A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS 3 •

Vol. 33, No. 42 October 15-21, 1990

TY, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FRIENDSHIP, PROGRES

BeijingR^jir VOL. 33, NO. 42 OCT. 15-21, 1990

CONTENTS

EVENTS/TRENDS 4 9 11 th Comes to Golden End Table: 11th Asian Games'Gold Asiad Rounded Off Medal Tally (Sept. 28 - Oct. 6) Sine-Singaporean Diplomatic Ties Launches 30th Satellite • The Beijing 11th Asian Games ended on October 7 as Plane Crash Takes 127 Lives China's Zhao Jianhua beat out his fellow player Yang Yang to Consumer Market Picks up in win the men's signles title. A review of the thrilling Cities competitions of the final days and of the closing ceremony China's Population Down to Size performances, along with public comments on the opening ceremony and the Asiad, is presented (p. 15). INTERNATIONAL China's Important Role in World Affairs 10 Can Apartheid Be Eliminated? 11 Consumer Marlcet Recovering

CHINA • Business in China's major consumer markets began to recov• A Gala Meeting of 'Unity, er in August from its year-long slump. Retail sales have shown Friendship, Progress' 15 Public Opinion on the Asian remarkable activity with the sales volume in 35 major depart• Games 22 ment stores reaching US$132 million, a 25 percent increase 'The Star-Spangled over the same period last year. Beijing's retail market is even Night'—Pageantry at the closing more encouraging with the sales volume growing faster than ceremony of the XI Asiad 25 any other city in China (p. 6).

PICTORIAL:

The 11 th Asian Games (centrefold) Can Apartlieid Be Eradicated?

FROM THE CHINESE PRESS 28 • Despite a tortuous process. South Africa's reform is moving in a positive direction. Now, the future of apartheid will be BUSINESS/TRADE 29 31 decided by negotiations between the African National Con• gress and the South African government (p. 16). CULTURE/SCIENCE 32 34 COVER: Asian athletes at the Beijing Badaling Great Wall. Photo by Xue Chao

General Editorial Office Published every Monday by BEIJING REVIEW Subscription rates (1 year): Tel: 8314318 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 Australia.. .A.$30.50 TLX: 222374 FLPDA CN The People's Republic of China New Zealand NZ.$40.50 FAX: 8314318 Distributed by China International Book UK CI 6.50 English Dept. Tel: 8315599 Ext, 546 Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN) USA.. US$30.50 P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Canada. ..Can.$30.50 EVENTS / TRENDS

Games in the spirit of brother• hood and for the good of human- ity." The Asiad attacted a record high of more than 6,000 partici• pants from 37 countries and re• gions in Asia. In the 16 days, the athletes had competed with vigour and con• fidence in the Olympic spirit of "Faster, Higher, and Stronger." A letter written by China's State Council to the Games' Or• ganizing Committee says that the achievements and standard of the Uth Asian Games as well as the Chinese people's organizing ability have attracted world at• Fireworks bring the closing ceremony of the Asiad to a triumphant end. tention. The letter owes much of the success of the 11th Asiad to China's political and social 11th Asian Games Comes to Golden End stability and economic develop• ment. • grand ceremony held on the Olympic Council of Asia October 7 marked the end (OCA), told an audience of 70,- A of the 11th Asian Games 000 at the Beijing Workers' Stad• Sino-Singaporean which lasted 16 days in Beijing. ium that Asia's young people Diplomatic Ties Roy de Silva, vice president of should "celebrate the Asian hina and Singapore an• nounced in New York on Table I: Medals Tally of the 11th Asiad C October 3 the establish• ment of diplomatic relations be• Countries (Regions) Gold Silver Bronze Total tween the two countries. China 183 107 51 341 54 54 73 181 "The government of the Peo• Japan 38 60 76 174 ple's Republic of China and the Korea 12 31 39 82 government of the Republic of Iran 4 6 8 18 Singapore will establish diplom• 4 1 7 12 atic relations beginning October Indonesia 3 6 21 30 3, 1990, which follow the Five Qatar 3 2 1 6 Principles of Peaceful Coex• 2 7 8 17 istence and the Charter of the 2 2 4 8 United Nations (UN)," stated a 1 8 14 23 joint communique signed at the Mongolia 1 7 9 17 UN headquarters by Chinese the Philipines 1 2 7 10 Foreign Minister Qian Qichen Syria 1 0 2 3 Oman 1 0 0 1 and Singaporean Foreign Minis• Chinese Taibei 0 10 21 31 ter Wong Kan Seng. Hong Kong 0 2 5 7 Qian said, after the signing Sri Lanka 0 2 1 3 ceremony, that the establishment Singapore 0 1 4 5 of diplomatic ties with Singapore Bangladesh 0 1 0 1 has ushered China's relationship Burma 0 0 2 2 with the Association of South• Laos 0 0 1 1 east Asian Nations (ASEAN) in Macao 0 0 1 1 Nepal 0 0 1 1 a period of all-round devel• Saudi Arabia 0 0 1 1 opment. China has friendly and Total 310 309 357 976 co-operative relations with the

4 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS

ASEAN countries, having esta• The satellite tracking and con• blished diplomatic relations with trol centre in Xian, capital of Plane Crash five of the six member states. Shaanxi Province, has been mon• Takes 127 Lives The new relations between the itoring the satellite, and various two countries will also produce technical parameters show that ne hundred and twenty- positive impacts on resolving re• the meters and instruments on seven people died and 53 gional conflicts and maintaining the satellite have been working O were injured in a plane peace and stability in the region, well. crash at 's Baiyun particularly on the settlement of The satellite carried animals Airport on the morrting of Octo• the Cambodian issue, Qian said. and plants so that their reactions ber 2. Singapore is an important under conditions of weightless• According to report by an in• trading partner of China, Qian ness can be observed. vestigating team dealing with the said. He expected that the econo• The satellite is scheduled to re• aftermath of the crash, of the mic and trade relations between turn to earth in eight days. It dead 36 were from Taiwan, Hong the two countries will grow is the 30th satellite successfully Kong and Macao, 90 from the further. launched by China. • mainland of China, and one Singapore became China's sixth largest trade partner last year, when the two-way trade to• talled US$3.2 billion, a 27 per• Table II: 11th Asian Games' Gold Medal Tally (Sept. 28 - Oct. 6) cent increase over the previous year. Date Event Ctr/Regn Winners Records Latest customs statistics show Sept.28 Shoot. W.'s s-b s.r. that current bilateral trade vol• •3x20 China team 1,722 ume stands at US$1.73 billion, a M.'s air psl.60 China team 1,739 10 percent drop from the cor• M.'s air psl.60 responding period of last year. ind. China Zheng Shengge 680.8 W.'s s-b s.r. However, the slump was not sig• 3x20 ind. Japan Minamoto Yoko 674.1 nificant as large quantities of M.'s 50m r.t. goods will be delivered in the last 40 China team 1,168 quarter of this year. M.'s 50m r.t. Qian, on behalf of the Chinese 40 ind. China Huang Shiping 393 government, invited Prime Min• Swimm. W.'s 200m ister Lee Kuan Yew to pay an butterfly China Wang Xiaohong 2.09'62 official visit to China in the near W.'s 200m future. backstroke China Lin Li 2.13'81 M.'s 1500m " The signing of this agree• freestyle Japan Fujimoto ment formalizes the diplomatic Masayuki 15.43'24 ties and it will, of course, only M.'s 200m strengthen the relations between medley ind. Japan Fujimoto Singapore and China," stated Takahiro 2.05'50 Foreign Minister Wong. • W.'s 50m freestyle China Yang Wenyi 25'86 M.'s 4x100 China Launches medley relay China 3.45'18 Cycl, M.'s 50km 30th Satellite points race S.Korea Park Min-soo W.'s 3km ind. hina successfully launched pursuit China Zhao Yi 4.01'57 another scientific experi• M.'s 4km ind. C mental satellite from the pursuit S.Korea Park Min-soo 4.55'16, space centre in Jiuquan, Athle. M.'d 100m Qatar Talal Mansoor 10'30 northwest China, at 2:15 pm on M.'s 20km Mao Xinyuan 1:23.16' October 5. walk China M.'s 110m The satellite was sent into or• hurdles China Yu Zhicheng 13'82 bit by a Long March 2 carrier M.'s shot put China Cheng Shaobo 18.89 rocket. M.'s 10,000m Japan Morishita

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 5. EVENTS/TRENDS woman from the United States. Koichi 28.47'96 There were 100 survivors. W.'s 200m China HanQing 23'42 The Boeing 737, Flight 8301 W.'s javelin China Zhang Li 66.00 of the Xiamen Airline .Co., was W.'s 800m China Li Wenhong 2.01'04 hijacked after taking off from W.'s 400m hurdles China Chen Juying 56'05 Xiamen at 6:57 am on October 2 Fencing M.'s foil team China en route to Guangzhou. Kabaddi India Upon learning of the hijack• Wgtlif. M.'s 60kg China He Yingqiang 300.0 ing, the civil aviation authorities M.'s 67.5kg DPRK King Myong Nam 342.5 immediately authorized the crew Judo W.'s 72kg Japan Yoko Tanabe to land at any airport, domestic W.'s over 72kg China Zhang Ying or otherwise, for the safety of the M.'s 95kg Japan Kai Yasuhiro airliner and its passengers. M.'s over 95kg DPRK Hwang Jae Gil The plane touched down at Softball China Baiyun Airport in Guangzhou at Shoot. M.'s skeet about 9:00 am, overshooting the team DPRK 438 main runway and slamming into W.'s skeet two other planes on the apron. team China 434 The Boeing 737 burst into W.'s air psl. flames. One of the two other team China 1,130 planes, with passengers aboard, W.'s air psl. was destroyed while the other, ind. China Wang Lina 482.0 empty, suffered severe dafnage. M.'s centre Following the accident, local • fire psl. China team 1,747 leaders rushed to the scene to M.'s centre S.Korea Park Byung-taek 589 direct the rescue efforts. fire psl. M.'s s-b f.r. Premier Li Peng flew to 3x40 S.Korea team 3,459 Guangzhou from Beijing that af• M.'s s-b f.r. ternoon. He inspected the crash 3x40 ind. S.Korea Lee Eun-chul 1,253.7 site, heard a report on the acci• Cycl. M.'s Japan Miwa Hideki dent and visited the injured at a W.'s sprint China Zhou Shumin local hospital. M.'s 4km team The airport returned to normal pursuit Japan 4.34'47 operation on the evening of that Athle. M.'s 400m Oman Mohammed day. The accident is still under Al-Maliki 45'81 W.'s high investigation. • jump Japan Megumi Sato 1.94 M.'s 1,500m Qatar Mohd Sulaiman 3.43'56 W.'s 4x400m Consumer Market relay China 3.33'57 Picks up in Cities M.'s decathlon Japan Munehiro Kaneko 7,799 Fencing M.'s team usiness in the country's ma• sabre China jor consumer markets be• Wushu W.'s nanquan China Chen Lihong 9.80 B gan to recover from the Wgtlif. M.'s 75kg DPRK Chon Choi Ho 345 year-long slump as urban sales M.'s 82.5kg S.Korea Yeom Dong-chul 357.5 volume picked up in August. Judo W.'s 66kg China Zhang Di Although there has not been a W.'s 61kg China Jin Xianglan basic turnaround in the overall M.'s 86kg Japan Hirotaka Okada sluggish market, retail sales in M.'s 78kg S.Korea Kim Byung-joo China's urban areas showed re• Sepak Takraw Malaysia markable activity recently. Shoot. M.'s s.p. 60 August saw the sales volume team China 1,708 in the country's 35 major dapart- M.'s s.p. 60 ment stores reach $US132 mil• ind. China Wang Hui 575 lion, 25 percent up from the M.'s 10m r.t. same period of last year. And the team China 1,707

6 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS

sales of 20 major commodi• M.'s 10m r.t. ties, including durable house• ind. DPRK RoChol Sik 660 hold electric appliances, also re• M.'s skeet ind. China Wang Zhonghua 220 gistered increases. W.'s skeet ind. China Zhang Shan 197 Economists and market an• DPRK Pak Jong Ran 197 Cycl. W.'s 70.03km alysts often refer to sales of these road race China Lu Suyan 2:07,06'396 durables, such as colour telev• Athle. M.'s S.Korea Kim Won Tak 2:12.56' ision sets and other household W.'s marathon China Zhao Youfeng 2:35.19' electrical appliances, as the baro• Swimm. Water pole China meter of market trends. Wushu M.'s taijiquan China Chen Sitan 9.75 Since May, sales volume of Wgtlif. M.'s 90kg S.Korea Kim Byung Chan 367.5 durable goods has continuously M.'s 100kg S.Korea Hwang Woo Won 355 risen and the country's total Judo W.'s 56kg China Li Zhongyun sales of 35 major stores, reached W.'s 52kg Japan Mutsumi Ueda $US27.4 million, 38.3 percent M.'s 71kg S.Korea Chung Hoon over the same period last year. M.'s 65kg Japan Masahiko Okuma Tab.Tns. Mixed doubles China Wei Qingguang The sales of gold jewelry were Deng Yaping also up in August with sales vol• Badminton.M.'s team China ume in 35 major stores reaching W.'s team China $US9.9 million, an increase of Yacht. Laser class S.Korea Park Gil Chul 58.7 percent over August of last Enterprise year. class Pakistan Although sales of clothes OP class Japan KazutoSeki didn't achieve the same success M.'s 470 class Japan as gold jewelry, stores sold 40.3 W.'s 470 class Japan W.'s L.A-390 million yuan worth of clothes, class China Zhang Xiaodong 0.9 percent more than they did in M.'s L.A-390 August last year. class China Jiang Chen The market situation in Bei• jing seemed even more encourag• Oct.l Athle. M.'s 50km ing. The sales volume of Beijing's walk China Zhou Zhaowen 4:08.33'' major stores grew faster than any M.'s long jumpChina Chen Zunrong 8.04 other city in the country. M.'s discus China Zhang Jinglong 61.18 In August, the capital's four W.'s shot put China Sui Xinmei 20.55 major supermarkets saw a record W.'s 3000m China Zhong Huandi 8.57'12 M.'s 4x400m sales volume, and in the first 10 relay Japan 3.05'82 days of September, sales in these Wgtlif. M.'s 110kg S.Korea Kim Tae Hyun 380 markets reached $US10.3 mil• M.'s over lion, an 11.6 percent increase 110kg China CaiLi 397.5 over the same period of the pre• Fencing W.'s epee ind. China Zhai Xiumin vious month. Wushu M.'s nanquan China He Qiang 9.80 Daily sales in Beijing's Wang- Judo W.'s 48kg Japan Fumiko Esaki fujing Dapartment Store and W.'s open class China Zhuang Xiaoyan Xidan Bazaar now total M.'s 60kg Japan Tadanori Koshino $US320,000. • M.'s open class Japan Hideyuki Sekine Cycl. M.'s 177.99km road race China Tang Xuezhong 4:20.48'683 Tab.Tns. W.'s singles China Deng Yaping China's Population M.'s singles China Ma Wenge Down to Size W.'s doubles S.Korea Hyun Jung-hwa Hong Cha-ok n the 18 years from 1971 to M.'s doubles China Ma Wenge, Chen Zhibin 1988 there were 200 million Oct.2 Athle. M.'s pole vault China Liang Xueren 5.62 I fewer babies born in China W.'s 100m than would have been the case in hurdles China Liu Huajin 12'73 the absence of a conprehensive M.'s javelin Japan Masami Yoshida 77.26 family planning programme. W.'s 100m China Tian Yumei ir8o

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 7 EVENTS/TRENDS "China's family planning pro• M.'s 3000ni gramme is the most successful of steeplechase Japan Kazuhito yamada 8.34'64 its kind in the world," comment• W.'s 400m China Li Guilian 52'13 ed Manfred Kulessa, representa• Diving W.'s Imsb. China Gao Min 526.62 tive of the United Nations (UN) M.'s Im sb. China Tan Liangde 642.75 Fund for Population Activities Wrestl. M.'s fs. 48kg S.Korea Kim Jong-shin in China. The efforts, he said, M.'s fs. 57kg DPRK Kim Yong-sik have helped delay the world po• M.'s fs. 68kg S.Korea Park Jang-soon pulation from reaching five bil• M.'s fs. 82kg Mongolia Suhbat Puntsagin lion by two years and the Asian M.'sfs. 100kg S.Korea Kim Tae-woo population from reaching three Fencing M.'s epee ind. S.Korea Yang Dal-sik billion by four years. He at• Hockey W.'s team S.Korea tributed the 20 per thousand Oct.3 Athle. W.'s heptathonChina Ma Miaolan 6,231 growth rate of world population W.'s discus China Hou Xuemei 63.56 to China's family planning en• M.'s high deavors. jump China Zhou Zhongge 2.26 It was in the 1970s that China M.'s 800m S.Korea Kim Bong-yoo 1.49'48 first introduced the nationwide M.'s China Chen Yanping 17.51 policy of family planning, which W.'s 1,500m China Zheng Lijuan 4.23'11 caused the birth rate to drop dra• M.'s 200m Japan Susumu Takano 20'94 matically from 33.59 per thou• M.'s 5,000m Qatar Mohd Sulaiman 13.50'22 sand in 1970 to 20.83 per thou• M.'s 400m sand in 1989. Meanwhile, the na• hurdles Pakistan Ghulam Abbas 50'15 tural growth rate decreased from M.'s4xl00m 25.83 per thousand to 14.32 per relay China 38'99 thousand. W.'s4xl00m Based on the consumption lev• relay China 44'36 els of 1986, this campaign saved Sepak Takraw Regu Malaysia China 3,000 billion yuan in Fencing W.'s epee team China child-rearing expenses, equal to Wushu W.'s taijiquan China Su Zifang 9.85 Wrestl. M.'s fs. 52kg Iran Oveis Mallahi 2.15 times the country's GNP of M.'s fs. 62kg Japan Takumi Adachi 1988. This sum of money could, M.'s fs. 74kg Iran Behruz Yari-kalvani cover the expenses of 1,000 M.'s fs. 90kg S.Korea Oh Hyo-chul schools of higher learning for the M.'s fs. over next 50 years. 130kg Iran Sokhteh-Saraee Reza Family planning has also con• Boxing Up to 48kg S.Korea Yang Suk-jin tributed a great deal to the im• 51kg S.Korea Lee Chang-hwan provement of the quality of life 54kg Philippines Roberto Jalnaiz for the population. Thanks to 57kg Thailand Boomthom Raiman economic developments and im• 60kg S.Korea Lee Jae-kwon proved medical conditions, Chi• 63.5kg Syria Ahmadmayz Khanji na's mortality rate dropped from 67kg Thailand Chainarong Kanha an average of 14.77 per thousand 71kg Pakistan Abrar Hussain in the 1950s to 6.62 per thou• 75kg Indonesia Pino Bahari sand in 1988. The infant mortal• 81kg China Bai Chongguang ity rate dropped from 107.64 per 91kg S.Korea Chae Sung-bae thousand in the 1950s to 38.28 Over 91kg S.Korea Baik Hyun-man per thousand in 1988. Oct.4 Tennis M.'s doubles China Xia Jiaping The family planning policy, Meng Qianghua which is being understood and W.'s doubles Indonesia Yayuk basuki practised by more and more peo• Suzanna Wibowo ple these days, has rendered the Archery M.'s grand fita traditional concept of " more round S.Korea Yang Chang-hoon 336 children, more happiness" obso• W.'s grand fita round S.Korea Lee Jang-mi 339 lete. Diving M.'s platform China Sun Shuwei 690.93 In 1988, the proportion of one- W.'s platform China Xu Yanmei 501.09 child families had increased 1.5 Wushu M.'s 3 events

8 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBEK 15-21, 1990 EVENTS / TRENDS times compared with the figure combined China Yuan Wehqing 29.52 for 1970. Meanwhile, the num• W.'s 3 events ber of families with more than combined China Wang Ping 29.49 two children dropped by 75 per• Fencing M.'s epee team S.Korea Oct.5 Canoeing M.'s 500m c-1 China Liang Zhisheng 1.56'63 cent. M.'s 500m c-2 China Jiang Wenbiao In 1989 more than 34 million Wang Boqing 1.45'78 couples nationwide had received M.'s 1000m c-2China Kuang Rizhong certificates to prove they were Wang Xinqiang 3.47'53 "one-child" families. M.'s 1000m c-lChina Guo Daen 4.23'34 Before the founding of the M.'s 1000m People's Republic of China in k-1 S.Korea Chun In-shik 3.59'29 1949, the average life expectancy W.'s 500m k-4 China 1.40'43 was only 35 years and this rose to M.'s 500m k-1 China Ma Fuliang 1.48'38 W.'s 500m k-I China Xu Zhijuan 2.02'12 69.05 years in 1987. The re• M.'s 500m k-2 S.Korea Chun In-shik sults of population control also Park Cha-keun 1.37'30 changed the age structure of Chi• W.'s 500m k-2 China Sun Yuhong na's population. Children under Zhou Ronghua 1.50'67 14 years of age constituted only M.'s 500m k-4 China 1.28'34 28.04 percent of the population M.'s 1000m in 1988 campared with 40.7 per• k-2 S.Korea Chun In-shik cent in 1964, while the propor• Park Cha-keun 3.31'44 tion of people from 15 to 64 M.'s 1000m years of age increased from 61.66 k-4 China 3.11'98 percent in 1982 to 66.53 percent Tennis M.'s singles China Pan Bing W.'s singles Japan Akiko Kijimuta in 1988. Those over 65 accounted Mixed doubles Indonesia Yayuk Basuki for 5.33 percent. Suharyadi However, according to experts, Hockey M.'s field •Pakistan while China has made remark• Archery M.'s team S.Korea 1005 able progress in population con• W.'s team S.Korea 1003 trol, a new baby boom has begun. Diving W.'s team China 3056.40 In the first few years of the 1990s M.'s team China 4099.05 Volleyball Women China some 13 million women annually Men China will reach child-bearing age. As Handball Men S.Korea the the baby boom progresses, Women S.Korea people above 65 years of age will constitute 6.9 percent of the po• Oct .6 Diving M.'s 3m sb. China Tan Liangde 759.63 pulation by the end of the cen• W.'s 3m sb. China Gao Min 630.66 tury, nearing the seven percent Basketball Women S.Korea ceiling recommended by the UN Men China for a stable population. Soccer Women China Men Iran Experts suggest that China's Badminton Mixed doubles S.Korea Chung Myong Hee population should stabilize at Park Joo Bong just under 1.28 billion by the end W.'s doubles China Guan Weizhen of the century. Efforts should Nong Qunhua be made to reduce the speed of M.'s doubles China Tian Bingyi growth in the rural population. Li Yongbo To attain this goal, it is vital to W.'s singles China Tang Jiuhong set more regulations on popula• M.'s singles China Zhao Jianhua tion control. Meanwhile, retire• NOTES :W. — women, M. — men, s-b —small-bore, s.r. — standard rifle, psl. — ment insurance systems for the pistol, r.t. — running target, ind. — individual, Swimm. — Swimming, Cycl. — elderly should be developed and Cycling, Athle.'— Athletics, Wgtlif. — Weightlifting, f.r. — free rifle, s.p. — services in various communities standard pistol, sb. — springboard, fs. — freestyle, Tab.Tns —table tennis, Wrestl. should be set up to meet the — Wrestling, c — canoeing, k ~ kayak;2.09' — 2 minutes and 9 seconds, 1: — needs of childless families. • an hour •

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 9 INTERNATIONAL

China's Important Role in World Affairs China plays an important and unique role in the United Nations. Most Western nations have adopted an active attitude towards relations with China. China's internal stability creates a favourable situation for diplomatic work. t his interview with Renmin played a major role in seeking an written into the resolution. Ribao (People's Daily) on overall political solution to the Foreign ministers of the five AOctober 4 in New York, Cambodian problem. When the permanent members of the Se• Chinese Foreign Minister Qian UN Security Council discussed curity Council also held a meet• Qichen, head of Chinese delega• resolutions concerning the recent ing, rare in the UN history, to tion participating the United Na- crisis in the Gulf area, China's discuss the Gulf crisis. As a per- tions's 45th General Assembly, opinions and positions were res• mament Security Council mem• spoke about China's recent di• pected. China opposes resorting ber, China always maintains that plomatic activities. to force, and maintains the posi• the five permanent members, Asked of his impressions on tion that while imposing econo• when making resolutions on in• the 45th UN General Assembly, mic sanctions on Iraq, humani• ternational issues, should con• Qian Qichen responded that the tarian aid in food and medicine sult with non-permament mem• 45th UN General Assembly took should not be barred. bers and fully respect the opi• place when a crisis was threath- During the 45 th UN Gener• nions of all UN members. ening peace and stability in the al Assembly, when the Securi• Concerning China's relations Gulf. Seeking a solution to the ty Council discussed a resolution with Western countries, Qian Gulf crisis became the major dis• about an air embargo towards stated that recently he has esta• cussion of representatives from Iraq, China insisted that the Chi• blished extensive contacts with all countries attending the as• cago Convention be followed and representatives from Western sembly. efforts be made to guarantee the countries and has met with for• Qian also told the reporter that safe operation of civil aviation. eign ministers of most member atmosphere towards China at the These recommendations were states of the European Commun- 45th General Assembly has sig• nificantly changed. Qian stated On September 26, Chinese Foreign Minister ^lejft) meets with UN Secretary- he has had extensive contacts General Perez De CueUar. GAG XUEYU with delegates of other countries, state leaders or foreign ministers of 63 countries, including dia• logues with regional organiza• tions, such as the Gulf Co• operation Council, the Associa• tion of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Communi• ty. All countries have closely watched China's role in the Un• ited Nations, as well as in inter• national affairs. • Commenting on China's role in the United Nations, the Chinese foreign minister said that as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, China plays a unique and important role in the United Nations. For example, China has

10 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 INTERNATIONAL ity, the United States, Canada, terests. Presently, although the cies of reform and opening up to Australia and Japan. The major• sanctions against China imposed the outside world being imple• ity of them assume a positive by Western countries have not mented. This creates favourable attitude in their relations with been completely lifted, their atti• conditions for diplomatic work. China. Japan, for example, has tude has shifted to restore, im• China has maintained friendly already resumed the Japanese prove and develop connections relations with other countries of yen loan to China. The foreign with China. minister of Italy, whose duties the third world and has many Speaking about recent Chinese friends throughout Asia, Africa include the Chairmanship of the diplomatic activities, Qian said EC, has supported normalizing and Latin America. Many coun• that the following events prove EC's relations with China. Span• tries desire to win China's sym• China has been active in this as• ish Foreign Minister Francisco pathy and understanding in in• Fernandez Ordonez planned to pect. Since July, China has re• sumed diplomatic ties with In• ternational affairs. Over the past visit China soon and the United year, the world has witnessed States expressed hope to restore donesia and established diplom• China's persistence in the poli• normal ties with China as soon as atic relations with Saudi Arabia possible. and Singapore. Diplomacy is the cies of reform and opening up to More and more Western coun• extension of internal affairs. Chi• the outside world and in its inde• tries have realized that continu• na's political situation and social pendent foreign policy for peace. ing sanctions against China does order are stable. The economy China is playing a positive role not confirm with their own in• continues to grow with the poli• in the world arena. •

Can Apartheid Be Eliminated? by Wang Yingying Whether the apartheid in South Africa can be cancelled or not is decided by the outcome of the negotiations between the African National Congress and the South African authorities. The two sides differ on a number of issues and their own constraint factors are numerous. But many believe they will see the apartheid's doom before the end of this century.

s soon as he came into pow• tional Congress (ANC) Walter black people including the ANC, er, President of South Af• Sisulu. On February 11 of this Pan-Africanist Congress of Aza- A rica F.W. de Klerk ap• year the black people's move• nia and the South African Com• peared as a "reformist." Making ment leader Nelson Mandela, munist Party. speeches at various public meet• who had 'been in prison for 27 The above two measures have ings, he claimed to establish a years, was released without con• created a favourable atmosphere "new South Africa" without ra• ditions. Earlier, the South Afri• and provided necessary con- cial oppression. At the same time can authorities also had declared ditons for the beginning of dia• he adopted some reform mea• to release 374 political prisoners. logue between the government sures, which included the follow• In early June, 48 prisoners of the and the African National Con• ing aspects: State were also released. Present• gress. 1. Nelson Mandela and some ly outsiders estimate that politi• 3. On June 7, De Klerk in the other political prisoners were re• cal prisoners number 500 and the parliament declared to remove leased. In October of last year, ANC estimates that 1,500 per• the four-year the State of emer• soon after he took office, De sons remain in jail. gency in all the areas except Klerk declared the release of 2. On February 2 the South Natal Province. Considering the eight major black political pri• African authorities declared to armed conflict between the ANC soners including former Secre• lift the ban on more than 30 and another black organization tary General of the African Na• liberation organizations of the — the Zulu-based Inkatha Free-

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1990 11 INTERNATIONAL dom Party, De Klerk said he had South African people in exile for a long time, so he has enjoyed not immediately been able to lift abroad to return and agreed to high prestige both at home and the State of emergency in the review the security law and con• abroad. The tactical readjust• promise. sider to lift the State of emergen• ment of the African National 4. Some racial segregation laws cy in Natal Province.If all these Congress has extensively won ap• in social and economic fields agreements are carried out, the preciation and Mandela's pres• were abolished. On Jtine 19 the obstacles to formal negotiations tige has also forced the South South Africa's parliament for• on the constitution will funda• African authorities to accept him mally abolished the apartheid mentally be removed. as a political adversary. The law in all the public places which Furthermore, De Klerk visit• pragmatical faction of the Na• had been carried out for 37 ed West European and African tional Party represented by De years. Earlier this year the South countries in May of this year in Klerk realized that relaxation of African authorities also an• an attempt to improve the South the racial contradictions could be nounced to abolish press cen• African image. He intended to achieved only through political sorship with conditions. Furth• improve relations with other Af• negotiation and acceleration of ermore, they decided to reduce rican countries and especially his reform when former South Afri• military expenditure by 15 per• neighbours, and persuade West• can President P. W. Botha's pol• cent. ern countries to lift economic icy had encountered a dead end 5. The government delegation sanctions against his country. during the late period of his rule. headed by De Klerk held talks De Klerk acknowledged that the with the ANC delegation led by Positive Trend economy could not steadily de• Nelson Mandela on May 2-4. velop within a continuously un• The talks were aimed at over• In view of the current situa• stable society and a stable si• coming the difficulties of formal tion, the South Africa's reform is tuation not realized without negotiations on the constitution. tortuous, but the general trend is complete settlement of racial Although the talks had not positive. contradictions. gained substantial results, the Since the National Party of Meanwhile, the internation• two sides showed an active and South Africa came into power in al community has unanimous• flexible attitude. Afterwards the 1948, it has pursued policies of ly condemned the South African negotiations had twists and racial discrimination and aparth• apartheid policy. Western coun• turns. The government again ar• eid, deprived the black majority tries have, one after another, tak• rested more than 100 leaders of of political rights and trampled en economic sanctions against the ANC and the Communist on their fundamental human South Africa, which have caused Party and their members under rights and social and economic an unfavourable influence on the pretext that it had evidence interests. These policies have na• its economy. Statistics show that that the South African Com• turally been opposed by the more than 300 foreign corpor• munist Party attempted to start black people, whose struggle has ations have withdrawn from armed rebellion to seize power gone on uninterruptedly for de• South Africa since 1985. The should the talks fail. De Klerk cades. Even after the South Afri• sanctions have resulted in South excluded Joe Slovo, leader of the can authorities pursued a tough• Africa not gaining any new loans South African Communist Par• er policy under the pressure of or investment. The gross domes• ty, from the negotiations. Man• the right-wing forces and pro• tic product decreased. In 1989 dela sternly refuted the charge of claimed the State of emergency the foreign exchange reserve was the South African regime as a in 1986, the struggle did not stop. only US$1.88 billion, money de• fabrication, which was meant to The struggle has given a heavy valued and the unemployment divide the ranks of the black peo• blow to the economy and the pos• rate increased. De Klerk has to ple and exert pressure upon the ition of the ruling classs of South speed up the reform in order ANC. After a trial of political Africa. Recently the ANC, in to reduce political and econo• strength, the second round of acccordance with changes in the mic pressures from the interna• talks began on August 6 and situation at home and abroad, tional community. He public• reached several major agree• has readjusted the tactics of con• ly admitted that South Africa ments: The ANC declared test and mobilized black people could not seek economic de• to suspend all armed actions to launch various forms of polit• velopment in isolation and con• against the government for the ical struggle on the preconditon frontation with the world's enter• time being; the government that the armed struggle will not prises. promised to release political pri• be given up. Mandela had pers• In addition, the relaxation be• soners, allowed about 20,000 isted in the struggle from prison tween the United States and the

12 BEIJING REVIEW, OGTOBEH 15-21, 1990 INTERNATIONAL Soviet Union has provided con• formation is still moving at a on the white authority of South ditions for a political settlement slow pace and directed only at Africa. Presently, the outcome is of regional disputes. With the relaxing the sharp contradiction determined by talks between the easing of the situation in south• between the white and black and blacks, led by ANC, and the ern Africa, the problem of South stabilizing the domestic situation white authority. In the negotia• Africa has become glaring. The so as to reduce both domestic tions there is a large gap between United States and the Soviet and foreign pressure. As Mande• the two sides in addition to many Union, for their own interests, la pointed out, de Klerk's refor• elements which will restrict their have jointly urged the South Af• mation has not touched the core positions. rican regime to speed up its pol• of the apartheid system. itical reform. Recently, the So• In the world today, the hated Existing Differences viet Union has reduced its pres• apartheid system has been univ• ence in Africa and the United ersally opposed. But why are a After talks in May and Au• States and Western Europe small number of South African gust, the majority of differences have focused their attention on whites still clinging to it? The in the preconditions for formal changes in the Eastern European primary reason is that the white negotiations on a new constitu• countries. A series of disorders ruling clique benefits from the tion between ANC and South in some African countries have apartheid policies. The economy African government have been paved the way for South Afri• of the country is established on resolved. If all differences are ca to enter the market of these the basis of the clique's crucial ironed out, negotiations will countries. South Africa contri• exploitation of blacks and other open. ANC requests that: butes 40 percent of the total in• racial people. For whites, aban• — an interim government, in• dustrial productive capability of doning the apartheid policies cluding representatives of all the African countries. Its im• means losing all exclusive rights races, should be established dur• ports and exports play a main and invested interests. Secondly, ing the drafting of a new con• role in its gross domestic prod• the view of "white supremacy" is stitution, and it will govern the uct. As most of African coun• deeply rooted in the minds of country; tries used to export raw materials some whites, and they fear the — the new constitution should and import manufactured prod• coming of the majority rule of provide that South Africa is a ucts, they and South Africa can black people. "unified, democratic and non- compliment each other's econ• The two basic conditions for a racist state;" omies. revolutionary reformation have — all citizens will be granted South Africa's apartheid poli• been ripe in South Africa, ac• true equal rights, and all levels cy, however, has been held in cording to the conception of his• of government officials will be detestation by other African torical materialism. They are, elected according to the "one per• countries. In order to correct this first, the people can no longer son, one vote" rule; situation, de Klerk visited some live under the old system, and — the judicial departments African countries, trying to ap• second, the ruling class can no should be independent, and all pear as a reformist and leave a longer rule the country in the persons are equal before law; good impression with the leaders same way. Some members of the — the apartheid system and of these countries. It shows that National Party led by de Klerk related acts, such as the Group de Klerk has no other option have verbally repeated the need Areas Act and the Population than to make reformations in to draw up a constitution accept• Registration Act, must be com• light of the current international able by each side, establishing a pletely abolished. situation. new racially equal South Africa. Economically, ANC advocates Whether the apartheid system in nationalizing mines, banks and South Africa can be eradicated other key economic departments Deeply Rooted Causes and a democratic South Africa and practising a mixed economy. Peaceful settlement of the can be established will depend De Klerk has expressed an un• South African problem through on how successful is the politi• willingness to establish an inter• dialogues among different racial cal struggle of the black people im government. He has also not groups has become a trend which against the white authority, on made any concessions on "one cannot be turned back. However, how many concessions the whites person, one vote" election sys• because of the historical charac• may offer to the black people, tem, because he believes that ter of South Africa, it will not and on how much political and would mean a black president in be an easy job to overturn the economic pressure the inter• the country with a black majori• apartheid system. De Klerk's re• national community will exert ty. He insists that rule by major-

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 13 INTERNATIONAL ity and rule by minority are and Reconstituted National Par• possibilities: equally unacceptable. The Na• ty, vigorously oppose de Klerk's First, ANC insists on political tional Party's reform pro• current reform policies. They struggle and persuade and unite gramme, proposed in June of last consider them a betrayal of a broad support of black people year, attempted to enlarge the white's interests and say the re• so as to enable them to become three-house parliamentary sys• form would result in bloody re• a united political force. On this tem to blacks, establishing a volution, not peace. They de• basis and with the help of inter• fourth house for black people to monstrated and rallied, asking to national sanctions, it can exert enjoy the right to vote. This com• re-elect a white parliament and pressures on the government, un• pletely differs from black's de• that de Klerk leave office so as dertake flexible tactics and ini• mands, showing that the white to restore white's absolute privi• tiate proper concessions, so that government is still not willing to leges and rebuild a white South de Klerk may compromise with give up its privileges. Moreover, Africa. They also stole weapons blacks on a new constitution de Klerk opposes nationalization in an attempt to murder Presi• which will eliminate the aparth• and favours privatization and a dent de Klerk, black leader Nel• eid. market economy. As for the son Mandela, other leaders and Second, ultra-right terrorist ac• apartheid, although he has re• even correspondents who objec• tivities spread unchecked and peatedly expressed a desire to tively report matters. Afrikaner talks and reform processes are abolish the system, he has not Resistance Movement, for exam• affected or even suspended. If made it clear which policies will ple, is engaged in various terror• such a situation occurs, the con• be abandoned. ist and sabotage activities. Des• sequences will be most difficult pite a few members, the extreme to predict. Of course, radical right-wing forces may endanger Restricting Factors blacks may also be unsatisfied the situation, resulting in unex• with some agreements reached in ANC's present policies are pected consequences. Although the talks, and will not imple• supported by the South African de Klerk warned them to stop ment, for example, the agree• Communist Party, the United terrorist activities, the govern• ment to stop the violent struggle, Democratic Front and other or• ment still avoids taking severe resulting in new conflicts. If so, ganizations striving for black lib• measures which may enrage eration. They represent the main them. the condition may give right- trend of the anti-apartheid move• wing whites an excuse to carry Another factor is international out their hard-line policy, or ment in South Africa. However, sanctions. force the government to take the Pan-Africanist Congress of Western countries have suppressive measures, retarding Azania and the Azanian People's changed their attitudes after de the reform. Organization oppose ANC's dia• Klerk carried out some initial re• Third, the future development logue with the government, re• forms. Britain cancelled its eco• of reform may encroach white garding it as' talks between mas• nomic sanctions against South ter and servant which betray Africa last February. Although people's vested interests, encour• black's interests. They have indi• other countries state they will aging a further split. Some white cated to continue armed struggle continue sanctions, they become parliamentary members may and have great influence over flexible, and some have ex• turn their backs on de Klerk so radical black youths. Despite its pressed reconsiderations to the that the right-wing force will in• approval to eliminate apartheid question. In order to appeal to crease in the Parliament, threa• in a non-violent and negotiating Western countries to continue tening de Klerk's post. manner, the Zulu-supported In- their sanctions, Mandela visited In summary, whether or not katha Movement disagrees with 20 African, European and Amer• the apartheid system will be the ANC's nationalization poli• ican countries in June and July, completely eliminated will be de• cy. Last March, bloody conflicts winning positive support. It cided by the smooth process of broke out in Natal between the seems that sanctions will not end negotiation. Currently the inter• Zulus and pro-ANC blacks. quickly. national situation also favours On the other hand, there are elimination of apartheid. Despite pressures and threats from the Prospects a long and tortuous road, people Right and ultra-Right whites. are confident that the apartheid Some right-wing and extreme In view of the above- system will be replaced by a de• right-wing white organizations, mentioned facts, future develop• mocratic and progressive system such as the Conservative Party, ments of the South African si• in South Africa within this cen• the main white opposition party. tuation will see the following tury. •

14 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 CHINA

A Gala Meeting of TJnity, Friendship, Progress^

by Our Staff Reporters Lou Linwei and Wei Liming

s the flames of Asian times, achievements which far Xiaohong's 200-metre butterfly Games torch continued to surpassed the 10th Asian ranked second in the world. A burn for the 16th day over Games. At those games, athletes Chinese men's contestant Shen the sky of the Beijing Workers' broke the world records only two Jianqiang alone grabbed five Stadium, 1,500 singers sang the times and Asian Games records golds, the most gold medal win• song of Beautiful Asia and "Mr 83 times. ner of recent Asian Games. Such ," mascot of the Beijing Perhaps the most notable were an achievement proves that the Asian Games, presented a bou• the achievements by Chinese Chinese swimming team is truly quet of flowers to Miss Dove of swimmers. At the recent Asian a team of winners. No wonder , Mascot of the next Games, they surpassed, for the an official of the Internation• Asian Games. The heart-stirring first time, the Japanese team al Swimming Federation said, 11th Asian Games which repre• which has held the championship "This is a world-class swimming sented the spirit of unity and for nine Asian Games. This time, competition." A Japanese coach progress of 3 billion Asian people China seized 23 out of 31 golds. said, "The present -swimming was declared closed amidst col• They not only set 12 new contest presages the arrival of a ourful acrobatic performances, a Asian records, but scored many China epoch. The responsibility galaxy of songs and dances and achievements approaching world for mounting the world swim• firework display. level: the scores of Zhuang ming arena on behalf of Asians Yong's 100-metre freestyle, Lin has historically fallen on the Li's 200-metre medley and Wang shoulders of the Chinese." Sports Skills Improved Xiaohong's 100-metre butterfly Chinese woman Zhou Ling- At the recent Asian Games, were all among the world's best mei, 22, won a gold medal in the athletes broke world records sev• for the year while 's women's 1 km cycling event with en times, Asian records 89 times 100-metre butterfly, Lin Li's a score of 1:13.899, breaking not 400-metre medley and Wang only her own Asian record of and Asian Games records 189 1:15.402, but also the world re• Cameramen at the 11th Asian Games. XUXIANC,]UN cord of 1:14.249 left unbroken by the Soviet cyclist for six years. I Zhou was thus the first Asian to set a world record in cycling. In the one-eighth finals of the women's individual Internation• al Archery Federation, Kim Soo- nyung. South Korean archery star broke the world record of 343 rings with a score of 345 rings. In the women's butterfly two-way 200-target team event, three Chinese shooters, Wu Lan- ying, Zhang Shan and Shao Weiping, surpassed the world re• cord of 429 hits set by an Italian team a month earlier with an excellent score of 434 hits. In the men's team semi-finals. South Korean archery team broke the

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 15 CHINA world record of 999 rings set by the Soviet team in 1989 with a score of 1,004 rings. In the finals they again surpassed this world record with 1,005 rings. In the men's table tennis team event, the Chinese team lost to the Korean team by a score of 1:5, while the Chinese women's team, in the group event, almost lost to the Hong Kong team, and defeated the South Korean team in the finals with only a slightly better score. This showed that the Chinese table tennis team is faced with fierce competition as the skill of other Asian teams improves. The Korean team with Li Gansang, known as the "world's No.l ball cutter" as the mainstay, was quite impressive. Li Gansang defeated Chinese Ma ZHOU QUE After the opening ceremony, athletes from Bahrain have their picture taken with the Wenge and Chen Longcan with a Chinese calllsthenlc performers. dual score of 2:1. On the evening of October 3, Katemi Ali-Asghar to win the Perez Roberto, the Chinese after nearly four hours of fierce gold medal, the first one ever coach of Cuban nationality, said, battle, all 12 gold medals for the won in international competition "Although it's been only a short boxing event were awarded, put• since the boxing event was res• time since boxing resumed in ting an end to the South Korean tored in China in 1986. The China, the boxers' level has ris• monopoly of the Asian boxing Chinese team's Yu Chuan, Liu en rapidly. The Chinese boxing arena. Lijun, Wu Yawei, Wu Weixiong team has built on its initial In the 81 kg-class finals, and Zhao Deling respectively got strength to counter the other Chinese boxer Bai Chongguang a silver medal at 60 kg, 67 kg, 71 strong Asian teams." Ohva came defeated the tough Iranian boxer kg, 91 kg and above 91 kg. Oliva from Cuba to China in April last year to teach boxing and, al• Chinese athlete Chen Lihong, the gold medal winner for the women's southern-style though he originally planned to boxing. JIANG ENYU stay for only three months, the Chinese boxing team urged him to stay longer. The team's success was due in part to his conscien• tious • and responsible coaching attitude. In the last Asian Games, South Korean pocketed all the gold medals for the boxing event. This time, however, the 12 golds were divided up by seven teams—the South Korean team took only five while contestants from the Philippines, Syria, Pakistan, and Indonesia each captured one and the Thai boxers got two and it was the first gold medal won by contenders from the Philippines , Thailand, Syria and Indonesia.

16 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 CHINA counterattack and made a suc• cessful shot. A Thai sportsman commented that although the Chinese footballers have better physique and are taller, the Thai team members performed excel• lently and that several of the Thai team members are techni• cally better than the Chinese. On October 3, there was an unexpected result in the semi• finals of the men's football ev• ent. The Iranian team, reorgan• ized only a year ago, eliminated the South Korean champion of the last Games with a score of 1:0, rendering the latter out of the running for the gold. There XU£ CHAO was still no indication of the out• Huang Bingshen of Hong Kong, the only disabled athlete, takes part in the men's come even after 90 minutes of 90-metie archery individual competition. fierce competition between both sides. Two minutes after the se• The PhiUppine boxer Jaltiiz Rob• and changed coaches several cond half started, the Iranian erto knocked down South Ko• times. Their defeat of the Ja• team successfully took advantage rea's Hwang Kyung-sup with panese team is sure to greatly of the South Korean team's tact• hurricane fists; the Thai conten• reinforce the self-confidence' of ical mistake when footballer der Boonthom Raiman defeated the Chinese volleyballers. On No. 3 Moharrami Mojtaba passed his South Korean opponent the evening of October 5, the the ball to footballer No.6 Ghay- and another Thai boxer Kan- Chinese volleyballers pressed on eghran Cyrus (right into the left ha Chainarong frustrated the without letup to frustrate the side of the "forbidden zone") Chinese boxer. Pakistan's Hus- South Korean team to become who successfully kicked the ball sain Abrar and Indonesia's Ba- the champion. It was noted that into the goal. Weak though it hari Pino won in the finals. Dur• the Chinese volleyballers who was, the Iranian team succeeded ing the event, the Mongolian seemed to have been quiet for in employing the tactic of lying contestant's stamina and tough• sometime have dispelled the sha• in ambush and waiting for an ness were remarkable. dow of failure and eventually opportunity to give a surprise On October 2, the Chinese vol• staged a comeback. attack. The prediction that the leyball team leader Zhang Ren- On October 1, the Thai foot• men's football champion and jiang threw the ball directly into ball team repulsed an attack by runner-up finals would take the opponent's court, edging out the Chinese team and thus prev• place between the South Korean the Japanese team from the fin• ented the Chinese team from en• and Chinese teams was an ob• als. Prior to this, losing to the tering the semi-finals. The vious underestimation of the Chinese team was beyond the im- Chinese team's usual tactic of strengths of the Iranian team. aginatioon of the Japanese team making a breakthrough on the because the Chinese team, since side line and outflanking on the its reorganization last year, lost centre line had lost its power. Participation Is Important almost each time in five ma- Although the Chinese team ob• The number of countries and •jor finals. Unexpectedly, how• viously had control over the regions and the number of ath• ever, the Chinese men's volley• match, the Thai team kicked out letes participating in the recent ball team, displaying soaring the ball quickly and skilfully, Asian Games were unprecedent• morale and a strong will power, and the full back followed close• ed with delegations as large as finally managed to win the game ly and fiercely, making it impos• 800 people and as small as just with a score of 3:2. During their sible for the Chinese team to pass a few athletes. Although the preparations, the Chinese volley- the ball effectively. In the se• strength of the different delega• ballers, in order to get out of cond half, after seven minutes, tions is uneven, however, it was their slump, racked their brains the Thai team launched a quick the participation which was the

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1990 17 CHINA

16 17 2 1 18 11 12 20 3 4 19 10 5 6 13 14 15 21

1. Talal Mansoor of Qatar wins the gold medal in men's dash. 2. Zhou Zhongge from China, gold medalist in men's . 3. Chinese women swimmers hail the audience at a victory ceremony. 4. The men's 110 metres hurdles. 5. China vs Iran in water polo competition. 6. The women's 3,000-metre race final. 7. Chinese woman cycUst Zhou Lingmei was clocked at 1:13.899 in the 1-km time trial, beating the world record of 1:14.249 set by a Soviet cyclist in 1984. 8. Kim Soon Yung of South Korea racked up 345 points to beat the world record in the archery competition. 9. Kuwait and Thailand compete in a football match. 10. Chinese men's basketball team scores a point against the Philippine team. 11. Japan's Tanabe Yoko beat China's Wu Weifeng to win the women's 72 kg category judo title. 12. A Malaysia vs India hockey match. 13. The Malaysian team won the gold medal in sepak takraw. 14. Kim Gwang Suk of the People's Democratic Republic of Korea on the balance beam. 15. Pakistan and Bangledesh in a kabbadi match. 16. Indonesian athletes in a happy pose with Pan Pan—the panda, mascot of the Uth Asian Games. 17. Athletes exchange souvenir badges. 18. Athletes at a binge in the Asiad Village. 19. The enthusiastic audience filled the stadium. 20. Sports fans of Saudi Arabia cheer on their athletes. 21. Wuzhou (Five Continent) Hotel prepared a special cake for Huang Chao-he (left), a basketball referee from Taiwan, to celebrate his 36th birthday. Photos by Xu Xiangjun and Xue Chao

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990

CHINA most important factor for contri• world. South Korean team built up buting to the success of the Asian At the 63.5-kg boxing finals scores all through the game by Games. held on the evening of October 3, 4:0 and it was thought to be Al-Thaidi J. R., head of the Khanji Ahmadmayz from Syria a foregone conclusion that the Kuwaiti delegation, said; "Al• deeply impressed the audience South Korean team would enter though we have met difficulties, with his vigorous and skilful at• the semi-finals. Not much could lacked training and our athletes tack and defeat of Japanese box• be done about it by the Hong could not chalk up good results, er Miura Kunihro. He carried Kong team. But, Chan Kinngar, we sincerely hoped that the away another gold medal for the 20, defeated Choi Sang-Bum of Asian Games would be a com• Gulf countries. the South Korean team at the plete success, because that will The Indian team members dis• fifth game by 2:0, thus scoring a inspire us and the people of played their skills to the full at valuable point. Asia." the kadaddi event, a new event The Korean team also caught Mansoor Talal, a staff sergeant at the Asian Games, and won the eye of spectators. Although from Qatar, has still main• a gold medal for their country. the four-member badmintan tained his standing in the men's Bangladesh and Pakistani ath• team is weak and lost the first 100-metre sprint and walked off letes were silver and bronze med• two matches by 0:5, the team with the first gold medal for alists in the event. still had a strong fighting will. Its the Gulf countries with 10.30 At the sepak takraw finals, af• coach said at the time, "We know seconds. On the evening of Sep• ter six hours of intense competi• we will lose. We don't come here tember 28, his room was full tion, Malaysia defeated Thailand for the standings. We come here with flowers presented by the by 2:1 and splashed home with mainly to learn from others and athletes from the Gulf countries. the first sepak takraw gold med• to temper ourselves." He also heard the celebration al in the history of the Asian In addition to the delegation drumbeats of his countrymen Games. head Wangchuk Penden and a over the telephone. He said that At the badminton team event coach, the delegation from the he would be proud to represent competition, the Hong Kong Kingdom of Bhutan had only Asia in the next Olympic Games. team met the South Korean four athletes taking part in the Another Qatar athlete, Sulaiman team. In the first four games, the archery event. In an interview, Hohd, captured a gold the delegation head said, medal at the men's Singapore sepak takraw atMetes compete. " What we have seen and 1,500-metre race. Muftah heard here has far sur• Ibrahim won the silver XU XIANGJUN passed our romantic day• medal at the men's dreams." He said that it 400-metre race. was the second time that On September 29, Al- Bhutan sent its delegation Maliki Mohammed, an to the Asian Games. Ar• Omani athlete, had an ex• chery is a popular sport in cellent performance at the Bhutan and the four ath• men's 400-metre sprint letes were selected from na• with a record of 45.81 se• tionwide trials. "I believe conds. He won the first the size of the sports team gold medal for the Oman is not important. The most delegation which was .par• important thing is partici-' ticipating in the Asian pation. Active participation Games for the second means contributing to mu• time. After his victory, Al- tual understanding, unity Maliki held high his na• and friendship of the Asian tional flag and marched ar• people and the enhance• ound the arena, giving his ment of Asia's sports level. best wishes to the specta• It is a great honour for us tors who encouraged him. to represent Bhutan and Al-Maliki is thus the Asian take part in this grand record-holder for the men's gathering. Among the 400-metre race and his re• ranks of unity, friendship cord ranks third in the and progress of the Asian

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1>90 19 CHINA people, there is a country named mar (Burma). He said that it was Wu Shude and Lan Yalan, a Bhutan," he said emotionally. the first time he took part in the Chinese couple who advised her Those who have won gold 50-kilometre heel-to-toe walking to take up gymnastics. In 1963, medals are, of course, admired. and he would treasure it for the Mr. and Mrs Wu went to Indone• But the athletes who have put up experience he gained. sia to help promote gymnastics. a good fight in competition are On the evening of September Wartati Pafang, who was only 13 also esteemed. At the men's 28 at the Ying-tung Natatorium, years old at that time, was one of 10,000-metre finals, Haieem when the men's 1,500-metre the 100 students chosen by them. Hussain from Maldive was 1,200 freestyle finals proceeded for 17: Later, Wartati Pafang became metres behind the gold medalist 07 seconds, seven swimmers had one of two international referees but he still tried his best to press already reached the finishing in Indonesia. For various rea• to the finish. His spirit was line. Only Lahoud Emile from sons, she had no chance to meet warmly cheered by tens of thou• Lebanon was still swimming on her teachers until she had her sands of Chinese spectators. One in the eighth swimming lane. All wish fulfilled and came to the Chinese newspaper carried an ar• the spectators, deeply moved by Beijing Asian Games. ticle entitled, "We Have Known his spirit, applauded warmly as Duong Nghiep Chi, head of Our Maldive Friends" and spoke he finished the last lap. Although the Vietnamese delegation was highly of Haieem Hussain who his speed was only 18:08.07 se• familiar with old Beijing but un• embodied the Olympic spirit of conds, it was a new record for familiar with the new. In 1961 "participation." him. when he was 20 years old, he studied at the Beijing Physical When the spectators entered Friendship Promoted Culture Institute and majored in the sports track and field events. During ground on the afternoon of Octo• In addition to the compe• his four-year stay in Beijing, the ber 1, athlete No. 499, who took titions, the far-reaching signific• city left an unforgettable impres• part in the 50-kilometre-long ance of the Asian Games was to sion on him. He is now 49 years heel-to-toe walking which started promote friendship and to bring old and is a sports master in at nine o'clock in the morning, the Asian athletes together, re• Viet Nam. This time, he led a was just spurting across the fin• gardless of their religious belief, 68-member Vietnamese delega• ishing line. He was the last to different languages and colours. tion to Beijing. When he saw finish, some 40 minutes later Wartati Patang is an interna• the broad streets and clusters of than Zhou Zhaowen, a Chinese tional referee from Indonesia. modern buildings in the city, athlete who was the gold medal• She shed tears because she final• he could hardly believe his own ist at the event. His name was ly had the opportunity to revisit eyes. "There have been great Tuntin, an athlete from Nyan- China after 26 years and meet changes in Beijing," he said. " I see that the living standards and South Korean Tak Jeong-Im Qlefi) wins a gold medal at the women's epee finals. the cultural level of the people XUE CHAO have improved. I can hardly re• cognize the city." He expressed the hope that through the Asian Games the Vietnamese dele• gation would strengthen its uni• ty and friendship with various countries in Asia. He especially hoped that he could make wha• tever contribution he could to restoring friendly relations be• tween Viet Nam and the host country for the Games. Because the athletes come for friendship, their competitors are not only opponents, but also friends. In the women's 61 kg judo on September 29, lin Xianglan, 17, of the Chinese team, with a beautiful hook,

'20 BEIJING REnEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1990 CHINA

feelings and to encourage one an• other both inside and outside the competition ground. A group of Taiwanese residing on the mainland was particularly active. During the women's bas• ketball event between Japan and the Chinese Taibei, they hailed on Chinese Taibei in south Fuji- an dialect until they were hoarse. At the end of the competition, the Taibei women who won the game made a grateful bow to their fellow-countrymen. When one of the cheerers-on asked the players if the team had heard their cries of encouragement, the women answered, "Yes, we did TANG MENGZONG and we were touched very The Chinese Taibei sports delegation enters the arena at the opening ceremony of much." the 11th Asian Games. In the Softball event, when the tumbled the noted Japanese judo and women's football teams Chinese mainland team met with star Kobayashi Takako, and won would participate. The title for the Chinese Taibei at the Fengtai the c]iampionship. When the um• the matches is "North and South Sports Centre, a slogan "Come pire declared Jin's victory, Ko• Reunification Competitions." on! Players of both sides" was bayashi, lying on a tatami with hung on the stand. Also, a cheer• After a 41-year division, ing squad sent by the Beijing Fe• her right wrist dislocated, sup• Chinese athletes from the two bruary 7th Rolling Stock Plant ported herself with the other arm sides of the Taiwan Straits got was arm-in-arm with Taiwa^n to make a congratulatory bow to together at the Asiad. At the compatriots, singing "Girls of Jin. Jin rushed over to help ... opening ceremony, when the the Ali Mountain," a well-known and accompanied her off the Chinese Taibei team entered the Taiwan song. ground. The act of comradeship arena, the audience burst into "As we sang and shouted brought the audience to ap• applause and cheers. The Bei• 'Come on!', it seemed that we had plause. jing Asian Games provided peo• known each other before. We did A noted Chinese writer has ple from both sides of the Straits not feel like strangers at all," said pointed out that the Asian an opportunity to express their a mainland spectator. • Games provides a big stage for different political entities and The men's 20-kilometre heel-to-toe walking in progress. XU XIANGJUN views within the Asian family. North and South Korea in their first participation together in the Asian Games drew special attention. Their cheering squads encouraged players from both sides. On September 30, the lead• ers of both delegations jointly held a press conference. Head of the north-part delegation re• vealed that during the Asian Games, the two sides have held lots of talks beneficial to national unity and peace. The two sides declared that a series of football matches would be held in Pyon• gyang and Seoul this October in which the north and south men's

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, »90 21 CHINA

Public Opinion on the Asian Games

t the press conference in letes also spoke with deep feel• the Chinese delegation to the the Asian Games News ing about the Asian Games. Xia 11th Olympic Games in Berlin in Centre on September 23, Xiang, 87-year-old professor of 1936 and recalled bitterly that AMr Juan Antonio Samaranch, the Qinghua University who at• none of the Chinese won a medal president of the International tended the Far East Sports Meet at that sports meet. "We didn't Olympic Committee, said that three times as a Chinese athlete, even have money to buy return the 11th Asian Games' opening knows very well about the humi• tickets," he added. ceremony was one of the most liation felt by Chinese athletes Fok Ying-tung (Henry Fok), a successful he has ever eyewit- at the time. "The leader of the famous Hong Kong figure who nessed. He went on to say that Chinese delegation to the Second donated HK$100 million to the the successful holding of the Far East Sports Meet was a for• 11th Asian Games (the Ying- 11th Asian Games will beef up eigner," Prof. Xia said. "He even tung Natatorium at the Olympic Beijing's bid to host the Olympic delivered a speech on behalf of Sports Centre was named after Games in the year 2000. the Chinese at the opening cere• him) said that he had the honour Taiwanese who were invited to mony." to be present at the grand open• attend the opening ceremony on Mou Zuoyun, 76, was among ing ceremony and still felt the September 22 said that the excitement. "The dream of ge• opening ceremony "fills every nerations of the Chinese has Chinese with pride." Hsieh become true. We Chinese used Hsue-hsian, the president of to be called the 'sickmen in the China United Alliance in the East' but now we can hold Taiwan, said the success of the a world-class sports event on Asian Games will inevitably a grand scale," he said. "The raise China's position in the Asian Games is grand gather• world. Su Chiu-chen, the ing second in scale only to the former member of the Taiwan Olympic Games. Because it is "legislative yuan," said that sponsored, managed and or• the opening ceremony ganized by the Asian people matched that of the previous themselves, it holds a special Olympic Games in Seoul both meaning for the nation." in content and scale. Chen "However, even more im• Ying-chen, a famous Taiwan portant is the fact that both writer, thought that the open• the mainland and Taiwan dis• ing ceremony was rich in its patched their delegations to Chinese flavour and clearly the games and that Hong displayed the fine tradition of Kong and Macao teams par• Chinese history and culture. ticipated as representatives He believes that the hosting of Mr. Den, 67, a retired Japanese shot-putter, from the Hong Kong-Macao the Asian Games in China's told reporters, "The Chinese sports delegation region. It was the first time mainland showed the world to the first Aslad was composed ot a dozen that the Macao team attended not only China's level of athletes. Today, however, China can host the the Asian Games. The medals sports but also the nation's 11th Asiad and buUd so many beautiful stad• which have been won belong overall strength. iums and it's done so weU at the Asiad! It is to all descendents of Chinese Some veteran Chinese ath• really wonderful." DU JIB origin," said Fok Ying-tung.

22 BElJlNG REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1990 CHINA it to China, "Speaking frankly, we knew nothing about China before coming and only had a low opinion of what we would discover. After I arrived in Bei• jing, however, I discovered the mistake of my previous opinion. The Chinese people are very friendly and enthusiastic and Beijing is a beautiful city." Zhang Zhong Zhe, head of the South Korean sports delegation, believes it is of far-reaching sig• nificance for China to have held the Asian Games. Speaking of Beijing, he said, "Here we see a GUAN TlANYl high degree of support for the A meeting of the heads of the Olympic Committees of Asian countries to the 11th Asian Games, warm enthusiasm Asian Games was held in Beijing July 7. of the Chinese people, complete and excellent sports facilities and "The world's people see the rising of them. Ms Chennault was very good services. We are quite sa• of a sports power and also the glad to see that sportsmen from tisfied with the results." rise of a great nation. How can both sides of the Taiwan Straits W^ngchuk Penden, head of we not feel excited? How can we met at the Uth Asian Games. the sports delegation from Bhu• not take pride?" An Indian who once worked as tan, said the Asiad Village has An artist wrote to a Taiwan an expert in China in the 1950s changed a lot compared with paper on September 23, "As the watched the video tape of the what he saw in July. The village Beijing Asian Games opens, the opening ceremony with great in• then was nothing more than wisdom of the Chinese nation is terest, and discovered much a dull collection of buildings. expressed in the Chinese dances changes that have taken place in Now, the village impressed him and customs. The performances the last few decades. "In their with its warm atmosphere and also add a Chinese touch to the high spirits, the Chinese people rich colours. His delegation Games....With the tradition and are capable not only of hosting members told him that they were customs unique to the Chinese such events as the Asian Games satisfied with the food in the vil• nation, the Beijing Asian Games but also of continuing to build lage and that the rooms, com• shows off the artistry of the their motherland," he said. munications and training facili• Chinese people and displays Various personages from a ties were excellent too. They felt Chinese sports customs for the variety of organizations praised like they were at home. The de• first time." the work of the Asian Games. legation head also said that Ms Anna C. Chennault, chair• Mayor Takeshi Araki of Hirosh• China did its best to host the woman of the White House Com• ima, the host city of the next Asian Games and that the facil• mission on Presidential Scholars, Asian Games, said the Organiz• ities China constructed for the said the opening ceremony of the ing Committee of the 11th Asian games reflect the unique art and 11th Asian Games was a great Games did an excellent job. He ability of the Chinese nation. success and one imbued with an thought its work was wonderful The Qatar sports delegation atmosphere of warmth. She not• and stirring. The streets in Bei• head Abdul Elah Al-Meer said ed it was a major event which jing were decorated with colour• his purpose coming to Beijing has brought happiness to all ful flags and flowers and the was to give support to the suc• those of Chinese ancestry. She warm enthusiasm of the local cessful opening of the 11th Asian also said the exchange of educa• people was evident everywhere. Games. He thanked the organiz• tion, culture and sports is the The entire city performed the ing committee for its good work best way for other countries to duties of a hospitable host. done. "This is the first time I understand China. Except the Majeda Mohammed, a come to China and my first im• Great Wall and other ancient 31-year-old top player of the pression is quite good," he said. sites, China has many cultural Saudi Arabian soccer team, one An officer from the Mongoli• traditions about which foreigners of the best in West Asia, talked an Olympic Committee said the know little. Chinese sports is one about his feelings on his first vis• stadiums and gymnasiums for

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, IMO 23 CHINA the 11th Asian Games are mag• nificent. The athletic dormitories are nice and comfortable, some• what better than those of the Seoul Asian Games in 1988. The Mongolian TV Station, he said, showed the 11th Asian Games in its half-hour special programme during the peak viewing time ev• ery day. Most people think the 11th Asian Games has a greater sig• nificance than the individual sports meets. "Sports has become an impor• tant bridge of unity and under• standing between peoples," said Tonib Khouri, head of the Le- XU XlANGjUN bonese sports delegation. For ex• Qi Cheng (torn Taibei talks about the Asian Games. ample, it was the first time that Brunei sent a sports delegation to the Asiad. Pengiran Asmalee, the best award." and friendship between peoples, head of the Brunei delegation, When asked about his maintaining world peace and thought the ilth Asian Games thoughts on the Asian Games, promoting international com• "a spectacular event of equality Zhang Wenjin, former Chinese munication- "I still remember and respect." He said that al• ambassador to the United States, clearly the ping-pong diplomacy though China was a big country, said the opening ceromony and of the early 1970s: the late Pre• the nation showed equal respect the competition were very excit• mier Zhou Enlai invited the US towards all delegations. Nasir ing and the Asian Games will table tennis team to visit China, Ahmad, head of the Afghan de• a step which opened the gate for legation, said, "Sports is a univ• have a far-reaching impact on China's international image. Sino-US diplomatic relations. I ersal language and a bridge of attended the Olympic Games in friendship. It is for such under• Sports has played and will con• in 1984. At that ev• standing that we come here. We tinue to play a great role in ent China, for the first time, won may not win a single medal but deepening international under• gold medals. This caused a great we think participation itself is standing, stregthening the,unity sensation in the United States

A Kuwaiti soccer player (^second from leff) meets with reporters. ZHANG MING and in the world," Zhang said. Zhang went on to say that the 11th Asian Games is a good de• monstration of the wisdom and strength of the Chinese people. The remarkable achievements of the athletes, the splendid archi• tecture of the sports facilities and the warm and friendly atmos• phere so evident in the opening ceremony have left a deep im• pression on the people of Asia and the rest of the world. The effects of the games will last for quite some time and that the peo• ple would take the memory of the Games with them to the next Olympic Games and into the 21st century. •

24 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 CHINA

'The Star-Spangled Night' Pageantry at the dosing ceremony of the XI Asiad

by Our Staff Reporter Hong Lanxing

n October 7, at the clos• played, there appeared a pattern With a forceful upward move• ing ceremony of the of the Great Wall, formed by ment of his baton, the symphony O 11th Asian Games, near• university, secondary and pri• began. Under a flood of stage ly 10,000 professional and ama• mary school students. A few mo• lighting, the orchestra of 800 teur performers presented an ments later, suddenly, there was musicians and the chorus of imposing pageant called The a burst of clarion calls and 400 800 singers performed the song Star-Spangled Night. The glit• young buglers, clad in green Beautiful Asia." The lyrics, tering spectacle was performed clothes, emerged from the spec• in eight parts. tators' seats. The trumpet "You are at the remotest corner sounds, reverberating within of the sea, I live at the end of the the stadium walls, resounded earth, we meet each other to• Prologue: 'Beautiful Asia' through the night skies. The live• day, at a happy time. You like The lawn of the Beijing Work• ly musical rhythm mixed with to chew betel, I love to drink ers' Stadium was covered by a the scene of the green buglers in milk tea, you wear sheep skin 1,700-square-metre white plastic a vigorous blend of sound and coat, I am attired in georgette. carpet to form the performance colour. Asia, beautiful Asia, your home, area. The evening activities be• As the trumpeting faded, the my home. Our homes are all in gan with an electronic musical audience followed the stage Asia," stirred the emotions of piece which evoked imagination lighting to find China's noted everyone in the audience. The of wildness. While the music was song, contributed jointly by fa• chorus master Yan Liangkun. mous lyric writer Qiao Yu and "The Galloping Horse." composer Zhang Peiji, brought the audience into an atmosphere as cordial and as friendly as is found between members of a family. Entering from four di• rections, 2,200 secondary school students danced to the sounds of the music towards the centre of the stadium. On the runners' tracks, 1,600 university students performed the Asian Youth Dance to symbolize the unity and friendship of the youth of Asia. The prelude ended in a chmatic dance at the centre, ra• diating outward in all directions of the stadium with the perform• ers chanting "Asia, Asia!"

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBEU 15-21, 1990 25 CHINA amateur actresses, holding 2-metre-long "peacock feathers," glittered like stars which set apart the moon—the lead dan• cer. Another 100 professional ac• tresses danced in a whirl towards the centre from four directions. The performance ended with all the dancers joining together in the pattern of a peacock with many coloured tail feathers. 'The Thriving Age' The dance The Galloping Horse was performed by 120 young men to commemorate the present year, the Year of the Horse according to China's trad• itional calendar. The Year of the Horse is also celebrated by many other Asian countries and the animal is regarded as a symbol of national prosperity and devel• opment. Accompanied by warm, rhythmical music, the actors, clad in red cloaks, pranced and leapt like galloping horses brav• ing strong winds in a symbol of the animal's courageous and ten• acious spirit. 'A Sea of Flowers' The dance, adapted from a "PUle-Spinning" (acrobatics). folk dance popular in northwest 'Wishing You Good Luck' The Peacock Dance an aus• pice of good luck and happiness, brought the audience into a beautiful world of tranquility and peace. The dance, created by noted choreographer Jin Ming of the Central Dance and Songs Ensemble, captured a gold med• al at the World Youth Festival in 1957. Directed personally by Jin, the dance still seemed fresh and new in its lineup and con• tent as it moved from the stage to the stadium. The famous dan• cer Yang Liping, dressed like a gold peacock, held centre stage on a high platform in the centre of the stadium. Around her, 120

26 BEJJING REVIEW.OCTOBER 15-21,1990 CHINA waves of wheat, the blue sky and floating white clouds. The per• formance ended with dancers forming a pattern of the red Tiananmen Gate-Tower. 'Let's Meet in Hiroshima' The 12th Asiad is scheduled to be held in Hiroshima, Japan, in 1994. Noted musician Lu Yuan was invited to compose the fa• rewell song Let's Meet in Hi• roshima to be sung by a "fam• ily." The roles of the father, mother and daughter were played by famous tenor Tong Tiexing, popular mezzo-soprano Guan Mucun and a teenage sin• 'Red Leaves in Golden Autumn." PhoioihyXUE CHAO ger of the Children's Broadcast• China, was strongly flavoured robatic Troupe, an international ing Chorus. The deeply emotion• by the Hui nationality culture. It prize winner. Their performance al and touching song was a call was followed by the theme song was followed by a 175-person to cast away animosity and to Flowers and Boys, a rising cho• performance of Fire Meteors. look forward to meeting again rus of male and female voices. On a platform, 25 professional in Hiroshima. During the mu• The dancers who held colourful acrobats played their "meteors" sic, the giant panda Mr. Pan- fans in their hands, formed a skillfully, spinning them swiftly pan, mascot of the 11th Asiad, pattern of many bright and col• in all directions. Their dazzling presented Miss Dove, mascot of ourful flower beds. Sixty-six performance was repeated by the 12th Asiad, a bouquet, sym• young couples, clad in white, other performers around them. bolizing the continuation of the danced gracefully among the Gradually, the lights in the stad• Asian Games. It was the mo• "peonies" of actresses dressed in ium dimmed and finally went ment of farewell, a moment red. In the twinkling of an out. In the dark, many "fire dra• which swept up every member of eye, many colourful butterflies gons" seemed to dance magnifi• the audience. seemed to fly out of the flow• cently in the air, a scene which er beds one after another. The "butterflies" were actually a the audience applauded Epilogue: 'The Plate-Spinning performance by warmly. Star-Spangled Night' 65 acrobats from more than a dozen acrobatic troupes in 'I Love You, China' After a moment of silence, China. The Sea of Flowers was a fireworks shot up to the sky and display of colour and enchant• In the spotlights, 18 ballet dan• exploded like brightly coloured, ment. cers gracefully performed Red blossoming flowers as search• Leaves in Golden Autumn, a per• lights criss-crossed one another formance meant to symbolize and lit the sky in a blaze of 'The Dancing Fire Dragons' the fruit which the friendship of kaleidoscopic light. Eight well- With the sound of trumpets, the Asian people has borne in known Chinese pop singers at 20 groups of acrobatic cyclists the autumn harvest. Directed by the centre of the stadium be• shot into the stadium from the Yan Liangkun, the chorus sang / gan to sing the song The Star- four gates. As they raced anti• Love You, China, as noted so• Spangled Night and, to the clockwise along the runners' prano Wang Xiufen took the song's lively rhythm, a host of tracks, the number of acrobats lead. The colourful folding hats dancers kicked up their heels. sitting on each bike rose to sev• held by the 2,200 dancers con• After a rousing, thunderous en. The trick-cycling perform• stantly changed colours—from ovation, the pageant was con• ance was given by acrobats from red to green to blue and to white- cluded with the music Magnifi• the Military Area Ac• -tb mark the red flags, the green cent Asia. •

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 27 FROM THE CHINESE PRESS

Patriotism and Its Characteristics

GUANGMING RIBAO never invade other countries. worker four yuan. Each worker (Guangming Daily) (May 20. 1990) can bring one child of his own to ai Yi, head of the Chinese the beach resort. Excess expen• Society for the Study of New Summer ses are expected to be covered by D History, has categorized the workers themselves. Work• patriotism in history. Resort at Nandaihe ers exposed to harmful work• In ancient times, patriotism ing environment can enjoy a a RENMIN RIBAO was connected with sovereign (People's Daily) 20-day holiday. loyalty and was greatly limited. (September 7, 1990) In modern times, patriotism also rmihe golden beach Nandaihe, me

28 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 BUSINESS/TRADE

tries, i The newly published policies | and regulations for the new Pu- ! The Yangtze River Valley— dong development area provide | for the establishment of a free j A New Open Area trade zone and foreign invest• ment in the construction of air• ports, harbours, railways, high• In 1990, China's opening to zones, one in Nanjing, the prov• ways, telecommunications and the outside world will continue ince's capital, and the other in other infrastructure facilities. to broaden. Changzhou. Province The policies also cover land de• has decided to set up a special Since the State Council an• velopment and management of economic area to absorb foreign nounced the development and the real estate and stock and investment in the city of Hang- opening up of 's Pu- exchange. To speed up the de• zhou and in the Qiantang River dong area and published nine velopment of the Wanjiang eco• Basin. Jiangxi Province has de• policies and regulations regard• nomic area, while developing j cided to open up the rich land, ing foreign investment and joint ventures, co-operative en• mineral and forest resources in management of land on April terprises and wholly foreign- the Hedong area in order to 18 and September 10 this year, owned enterprises, Anhui Prov- i absorb foreign investment to the Shanghai area has become ince has decided to open up vast | promote the development of its the focus of increased attention. expanses of land through lea^- \ economy. Some 8,000 businessmen from ing and contracting with for- i Hong Kong, Macao and Tai• Economists believe that in eign businessmen. wan and foreign countries have the 1990s the focal point of Chi• Currently, various provinces come to Shanghai's Pudong na's opening up will gradually and cities on both sides of the area to look into the investment shift from the coastal areas in Yangtze River are mapping out environment and express their the south to the Yangtze River plans to speed up their develop- \ intention to set up co-operative valley, the nation's most devel• ment and are adjusting their in• businesses. So far, some 100 oped area. If their analysis is dustrial structure to accommo• investment programmes, repre• correct, Pudong and its sur• date a system of wider econo• senting a total investment of rounding provinces will be the mic co-operation with foreign US$200 million, have been ap• centre of economic activities in countries. Economists believe proved. the future. that during the Eighth Five- The development and open• The Yangtze River valley Year Plan period (1991-1995), ing up of Shanghai's Pudong stretches over three economic China's economic co-operation area has vigorously promoted zones in southwest, central and with foreign countries will be• the economic development of eastern China and includes 18 come closer and more exten• the entire Yangtze River valley. provinces, cities and autonom• sive. • Anhui Province, for example, ous regions. The total area is 1.8 has decided to open up the million square kilometres and Wanjiang industrial area of 37,- inhabited by nearly 400 million US-Funded Firms 000 square kilometres, which people. Statistics show that the Do WeU in Beijing includes the cities of Wuhu, valley's annual industrial and Anqing, Tongling and Maan- agricultural output value ac• US-funded enterprises in Bei• shan, and the prefectures counts for 40 percent of the na• jing which make up 13.9 percent of Chaohu, Xuancheng and tion's total. of all foreign-funded cnterpris- j Chizhou. The area is not only There is an important new es in the city yield better econo- \ rich in mineral, agricultural feature in this opening trend. mic returns than those financed | and tourist resources, but also The former emphasis on import by other countries. According j has convenient transport facili• and export and introduction of to the Beijing Statistics Bureau, i ties, a solid industrial founda• foreign-capital and technology from lanuary to August 31 the tion and a strong technical has shifted to direct participa• per capita output value of en• force. tion in the international divi• terprises with US investment Other provinces follow suit, sion of labour and to biliteral reached 83,000 yuan. This is liangsu Province has decided and multilateral economic co• 63.7 percent higher than is to set up two open economic operation with foreign coun• found in any other foreign in- \

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 29 BUSINESS / TRADE

vestment enterprise. Moreover, took the lead in setting up a municipal government wel• the per capita sales income foreign exchange market. It has comes foreigners to invest in reached 89,000 yuan, 55 per• transacted US$2.7 billion of the city and initiate chemical, cent higher than the average foreign exchange, 12 percent of machine-building and food in• ind the per Capita profit the total nationwide and the dustries. For these enterprises, reached 5,700 yuan, 90 percent highest among all the prov• the government will provide higher than the average. inces. Purchased foreign ex• priority in the supply of ener• At present, there are 45 enter• change has been mainly used gy, transportation, raw materi• prises with US investment in for importing raw materials als and telecommunication ser• Beijing. The first to be es• and advanced technology and vices. tablished was the Jianguo Ho• equipment as well as for im• Located in the southern edge tel. proving science, education and of Basin, City The Sino-L'S enterprises in• public health care. September has explored some new ways clude such trades and products last year, the market commis• for the introduction of foreign as printing, food, machinery, sioned the Shanghai branches funds and technology and for rubber, electronics and tele• of the Bank of China and the processing according to for• communications equipment the Industrial and Commer• eign samples with supplied ma- i md hotels. Between January cial Bank of China to be its terials and compensation trade. and August, their total output agencies for individual foreign Since 1988, the city has import• value was 1.31 billion yuan, 43 exchange business. By the end ed eight production and percent of the total among such of August this year, these agen• technology items, utilized enterprises; sales income, 1.4 cies had bought in a total US$570,000 in foreign invest• biilion yuan, 40.8 percent of the of US$159,500 and sold ment and developed economic total For each million yuan, US$340,000. Foreign exchange and technological co-operation the profit is 68.000 yuan and was sold only for payment of with more than ten countries iaxes, 150,000 yuan. This is res• TOEFL and GRE fees. • and regions, including Federal pectively 17.2 percent and 41.5 Germany, Italy, Japan, Roman• percent higher than the average Luzhou Attracts ia and Hong Kong. Of these, oj any other foreign-invested for example, the Italy-equipped { .enterprise. Foreign Capital floor and wall tile production Statistics also show that of lines imported by the Luzhou all Sino-US enterprises the Yili Recently, Luzhou City prom• Building Ceramics Factory can Nabisco Biscuit & Food Co. oted eight foreign-funded pro• produce 800,000 pieces of tiles Ltd., Pepsi-Cola, Bausch & jects at the Economic and Cul• annually. The company's prod• Lomb Contact Lens Co., Ken• tural Exchange Conference of ucts are sold on the world mar• tucky Fried Chicken and Bei• the Third Luzhou Famous Liq• ket. jing Jeep Corp. Ltd., are the uors held in early September. Diao noted that Luzhou has most profitable. The projects include a large always been an important base j by Wu Qian sulphanilamide-refined furnace for export products on the up- ; business, a leather products fac• per reaches of Changjiang i tory which will be able to ex• (Yangtze) River since the early Foreign Exchange port 500,000 clothing and oth• days of the People's Republic. \ Market Brisk er products annually and thin Now, the city has 120 export- glass bottle production technol- oriented enterprises, nine enter- | From January to August, 1 ogy. prises which handle their for- | business at the Shanghai for• 1 According to Diao Sheng- eign trade independently. They | eign exchange market was brisk gang, deputy director of the Lu• produce 28 kinds and more with the transaction volume zhou Foreign Economic Rela• than 300 varieties of products, reaching US$1.19 billion com• tions and Trade Commission, such as bristles, down, weed pared with US$1.29 billion for the projects can be exclusive• products, bamboo ware, Daqu \ the whole of last year. This ly or jointly funded or leased liquor, chemicals and hydraulic I year, the exchange rate for US through association. Talks with pressure hoist which are export• dollars has fluctuated between foreign businessmen are now ed to more than 100 countries a high of 5.93 yuan to a low of under way. and regions in Southeast Asia, 5.49 yuan. Luzhou is abundant in miner• Europe and America. Their In September 1988, Shanghai al and forestry resources. The 1989 export volume reached

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 BUSINESS / TRADE

US$10.5 million. creased investment by a total of City, Shandong Province, the Diao added that the Luzhou US$80 million. Foreign invest• Clogs Factory affiliated to his people's government had done a ment has spread from Xiamen company has produced 230,000 lot to improve its investment and Fuzhou to all parts of the pairs since its operation start• environment and that there was province, from the processing ed this March. Of this volume, now in place water, highway industry to hotel, real estate, fi• 170,000 pairs have been export• and air transport networks. The nance and raw materials indus• ed to Japan and sold well in the railway is expected to open next tries. The method of investment market there. year. • has also expanded from exclu• Liu said that his factory co• sive foreign investment to con• operated with the Marunaka Fujian Foreign glomerates. Co. Ltd. of Japan through com• As one of the provinces pensation trade. The Japanese Trade Booms which first introduced the. open side provided two production policy, Fujian Province saw a lines and sent technicians to You Dexin, deputy governor 5.53-fold increase in total in• China to train Chinese workers. of Fujian Province, said at a dustrial output value in the past The Chinese side provides raw recent Foreign Investment and decade, a 3.4-fold increase in materials, workshops and la• Trade Talk in Xiamen City that revenue and a 8.8-fold increase bour. The annual production the year 1990 saw further de• in export. Fujian thus becomes capacity is expected to be 600,- velopment in the province's for• famous for its rapid economic 000 pairs with an output value eign economic relations and development across the coun• of 3 million yuan. The compen• trade. By the end of August, try. sation term will last two years. the province's export value had You added that Fujian would He added that, because the amounted to US$1.25 billion try to further improve its in• quality of Chinese workers is and an increase of US$300 mil• vestment environment and at• high and because they have lion, or 31.65 percent on the tach greater importance to the grasped well the technology, all same period last year. Of this, absorption of foreign invest• products have reached the re• exports by foreign-funded en• ment. He encouraged foreigners quired standard and smoothly terprises reached US$360 mil• and Taiwan, Macao and Hong entered the Japanese market. lion, up 78 percent on the same Kong compatriots to invest in period last year. Between Janu• The materials for the clogs of Fujian. He said that small pro• Taian come from Chinese para• ary and August, Fujian permit• jects and medium-sized projects ted 642 items of direct foreign sol trees. Taian and its neigh• will be given the same attention bours, like Feicheng, Ningyang investment with US$569 mil• as large ones; separated and lion of contracted investments, and Dongping counties, are all individual investment will be abundant in Chinese parasol up 25.6 percent on the same treated equally as the devel• period last year. Of this, the trees and their annual out• opment of adjoining tracks of put all surpasses 5,000 cubic contract investment by Taiwan land; the development of the businessmen reached US$345 metres. The supply of raw ma• raw materials industry will be terials is thus ensured. Because million, accounting for 60.6 combined with that of the pro• percent of the total foreign in• clog production is labour- cessing industry; the new in• intensive and because Japan is vestment absorbed by the prov• vestment projects will be put ince. short of Chinese parasol trees, on line simultaneously with the Japanese businessmen shifted According to You, as the new technological transformation of clog production to China. projects are developed, a group old enterprises; agricultural de• of established foreign-funded velopment projects will be put The factory is preparing to enterprises have either in• on a par with industrial pro• import another two advanced creased their investment or ex• jects. • production lines and large siev• panded their production. By the ing equipment by means of end of July, 80 percent of the compensatory trade. By then, province's 1,800 foreign-funded China Exports the production capacity will be enterprises had become export- Clogs to Japan doubled and the factory will be oriented business and 85 per• the biggest overseas clog produ• cent of them made profits. One- According to Liu Jiazhong, cer for Japan. seventh of the foreign-funded manager of the Handicrafts Im• by Kou Zhengling enterprises in Xiamen in• port and Export Co. of Taian

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 31 CULTURE / SCIENCE

Exhibition Puts Ancient Heritage in the Picture s an ethnic minority group in particular the natural envi• of Austrian origin, spent 27 with a population of 252,- ronment, and questioned why so years in today's Lijiang Naxi A 000, the Naxis of South• many young men and women Autonomous Region, home of west China's Yunnan Province committed suicide for love. the Naxi people. By mingling possess a unique cultural her• The Spiritual Road Map with the Naxis and talking with itage—the Dongba ideographic (shenlutu) also on show is ac• the Dongba priests, he was able language. tually a pictographic code of to write an encyclopaedic dic• The pictographs actually ethics telling the Naxis what to tionary transcribing the ideo- helped to give birth to and nur• do and what not to do. People graphics into English. ture the ancient Naxi Dongba who disobeyed the codes would On leaving China, he brought religion and culture whose rich be subjected to torture like the with him more than 2,000 vol• legacy is recorded in tens of victims depicted in the map. For umes of the ancient Dongba thousands of the thick, coarse instance, a man who once spoke manuscripts, which he donated pages of the ancient Naxi man• ill of others had his tongue to the State Library of Germany uscripts. stretched out by ghosts in hell. in West Berlin. The writings cover history, More than a dozen books, Yang Fuquan, a researcher of language, religion, philosophy, published in Chinese, English, Naxi nationality with the Yun• ethics, customs, literature, art, German and Japanese, are dis• nan Academy of Social Sciences astronomy and the calendar. played in glass shelves. in Kunming, spent three years The pictographs were also used Collected by the local county there with his German col• I extensively to note down dances research institute on the Dongba leagues sorting out and tran• at ritual ceremonies. It is the culture, the books are testament scribing the manuscripts. earliest known dance notation in to the interest of international More than 18,000 existing vol- the world. scholars in the Dongba culture, II umes of the manuscripts are The rich Naxi culture makes and especially in its ideographic kept in the Beijing Library, the the current Exhibition of the language. Library of the Central Institute Dongba Culture of the Ethnic In fact, the mysterious picto• of Nationalities, the Nanjing Naxi at the Nationalities Cul- graphic symbols are the envy of Museum, the Library of Con• i tural Palace one of the most out- scholars the world over, since' gress in Washington DC in the i standing of the more than 20 they represent an important United States, and also in Italy, shows taking place during the stage in the development of an• according to Yang. 11th Asian Games. cient writing forms from pic• The showpieces relating to the To best display the Dongba tures into hieroglyphics. Dongba religion make up a large ideograph, religion and culture, Moreover, unlike ancient part of the Dongba Culture of researchers and officials from Egyptian hieroglyphics which the Naxi Ethnic Exhibition. the Lijiang Naxi Autonomous remained mute and have long According to local research• County of Yunnan Province been dead, the Dongba language ers, the religious exhibits com• have provided the exhibition is still very much alive in the prise murals, scrolls, pottery fi• \yixh more than 200 showpieces. minds of senior Dongba priests gurines, scriptures and cos• There are four charts compar- who have inherited the language tumes. I ing ancient Naxi hieroglyphics from their forefathers. The murals are replicas of ' with modern Chinese characters While the deciphering of the those now hanging on the walls and Latinized English. ancient Egyptian pictographs of a few temples in Naxi popu• More than 30 ceremonial owes much to the discovery of lated areas. bamboo stakes bearing religious the Rosetta Stone in 1799, old The rest have been and are 1 paintings show an ancient socie• Dongba priests started to help still used by Dongba priests dur• ty in which people worshipped researchers translate the ideo• ing ritual ceremonies that bes• many gods, feared many ghosts, graphs early this century. tow fortune and happiness on instituted strict ethics protecting Joseph F. Rock, an American the worshipers.

32 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 CULTURE/SCIENCE The exhibits show that the posers ranging from the 17th to two key boards, one mechanical, Dongba religion bears the influ• the 20th century. He also gave the other, computer-controlled, j ence of Taoism, Buddhism and an introduction to the history of It has three rows of hand keys especially Bon Shamanism—a the pipe organ, its musical qual• and two rows of foot keys. Its local Tibetan religion that was ities and important works com• performing range includes all later overrun by Lamaism. posed for it. His excellent pre• the classical and modern organ The preachers of the religion sentation and vivid explanation pieces. The pipe organ is not —most now in their 60s and won enthusiastic applause from only a musical instrument but even 80s—are* apparently well the audience. also a majestic work of art. trained in witchcraft, medicine, Sun Zhaoshen, vice-director Sun said that the Chinese mu• hterature, and arts and crafts. of the Beijing Concert Hall, sicians were training pipe organ They are the carriers of the an• said, "We had hoped for many players. This work has been un• cient Naxi culture. years to get a pipe organ and we dertaken by Zuo Yin and Wang Contemporary artists, howev• have done a lot of preparatory Meizhen, both teachers at the er, are now making use of the work." He told us that in 1987 Chinese Academy of Music, ideographic symbols of the an• the famous Chinese conductor who had studied organ playing cient Dongba language in their Yan Liangkun visited the Kar- in the Soviet Union and Japan. own imaginative modern paint• nov Pipe Organ Factory in Cze• "The pipe organ has been con• ings, tapestry and other arts. choslovakia while attending the sidered the most perfect musical by Li Xing Prague Spring Festival. With instrument in the world," said the help of Zhang Dake, Li Delun, noted Chinese con• Chinese ambassador to Czechos• ductor. "In the past, our Chinese lovakia, Yan commissioned the orchestra could not perform factory to make a pipe organ for many world classics because we Pipe Organ Makes China. With this China prompt• did not have one. Now recitals, Debut in Beijing ly sent piano technician Ma solo concerts and symphonies Guilin and sound technician can be performed at the Beijing pipe organ recently in• Wang Shijin to Czechoslovakia Concert Hall. It helps broaden stalled in the Beijing Con• to participate in the manufac• our channels for international A cert Hall has aroused ture and to learn how to repair cultural exchanges," he added. great interest among music lov• and maintain the instrument. ers. This is the first pipe organ The Beijing Concert Hall is in China's mainland used exclu• The pipe organ, 13.8 metres located at the southern side sively for concert performances. high and 19 metres wide, weighs of Changan Boulevard. It is a On August 24, a pipe organ 26 tons. It has 4,859 pipes and white building on a black mar- concert was held at the Beijing Concert Hall to mark the event. Tang Muhai, a noted young Chinese conductor, returned from Austria especially to lead the Central Philharmonic Sym• phony Orchestra at the concert. One of the most impressive pieces presented at the concert was Saint-Saen's Organ Sym• 4\' phony. Robert Doughen, a world- famous pipe organist from Aus• tralia, was invited to perform. In his opinion, the pipe organ was really a world-level instru• ment. Besides playing at the opening concert, Doughen gave two solo concerts which featured world organ classics by famous com•

BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21,1990 33 CULTURE / SCIENCE ble base, elegant and solemn. Since 1986, more than 1,000 concerts have been held here, many Chinese and foreign, mu• sicians including Domingo, Sei- zi Ozawa, have also performed to large audiences here. Following installation of this new instrument, a great number of musical programmes will be scheduled at the Beijing Concert Hall; for example, between late August and late October, there will be more than 50 concerts. by Feng Jing

Underwater Robot The underwater robot for seabed investigation W£i LIMING Gets the Job Done underwater. A conventional in• In 1986, the Seaman No.2 ro• vestigation would have involved bot dived 199 metres deep in n October 1988, a golden stopping all the generating sets the South China Sea where the floating object appeared on and incurring a huge economic waves were strong. In this fairly I surface of the Songhua Lake loss. complicated situation it fulfilled in northeast China. After it dived deep down into the water, Goldfish No.2 solved the the task of installing the re• the underwater conditions at the problem. It dived underwater quired apparatus at a depth of Fengman Hydropower Station and recorded the conditions . The Seaman No.l appeared clearly on a screen in near the dam, giving the scien• was an outstanding technologi• its monitoring room. The eyes tists solid basis for making a de• cal achievement. Its electronic of the technicians and engineers cision. The scientists were high• control system has surpassed sitting before the screen opened ly satisfied with the robot and that of the SCORP-10 sea robot wide because no one had known decided to buy one to help them which is a world-famous type, the conditions underwater since in their routine work. and reached the international 1944 when the Japanese built According to Feng Xisheng, level of the early 1980s. The suc• the hydropower station. director of the third research de• cess of the Seaman No.l is one The golden, rectangular- partment of the Shenyang Au• of the important indications of shaped object is no other than tomation Institute, China has China's advance in the research the robot named Goldfish No.2, more than 20,000 dams includ• of robot. made by scientists of the Shen• ing more than 2,000 large and In 1987, the institute introd• yang Automation Institute un• middle-sized ones. More than uced advanced foreign technolo• der the Chinese Academy of 50 of them have been used for gy and made the first medium- Sciences. The robot had helped many years. All the dams need sized robot which passed neces• amass a great deal of data for the robot to make investigations sary checks and appraisals. In the reconstruction of the Feng- underwater. December 1988, the robot suc• man Hydropower Station. The The Shenyang Automation cessfully performed offshore dam of the station has ten sluice Institute began to do research drilling for the South China Sea gates, but only eight generating on this type of robot at the end No.2 Petroleum Platform and sets had been installed. As the of the 1970s. The first ro• was highly appraised by both national economy developed, bot for underwater investiga• Chinese and foreign technicians. engineers wanted to install two tion, named Seaman No.2, was At present, the Shenyang Au• more generating sets on the made in December 1985. It suc• tomation Institute is doing re• ninth and tenth sluice gates. cessfully fulfilled its functional search on the making of an in• However they had too little in• experiment 60 metres underwa• telligence underwater robot. formation about the conditions ter in the Bohai Sea. by Wei Liming

34 BEIJING REVIEW, OCTOBER 15-21, 1990 Finger Paintings by Li Bingqi Li Bingqi, born in Weifang, Shandong Province in 1947, is now both an associate researcher with the Mass Art Hall in Weifang and a guest painter of the Chinese Painting Research Institute. His paintings are created without the use of the brush. He instead paints by dabbing his finger and palm after dipping them in ink and water.

Forest in Autumn.

ART PAGE

Bamboo.

Lotus. 1991 Subscription Campaign

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