Hindsight: the Moving Image and the Post-Photographic
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Understanding Edward Muybridge: Historical Review of Behavioral
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS Neurosurg Focus 39 (1):E4, 2015 Understanding Edward Muybridge: historical review of behavioral alterations after a 19th-century head injury and their multifactorial influence on human life and culture Sunil Manjila, MD,1 Gagandeep Singh, MD,2 Ayham M. Alkhachroum, MD,2 and Ciro Ramos-Estebanez, MD, PhD2,3 Departments of 1Neurosurgery and 2Neurology, and 3Divisions of Neurocritical Care and Stroke, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio Edward Muybridge was an Anglo-American photographer, well known for his pioneering contributions in photography and his invention of the “zoopraxiscope,” a forerunner of motion pictures. However, this 19th-century genius, with two original patents in photographic technology, made outstanding contributions in art and neurology alike, the latter being seldom acknowledged. A head injury that he sustained changed his behavior and artistic expression. The shift of his interests from animal motion photography to human locomotion and gait remains a pivotal milestone in our understand- ing of patterns in biomechanics and clinical neurology, while his own behavioral patterns, owing to an injury to the orbitofrontal cortex, remain a mystery even for cognitive neurologists. The behavioral changes he exhibited and the legal conundrum that followed, including a murder of which he was acquitted, all depict the complexities of his personality and impact of frontal lobe injuries. This article highlights the life journey of Muybridge, drawing parallels with Phineas Gage, whose penetrating head injury has been studied widely. The wide sojourn of Muybridge also illustrates the strong con- nections that he maintained with Stanford and Pennsylvania universities, which were later considered pinnacles of higher education on the two coasts of the United States. -
Eadweard Muybridge Collection UPT 50 M993 Finding Aid Prepared by Amy Miller, Revised by Dianna Hemsath and Mary D
Eadweard Muybridge Collection UPT 50 M993 Finding aid prepared by Amy Miller, revised by DiAnna Hemsath and Mary D. McConaghy. Last updated on October 31, 2013. University of Pennsylvania, University Archives and Records Center October 2000, January 2005, September 2008 Eadweard Muybridge Collection Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 5 ARRANGEMENT......................................................................................................................................... 6 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................7 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 8 Animal Locomotion Study Collotypes and Publications........................................................................ 8 Photographs............................................................................................................................................89 -
Eadweard Muybridge 1 Eadweard Muybridge
Eadweard Muybridge 1 Eadweard Muybridge Eadweard Muybridge Born Edward James Muggeridge9 April 1830Kingston upon Thames, England Died 8 May 1904 (aged 74)Kingston upon Thames, England Resting place Woking, Surrey, England Nationality [1] British Ethnicity English Occupation Photographer Eadweard J. Muybridge ( /ˌɛdwərdˈmaɪbrɪdʒ/; 9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904) was an English photographer who spent much of his life in the United States. He is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion which used multiple cameras to capture motion, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip.[2] Names Born Edward James Muggeridge, he changed his name several times early in his US career. First he changed his forenames to the Spanish equivalent Eduardo Santiago, perhaps because of the Spanish influence on Californian place names. His surname appears at times as Muggridge and Muygridge (possibly due to misspellings), and Muybridge from the 1860s. In the 1870s he changed his first name again to Eadweard, to match the spelling of King Edward shown on the plinth of the Kingston coronation stone, which was re-erected in Kingston in 1850. His name remained Eadweard Muybridge for the rest of his career.[3] However, his gravestone bears a further variant, Eadweard Maybridge. He used the pseudonym Helios (Greek god of the sun) on many of his photographs, and also as the name of his studio and his son's middle name.[4] Eadweard Muybridge 2 Early life and career He was born at Kingston-on-Thames, England on April 9, 1830. He emigrated to the US, arriving in San Francisco in 1855, where he started a career as a publisher's agent and bookseller. -
Moving Pictures: the History of Early Cinema by Brian Manley
Discovery Guides Moving Pictures: The History of Early Cinema By Brian Manley Introduction The history of film cannot be credited to one individual as an oversimplification of any his- tory often tries to do. Each inventor added to the progress of other inventors, culminating in progress for the entire art and industry. Often masked in mystery and fable, the beginnings of film and the silent era of motion pictures are usually marked by a stigma of crudeness and naiveté, both on the audience's and filmmakers' parts. However, with the landmark depiction of a train hurtling toward and past the camera, the Lumière Brothers’ 1895 picture “La Sortie de l’Usine Lumière à Lyon” (“Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory”), was only one of a series of simultaneous artistic and technological breakthroughs that began to culminate at the end of the nineteenth century. These triumphs that began with the creation of a machine that captured moving images led to one of the most celebrated and distinctive art forms at the start of the 20th century. Audiences had already reveled in Magic Lantern, 1818, Musée des Arts et Métiers motion pictures through clever uses of slides http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magic-lantern.jpg and mechanisms creating "moving photographs" with such 16th-century inventions as magic lanterns. These basic concepts, combined with trial and error and the desire of audiences across the world to see entertainment projected onto a large screen in front of them, birthed the movies. From the “actualities” of penny arcades, the idea of telling a story in order to draw larger crowds through the use of differing scenes began to formulate in the minds of early pioneers such as Georges Melies and Edwin S. -
THE PUBLIC EXHIBITION of MOVING PICTURES BEFORE 1896 by Deac Rossell
THE PUBLIC EXHIBITION OF MOVING PICTURES BEFORE 1896 by Deac Rossell [Pre-publication English-language text later published in slightly altered form in KINtop: Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des frühen Films, 14/15 (Frankfurt am Main/Basle, 2006: Stroemfeld/Roter Stern)] Part 1: Choosing a different perspective This article is an attempt to refresh our ideas of how moving pictures were invented and first seen. It is also an attempt to find one new way — of many possible ways — of discussing the earliest moving pictures, and in so doing to think again about which inventors or pioneers were significant in developing moving image culture. A fresh look at the period of invention before 1896, particularly one that is frank and open about its assumptions and methodology, and one that incorporates recent scholarship from all of Europe as well as America, can help to illuminate the work of some figures who have been poorly served – or even wholly ignored – in the received version of the history of the invention of moving pictures. As an appendix to the main text, but as a crucial element of this recast narrative, a chronology noting specific moving picture exhibitions forms Part 3 of this essay. Why is an article about the earliest public exhibition of moving pictures necessary? What new shapes does it bring to the story of the invention of the cinema as it is usually written? This story is usually conceived as a narrative about technology; indeed, the very use of the word “invention” popularly implies some ingenious arrangement of mechanical elements to produce a wholly new effect or process. -
Muybridge in Minnesota Bradley Chisholm St
St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Film Studies Faculty Working Papers Department of Theatre and Film Studies 9-18-2016 Muybridge in Minnesota Bradley Chisholm St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/film_wps Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation Chisholm, Bradley, "Muybridge in Minnesota" (2016). Film Studies Faculty Working Papers. 1. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/film_wps/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theatre and Film Studies at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Film Studies Faculty Working Papers by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Muybridge in Minnesota by Brad Chisholm Photographer Eadweard Muybridge is considered, if not the father of the motion picture, then at least its grandfather. His revolutionary work in instantaneous photography directly inspired inventors in Europe and North America to create the earliest motion picture cameras.1 Muybridge’s breakthrough came in 1878 when he used twelve cameras with trip wires to photograph running horses at split-second intervals. He had been commissioned to settle a “dispute among horsemen,” as he often put it, as to whether a trotting horse ever had all four hooves off the ground at once, a phenomenon known as unsupported transit. Muybridge’s photographs did what the human eye could not. He proved that unsupported transit was real, but in doing so he achieved something more spectacular—he had created the first sequence of “freeze frames” the world had ever seen. -
The Experimental Origins of Cinema and Stereo
University of Dundee Capturing Motion and Depth before Cinematography Wade, Nicholas J. Published in: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2015.1070029 Publication date: 2016 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Wade, N. J. (2016). Capturing Motion and Depth before Cinematography. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 25(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2015.1070029 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 Capturing motion and depth before cinematography Nicholas J. Wade, School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Tel: +44 3182 384616 E-mail: [email protected] Running head: motion and depth This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of the history of the neurosciences, January 2016, available online: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2015.1070029 1 ABSTRACT Visual representations of biological states have traditionally faced two problems: they lacked motion and depth. -
Barnaby Dicker, 2018 1 Salvador Dalí and Marcel
©Barnaby Dicker, 2018 Salvador Dalí and Marcel Duchamp: “Reversing the laws of cinematography”...frame-by- frame. By Barnaby Dicker This essay considers some of the imaginative ways Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) and Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) explored and presented frame-based conceptualizations of cinematography. That is to say, cinematography understood fundamentally as an ensemble of discrete frames that underpin any subsequent “animation.” I argue that the two artists do so in a radically regressive way that directly leads back to the Cinématographe’s earliest incarnations and the proto-cinematographic “broth”1 of the nineteenth century and beyond, as well as, in the same gesture, inviting a primal understanding of the technology. I refer to this gesture as atavistic – to borrow a favourite term of Dalí’s; atavism meaning a reversion to archaic, ancestral states. Hence the quotation “reversing the laws of cinematography” in the title, taken from a late 1970’s report on an unrealized project of Dalí’s.2 This cinematographic atavism takes us back to a notional “originary” point where cinematography opens up and reveals its individual frames rather like the “épanouissement cinématique” - translated as Cinematic Blossoming or Expansion - that Duchamp placed at the center of his famous La mariée mise à nu par ses célibataires, même (The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even) or Large Glass (1915-1923). To reverse the laws of cinematography in the way outlined here is to adopt a “media archaeological,”3 retrospective view that challenges the perceived founding principle of cinematography - to depict seamless movement - by attending to the frames which underpin any such effect. -
Muybridge, the Galloping Horse and Revealed Errors in Art
International Journal of Art and Art History June 2018, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 15-26 ISSN: 2374-2321 (Print), 2374-233X (Online) Copyright © The Author(s).All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijaah.v6n1p2 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v6n1p2 Muybridge, the Galloping Horse and revealed Errors in Art Pangratios Papacosta1 Ph.D., "The horse. Here is nobility without conceit, friendship without envy, beauty without vanity. A willing servant, yet never a slave."Ronald Duncan “When I bestride him, I soar, I am a hawk: he trots the air; the earth sings when he touches it; the basest horn of his hoof is more musical than the pipe of Hermes.” William Shakespeare, Henry V. Introduction The horse has been an intimate part of human history, going back even before the use of writing, found in prehistoric cave paintings that are more than 35,000 years old. The horse has been a symbol of power, nobility and grace. After their domestication around 3,000 BC horses were ridden to battle, used in transportation and hunting, they ploughed fields, raced for trophies and were displayed on royal arms. They were prized for their speed or their pulling power. The scientific term horsepower (hp) is based on the ability of a draft horse to pull up a certain weight to a specific height in one second. Horses in pairs ploughed the fields and when placed in front of a box with wheels, horses went to battle, ran in competitive races or transported heavy loads. -
Rembrandt, the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolas Tulp
86 REMBRANDT, THE ANATOMY LESSON OF DR. NICOLAS TULP (1632) AN EROTICS OF SPACE: THE CINEMATIC APPARATUS IN THE AURA OF SCIENCE JANINE MARCHESSAULT That the destruction ofan illusion does not 87 produce truth but only one more piece ofignorance, an extension ofour "empty space," an increase of our "desert"- Nietzsche - The year is 1632. Eight men of science stand around an anatomy table. The body of a petty tbief from Leyden is stretcbed out in front of them, lifeless. Except for a cloth draped over its genitals, the male body is exposed-open to tbe gaze; its left arm appears partially dissected, the skin pulled back to reveal a greenish mass of muscle tissue. Aris Kindt pays retribution to the society he has wronged; beyond bis death he becomes the servicing agent for a nascent Enlightenment. The scene is famous. Rembrandt's moribund painting The Anatomy Lesson ofDr. Nicolaas Tulp depicts the ceremonial penetration of death in the name of a science which seeks to multiply the order of it's reasoning. l Endeavoring to know death by making it's body clear and distinct, the reputed surgeon Tulp extends the previous public execution to the spectacle of science. The Anatomy Lesson documents an important shift in the relation between power and life ("power over life") in the West. One which Foucault identifies as a shift from the sover eign right to administer death to a life-administering power: "a power bent on generating forces, making them grow, and ordering them, rather than one dedicated to impeding them, making them submit, or destroying them"2. -
William Kennedy Laurie Dickson in His Own Words - an Autobiography Margaret Julia Hames New York University/Marymount Manhattan College, [email protected]
Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association Volume 2010 Proceedings of the 68th New York State Article 6 Communication Association 4-16-2012 "I Have No Pride": William Kennedy Laurie Dickson In His Own Words - An Autobiography Margaret Julia Hames New York University/Marymount Manhattan College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/nyscaproceedings Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Hames, Margaret Julia (2011) ""I Have No Pride": William Kennedy Laurie Dickson In His Own Words - An Autobiography," Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association: Vol. 2010, Article 6. Available at: http://docs.rwu.edu/nyscaproceedings/vol2010/iss1/6 This Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the New York State Communication Association by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hames: "I Have No Pride": William Kennedy Laurie Dickson In His Own Words - An Autobiography “I Have No Pride”: William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, an Autobiography Margaret Julia Hames Marymount Manhattan College ___________________________________________________________________ An early pioneer of cinema technology, author, photographer, and film director W.K.L. Dickson's was one of the first people to perform a new type of subjectivity that we understand as multimedia. Working in the laboratory of Thomas Alva Edison, Dickson's papers, photographs, and films have been carefully preserved as part of the Edison Papers Project and an examination of this archive rises to the level of autobiography. Authors Wyn Wachhorst, Paul Israel, and Charles Musser help to bring to life the world of the Edison Laboratory, the world's first pure research and development company. -
Cinematic Vitalism Film Theory and the Question of Life
INGA POLLMANN INGA FILM THEORY FILM THEORY IN MEDIA HISTORY IN MEDIA HISTORY CINEMATIC VITALISM FILM THEORY AND THE QUESTION OF LIFE INGA POLLMANN CINEMATIC VITALISM Cinematic Vitalism: Film Theory and the INGA POLLMANN is Assistant Professor Question of Life argues that there are in Film Studies in the Department of Ger- constitutive links between early twen- manic and Slavic Languages and Litera- tieth-century German and French film tures at the University of North Carolina theory and practice, on the one hand, at Chapel Hill. and vitalist conceptions of life in biology and philosophy, on the other. By consi- dering classical film-theoretical texts and their filmic objects in the light of vitalist ideas percolating in scientific and philosophical texts of the time, Cine- matic Vitalism reveals the formation of a modernist, experimental and cinema- tic strand of vitalism in and around the movie theater. The book focuses on the key concepts rhythm, environment, mood, and development to show how the cinematic vitalism articulated by film theorists and filmmakers maps out connections among human beings, mi- lieus, and technologies that continue to structure our understanding of film. ISBN 978-94-629-8365-6 AUP.nl 9 789462 983656 AUP_FtMh_POLLMANN_(cinematicvitalism)_rug17.7mm_v02.indd 1 21-02-18 13:05 Cinematic Vitalism Film Theory in Media History Film Theory in Media History explores the epistemological and theoretical foundations of the study of film through texts by classical authors as well as anthologies and monographs on key issues and developments in film theory. Adopting a historical perspective, but with a firm eye to the further development of the field, the series provides a platform for ground-breaking new research into film theory and media history and features high-profile editorial projects that offer resources for teaching and scholarship.