Constructing Affirmative Action: Federal Contract Compliance and the Building Construction Trades, 1956-1973
CONSTRUCTING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: FEDERAL CONTRACT COMPLIANCE AND THE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TRADES, 1956-1973 by DAVID HAMILTON GOLLAND M.Phil., City University of New York, 2006 M.A., University of Virginia, 2002 B.A., City University of New York, 2000 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2008 2 “Who the hell appointed you as the guardian of all the Negro members in America?” —AFL-CIO President George Meany, responding to A. Philip Randolph’s request that discriminatory unions be suspended from the federation, September 24, 1959 “The Meany record over the past half-dozen years has been one of consistent, strong leadership in the struggle to eliminate racial discrimination in the labor movement.” —Lester B. Granger, Executive Director, National Urban League, October 2, 1959 “I am informed that full scale hiring by the electrical contractor on the Southwest Project will begin [in] October. I would like to impress upon you the urgency for taking affirmative action in this matter (the Local 26 impasse) at the earliest possible date.” —Vice President Richard M. Nixon, writing to the president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, September 29, 1958 CHAPTER ONE Fighting Bureaucratic Inertia: 1956-1960 3 Thomas Bailey was a skilled brick mason living in Beacon, New York, a sleepy little town in the Hudson Valley between Peekskill and Poughkeepsie. In June 1958, when he applied for membership in the Bricklayers, Masons, and Plasterers Local #44, he was told by the union’s business agent, Andrew Gallante, that he could only become a member of the union if he was actively working in the trade.
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