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Contribution À L'étude Des Helminthes Chez La Bogue Boops Boops (Linné

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Contribution À L'étude Des Helminthes Chez La Bogue Boops Boops (Linné République algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de laRecherche Scientifique Université d’Oran Es-Sénia Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie Mémoire présenté pour l’obtention du diplôme de MAGISTER en SCIENCES DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT Option : Parasitologie Contribution à l’étude des Helminthes chez la Bogue Boops boops (Linné, 1758) de la côte occidentale algérienne Présenté par Mlle SOUILAH chérifa Soutenu le: / / 2008 devant la commission du jury composée de : Mr.D.SAIDIProf.Universitéd’OranEs-SéniaPrésident Mr.Z.BENMANSOURProf.C.H.UUniversitéd’Oran Examinateur Mr.F.ABDELGHANI Prof.Universitéd’OranEs-SéniaExaminateur Mr.Z.BOUTIBA Prof.Universitéd’OranEs-SéniaEncadreur Mme.D.MARZOUG.SHAIKH C.CUniversitéd’OranEsSéniaCoEncadreur Remerciements Au terme de ce travail, je suis très heureuse d’exprimer ma gratitude à toutes les personnes qui ont, soit contribué à la réalisation de ce travail, soit accepté de la juger. Je voudrai exprimer, tout particulièrement, ma reconnaissance à mon promoteur Monsieur le Professeur Z. BOUTIBA, Responsable du Laboratoire de Réseau de Surveillance environnementale, (LRSE), et ancien Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Oran Es-Sénia qui a dirigé ce travail avec patience et beaucoup d’attention. Je tiens à lui exprimer toute ma reconnaissance pour la confiance qu’il m’a témoignée. Mes sincères remerciements à Madame D. MARZOUG , co-promoteur, chargée de cours et chercheur dans le même laboratoire, pour m’avoir orienté et enrichie par ses conseils. Je lui exprime ma plus sincère gratitude pour m’avoir apporté une aide dont je mesure tout le prix ainsi pour tout ce dont je suis redevable et espère bénéficier encore de ses connaissance parasitologiques. Je suis très sensible à l’honneur que me fait Monsieur D. SAIDI, Professeur à l’Université d’Oran Es-Senia en acceptant de présider le jury d’examination. Je tiens à vous exprimer mes vifs remerciements pour vos interventions et judicieux conseils. Je tiens à remercier vivement Monsieur Z. BENMANSOUR , Professeur au C.H.U d’Oran, pour avoir accepté d’examiner mon travail. Qu’il trouve ici ma sincère gratitude. J’exprime mes sincères remerciements à Monsieur F. ABDELGHANI , Professeur à l’Université d’Oran Es-Senia, pour avoir bien voulu examiner mon travail. L’occasion m’est offerte pour lui exprimer ma plus sincère gratitude. Je ne voudrai surtout pas oublier de remercier le Professeur J. RAGA et les membres du laboratoire d’Espagne « Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology » pour l’aide qu’ils nous ont apporté dans l’identification des espèces. Mes remerciements s’adressent aussi à Mademoiselle A. BRAHIM TAZI et à Madame S. CHAHROUR , pour leur soutien moral durant la réalisation de ce travail, puisse t-elle, être éternellement remerciées. Je voudrai surtout remercier le chef de département de Biologie à l’université de Mostaganem ; Monsieur S.Nebache et en particulier Monsieur Abaidi, le responsable du laboratoire N=° 5 de pédagogie, pour avoir facilité l’accès à leur structure afin de dessiner les spécimens à la chambre claire. Mes remerciements les plus intenses vont à mes parents et ma sœur pour leurs conseils, aide et leur soutien moral durant la réalisation de ce travail. Je n’oublierai pas d’exprimer ma gratitude aux membres de notre laboratoire « Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale » ; en particulier Mademoiselle L. BELKHEDIM, pour son aide, ses encouragements continuels et son soutien moral. Résumé Le but de ce travail est de dresser un inventaire de l’helminthofaune de la bogue, Boops boops (Linné, 1758) pêchée dans la côte occidentale algérienne et réaliser une étude systématique, ainsi qu’une approche écologique sur le parasitisme de cet hôte marin. L’échantillon a porté sur 62 individus sur une période étalée entre juillet 2007 à février 2008. Les expérimentations ont permis de révéler l’infestation de cet hôte par trois Helminthes (Trématodes, Cestodes et Nématodes). La microscopie optique et les dessins à la chambre claire nous ont permis d’identifier les parasites suivants : - Des Digènes appartenant à deux familles recueillis au niveau de l’estomac, de l’intestin et du caecum. La famille des Hemiuridae (Looss, 1899) et celle des Cryptogonimidae (Ciurea, 1933) ou Faustulidae (Poche, 1926). - Des Cestodes au stade larvaire : ce sont des plérocercoides appartenant à l’ordre des Tétraphyllidés et souvent appelées Scolex polymorphus (Rudolphi, 1819) ou Scolex pleuronectis (Müller, 1788). Chez les Hemiuridae (Looss, 1899), trois genres différents ont été identifiés : Aphanurus (Looss, 1907) , appartenant à la sous famille des Lecithasterinae (Odhner, 1905) et l’espèce est Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) ; Lecithocladium (Lühe, 1901) appartenant à la sous famille des Dinurinae (Looss, 1907) et l’espèce est Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) et Hemiurus (Rudolphi, 1809), appartenant à la sous famille des Hemiurinae (Looss, 1899). Le Digène appartenant à la famille des Cryptogonimidae, Faustulidae a été classé dans le genre Bacciger (Nicoll, 1914) et appartient à la sous famille des Baccigerinae et l’espèce est Bacciger israelensis (Fishthal, 1980). Mots clés : Helminthofaune, Digènes, Cestodes, Boops boops , côte occidentale algérienne. Abstract The objective of this study is to hold an inventory of the Helminth fauna of boops boops (Linné, 1758) captured from the west Algerian coasts, realize a systematic study and an ecological approach about this marine host’s parasitism. A total of 62 Bogue was collected and examined between July (2007) and February (2008). The host is infested by three Helminths (Trematods, Cestodes and Nematodes). After using an optical microscope; the taken parasites were identified : -Two families of Digeneans parasites : Hemiuridae (Looss, 1899) and Cryptogonimidae (Ciurea, 1933) or Faustulidae (Poche, 1926) were recovered from the stomach, intestine and ceaca. -Larval stage of Cestodes (Plerocercoides) belonged to the order of the Tetraphyllidea and named as Scolex polymorphus (Rudolphi, 1819) or Scolex pleuronectis (Müller, 1788). At the Hemiuridae (Looss, 1899), three genera were recorded: Aphanurus (Looss, 1907) , belonged to the Lecithasterinae (Odhner, 1905) subfamily and the specie is Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891). Lecithocladium (Lühe, 1901) belonged to the Dinurinae (Looss, 1907) s ubfamily and excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) specie. Hemiurus (Rudolphi, 1809) belonged to the Hemiurinae (Looss, 1899) s ubfamily . The Digenean belonged to the family (Cryptogonimidae, Faustulidae) is recorded as Bacciger (Nicoll, 1914) and belonged to the Baccigerinae s ubfamily and israelensis (Fishtail, 1980) specie . Key-words : Helminth fauna, Digeneans, Cestodes, Boops boops , west Algerian coasts. : : اف ا ه ارا ه و ان ا اا ا Boops boops ا اده ﺡ ا اا ي إ إ درا ت ها اع اك 62 ﻥع ا اآر أ و ذ اة اة ﺝ 2007 إ ا 2008 . ل ه اة أن ها ا ب ث ت : دان أاﻥ، دان ، دان ور . ا اي و ا ا اة ا اف إ ﺝ ن إ . - ﻥن Digène ا اة ، ا ء و ا . Hemiuridae ( Looss 1899) و Ciurea, 1933 ) Cryptogonimidae) أو Faustulidae . (Poche, 1926) - Looss, 1899) Hemiuridae) ، ا ف إ ﺙث أﻥاع : Aphanurus (Looss, 1907) اي إ Odhner, 1905 ) Lecithasterinae) و ﺝ .(Monticelli, 1891) Aphanurus stossichi Lühe, 1901 ) Lecithocladium) اي إ Looss, 1907) Dinurinae) و ﺝ Rudolphi, 1819) Lecithocladium excisum) و Hemiurus اي إ Hemiurinae (Looss, 1899) . أ Cryptogonimidae, Faustulidae ه ات اع Nicoll, 1914 ) Bacciger) اي إ Baccigerinae أ ا Bacciger (Fishthal, 1980) israelensis أ ر اان ا إ Tetraphyllidae از Scolex .pleuronectis آته: دان – Digène – دان – ا – اﺡ ا ااي . Liste des tableaux Tableau 1 : Inventaire des Digènes chez Boops boops …………………………24 Tableau 2 : Familles de Cestodes, la zone et les auteurs de ces espèces … 32 Tableau 3 : Echelle de maturité sexuelle des bogues femelles et mậles péchées dans la baie d’Oran………………………………………… 41 Tableau 4 : Taille de la première maturité sexuelle de Boops boops selon différents auteurs dans différentes régions……………………………. 42 Tableau 5 : Fiche de données biométriques et parasitologiques relevées chez la Bogue ( Boops boops ) …………………………………………… 51 Tableau 6 : Mensurations en (µm) du Digène du genre Aphanurus………… 56 Tableau 7 : Mensurations en (µm) du Digène appartenant au genre Lecithocladium …………………………………………………… 59 Tableau 8 : Mensurations en (µm) du Digène du genre Hemiurus …… 62 Tableau 9 : Mensurations en (µm) du Digène du genre Bacciger …………………………………………………………………… 65 Tableau 10 : Effectif des hôtes par classe de taille ………………………… 73 Tableau 11 : Variation des indices parasitaires par clase de taille chez Bacciger israelensis ……………………………………………………… 73 Tableau 12 : Comparaison des abondances de Bacciger israelensis et Aphanurus stossichi chez Boops boops ………………………………… 75 Liste des figures Figure 1 : Cycle évolutif des Monogènes…………………………………20 Figure 2 : Cycle évolutif des Digènes…………………………………. 22 Figure 3 : Phylogénie des ordres de Cestodes…………………………… 29 Figure 4 : Cycle évolutif des Cestodes………………………………… 30 Figure 5 : Cycle évolutif des Nématodes……………………………….. 33 Figure 6 : Morphologie de Boops boops (Linné, 1758)…………………. 38 Figure 7 : Les facteurs contribuant à la mortalité chez les Poissons……. 43 Figure 8 : Distribution géographique de Boops boops ………………… 44 Figure 9 : Position géographique de la zone d’étude…………………… 46 Figure 10 : Mensurations de Boops boops à l’aide de l’ichtyomètre……. 49 Figure 11 : Dissection de la Bogue Boops boops ……………………… 50 Figure 12 : Appareil
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