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Technology of Large Flake Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India

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Technology of Large Flake Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 Technology of Large Flake Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India Phd Thesis by: Neetu Agarwal UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 Neetu Agarwal TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA TESI DOCTORAL dirigida pel Dr. Robert Sala i Ramos & Dra. Sheila Mishra Departament d’Historia i Historia de l’Art Tarragona 2014 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 Departament d’Historia i Historia de l’Art Avda. Catalunya, 35 43002, Tarragona Fax. 977 558386 Tel. 977 559595 FAIG CONSTAR que aquest treball, titulat “Technology of Large Flake Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India”, que presenta Neetu Agarwal per a l’obtenció del títol de Doctor, ha estat realitzat sota la meva direcció al Departament d’Historia i Historia de l’Art d’aquesta universitat i que acompleix els requeriments per poder optar a Menció Internacional. Tarragona, 10 de Julio de 2014 Directores de la tesi doctoral Dr. Robert Sala i Ramos Dra. Sheila Mishra UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 THESIS ABSTRACT ENGLISH The present thesis attempts to study the Acheulean at Lalitpur, Central India in terms of site context, formation processes and technological organization employed by the hominins. It attempts to understand the characteristic features of the Acheulean technological organization at the site of Lalitpur. This has been done through the examination of the entire assemblage from the site and not just focusing on bifaces as the 'type fossil' of the Acheulean as has traditionally been done. For this purpose, the chaîne opératoire approach has been used to understand the entire technological organization from raw material procurement, to core reduction, blank production, modification into tools, use, resharpening, discard and alteration subject to post- depositional processes. Quantitative attributes have also been recorded to enable comparisons. Since the assemblage is recovered from near surface contexts, detailed studies of site context and formation processes were also undertaken to assess the integrity of the assemblage. Raw material has often been considered as an important factor affecting stone tools, particularly since the assemblage is predominantly made on granite, therefore detailed raw material studies were carried out. Finally the Acheulean at Lalitpur was compared it with other well studied assemblages in India, Africa and Europe to place the Indian Acheulean in global context The study of the technological organization of the Acheulean hominins at Lalitpur has helped in deriving a comprehensive picture of the stone tool technological repertoire of the Acheulean hominins. It has helped redefine the Indian Acheulean and place it in global context. Further it has helped in clarifying the concept of 'Large Flake Acheulean' and the behavioural implications of this technology. It has also highlighted the importance of 'surface' sites in the study of the Lower Palaeolithic, particularly in India and pointed out the importance of site formation studies in understanding the nature of Palaeolithic sites. i UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 CATALAN Aquesta tesi es proposa d'estudiar l'Aixelià a Lalitpur, Índia Central, sota l'òptica del context del jaciment, el procés de formació del jaciment i l'organització tecnològica duta a terme pels hominins. Pretén comprendre els trets característics de l'organització tecnològica aixeliana al jaciment de Lalitpur. S'ha dut a terme mitjançant l'anàlisi del conjunt complet recuperat en el jaciment i no només focalitzant-la en els bifaços com a "fòssil tipus" de l'Aixelià com s'ha fet tradicionalment. En aquest sentit, s'ha emprat l'aproximació pròpia de l'anàlisi de la cadena operativa per comprendre l'organització tecnològica completa des de l'obtenció de la matèria primera, a la reducció dels nuclis, la producció de les ascles, llur modificació en eines configurades, l'ús, el reavivat, el seu abandonament i l'alteració en el decurs de processos post-deposicionals. També s'han tingut en compte atributs quantitatius per permetre les comparacions amb altres conjunts. Com que el conjunt va ser recuperat en contextos pròxims a la superfície, s'han emprès també estudis detallats del context del jaciment i dels processos de la seva formació a fi de confirmar la integritat del conjunt. El tipus de matèria primera ha estat sovint considerat com un factor important que afecta les eines de pedra, sobretot des del moment en què el conjunt està manufacturat principalment en granit. Per aquesta raó, s'han dut a terme estudis detallats de la matèria primera. Per acabar l'Aixelià de Lalitpur ha estat comparat amb d'altres conjunts ben estudiats de l'Índia, Àfrica i Europa a fi de situar l'Aixelià indi en un context global. L'estudi de l'organització tecnològica dels hominins aixelians de Lalitpur ha servit per a deduir-ne una imatge entenedora de la variabilitat tecnològica de les eines de pedra dels hominins aixelians. Ha ajudat en una redefinició de l'Aixelià de l'Índia i en la seva situació en un context global. A més ha servit per clarificar el concepte de "Aixelià de Grans Ascles" i les implicacions comportamentals d'aquesta tecnologia. També ha destacat la importància dels jaciments "de superficie" en l'estudi del Paleolític inferior, especialment a l'Índia i ha mostrat la importància dels estudis de la formació dels jaciments en la comprensió de les característiques dels jaciments paleolítics. ii UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI TECHNOLOGY OF LARGE FLAKE ACHEULEAN AT LALITPUR, CENTRAL INDIA Neetu Agarwal Dipòsit Legal: T 1012-2015 SPANISH Esta tesis se propone el estudio del Achelense de Lalitpur, India Central, bajo la óptica del contexto del yacimiento, el proceso de formación del mismo y la organización tecnológica llevada a cabo por los homininos. Pretende comprender los rasgos característicos de la organización tecnológica achelense en el yacimiento de Lalitpur. Se ha llevado a cabo mediante el análisis del conjunto completo recuperado en el yacimiento y no tan sólo focalizándolo en los bifaces como 'fósil tipo' del Achelense, tal como se había hecho tradicionalmente. En este sentido, se ha empleado la aproximación propia del análisis de la cadena operativa para comprender la organización tecnológica completa desde la obtención de la materia prima, a la reducción de los núcleos, la producción de lascas, su modificación en herramientas configuradas, su uso, el reavivado, su abandono y la alteración a lo largo de procesos post-deposicionales. También se han tenido en cuenta atributos cuantitativos para permitir las comparaciones con otros conjuntos. Como el conjunto fue recuperado en contextos próximos a la superficie, se han emprendido también estudios detallados del contexto del yacimiento y de los procesos de su formación a fin de confirmar la integridad del conjunto.
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