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35
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36
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32. Ibid. p.17.
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40
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41
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42
Chapter 2
1. Elwin, Verrier, ‘A Philosophy for NEFA’, Shillong, 1960, quoted by Raha, M.K.
and Das, J.C., ‘Constitutional Safeguards for Scheduled tribes- Their Relevance
and Implications’ in Buddhadeb Chowdhary (ed.), Tribal Development in India:
Problems and Prospects, Inter India Publications, Delhi, 1982, p.310.
2. Elwin, Verrier, A New Deal for Tribal India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New
Delhi, 1963, p. 10.
3. Revankar, R.G., Indian Constitution: A Case Study of Backward Classes, 1971,
p.151.
4. Ghurye, G.S., The Scheduled Tribes, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1958, p. 117.
5. Verma, M.M., Tribal development in India, Mittal Publication, New Delhi, 1996.
P. 5.
6. Danda, Ajit, K,. ‘Statutory Provisions Safeguarding Interest of Scheduled Tribes
and Scheduled Castes’ L.P. Vidyarthi (ed.), Tribal Development and Its
Administration, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1981, p. 19.
7. Vidyarthi, L.P., Rai, B.K., The Tribal Culture of India, Concept Publishing
Company, New Delhi, 1976. p. 412.
8. Elwin, Verier, The Baiga, Gian Publishing House, Delhi, 1939, p. 515.
9. Elwin, Verrier, The Aboriginals, Oxford University Press, London, 1943, pp. 7-13.
10. Hasan, Amir, Tribal Administration in India, B.R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi,
1988.
11. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol, 18, The Publication Division,
Government of India, New Delhi,1980.
12. The Constitution of India, Easter Book Company, Allahabad, 1989.
64
13. Elwin, Verrier, The Tribal World of Verrier Elwin: An Autobiography, Oxford
University Press, London, 1964, pp. 296-297.
14. Elwin, Verrier, 1964, Ibid, pp. 254-286.
15. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Vidyarthi, L.P. & Rai, Binoy Kumar, Ibid, p. 416.
19. Ghurya, G. S., The Scheduled Tribes, Popular Prakashan, Pvt. Ltd., Bombay,
1963.pp. 48-53.
20. Ibid, p. 32.
21. Ibid.
22. Kulkarni, P.D., ‘Tribal Welfare some Problems of Implementation’, Published in
Souvenir : National Seminar on Welfare of Tribes and Denitrified Communities
with Reference to Fourth Plan, Bhopal, 1 964, p. 122.
23. Nehru, Jawaharlal, Speech at the Opening Session of the Scheduled Tribes and
Scheduled Areas Conference, New Delhi, June,7, 1942, as reproduced in
Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches, Vol, 2, Publication Division, New Delhi.1949-1958.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Elwin, Verrier, A Philosophy for NEFA, Shillong, 1964.
28. As reproduced in Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches, Vol, 2, Publication Division, New
Delhi, 1983.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
65
31. As reproduced in Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches, Vol, III, Publication Division,
New Delhi, June 7, 1952.
32. Vidyarthi, L.P. & Rai, Binoy Kumar, Ibid, p. 428.
33. Ibid, p. 429.
34. Haimendorf, C.V.F., Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival, University of
California Press, 1982.
35. Jawaharlal Nehru, Foreword to the Second Edition, 9 October, 1958, Verrier
Elwin, A Philosophy for NEFA, Shilling, 1959.
36. Guha, Ramachandra, Savaging the Civilized: Verrier Elwin, His Tribals, and
India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2001, p. 269.
37. Rath, Govinda Chandra, Nehru and Elwin on Tribal Development: Contrasting
Perspectives, Govinda Chandra Rath (ed.), Tribal Development in India: The
Contemporary Debate, Sage Publications, New Delhi, p. 77.
38. Jawaharlal Nehru, Foreword to the First Edition, Verrier Elwin, A Philosophy for
NEFA, Shilling, 1957.
39. Elwin, Verrier, A Philosophy of Love, Publications Division, 1962.
40. Vidyarthi, L.P. & Rai, Binoy Kumar, Ibid, p. 419.
41. Elwin, Verrier, ‘Issues in Tribal Policy Making’, Romesh Thaper (ed.) Tribe,
Caste, and Religion in India, MacMillan Company of India Ltd., Delhi, 1977, p.
35.
42. Xaxa, Virginius, Tribes and Development: Retrospect and Prospect, Dev Nathan
and Virginius Xaxa (ed.), Social Exclusion and Adverse Inclusion: Development
and Deprivation of Adivasis in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2012,
p.26.
66
43. Majumdar, D. N., Adivasi aur Unki Samasyayen in Bihar Ke Adivasi, Book
Centre, Patna, pp. 180-196.
44. Ibid.
45. Dube, S. C., Approaches to Tribal Problems in Indian Anthropology in Action,
Ranchi, 1960.
46. Vidyarthi, L.P. & Rai, Binoy Kumar, Ibid, p. 422.
47. Ibid, p. 423.
48. Ibid.
49. Xaxa, Virginius, Tribes and Development: Retrospect and Prospect, Dev Nathan
and Virginius Xaxa (ed.), Social Exclusion and Adverse Inclusion: Development
and Deprivation of Adivasis in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2012,
p.26.
50. Xaxa, Virginius, Ibid.
51. Mehta, Prakash Chandra, Development of Indian Tribes, Discovery Publishing
House, New Delhi, P. 102.
52. Xaxa, Virginius, Ibid, pp. 26-27.
53. Upadhyay, H.C.,Constitutional Safeguards for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes of India,(ed.),Upadhyay, H. C., Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes in
India:A Socio- Economic Profile, Anmol Publications,New Delhi, 1991, pp. 69-70.
54. Report of the Commissioners for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 1973-74,
The Controller of Publications, Delhi, 1976.
55. Mehta, Prakash Chandra, Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes, Discovery
Publishing House, New Delhi, 2004, p. 24.
56. Vidyarthi, L.P. & Rai, Binoy Kumar, Ibid, pp. 425-26.
57. Ibid, p. 426.
67
Chapter 3 1. Vidyarthi, L.P. and Rai Binay Kumar., The Tribal Culture of India, Concept
Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1976,p.29.
2. Thakur, Devendra & Thakur, D.N., Industrialisation in Tribal Areas, Deep & Deep
Publications, New Delhi, 1994, pp. 14-15.
3. Tripathi, S.N., Tribal Development: Issues and Policy Options, Anmol
Publications PVT. LTD, New Delhi, 2007, pp. 75-76.
4. Elwin, Verrier, A New Deal for Tribal India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New
Delhi, 1963, p. 14
5. Raha, M.K., Introduction in Tribal India, Vol.1, Gian Publishing House, Delhi,
1989, p. xxii-xxiv.
6. Sharma, B.D., Planning for tribal Development, Prachi Prakashan, New Delhi,
1984, p.55.
7. Rao, P. Venkata, Tribal Development: Policy and Practice, Sarup Book Publishers
Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi, 2001.
8. Sharma, B.D., Planning for tribal Development, Prachi Prakashan, New Delhi,
1984.
9. Planning Commission, Govt. of India, First Five Year Plan (1951-56), New Delhi,
pp. 630-640.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
107
17. Bhowmick, P.K., “ Report of Scheduled Tribes an Appraisal” in L.P. Vidyarthi
(ed.) Tribal development and its Administration, Concept Publishing Company,
New Delhi, 1981.
18. Planning Commission, Govt. of India, Approach Paper for Ninth Five Year Plan
(1997-2002), New Delhi.
19. Ibid.
20. Documents of 10th Five Year plan, Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New
Delhi.
21. Planning Commission, Govt. of India, 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), New Delhi.
22. Government of India, Ministry of Consumer Affairs Department of Food and
Public Distribution, http://dfpd.nic.in/?q=node/101 (Accessed on dated
20.10.2014), 2014.
23. Dholakia and Khurana, PDS Evolution, Evaluation and Prospects, Oxford and
IBH Pub. Company, New Delhi, 1979, p. 122.
24. Bhatia, B.M., Famines in India: A Study in Some Aspects of Economic History of
India 1860-1985, Asia publishing house, Bombay, 1967, p.24.
25. Rao, V.M., Beyond Surpluses: Food Security in Changing Context, EPW, 28th
January, 1995, p. 8.
26. World Bank, ‘Social Protection for a Changing India’. Washington D.C.: The
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2011.
27. Kundu and Srivastava, “Meeting the Food Security Challenge in India: Medium-
term Goals and Strategies” in Indian Journal of Human Development, 2007, Vol.
1, No.2, pp. 238- 318.
28. Dev.S Mahendra and M.H. Suryanaryana, Is PDS Urban Biased and Prorich: An
Evaluation, E.P.W., 26th November, 1991.
108
29. Radhakrishna, R. and K. Subbarao with S. Indrakant and C. Ravi, “India’s PDS: A
National and International Perspective”, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 380,
Washington DC: World Bank, 1997.
30. Deaton, A., The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Micro econometric Approach to
Development Policy, Washington DC: World Bank, 1999.
31. Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, New Delhi.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ministry of Rural Development, 2005, p.1.
37. Ibid, p.10.
38. Ibid, 2012 p. ix.
39. Comptroller and Auditor General of India, 2013, p.i.
40. Ministry of Rural Development, 2005, pp. 1-2.
41. Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. Bhattacharya, Manibrata, Recent Trends in Acculturated Tribes of West Bengal,
Aparna Book Distributer, Calcutta, 1996, p. 20.
47. Bhowmick, Pradip Kr & Bhowmick, P.K., 2000, “Tribal Literacy in West
Bengal”, Published by R.N. Bhattacharya, Calcutta, P.1.
48. Thakur, Devendra & Thakur, D.N., Ibid, pp. 37-38.
109
49. Vidyarthi, L.P. and Rai Binay Kumar., Ibid, pp.140-141.
50. Report on Development of tribals and Hill Tribes People in the ECAFE Region;
United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand, 1973, p.4.
51. Singh, K.S., Re-thinking Forest, Forest Dwellers and Ecological History,
Chaudhuri, B.B. & Bandopadhyay, Arun (ed.), Tribes, Forest and Social
Formation in Indian History, Manohar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
2004, p.39.
52. Ibid, p. 46.
53. Ibid, pp. 48-49.
54. Bandopadhyay, Arun, Three Issues from a CPR Management: Village Forestry in
Post- colonial South Asia, Chaudhuri, B.B. & Bandopadhyay, Arun (ed.), Tribes,
Forest and Social Formation in Indian History, Manohar Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi, 2004, p. 212.
55. Govt. of India, Resolution No. 22F, dated 19 October, 1984.
56. Report of the Committee on Tribal Economy in Forest Areas, Govt. of India,
Department of Social Welfare, New Delhi, March, 1967, p.12.
57. National Forest Policy, Govt. of India, 1952, Para, 32.
58. Review of the Forest Administration in West Bengal from April1, 1955 to March
31, 1960, Forest Department, Government of West Bengal, Alipore, 1964.
59. Report of the Study Team on Tribal Development Programme Committee on Plan
Projects, Planning Commission, New Delhi, 1969, pp. 41-44.
60. IBRAD and Forest Department, Study of the Vegetation Dynamics in
Regenerating Sal Forest of Moupal Beat, East Midnapur, West Bengal, in S.B.Roy
and Mitali Chatterjee, Joint Forest Management, A Training Manual, Delhi, 1994,
pp. 145-46.
110
61. Thakur, Devendra, Ibid, pp. 162-163.
62. Sarkar, S.R., Some Aspects of Material Culture of the Tribals of West Bengal,
A.K. Das, R.N.Saha, R.Gupta, S.M. Chakraborty (ed.), West Bengal Tribes: Socio-
Economic and Cultural Life, Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute, SCs and
STs Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal, pp. 341-342.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid, PP. 343-44.
65. Ibid, p.345.
66. Ibid, pp. 345-346.
67. Das, A.K., Traditional and Modern Occupations of the Tribal Communities of
West Bengal, A.K. Das, R.N.Saha, R.Gupta, S.M. Chakraborty (ed.), West Bengal
Tribes: Socio- Economic and Cultural Life, Bulletin of the Cultural Research
Institute, SCs and STs Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal, p. 358.
68. Annual Administrative Report, BCW Department, Government of West Bengal,
2010-2011.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid.
111
Chapter 4 1. Das Gupta, N.K., Problems of Tribal Education and the Santals, Bharatiya Adimjati
Sevak Sangh, New Delhi, 1963.
2. Report of the National Seminar on Tribal Education in India, Foreword by T.A.
Koshy, Published by Tribal Education Unit, Dept. of Adult Education (NCERT),
New Delhi, 1967.
3. Bhowmick, Pradip Kr & Bhowmick, P.K., “Tribal Literacy in West Bengal”,
Published by R.N. Bhattacharya, Calcutta, 2000, P, 2000.
4. Das Gupta, N. K., Ibid.
5. Duary, Nabakumar, Education in Tribal India: A Study of West Bengal, A Mittal
Publications, New Delhi, 2010, p. 6.
6. Bose, N.K., Anthropology and Some Indian Problems, Institute of Social Research
and Applied Anthropology, Calcutta, 1972, p.5.
7. Ibid, p. 9.
8. Ibid, p. 110.
9. Roy Chowdhary, B.K., Tribal Education in West Bengal, Bulletin of C.R.I., Govt. of
West Bengal, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1964.
10. Sachchidananda, Education and Changes in Social Values, Man in India, Vol. 48,
No.1, 1968.
11. Dani, B. D. Tribal Education: Problems of Today and Tomorrow A study of Buska
Tribe of Uttar Pradesh. Cited in: H. C. Upadhyay (ed.), Scheduled Caste and
Scheduled Tribes in India A socio-economic profile, Anmol Publications., 1979, pp.
227-228.
12. Bhowmick, K.L., Choudhuri, M.K., Sarkar, K.K., Tribal Literacy in West Bengal: A
Situational Analysis, State Resource Centre, West Bengal, Calcutta, 1988.
143
13. Tarafdar, Pradip., Secondary Education Amongst the Scheduled Tribe Girls, Ratna
Gupta(ed.), Profiles of Tribal Women in West Bengal, Bulletin of C.R.I., Govt. of
West Bengal, Special Series No. 34, 1990,
14. George, S. K. Modern Education, Empowerment and Tribes women. Cited in: S.
Miri (ed.), Rationality and Thought. Mittal Publications. New Delhi, 2004, p.163.
15. Lewis, M. A., and Lockheed, M. E. Getting All Girls into School, Finance and
Development, International Monetary Fund. Vol. 44 (2), 2007.
16. Sujatha, K., Education among Scheduled Tribes. In Govinda, R. (ed.), India
Education Report: A Profile of Basic Education. New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 2002.
17. Jha, J., Jhingran, D., Elementary Education for the Poorest and Other Deprived
Groups, Centre for Policy Research. New Delhi, 2002.
18. Biswas, P.C., Tribal Education, Problems of Education of the Tribal People of
India, NCERT, New Delhi, 1966.
19. Nair, P., “Whose Public Action? Analyzing Inter-sectoral Collaboration for Service
Delivery: Identification of Programmes for Study in India.” International
Development Department, Economic and Social Research Council, 2007.
20. Abdulraheem, A., Education for the Economically and Socially Disadvantaged
Groups in India, an Assessment Economic Affairs ,Vol. 56, No. 2, June, 2011, pp.
233-242.
21. Bhowmick, Pradip Kr & Bhowmick, P.K., “Tribal Literacy in West Bengal”,
Published by R.N. Bhattacharya, Calcutta, 2000.
22. Chowdhuri, M.K., Tribal Literacy from Planning Perspective, Bulletin of the
Cultural Research Institute, vol, xviii, 1992.
144
23. National Council of Educational Research and Training, Govt. of India, New Delhi,
1961.
24. Report of the committee on distribution of income and levels of living, Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1964, Final Report of the committee on industrial planning and licensing commission, New Delhi, 1967, Report on industries and allied sectors in tribal areas, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, 1978 and Bhatt, A., Caste, Class and Politics, Manohar Book Service, Delhi, 1975. 25. National Policy on Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of
India, New Delhi, 1968.
26. Report of the Education Commission, Education and National Development, Govt.
of India, New Delhi, 1964-1966.
27. National Policy on Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of
India, New Delhi, 1986.
28. Ibid.
29. Arulandram, H.G.S., Summester Development Education Programme, Vol. XXI,
No. 25, University News, 1993.
30. Beteille, A., ‘The Definition of Tribe’, Seminar (14), in Romesh Thapar(ed.) Tribe,
Caste and Religion in India, The MacMillan Company of India Ltd, Delhi, 1977.
31. National Policy on Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of
India, New Delhi, 1992.
32. Mallick, Saubhagya K., Management of School Education Under Panchyati Raj
Bodies, Employment News, Vol. XXIII, No. 17, 1989.
33. Gore, M.S., Some Socio-Political Aspects of Development in India, Indian Journal of
Social Work, Vol. 39, No.4, 1979.
34. Naik, J.P., Education of the Scheduled Tribes, Indian Council of Social Science
Research, New Delhi, 1966.
145
35. India, Rajya Sabha, Department Related Parliament Standing Committee on Human
Resources Development, 191st Report on Implementation of Sarva Siksha Abhiyan,
and Mid- Day- Meal, Rajya Sabha Secretariat, 2007, p. iii.
36. Ibid.
37. Report of the Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes,
West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat, 1972-1974, p.1.
38. Ibid. 39. Ibid, pp. 1-2. 40. Mahapatra, L.K., Barriers to Development in Isolated Tribal Areas: Case Studies of
most Backward Gram Panchayats in Orissa, Manav,Vol. I, No. 11-15, 1982-83.
41. Duary, Nabakumar, Ibid, pp. 110-111.
42. Elwin, Verrier, The Democracy of NEFA, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1963, p. 84. 43. Duary, Nabakumar, Ibid, p. 111.
44. Ibid, p. 112. 45. Ibid, p.113. 46. Kundu, Manmatha, Tribal Education: New Perspectives, Gyan Publishing House,
New Delhi, 1994, p. 9.
47. Duary, Nabakumar, Ibid, p. 115.
48. Ibid.
49. Naik, T. B., Impact of Education on Bhils: Cultural Change in the Tribal Life of
Madhya Pradesh, Research Programme Committee, Planning Commission, New
Delhi, 1969.
50. Duary, Nabakumar, Ibid, p. 116.
51. Ibid, p. 117. 52. Ibid, p. 118. 53. Ibid.
146
Chapter 5
1. Shankar, R., Geetha, Jaisee, Health and Nutritional Status of Tribes in India, (ed.),
S.N. Chaudhary, Tribal Health and Nutrition, Rawat Publications, New Delhi,
2012.
2. Debnath, D., Tribal Health and Nutrition: Socio- ecological Issues and Ways
Ahead in Contemporary Participatory Process of Natural Resource management,
(ed.), S.N. Chaudhary, Tribal Health and Nutrition, Rawat Publications, New
Delhi, 2012, pp. 214-215.
3. Chowdhuri, M.K., De, S., & Debnath,A., Impact of Prevalent Diseases Among the
Tribals of Tribal Concentrated Areas of West Bengal, (ed.), Buddhadeb Chaudhuri,
Tribal Health: Socio- Cultural Dimensions, 1986, pp. 123 – 124.
4. Balgir,
5. Chowdhuri, M.K., De, S., & Debnath,A., Ibid, p. 124.
6. Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb, Tribal Health, Traditional Wisdom and Knowledge:
Challenges and Opportunities, (ed.), Tribal Health and Nutrition, Rawat
Publications, New Delhi, 2012, p. 16.
7. Basu, S.K., Health and Culture among the Underprivileged Groups in India in
Alok Mukhopadhyay (ed.), State of India’s Health, Voluntary Health Association
of India, 1992, pp. 175-186.
8. Basu, S.K., Jindal, A., Kshatriya, G.K., The Determinants of Health Seeking
Behaviour among Tribal Populations of Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh. South
Asian Anthropologist, 1990, pp. 1-6.
9. Jaggi, O.P., Folk Medicine, Vol. III, Delhi, 1973.
10. Narayan, S., ‘Health, Forestry and Development’ in B. Chaudhuri, Tribal Health: Socio- Cultural Dimensions, Inter-India Publications, New Delhi, 1986, pp. 325- 326.
171
11. Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb, Ibid, 2012, p. 22.
12. Lewis, Oscar, Village Life in Northern India, New York, Random House, 1958.
13. Debnath, D., Tribal Health and Nutrition: Socio- ecological Issues and Ways
Ahead in Contemporary Participatory Process of Natural Resource Management,
S.N. Chaudhary (ed.), Tribal Health and Nutrition, Rawat Publication, New Delhi,
2012, pp. 214-215.
14. Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb, Ibid, 2012.
15. Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb, Tribal Health: Socio- Cultural Dimensions, Inter India
Publications, Nw Delhi, 1986.
16. Roy Burman, B. K., Report of the Committee on Forest and Tribals, New Delhi,
Government of India, 1982.
17. Chaudhuri, Buddhadeb, Ibid, 2012, p. 23.
18. Shrivastava, V.K., Status of Tribal Health and Nutrition, S.N. Chaudhary (ed.),
Tribal Health and Nutrition, Rawat Publication, New Delhi, 2012, pp. 105-106.
19. Ibid, p. 28.
20. Ibid, p. 29.
21. Ibid, p. 30.
22. Reddy, B. Sanjeev, ‘An Approach to the Integration of Traditional Medicine and
Modern Medicine: A Hypothetical Model’ in Buddhadeb Chaaudhuri, Tribal
Health: Socio- Cultural Dimensions, Inter India Publications, Nw Delhi, 1986, p.
15.
23. Ibid, p. 23.
24. Ibid, p.24.
25. Ministry of Rural Development, New Delhi, Government of India.
26. Ibid. 27. Ibid.
172
28. Ibid. 29. Ibid. 30. National Rural Drinking Water Programme, Department of Drinking Water
Supply, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of
India, 2005.
34. Rastriya Sasths Bima Yojana, New Delhi, Government of India.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ministry of Women and Child Development, New Delhi, Government of India.
38. Ibid.
39. Shrivastava, V.K., Ibid, pp. 113-114.
40. Debnath, D., Ibid, pp. 215.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid, p. 216.
44. Shankar, R., Geetha, Jaisee, Ibid, p. 55.
45. Ibid.
46. Shankar, R., Geetha, Jaisee, Ibid, p. 58.
47. Ibid, pp. 58-59.
173
Chapter 6
1. International Labour Organisation (ILO), “Social Protection Matters” in the Social
Protection Newsletter, No-4, June, Geneva, 2004.
2. UNICEF. Integrated Social Protection Systems. Enhancing Equity for Children.
UNICEF Social Protection Strategic Framework (New work), 2012.
3. Devereux, S. & Sabates- Wheeler, R, Editorial Introduction: Debating Social
Protection, IDS, Bulletin, 38 (3), 2007, pp. 1-7.
4. Garcia, A.; Bonilla, Gruat J. “Social Protection”, Geneva, ILO,2003.
5. Basu, D.D., Introduction to the Constitution of India, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited, New Delhi, 1985, p. 364.
6. Ibid, p.357.
7. Singh, Shyama Nand, Reservation Policy for Backward Classes, Rawat Publications,
Jaipur, New Delhi, 1996, pp. 14-15.
8. Behra, N.K. & Panigrahi, Nilakantha, Tribals and the Indian Constitution, Rawat
Publications, New Delhi, 2006, p. 57.
9. National Commissions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Government of
India, 2016, pp. 343-44.
10. Srivastava, R.S, A Social Protection Floor for India, International Labour
Organisation, New Delhi, 2013.
11. National Commissions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. The Constitution of India, Government of India, New Delhi, 1st June, 1996, p. 8.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid, 14.
195
17. Bose, N. K., Anthropology and Some Indian Problems, Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology, Calcutta, 1972, p. 78.
18. Ibid, p.85.
19. Ibid, p. 6.
20. Ibid, p.9.
21. Upadhyay, H. C., Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes in India: A Socio-
Economic Profile, (ed.), H. C. Upadhyay, Constitutional Safeguards for Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes of India, Anmol Publications, New Delhi, 1991, p. 105.
22. Bose, N. K., Anthropology and Some Indian Problems, Ibid, p. 110.
23. Ibid, p. 110.
24. Ibid, p. 41.
25. Upadhyay, H. C., Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes in India: A Socio-
Economic Profile, Ibid, p.60.
26. Bose, N. K., Anthropology and Some Indian Problems, Ibid, p. 104.
27. Ibid, p. 68.
28. Report of the Commission for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, Government of India, 1981, p. 227.
29. Singh, Shyama Nand, Ibid, pp. 15-16.
30. Upadhyay, H. C., Ibid, p.60.
31. Ibid, p. 105.
32. Behra, N.K. & Panigrahi, Nilakantha, Ibid, p. 70.
33. Ibid, pp. 105-106.
34. Ibid.
35. Behra, N.K. & Panigrahi, Nilakantha, Ibid, pp. 72-73.
36. Ibid, p. 73.
196
37. Bose, N. K., Ibid, p. 95.
38. Singh, Shyama Nand, Ibid, p. 149.
39. Ibid, p. 148.
40. Ibid, p. 151.
41. Ibid, p. 152.
42. Upadhyay, H. C., Ibid, pp. 58-59.
43. Ibid, p. 60.
44. Ibid, p. 69.
45. Ibid, pp. 69-70.
46. Atrocities on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Thirty –First Report, Ministry of Home Affairs, Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, 1979, p. 1.
47. Report of the Working Group on Tribal Development during Seventh Plan (1985-
90), Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi, 1984.
48. Scheduled Castes & Schedules Tribes (Reservation of Vacancies in Services &
Rules) Act, BCW Department, Government of West Bengal, 1976.
49. Ibid.
50. The Statement of the Object and reasons for SC/ ST/ (POA) Act, 1989.
51. Atrocities on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, pp. 15-16.
52. Ibid, pp. 16-17.
53. Report of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,
1989, Government of India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, New Delhi,
2006.
54. Ministry of Rural Areas and Employment, Government of India, New Delhi,1995.
55. Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, New Delhi, 2002.
197
56. Report of the Backward Class Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal,
2002.
57. Ibid, 2013.
58.Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.
198