DOCSLIB.ORG

Chess in Jewish History and Hebrew Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chess in Jewish History and Hebrew Literature - 1 - CHESS IN JEWISH HISTORY AND HEBREW LITERATURE by Abraham Victor Keats of University College Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London 1993 ProQuest Number: 10105699 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10105699 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 “ 2" Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to deai with the origins of chess before AD 500 with attention to the record of sources and commentaries in the Babylonian Talmud. At the same time the names of other games which could be connected with chess are analysed. It is argued that Jews played a part in the the spread of chess through the Jewish Khazars. Medieval Jewish writing on chess (primarily in Spain) demonstrate possible Jewish influence on the development of chess in the Middle Ages. Also allusions to chess in Hebrew Literature are recorded together with background material on the historical periods concerned. Among the main Sources are JEHUDAH - HA- LEVI who made one of the earliest significant European references to chess in HA -KUSARI. DISCIPLINA CLERICALIS is cited as an example of the role played by Jews in the pattern of transmission of chess to Europe in the 11th and 12th Century. Jewish literary references to chess after AD 1600, and the re-discovery of the earlier texts from the DE LUDIS ORIENTALIBUS are cited with special reference to the volume entitled SHAHLUDIUM TRADITUM in TRIBUS SCRIPTIS HEBRAICs of Thomas Hyde. The most important of these three works being the 11th Century Hebrew Rhythmic verse of Abraham - Ibn - Ezra which at such a remarkably early date contains probably the earliest Rules of chess written in Europe. This is followed by an ELEGANT ORATORIO by IBN - YEHIA. The third work, MA’ADONEH MELECH which Hyde ascribes to an anonymous author is shown to have been written by YEHUDA Dl MODENA. Its rich Hebrew language is underscored with my Concordance Notations of Biblical Phraseology. This is extended by revivals of DE LUDIS ORIENTALIBUS in the (1) 18th Century German commentaries and translations by Ludimagistro and (2) in a French publication entitled DELICE ROYALE by Leon Hollanderski (1884). A chess manuscript is discovered to be by a Proselyte ABU ZACHARYA, whose writings retrieve and revive otherwise lost 9th C. Arabic chess studies and records. Chess in the MA’ASEH book, Moses Mendelsohn and Lessing’s Nathan the Wise are also presented. This is followed by two of the most important Hebrew chess works of the first half of the 19th Century. The Hebrew chess Treatise by Zevi Uri Rubinstein , LIMUDEI-HA- INYANAI VE - HAMASEH-BEDARCHEI HASCHOK - HANIRA - SCHACHSPIEL is translated and explained. JACOB EICHENBAUM’s 1840 Poem ''HA-KRAV' is also translated and explained as based upon a game of STAMM A. Talmudic references to chess and other chess texts (one in Pahlavi) coincide as being of . approximately the same period in pre-dating the assertion contained in Firdausi’s mythological account of the invention of chess at the time of Chosroes I. The Talmudic word for chess suggests that the conclusion that the origin of chess is associated with the period of Alexander the Great. This argument is supported by a Vatican Library Hebrew manuscript containing an extract from SECRETUM SECRETORUM. The importance of Jewish influence upon the development of chess is underscored by important books, as landmarks in chess. History which are shown to have been written directly by Jews or “Gonversos”. Among these are ALPHONSO’s” LIBRO DIVERSOS DE ACEDREX, DADOS-Y-TABLAS translated by Don Zag Ibn Cid and others. However an equally important and rare volume is by LUIS Dl LUCENA, who is presented as a MARRANO, the father of modern chess with a newly researched explanation of the AMORES part in REPETITION DE AMORES EARTE DEAXEDREZ, 1497 A.D. This is provided with greater breadth by newly researched links with CELESTINA Y CALISTu an6 MELIBOEA. - 3 - CONTENTS 1 introduction 4 Overview 4 Sir Thomas Hyde: The Book of Oriental Games 6 The influence of Hyde 1 3 Moritz Steinschneider: Chess Among the Jews 1 9 2 Chess and Other Games in the Talmud 22 Texts and Commentaries 2 2 Firdausi and the Shahnama 3 4 ‘Alexander's Game’ 4 0 Postscript 4 5 3 The Jewish 'Golden Age’: Chess in Medieval Spain 59 Arab and Jew 5 9 Moses Cohen: Disciplina Clericalis 6 3 Judah Halevi: Ha-Kuzari 6 5 Abraham Ibn Ezra: Verses on the Game of Chess 7 0 The Chess Poem of Bonsenior Ibn Yehia 7 9 Chess and Society -- and Gambling 8 3 The Alphonse Manuscript 8 7 Abu Zachariya Jahja Ben Ibrahim Al-Hakim 9 4 The New Chess: Lucena and Ruy Lopez 1 0 0 Postscript 110 4 Chess and Jewish Literature: the Post-Renaissance Period 120 The Anonymous Treatise The Delight of Kings 1 2 0 Chess and Morals: Some Further Views 1 4 3 Two Stories from the Ma'aseh Book 1 5 6 Moses Mendelssohn and Lessing’sNathan the Wise 1 5 9 Zevi Uri Rubinstein 1 6 6 Léon Hollaenderski: Délices royales 1 76 Jacob Eichenbaum: The Struggle 1 8 3 Chronological Table 197 Bibliography 2 0 4 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Surveying the history of chess over the past century and a half, it is impossible to overlook either the successes of Jewish chessplayers or their contribution to the game’s extensive literature. What is less well understood is the Jewish role in earlier phases of chess history. To assist in clarifying that role is the aim of the present dissertation. Chapter 2 will take us back to the earliest documentary records of the game. It will focus on the question whether Jews were familiar with chess in the era of the Talmud. The task will be to examine a number of partly enigmatic talmudic passages referring to games, and to decide whether these games can be understood as a form of chess. I shall review the controversy surrounding the issue and draw independent conclusions from it. These textual enigmas involve fundamental questions about when and where chess originated. A widespread view is that chess could not be mentioned in the Talmud, since it only arrived in the areas of Jewish settlement after the Talmud was completed. According to this view, chess was ‘invented’ in India and only travelled westwards to Persia in the sixth century. Recently, this hypothesis on the origin of the game has been called into question. In critically examining it, I shall weigh it against alternative hypotheses which permit and invite us to read the relevant passages in the Talmud as references to chess. Chapter 3 deals with an epoch of notable developments in chess history -- the period when the game was introduced into Europe by the Arab conquerors of Spain. The contribution made to chess and its literature by Spanish Jews will be viewed in the light of their intellectual and cultural pre-eminence. The availability of their talents to both Mohammedan and Christian governments, and their consequent role (particularly as translators) in the transfer of knowledge between Arab and Christian worlds, will be seen as the context in which the Jews furthered the dissemination of chess. The specific texts through - 5 - which this argument is presented are in part unpublished or little known, and some are translated into English here for the first time. In some cases, the mention of chess is incidental — the playing of chess figures as an object of moral judgement, or the game supplies an analogy illustrating a didactic point. In other cases chess itself is the central theme, a subject of analysis or celebration in poetry or prose. Chapter 4 continues the story into the sixteenth century and beyond. The material here comes from various parts of Europe, and again is varied in character. It includes practical, technical treatises for the chessplayer; references to chess in legal and moral arguments, partly derived from unpublished manuscripts; evocations of the game in verse; and anecdotal material expressive of attitudes to chess and the status accorded to it. My survey terminates in the mid-nineteenth century, since from that period onwards, the ground has been covered at some length by previous writers. Of the sources I have used, there is one that must be singled out for special discussion. This is the treatise De Ludis Orientalibus, written in Latin by Sir Thomas Hyde (1636-1702) and published in 1694. This has long been recognized as the first study of chess history to be based on authentic scholarship. All subsequent chess historians of any note are indebted to it,^ yet I believe that the material and insights it offers have yet to be ^ In his monumental work A History of Chess (Oxford, 1913), p. 841, H.J.R.Murray calls Hyde’s book 'the first really scientific contribution to the history of chess’. On pp. 19-21 below, we shall see that the other ‘standard’ chess history - Antonius van der Linde, Geschichte und Litteratur des Schachspiels (Berlin, 1874) - also makes extensive use of Hyde’s material.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Information Issued by The
    Vol. XV No. 10 October, 1960 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE. ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN t FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY ROAD (Comer Fairfax Road), Offict and Consulting Hours : LONDON, N.W.3 Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—I p.m. 3—6 p.m. Talephona: MAIda Vala 9096'7 (General Officel Friday 10 a.m.—I p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency and Social Services Dept.} 'Rudolf Hirschfeld (Monlevideo) a few others. Apart from them, a list of the creators of all these important German-Jewish organisations in Latin America would hardly con­ tain a name of repute outside the continent. It GERMAN JEWS IN SOUTH AMERICA it without any doubt a good sign that post-1933 German Jewry has been able to produce an entirely new generation of vigorous and success­ I he history of the German-Jewish organisations abroad '"—to assert this would be false—they ful leaders. =8ins in each locality the moment the first ten consider themselves as the sons of the nation In conclusion two further aspects have to be r^Ple from Germany disembark. In the few which has built up the State of Israel, with the mentioned : the relationship with the Jews around thp "if- ^^^^^ Jewish groups were living before consciousness that now at last they are legitimate us, and the future of the community of Jews from ne Hitler period the immigrants were helped by members of the national families of the land they Central Europe. Jewish life in South America ne earlier arrivals. But it is interesting that this inhabit at present.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Encyclopedia
    Jewish Encyclopedia The History, Religion, Literature, And Customs Of The Jewish People From The Earliest Times To The Present Day Volume XII TALMUD – ZWEIFEL New York and London FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY MDCCCCVI ZIONISM: Movement looking toward the segregation of the Jewish people upon a national basis and in a particular home of its own: specifically, the modern form of the movement that seeks for the Jews “a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine,” as initiated by Theodor Herzl in 1896, and since then dominating Jewish history. It seems that the designation, to distinguish the movement from the activity of the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his paper “Selbstemancipation,” 1886 (see “Ost und West,” 1902, p. 576: Ahad ha – ‘Am, “Al Parashat Derakim,” p. 93, Berlin, 1903). Biblical Basis The idea of a return of the Jews to Palestine has its roots in many passages of Holy Writ. It is an integral part of the doctrine that deals with the Messianic time, as is seen in the constantly recurring expression, “shub shebut” or heshib shebut,” used both of Israel and of Judah (Jer. xxx, 7,1; Ezek. Xxxix. 24; Lam. Ii. 14; Hos. Vi. 11; Joel iv. 1 et al.). The Dispersion was deemed merely temporal: ‘The days come … that … I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof … and I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land” (Amos ix.
    [Show full text]
  • Lisa Fredman RASHI's WOMEN: PROTOTYPES in PROVERBS
    Lisa Fredman Dr. Lisa Fredman recently published A Critical Edition of Rashi’s Commentary to Proverbs. She was the founding Principal of the YTA Girls’ High School in Jerusalem and is currently a lecturer of Bible at Efrata College. RASHI’S WOMEN: PROTOTYPES IN PROVERBS he book of Proverbs is replete with text on the theme of women. It mentions many different types of women, and even abstract T concepts such as Madame Wisdom and Madame Folly (chap. 8). If we attempt to group these women, we can discern two general catego- ries: evil women and virtuous women.1 How are these two prototypical women, the evil and the virtuous, treated by Rashi in his commentary to Proverbs? Is each one considered individually, or can an overall order or pattern be detected regarding their treatment? Rashi’s commentary to Proverbs is a two-tiered one, similar to his commentary on the other biblical books. In his other scriptural commen- taries, however, Rashi generally uses the term midrasho to put forth the non-literal meaning and the word peshuto to introduce the literal explana- tion; here he presents new exegetical terms to explain the two levels of understanding.2 The word mashal denotes the allegorical meaning, and This article is an expansion of a lecture delivered at the Association for Jewish Studies Conference in San Diego, December 2019. I would like to thank Professor Jordan S. Penkower for reviewing this paper and offering valuable comments and suggestions. 1 In each category they are called by numerous names. For example, the evil woman is titled isha zara (Prov.
    [Show full text]
  • Moritz Steinschneider. the Hebrew Translations of the Middle Ages and the Jews As Transmitters Vol I
    springer.com Charles H. Manekin, Y. Tzvi Langermann, Hans Hinrich Biesterfeldt (Eds.) Moritz Steinschneider. The Hebrew Translations of the Middle Ages and the Jews as Transmitters Vol I. Preface. General Remarks. Jewish Philosophers Series: Amsterdam Studies in Jewish Philosophy Provides indispensible reference work for "The Hebrew Translations of the Middle Ages" Contains classic reference for the history of science and philosophy among the Jews 2013, VI, 255 p. Offers an update and translation of the greatest work of the Jewish Printed book scholarship of the 19th century Hardcover This book deals with medieval Jewish authors who wrote in Arabic, such as Moses 99,99 € | £89.99 | $119.99 Maimonides, Judah Halevi, and Solomon Ibn Gabirol, as well as the Hebrew translations and [1]106,99 € (D) | 109,99 € (A) | CHF commentaries of Judaeo-Arabic philosophy. It brings up to date a part of Moritz Steinschneider’ 118,00 s monumental Die hebraeischen Uebersetzungen des Mittelalters und die Juden als Softcover Dolmetscher (The Hebrew Translations of the Middle Ages and the Jews as Transmitters), 99,99 € | £89.99 | $119.99 which was first published in 1893 and remains to this day the authoritative account of the [1]106,99 € (D) | 109,99 € (A) | CHF transmission and development of Arabic and Latin, and, by way of those languages, Greek 118,00 culture to medieval and renaissance Jews. In the work presented here, Steinschneider’s bibliography has been updated, some of his scholarly judgments have been judiciously revised eBook and an exhaustive listing of pertinent Hebrew manuscripts and their whereabouts has been 85,59 € | £71.50 | $89.00 provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Islām and Genesis 17
    religions Article Islam¯ and Genesis 17: A Study in Scriptural Intertextuality Khaleel Mohammed Department of Religious Studies, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-6062, USA; [email protected] Received: 25 August 2018; Accepted: 17 September 2018; Published: 28 September 2018 Abstract: Abraham Geiger’s 1833 essay launched a particular genre of research that posits foreign etymology for many terms in the Qur’an.¯ Whereas some work has been erudite, others have posited far-fetched concepts to the point where at least one author opines that Aramaic was the original language of the Qur’an.¯ Muslim exegetes have compounded the problem by seeking to interpret the Qur’an¯ on its own, without reference to other Abrahamic scriptures. I argue that Muhammad’s audience understood him clearly since he was using terms that had become part of the Arabic language long before his time. I examine three terms: islam,¯ iman,¯ and d¯ın, showing that the meaning of these words in the Qur’an¯ can be deciphered by reliance on context of usage and intertextuality. To this end, I refer to several verses of the Qur’an¯ as well as of the Hebrew Bible and Talmudic literature. A proper understanding of these words allows us to see Q3:19 and Q5:3 as pluralistic instead of the particularistic interpretation that most exegetes proffer. Keywords: Islam; Iman; Din; Qur’an;¯ Aramaic; Hebrew; Hebrew Bible; Talmud; Onkelos Abraham Geiger’s 1833 essay Was hat Muhammad aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen postulated that the Qur’an¯ was largely unoriginal: Muhammad had compiled it using at least 14 terms from the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic literature, in addition to several other Jewish concepts (Geiger 1970, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire
    94i2 . 7401 F81p v.3 1267473 GENEALOGY COLLECTION 3 1833 00727 0389 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center http://www.archive.org/details/pedigreesofcount03fost PEDIGREES YORKSHIRE FAMILIES. PEDIGREES THE COUNTY FAMILIES YORKSHIRE COMPILED BY JOSEPH FOSTER AND AUTHENTICATED BY THE MEMBERS, OF EACH FAMILY VOL. fL—NORTH AND EAST RIDING LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE COMPILER BY W. WILFRED HEAD, PLOUGH COURT, FETTER LANE, E.G. LIST OF PEDIGREES.—VOL. II. t all type refer to fa Hies introduced into the Pedigrees, i e Pedigree in which the for will be found on refer • to the Boynton Pedigr ALLAN, of Blackwell Hall, and Barton. CHAPMAN, of Whitby Strand. A ppleyard — Boynton Charlton— Belasyse. Atkinson— Tuke, of Thorner. CHAYTOR, of Croft Hall. De Audley—Cayley. CHOLMELEY, of Brandsby Hall, Cholmley, of Boynton. Barker— Mason. Whitby, and Howsham. Barnard—Gee. Cholmley—Strickland-Constable, of Flamborough. Bayley—Sotheron Cholmondeley— Cholmley. Beauchamp— Cayley. CLAPHAM, of Clapham, Beamsley, &c. Eeaumont—Scott. De Clare—Cayley. BECK.WITH, of Clint, Aikton, Stillingfleet, Poppleton, Clifford, see Constable, of Constable-Burton. Aldborough, Thurcroft, &c. Coldwell— Pease, of Hutton. BELASYSE, of Belasvse, Henknowle, Newborough, Worlaby. Colvile, see Mauleverer. and Long Marton. Consett— Preston, of Askham. Bellasis, of Long Marton, see Belasyse. CLIFFORD-CONSTABLE, of Constable-Burton, &c. Le Belward—Cholmeley. CONSTABLE, of Catfoss. Beresford —Peirse, of Bedale, &c. CONSTABLE, of Flamborough, &c. BEST, of Elmswell, and Middleton Quernhow. Constable—Cholmley, Strickland. Best—Norcliffe, Coore, of Scruton, see Gale. Beste— Best. Copsie—Favell, Scott. BETHELL, of Rise. Cromwell—Worsley. Bingham—Belasyse.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycle Patterns of Cognitive Performance Over the Long
    Life cycle patterns of cognitive performance over the long run Anthony Strittmattera,1 , Uwe Sundeb,1,2, and Dainis Zegnersc,1 aCenter for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST)/Ecole´ nationale de la statistique et de l’administration economique´ Paris (ENSAE), Institut Polytechnique Paris, 91764 Palaiseau Cedex, France; bEconomics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 80539 Munchen,¨ Germany; and cRotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands Edited by Robert Moffit, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Jose A. Scheinkman September 21, 2020 (received for review April 8, 2020) Little is known about how the age pattern in individual perfor- demanding tasks, however, and are limited in terms of compara- mance in cognitively demanding tasks changed over the past bility, technological work environment, labor market institutions, century. The main difficulty for measuring such life cycle per- and demand factors, which all exhibit variation over time and formance patterns and their dynamics over time is related to across skill groups (1, 19). Investigations that account for changes the construction of a reliable measure that is comparable across in skill demand have found evidence for a peak in performance individuals and over time and not affected by changes in technol- potential around ages of 35 to 44 y (20) but are limited to short ogy or other environmental factors. This study presents evidence observation periods that prevent an analysis of the dynamics for the dynamics of life cycle patterns of cognitive performance of the age–performance profile over time and across cohorts. over the past 125 y based on an analysis of data from profes- An additional problem is related to measuring productivity or sional chess tournaments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religious Implications of an Historical Approach to Jewish Studies
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 482 214 SO 035 468 AUTHOR Furst, Rachel TITLE The Religious Implications of an Historical Approach to Jewish Studies. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 59p.; Prepared by the Academy for Torah Initiatives and Directions (Jerusalem, Israel). AVAILABLE FROM Academy for Torah Initiatives and Directions,9 HaNassi Street, Jerusalem 92188, Israel. Tel: 972-2-567-1719; Fax: 972-2-567-1723; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.atid.org/ . PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Curriculum Development; Discourse Communities; *Jews; *Judaism; *Religion Studies; *Religious Factors; Research Methodology; Scholarship IDENTIFIERS Historical Methods; *Jewish Studies; *Torah ABSTRACT This project examines the religious implications of an approach to "limmudei kodesh" (primarily the study of Talmud) and "halakhah" (an integration of academic scholarship with traditional Torah study and the evaluation of the educational pros and cons of a curriculum built on such a synthesis) .In the concerted effort over the past century to develop a program of "Torah U-Madda" that synthesizes Torah and worldly pursuits, Torah scholars have endorsed the value of secular knowledge as a complimentary accoutrement to the "Talmud Torah" endeavor, but few have validated the application of secular academic tools and methodologies to Torah study or developed a model for such integrated Torah learning. The Torah scholar committed to synthesis seeks to employ historical knowledge and methodological tools in the decoding of halakhic texts as a means of contributing to the halakhic discourse. Traditional "Talmud Torah" does not address the realm of pesak halakhah, but it is nonetheless considered the highest form of religious expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Printing Trends in Board & Card Games
    Printing Trends in Board & Card Games Jessica Lee Riddell Graphic Communication Department | College of Liberal Arts | California Polytechnic State University June 2013 Abstract The board and card game industry are facing growing pressures from digital games, as video and social media games become more prevalent. Emerging print and media technologies, namely printed electronics and augmented reality, could provide a board and card gaming experience that would draw in gamers who typically play digital games. The expected outcomes of the literature research, industry and market surveys, and subsequent paper are an understanding of the history of games, the current state of the game manufacturing and publishing industry, and attitudes of gamers who would be playing games embedded with the emerging technologies. A2 Table of Contents Abstract . 2 Table of Contents . 3 Chapter 1: Purpose of the Study . 4 Significance of the Study . 4 Interest in the Study . 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 6 History of Game Art and Production . 7 History of Game Technology . 8 Current Game Art and Production . 9 Current Game Technology . 11 Chapter 3: Research Methodology . 13 Objectives . 13 Samples Studied . 13 Data . 14 Analysis . 14 Chapter 4: Results . 15 Industry Survey . 15 Publishers . 15 Manufacturers . 16 Developers . 16 Print and Substrate Analysis . 17 Chapter 5: Conclusion . 18 References . 20 Appendices. 22 Appendix 1: Survey questions . 22 Appendix 2: Publisher Response . 26 Appendix 3: Publisher Response (Document) . 30 Appendix 4: Game Developer Response . 31 Appendix 5: Overview of Industry Survey Results . 35 Appendix 6: Print Analysis Overview . 36 Appendix 7: Gamer Survey Response . 40 T3 Purpose of the Study Design, production, and technology have a circular relationship.
    [Show full text]
  • Jaque N° 068.Pdf
    SUMARIO Editorial y presentación . • . 1 KORCHNOI, virtual clasificado para la final de candidatos (por José M.ª González) 3 FOGONAZOS . • . • • • • . 9 V Torneo de Lanza rote. Orestes Rodríguez Vencedor (por Félix del Hoyo) .....• . •.. 11 Las defensas GRUNFELD y Francesa (Comentarios del G. M. Laszlo Szabo) . .... 13 ..... Calvo, el jugador español más exitoso de 1976 (por Romelio Milian González) 16 La partida del mes (por Svetozar Gligoric) . • .. ... ..•. •• 18 Apertura Española ·Variante abierta (XI) (por Benito López Esnaola) . • • . .•. 28 XII Capa blanca in memoriam: Cuba evidencia su desarrollo (por Romelio Milián) .. 31 Portisch, con mayores posibilidades que Spassky (por José M.ª González) . ... ... 34 . 39 Noticias del Brasil . • . • . Rotundo éxito de las 11 doce horas Valencianas. Angel Martín Vencedor . .... ... .. 41 Campeonatos Provinciales de Zaragoza . ...•, ...... ...•. • • . •.. ..... .. 41 Acompañada de María del Pino García Nieves García vencedora del X V 111 Campeonato de España Femenino Del 1 O al 17 de julio pasado se celebró, Marta Mendoza, de Tenerife, casi nueva en el Hostal Rey Don Sancho, de Zamora, en estas lides, desmostró que de seguir la XVIII edición del Campeonato de Es­ en esta línea habrá que contar con ella paña Femenino, bajo la organización de en el futuro. Concepción Canela, a la al­ aquella Federación de Ajedrez y por sis­ tura que de ella hay que esperar y tal vez tema suizo a 8 rondas, desempates Bu­ ·superar. La irunesa Julita Gallego pasó cholz. por circunstancias imprevistas que no -le permitieron jugar en sus condiciones ha­ Venció NIEVES GARCIA, que aunque bituales, y a pesar de todo clasificó de­ partía en plan de favorita dada su ex­ lante de algunas consagradas.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Beginning the Conversation
    NOTES 1 Beginning the Conversation 1. Jacob Katz, Exclusiveness and Tolerance: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Medieval and Modern Times (New York: Schocken, 1969). 2. John Micklethwait, “In God’s Name: A Special Report on Religion and Public Life,” The Economist, London November 3–9, 2007. 3. Mark Lila, “Earthly Powers,” NYT, April 2, 2006. 4. When we mention the clash of civilizations, we think of either the Spengler battle, or a more benign interplay between cultures in individual lives. For the Spengler battle, see Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). For a more benign interplay in individual lives, see Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1999). 5. Micklethwait, “In God’s Name.” 6. Robert Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005). “Interview with Robert Wuthnow” Religion and Ethics Newsweekly April 26, 2002. Episode no. 534 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week534/ rwuthnow.html 7. Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity, 291. 8. Eric Sharpe, “Dialogue,” in Mircea Eliade and Charles J. Adams, The Encyclopedia of Religion, first edition, volume 4 (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 345–8. 9. Archbishop Michael L. Fitzgerald and John Borelli, Interfaith Dialogue: A Catholic View (London: SPCK, 2006). 10. Lily Edelman, Face to Face: A Primer in Dialogue (Washington, DC: B’nai B’rith, Adult Jewish Education, 1967). 11. Ben Zion Bokser, Judaism and the Christian Predicament (New York: Knopf, 1967), 5, 11. 12. Ibid., 375.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom for Irv, Who Introduced Me to Chess and Other Wonders Contents
    A History Birth of the Chess Queen C Marilyn Yalom For Irv, who introduced me to chess and other wonders Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction xii Selected Rulers of the Period xx part 1 • the mystery of the chess queen’ s birth One Chess Before the Chess Queen 3 Two Enter the Queen! 15 Three The Chess Queen Shows Her Face 29 part 2 • spain, italy, and germany Four Chess and Queenship in Christian Spain 39 Five Chess Moralities in Italy and Germany 59 part 3 • france and england Six Chess Goes to France and England 71 v • contents Seven Chess and the Cult of the Virgin Mary 95 Eight Chess and the Cult of Love 109 part 4 • scandinavia and russia Nine Nordic Queens, On and Off the Board 131 Ten Chess and Women in Old Russia 151 part 5 • power to the queen Eleven New Chess and Isabella of Castile 167 Twelve The Rise of “Queen’s Chess” 187 Thirteen The Decline of Women Players 199 Epilogue 207 Notes 211 Index 225 About the Author Praise Other Books by Marilyn Yalom Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher Waking Piece The world dreams in chess Kibitzing like lovers Pawn’s queened redemption L is a forked path only horses lead. Rook and King castling for safety Bishop boasting of crossways slide. Echo of Orbit: starless squared sky. She alone moves where she chooses. Protecting helpless monarch, her bidden skill. Attacking schemers, plotters, blundered all. Game eternal. War breaks. She enters. Check mate. Hail Queen. How we crave Her majesty. —Gary Glazner Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the vast philo- logical, archaeological, literary, and art historical research of pre- vious writers, most notably from Germany and England.
    [Show full text]