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Indian Archaeology 1972-73

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Indian Archaeology 1972-73 INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1972-73 —A REVIEW EDITED BY M. N. DESHPANDE Director General Archaeological Survey of India ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI 1978 Cover Recently excavated caskets from Piprahwa 1978 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 40.00 PRINTED AT NABA MUDRAN PRIVATE LTD., CALCUTTA, 700004 PREFACE Due to certain unavoidable reasons, the publication of the present issue has been delayed, for which I crave the indulgence of the readers. At the same time, I take this opportunity of informing the readers that the issue for 1973-74 is already in the Press and those for 1974-75 and 1975-76 are press-ready. It is hoped that we shall soon be up to date in the publication of the Review. As already known, the Review incorporates all the available information on the varied activities in the field of archaeology in the country and as such draws heavily on the contributions made by the organizations outside the Survey as well, viz. the Universities and other Research Institutions, including the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmadabad and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, and the State Departments of Archaeology. My grateful thanks are due to all contributors, including my colleagues in the Survey, who supplied the material embodied in the Review as also helped me in editing and seeing it through the Press. M. N. DESHPANDE New Delhi 1 October 1978 CONTENTS PAGE I. Explorations and Excavations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Arunachal, 3; Bihar, 3; Delhi, 8; Gujarat, 9; Haryana, 12; Jammu and Kashmir, 13; Kerala, 14; Madhya Pradesh, 14; Maharashtra, 20; Mysore, 25; Orissa, 27; Punjab, 28; Rajasthan, 28; Tamil Nadu, 30; Uttar Pradesh, 33; West Bengal, 35. II. Epigraphy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 39 Sanskritic and Dravidic inscriptions, 39. Andhra Pradesh, 39; Assam, 39; Delhi, 40; Gujarat, 40; Maharashtra, 40; Mysore, 41; Orissa, 42; Rajasthan, 42; Tamil Nadu, 44; Uttar Pradesh, 46. Arabic and Persian inscriptions, 47. Bihar, 47; Delhi, 47; Gujarat, 48; Haryana, 48; Jammu and Kashmir, 48; Madhya Pradesh, 48; Maharashtra, 48; Rajasthan, 49; Uttar Pradesh, 50; West Bengal, 52. III. Numismatics and Treasure Trove ... ... ...... 53 Andhra Pradesh, 53; Gujarat, 54; Himachal Pradesh, 54; Madhya Pradesh, 55; Maharashtra, 55; Orissa, 56; Punjab, 57; Rajasthan, 57; Uttar Pradesh, 57; IV. Other Important Discoveries ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 58 Gujarat, 58; Madhya Pradesh, 58; Maharashtra, 59; Mysore, 60; Rajasthan, 60; Tamil Nadu, 62; Uttar Pradesh, 62. V. Radiocarbon Dates ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63 Andhra Pradesh, 63; Gujarat, 63; Maharashtra, 65; Tamil Nadu, 66 Uttar Pradesh, 66. VI. Palaeobotanical and Pollan Analytical Investigations ... ... ... ... 67 Bihar, 67; Delhi, 67; Gujarat, 67; Maharashtra, 67; Rajasthan, 68. VII. Museums ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 69 VIII. Architectural Survey of Temples ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 76 Northern Region, 76; Southern Region, 76. IX. Preservation of Monuments ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 Monuments of National Importance, 79. Central Circle, 79; Eastern Circle, 81; Mid-Eastern Circle, 82; North-Western Circle, 83; Southern Circle, 85; South-Eastern Circle, 87; South-Western Circle, 88; Western Circle, 91; Monuments Maintained by States, 93. Andhra Pradesh, 93; Assam, 94; Gujarat, 95; Maharashtra, 95; Orissa, 95; Rajasthan, 96; West Bengal, 97. X. Expedition Outside India ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 98 Preservation of Buddhist Shrines at Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 98. XI. Archaeological Chemistry ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 99 Treatment of Monuments and Paintings, 99. Bihar, 99; Delhi, 99; Gujarat, 100; Himachal Pradesh, 100; Madhya Pradesh, 100; Maharashtra, 100; Mysore, 101; Orissa, 101; Punjab, 102; Rajasthan, 102; Tamil Nadu, 102; Uttar Pradesh, 103; West Bengal, 104 . Treatment of Excavated objects and Museum Exhibits, 104. Analyses and Research, 105. XII. Archaeological Gardens ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106 Andhra Pradesh, 106; Goa, 106; Maharashtra, 106; Mysore, 106; Punjab, 107; Rajasthan, 107; Uttar Pradesh, 108. XIII. Publications ... … … … … … … … 109 Publications of the Survey, 109. Other Publications, 109. INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1972-73 -A REVIEW I. EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH 1. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT EAST GODAVARI.—Dr T. V. G. Sastri of the South eastern Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India1 located an ancient mound at Moral, Taluk Peddapuram. The mound shows a thin layer, yielding the megalithic Black-and- red Ware in the lower levels and a thick deposit, yielding medieval red and grey wares in the upper. 2. EXCAVATION AT GOLCONDA, DISTRICT HYDERABAD.—The Department of Archaeo logy, Government of Andhra Pradesh, resumed its fifth field-season of excavation on the northern and north-eastern side near Qutb Shahi Tombs at Golconda. The excavation laid bare many important structures like ware-house (pl. IA), residential quarters, palace complex, military quarters, assembly hall, cemetery and a net work of conduit pipes con- nected with hydrants at regular intervals. On the southern side of the main mosque, the excavation revealed another three rooms, which were provided with independent entrances facing south. All the rooms were nicely plastered with lime. Prefacing one of the rooms was found a soakage pit meant for the locality. In continuation of the work done last year, a mound about 2.50 m high was tapped in close proximity to the distillery. A wall raised over a basement of 35 cm runs in east-west orientation to a length of 6 m encircling a verandah, small apartment and a row of vats. An approach to this complex was noticed on the western corner through a small apartment, measuring 2.65 X 3.70 m, nicely plastered with lime. At a higher level a platform made of rammed clay or earth grave was exposed. The antiquities recovered from this site included sherds of Celadon Ware, fragments of Syrian wine bottles. In the course of the excavation, other associated structures connected with water supply, sewage, etc., were also exposed. Further north, a huge wall, in alignment with the citadel wall, was laid bare. In close proximity to this site was located the cemetery belonging to the period of Qutb-ul-Mulk and probably members of his royal families. In later period, the succeeding kings had built huge mausoleums at the site. Besides, some cisterns with regular steps leading to the floor were also exposed in close proximity to the cemetery. The excavation yielded a rich array of minor antiquities such as copper coins, long-necked decanters with round profile, terracotta figurines, beads of faience and paste, glass beads showing segmented, gadrooned, cylindrical and disc shape. Pinch-lipped and 1 This organization is referred to in the following pages as the 'Survey'. 1 INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1972-73—A REVIEW perforated vessels, Celadon Ware, silver, copper and iron objects, rings inset with carnelian and jasper petals, pestle, mortar, querns, hilt of a sword and pottery including a paper thin variety decorated with intersecting circles, scale pattern, cross-hatching, chevrons, lozenges, zigzags and sigmas. The excavated finds indicate that the site represents the metropolitan town of Qutb-ul-Mulk, founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Covering an area of 8 sq. km it shows a gridiron plan. The bulk of the buildings, however, belong to Sultan Quli's period. 3. EXCAVATION AT PEDDABANKUR, DISTRICT KARIMNAGAR.—In continuation of the previous work, the Department of Archaeology, Government of Andhra Pradesh, carried out excavation at Peddabankur. During the current field season, excavation was continued inside the brick enclosure adjacent to the smaller well, as a result of which another elliptical rubble basement was laid bare. At the points where the two wings of the elliptical structure (pl. I B) overlap the brick lining of the well, the bricks were found missing up to the top, which may indicate that two wooden poles were raised for carrying a pulley to draw water from the well. Two circular rubble basements, each with a diameter of 85 cm, were found inside the structure for supporting the wooden poles. A 1-m wide entrance seems to have been provided on the southern side. The flooring in front of the entrance was rammed with hard morum. The excavation revealed a two-fold sequence of Satavahana and Pre-Satavahana cultures. The coins recovered from the former include those of Gautamiputra Satkarni while finds of the latter culture consisted of only pottery and a few stray neolithic implements. 4. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT KRISHNA.—Dr T. V. G. Sastri of the South-eastern Circle of the Survey found a late medieval Siva temple towards the northern side of Chikkavaram village in Taluk Gannavaram. An inscription, dated to the sixteenth century, was located on a pillar near the dhvaja-stambha. 5. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT KURNOOL.—During the course of his exploration under the Srisailam Project, Shri B. Rajarao of the South-eastern Circle of the Survey noticed the megalithic Black-and-red Ware at Pratakota in Taluk Nandidotkur. 6. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT MAHBUBNAGAR.—During his exploration at Chandragupta-Patna near Srisailam, Shri Venkateswara Rao of the South-eastern Circle of the Survey found brick structures of the early historical period. 7. EXCAVATION AT GOLLATHAGUDI, DISTRICT MAHBUBNAGAR.—In continuation of the previous season's work, the Department of Archaeology, Government of Andhra Pradesh, undertook excavation at this site under the direction of Shri Mohd. Abdul
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