive behind is to develop the human resources of the country. APPROACH TO THE STATE PLANS The main objeiitives of the AU-India Plan and special objei tives of each h’ive-Year Plan have been kept in view in drawing up the different State PU\ns. Problems peculiar to the State were also kept in view which, to some extent, gave a local touch to the State Plans. Thus in the First Plan the St?ite gave emphasis on multipurpose river valley projects and at its own initiative undertook implementation of the Mayurafcshi Reservoir Project. On the other hand a new pattern of rûixements emerged direct, as a result of the partition of the old Province. The configuration of the new state demanded fresh alignments. The loss of fr^sh-water Bsheries to East Pakistan compelled immediate attention to the possibilities of the systematic exploitation of the Bay for deep sea fishing. Id the Second Plan in conformity with the new policy of rapid indus- tiiaUsation thiough the foundation of basic industries the State Govern ment also shifted emphasis to them. Coal, being the only major resource avaiJiibje in the State, basic industries based on the exploitation of coal found an important ^lace in the Plan. This explains for accommodation of the Durgapur Projects providing for installation of a Coke Oven Plant and a Th^TO'ial Plant. The provision for industiies was over twenty times what had been provided for in the "First Plan. The objectives and priorities adopted in the State Third Plan are based on those adapted in the All India Plan. It has been already observed that in the Central Plan tlie special objectives adopted are expanding basic industries like steel, fuel and power and achievement of self-sufficiency in foodgrains and increase in agricultnrai production. In the State Plan also, special priority has been given to thefte two items. TTtmost emphasis has })een laid on increase of agricultural production paTtiirTilaily aiming M self-sufficiency in foodgrains. A very ambitious programme for agri> cultural production has, therefore, been adopted. Similarly the policy rpsardin? founding of basic industries in West Bengal initiated in the f^cond Plan has been continued. This includes the provision of doubling the Coke Oven Plant at Durgapur, installation of a Fetiliser Plant at the r. me place and the installation of a super-thermal station at Bandel. A.S I'eârcis sofial services also, it falU m*Utie witk the policy adopted in the Central Plan. At pa<?e 7 of the Draft Outline of the Third Five- Year Plan it i»- obserred tiiat “ free and compulsory education will be provided for ail children in the age grouj) 6-11 years during the period of ihe Third Plan” . Under Rducation a sizeable alU>c4itiim hae been provided to achieve tiia objective. The problem of Calcutta has loomed large on the eve of the Third Five- Year Plan. To be precise it is a problem 'whifh faces Greater Calcutta comprising a considerable size of land situated ou both sides of the HoogKli of vrhich the city of Calcutta proper is the nucleus. Being the first port of the country and the most important industrial and commercial centre of its eastern region it attracted a cosmopolitan population. leading to rapid urbanisation. As a result, Calcutta g^rew in a haphazard fashion without any well laid-out plan to foUo’w.

Load more