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I. Část 39 Ii. Část 141 A. Vrchol a Úpadek – Od Vzniku Nejvyššího Soudu Do Konce Občanské Války

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I. Část 39 Ii. Část 141 A. Vrchol a Úpadek – Od Vzniku Nejvyššího Soudu Do Konce Občanské Války Předmluva I 7 Předmluva II 16 Prolog 27 Úvodem 30 Vymezení tématu 33 I. ČÁST 39 Základy amerického soudcovského práva (case law) na pozadí anglického common law 41 Vznik judicial review 47 Ústavní systém, Ústava a její dodatky 54 Prameny práva Spojených států a specifika americké právnické profese 64 Nejvyšší soud Spojených států a jeho soudci 68 Řízení před Nejvyšším soudem Spojených států 87 Sídlo Nejvyššího soudu 117 Výklad práva a historický vývoj americké jurisprudence 125 Způsob a metody interpretace amerického práva 134 II. ČÁST 141 Soud, soudci a kauzy 143 A. VRCHOL A ÚPADEK – OD VZNIKU NEJVYŠŠÍHO SOUDU DO KONCE OBČANSKÉ VÁLKY 147 The Jay Court, 1789–1795 147 The Rutledge Court, 1795 155 The Ellsworth Court, 1796–1800 157 The Marshall Court, 1801–1835 161 Marbury v. Madison a Chaseho impeachment 172 McCulloch v. Maryland, Dartmouth College a další případy 181 Prezident Jackson a jeho odkaz 192 The Taney Court, 1836–1864 195 Charles Riverbridge a další případy 204 Otrokářství a cesta ke kauze Dredda Scotta 207 Občanská válka a Nejvyšší soud 216 B. ZLATÝ VĚK KLASICKÉHO LIBERALISMU – OD REKONSTRUKCE JIHU PO KRIZI TŘICÁTÝCH LET DVACÁTÉHO STOLETÍ 224 The Chase Court, 1864–1873 224 Doba po skončení občanské války a impeachment prezidenta Johnsona 235 Pře o legální platidlo, druhý cyklus oprav Ústavy a jateční soudní spory 243 The Waite Court, 1874–1888 249 Restriktivní interpretace čtrnáctého dodatku 257 Nejvyšší soud omezuje výklad zákonů o občanských právech 258 The Fuller Court, 1888–1910 265 Ústavnost daně z příjmů (kauza Pollock), věc Plessy v. Ferguson a další kauzy 285 Trusty a Shermanův zákon 293 Případ Lochner v. New York a jeho důsledky 297 The White Court, 1910–1921 302 Nejvyšší soud reguluje petrolejového krále 311 Prezident Wilson a Nejvyšší soud za první světové války 313 The Taft Court, 1921–1930 320 Bailey v. Drexel Furniture, Adkins v. Childrenʼs Hospital, Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sisters a další 325 Kauza Gitlow otevírá cestu k inkorporaci Listiny práv 329 The Hughes Court, 1930–1941 335 Souboj prezidenta Roosevelta s Nejvyšším soudem a ústavní revoluce z roku 1937 353 Scottsborské případy a kauzy Tompkins, Gobitis a další 365 C. PŘECHOD K OCHRANĚ LIDSKÝCH PRÁV A SVOBOD – SOUDNÍ AKTIVISMUS A JEHO OMEZOVÁNÍ 373 The Stone Court, 1941–1946 373 Případy Smith v. Allwright, Skinner, Wickard v. Fillburn a Barnette 408 Válečné pravomoce vlády a případy internace osob japonského původu 414 The Vinson Court, 1946–1953 417 Adamson, Everson, Pennekamp v. Florida a další případy 422 Vinsonův soud a rasová segregace 426 Kauzy Dennis a Douds – Nejvyšší soud schvaluje opatření proti komunistům 27 Steel Case 432 The Warren Court, 1953–1969 435 Hovoří reverend King 461 Brown v. Board of Education a související případy 463 Názory raného Warrenova soudu v různých kauzách 470 Warrenův soud a volby (zejména pravidlo „jedna osoba, jeden hlas“) 476 Některé sporné závěry týkající se prvního dodatku 480 Podstata trestněprávní revoluce – kauzy Gideon, Miranda a Escobedo a další 483 New York Times v. Sullivan, Griswold v. Connecticut a další případy 491 The Burger Court, 1969–1986 499 „Busing“ a další kauzy 519 Otázka náboženství, „Lemon test“ a výklad prvního dodatku k Ústavě 524 Pentagon Papers 527 Problematika trestního práva a porotního soudnictví 529 Ústavnost klasifikací založených na pohlaví, problematika manželství a rodičovství 534 Burgerův soud a trest smrti 537 Volební právo, „obscenity cases“, komerční projev a difamace 540 Případ Roe v. Wade 545 Spojené státy versus Nixon, exekutivní privilegium a imunita, Buckley v. Valeo 549 Affirmative Action 555 Věc Chevron, práva studentů a další kauzy 559 Vertikální a horizontální dělba moci (případ Chadha) 562 Různé trestní kauzy a případ Bowers v. Hardwick 565 The Rehnquist Court, 1986–2005 568 Konfuzní judikatura ve věcech tzv. pozitivní diskriminace 612 Obscénní materiály, policejní kontroly, rodičovská práva a jiné případy 624 Úcta k vlajce, financování politických stran, dělba moci a nezávislost justice 627 Rehnquistův soud a trestní právo 634 Boj proti interrupcím 644 Volební kauzy a případ Bush v. Gore 649 Práva homosexuálů (Lawrence v. Texas překonává kauzu Bowers v. Hardwick) a jiné kauzy 656 Line-item veto a impeachment prezidenta Clintona 662 Oblast suverenity států, regulace televize, majetková práva 665 Torts před Rehnquistovým soudem 672 První dodatek a náboženství 676 Kauzy po 11. září 2001 682 D. NEJVYŠŠÍ SOUD V JEDNADVACÁTÉM STOLETÍ 686 The Roberts Court, 2005–? 686 Charakteristika prvních let Robertsova soudu 696 Poslední vývoj – nominace a konfirmace Neila Gorsucha a Bretta Kavanaugha 701 Závěr 707 Příloha (tabulka – Soudci Nejvyššího soudu Spojených států) 708 Seznam použité a doporučené literatury 716 O autorovi 727.
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