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Hot, Hotter, Bombfire The new Nexera Mikros Pop the corks:

Pungency of Currywurst New micro-flow LC-MS solution – 50 th anniversary of Shimadzu high sensitivity, durability and ease- in Europe of-use CONTENT

APPLICATION How X-ray fluorescence can support consumer prices stability – How X-ray fluorescence All-in-one analysis with EDX-8000P 2 Into the microwave! – Analysis of fatty acids in foods 4 can support consumer New solutions for treating plastic waste – FTIR analysis of biodegrad - able polymers from everyday life 6 Hot, Hotter, Bombfire – prices stability Pungency of Currywurst 10 Olive oil is top source of vitamin E – A quantitative Aluminum fluoride all-in-one analysis with EDX-8000P fluorescence analysis of tocopherols 12 Flavors in beer determined by Headspace-GC – GC-20 10 Plus in the Quality Control procedure of a large Greek brewery 14

PRODUCTS New micro-flow LC-MS solution – Nexera Mikros provides high sensi- tivity, durability and ease-of-use 9

LATEST NEWS Troubleshooting via YouTube – Video tutorials using the new GC generation Nexis GC-2030 as an example 18 Pop the corks: 50 th anniversary of Shimadzu in Europe – Time to celebrate 20

READ FOR YOU Guardian in the chemical park – TOC process measurement at Leuna Chemical Park, Germany 16 Less than a teaspoon of blood can predict Alzheimer ’s Figure 1: Aluminum cookware: the easiest way to cook and transport various disease risk 19 food dishes

owadays, aluminum as a cess of electrolysis requires a ined in order to prevent main chemical element plays an huge amount of electricity. Some product contamination (metallic N important role in every - industrial processes using alu - aluminum). day life. Due to its low weight minum fluoride AlF 3 (approxi - and good thermal conduction, mately 5 - 15 %) and other addi - AlF 3 quality analysis: aluminum and its alloys are the tives have been developed to a constant challenge for MARKETS basis for modern aviation indus - decrease the melting point to 930 laboratories try, aerospace engineering, pro - - 950 °C and to increase conduc - Chemical, Petrochemical, Biofuel and Energy duction of automobiles, rolling tivity of the electrolyte solution. According to the Russian GOST stock for high speed trains, sea This reduces energy consump - regulation (national standard of Clinical and river vessel s... tion and greatly decreases the the Russian Federation and CIS cost of the aluminum. countries), standard chemical Environment Moreover, this element is ex - analysis of aluminum fluoride tremely popular in the produc - Before being used as an additive, includes many time-consuming Food, Beverages, Agriculture tion of cookware or foils used aluminum fluoride has to be ana - sample preparation steps includ - for packaging in the food indus - lyzed in order to check the con - ing fusion and dissolution. In Pharmaceutical try. tent of the main component. At addition, different analysis meth - the same time, the main impurity ods are used for each compound: Plastics and Rubber Aluminum is produced by elec - (aluminum oxide) as well as titration for quantitative analysis trolysis of alumina dissolved in harmful elements such as silicon, of AlF 3, free aluminum oxide Automotive a molten cryolite bath. The pro - phosphorus and iron are exam - (Al 2O3) determination by trilo-

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

nometric measurement of alu - Concentration, wt. % minum, and photometric analysis Russian Standard Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 of silicon, phosphorus and iron GOST 19181-78 Chem. EDX Chem. EDX Chem. EDX Chem. EDX oxides (SiO 2, Fe 2O3 and P 2O5). AIF 3 > 93 94.5 94.9 95.8 95.2 96.1 96.0 96.0 95.9 So, complete analysis of one sam - AI 2O3 > 4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 ple (including sample preparation) takes more than twelve hours and Table 1: Comparison of results of main component and Al 203 in AlF 3 analysis by chemical methods (Chem.) and EDX-8000P requires many chemical reagents and devices. Concentration, wt. % Russian Standard Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Use of the EDX-8000P Energy GOST 19181-78 Chem. EDX Chem. EDX Chem. EDX Chem. EDX Dispersive X-ray fluorescence SiO 2 > 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.12 spectrometer appears to offer a P2O5 > 0.05 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.024 0.03 0.027 0.018 0.021 valuable alternative way to simpli - Fe 2O5 > 0.08 < 0.02 0.015 < 0.02 0.015 < 0.02 0.01 0.030 0.027 fy and dramatically decrease ana - lysis time. This spectrometer is in Table 2: Comparison of results for SiO 2, P 2O5 and Fe 2O3 analysis by chemical methods (Chem.) and EDX-8000P fact able to analyze all elements from carbon up to uranium in a cluded in the standard spectrome - (titration and photometry) analy - Total analysis time of all elements simultaneous measurement. More - ter software (PCEDX). Neverthe - sis obtained for fluorine and alu - including sample preparation was over, target concentration ranges less, a single standard sample was minum are given in table 1. only approximately thirty minu - are compatible with the EDX used to perform methods calibra - tes. spectrometer sensitivity. The tion in order to improve accuracy The other contaminants (silicon, EDX-8000P is BfS (safety stan - of results. Aluminum fluoride phosphorus and iron oxides) were Conclusion dards of the German Federal content was calculated on the analyzed using calibration curve Institute for Radiation Safety) basis of fluorine element concen - method with corresponding ele - All EDX results shown in tables 1 type approval certified. tration. Aluminum oxide Al 2O3 ment specific K␣ lines. Calibra- and 2 showed excellent correlation concentration was then evaluated tion curves for each oxide are with official regulation analysis New fast and easy X-ray by the aluminum peak after alu - shown in figure 3. The results of methods results. This demon - fluorescence method for minum fluoride subtraction. X-ray and chemical analyses are strates that the EDX-8000P analy - AlF 3 analysis Results of X-ray and chemical given in table 2. sis procedure is a valuable alterna - tive to traditional time-consuming Samples of AlF 3 were prepared methods. By decreasing analysis for analysis by grinding in the time and chemical product con - mixer mill and pressing in the pel - sumption, this new strategy can let press. The same sample prepa - contribute to reduced aluminum ration is used for single AlF 3 stan - material prices and in the end to dard sample with a known content price stability of consumer prices of the main component and for food packaging, convenience Al 2O3. Calibration samples for foods and freshly prepared meals analysis of SiO 2, P 2O5 and Fe 2O3 on wheels. were prepared by adding known amounts of element oxides to Acknowledgements AlF 3 standard sample and subse - quent mixing, grinding and press - We gratefully acknowledge the ing. valuable advice and assistance in EDX analysis of our colleagues A routine measurement procedure from the accredited Analit Com - of unknown sample by Funda men - pany (St. Petersburg, Russia) labo - tal Parameters (FP) method is in - Figure 2: Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer EDX-8000P ratory.

9.0 8.0 0.14 8.0 Si K ␣ ␣ 7.0 0.12 P K ␣ 7.0 Fe K 6.0 0.10 6.0 5.0 5.0 0.08 4.0 4.0 0.06 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.03 2.0 1.0 0.02 1.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020

Figure 3: Calibration curves obtained for each targeted contaminant

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 3 APPLICATION Into the microwave! Analysis of fatty acids in foods

ous digestion and extraction of the ed extraction (cold). These steps lipids. The microwave used for are carried out with fresh solvent this was a Discover SP-D ® instru - after digestion. As a compromise ment manufactured by the between complete recovery and German-based CEM company. required analysis time and con - sumption of chemicals, three Total fat contents of the reference extraction steps were carried out materials investigated – milk pow - for each analysis. der and chocolate – were recov - ered completely. All non-certified ISO vs. microwave samples also gave very good recov - ery rates of > 90 wt.-% total fat In the long term, the microwave with standard deviations between method of determining total fat 0.6 and 3.7 wt.-%. This clearly presents an attractive alternative demonstrates that successful because it offers considerable sav - determination of the total fat in ings in resources. Experiments real samples using the microwave showed that a single determination method is matrix-dependent. of total fat using the micro wave method takes 1.5 h, whereas the In particular, the homogeneity of ISO method takes up to 9.5 h. The the sample influences the com - microwave method thus of fers a pleteness of the extraction. This time saving of 8hwhile also requir - he EU regulation on the methyl esters (FAMEs) according especially affects foods such as ing less instrumentation. Further - provision of food informa - to ISO 1296 6-2:20 11, and their potato chips and infant formula more, it requires much smaller T tion to consumers (No. GC analysis according to ISO powder due to their inhomogene - quantities of chemicals, particular - 1169/20 11) [1] requires all food 1296 6- 4:20 15 [3]. The ISO stan - ity or to the complexity of their ly organic solvents (figure 3). manufacturers to label their prod - dards form the basis of a new composition. The recovery rate of ucts with information on the con - method recently developed at the these samples can be increased by The actual analysis of fatty acids tent of saturated and unsaturated University of Applied Sciences approx. 15 % by means of repeat - is carried out using gas chroma - fatty acids. The new regulation in Krefeld, Germany that uses aims to provide more transparen - microwave-assisted extraction and 120.0 ] 100.4 % 94.3 99.7 97.5 - 100.0 92.5 cy to consumers so that they have analysis of saturated and unsatu - . 90.7 t w

[ 80.0 a sound basis for making a deci - rated fatty acids. This method has e t sion on whether or not to buy a already been presented in the a r 60.0

y product. journal Chromatography Today r e 40.0 v o 5-6/ 16. c 20.0 e R Analysis of fatty acids is based on 0.0 determination of the total fat con - Whereas the ISO method deter - Whole milk Fish Formula Milk powder Chocolate Potato chips tent using the Weibull-Stoldt mines total fat by means of diges - 3.5 % 19.1 % 24.2 % 26.67 % 32.2 % 33.8 % method (ISO 8262-1 [2]), fol - tion in hydrochloric acid followed lowed by derivatization of the by Soxhlet extraction, the micro - Figure 1: Recovery rates of the total fat contents of all food samples investigated; the milk fatty acids to volatile fatty acid wave method involves simultane - powder and chocolate are certified reference materials. For the other samples, a reference value was determined with the ISO method. Injector SPL (Split) Injection volume 1 µL 120.0 140 ]

% 110.0 120 -

Injector temperature 250 °C . t ] g w 100.0 100 Split ratio 1: 100 [

m [ e

t

90.0 80 ) a Column type FAME WAX s r t

a

y 80.0 60 f r (

Column length 30 m e v

70.0 40 m o

Inner diameter 0.25 mm c e 60.0 20 R Film thickness 0.25 µm 50.0 0 Detector FID 0123456 Detector temperature 250 °C Number of extractions Mobile phase Helium Figure 2: Plot of the fat extracted per extraction and increasing recovery rates (RR) Carrier gas flow 35 cm/s for the extraction of a salmon sample using the microwave method Table 1: Parameters for GC analysis of the FAMEs using a GC-20 10 Plus instrument

4 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

600 1,200 uV

10 ] 450,000 L

500 m 1,000 [ 400,000

100 180 n 350,000 o i t ] 400 800

p 300,000 n i m

m 300 250,000 u [ s 300 600 e n 200,000 o m c i

T 200 l 400 150,000 a c

i 100,000

10 m 100 e 200 50,000 375 20 h 600 3.5 C 0 0 54 0 20 7.5 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 ISO Microwave ISO Microwave Minutes

Figure 3: Required time and consumption of chemicals for a single total fat determination Figure 4: Chromatogram of the FAMEs from infant formula powder using the using the microwave and ISO methods microwave method

1 120.0 0.12 wt.-% for saturated fatty Hochschule Niederrhein ]

% acids and 58.4 ± 0.12 wt.-% for Frankenring 20, D-47798 Krefeld

- 100.0 . t Germany w unsaturated. Figure 5 compares

[ 80.0

e 58.6% 2

t 58.4% 72.3% 69.9% the percentage mass fractions of CEM GmbH a 60.0 r 90.9% 91.3% y three samples obtained using the Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Strasse 9 r 40.0 e

v D-47475 Kamp-Lintfort

o ISO and the microwave methods.

c 20.0 41.4% 41.6% e 27.7% 30.1%

R Germany 0.0 9.1% 8.7% 3 Potato chips Potato chips Formula Formula Salmon Salmon This shows that the mass fractions Shimadzu Europa GmbH ISO Micro ISO Micro ISO Micro of saturated and unsaturated fatty Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10 acids obtained with the two meth - D-47269 Duisburg Figure 5: Fractions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in potato chips, infant formula ods are in agreement, and the Germany powder and salmon determined with the microwave and ISO methods microwave method is thus qualita - tively equivalent to the ISO Literature method. This also applies to the [1] The European Parliament and Council of tography. With respect to required applied was able to separate all sample of potato chips, which the European Union, “Regulation No. time and consumption of chemi - FAMEs present, except for the contained an enormously high 116 9/ 20 11 of the European Parliament cals, the new microwave derivati - cis/trans isomers of oleic acid fraction of unsaturated fatty acids. and of the Council,” No. 1169. pp. 18-63, zation is very similar to the gener - (C 18:1). Figure 4 shows the chro - 20 11. al methods described in ISO matogram of the FAMEs present Some samples, e.g. salmon, gave [2] Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., 1296 6- 4. An alkali- and an acid- in a sample of infant formula slight deviations in the ratio of “Bestimmung des Gesamtfettgehalts in catalyzed derivatization step are powder. saturated to unsaturated fatty Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnissen- each carried out to convert both acids. A closer look at the chro - Gravimetrisches Verfahren nach Weibull- bound and free fatty acids to The peak areas have a linear rela - matograms of the salmon sample Stoldt” (Determination of the total fat FAMEs. Parameters used for GC tionship with the mass fractions reveals slight differences for both content in meat and meat products – analysis of the FAMEs with a so that summation over the peak methods. For example, fatty acids Gravimetric determination using the GC-20 10 Plus from Shimadzu are areas enables determination of the C21 :0 and C22: 6 were not found Weibull-Stoldt method). Beuth Verlag summarised in table 1. percentage fractions of the satu - using the microwave method, in Berlin, 20 14. rated and unsaturated fatty acids. contrast to the ISO method. Fur - [3] Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., The 37-component FAME mix The microwave method for the ther investigations are necessary in “Animal and vegetable fats and oils – from Supelco company was used infant formula powder (chroma - this context. Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl for identification. The GC method togram) gives a fraction of 41.6 ± esters – Part 4: Determination by capil - Conclusion lary gas chromatography (ISO 1296 6- 4: 20 15) ”. Beuth Verlag Berlin, 20 15. uV GC-FID is a simple way of deter - 250,000 ISO 200,000 mining saturated and unsaturated 150,000 fatty acids in foods. For sample 100,000 50,000 preparation, the microwave 0 method of extracting fatty acids in 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 foods can be used as the basis for Min. uV analyzing a wide range of food 250,000 Micro samples. Compared to conven - 200,000 tional ISO methods, it saves 150,000 100,000 resources with respect to both 50,000 chemicals and time and also gives 0 comparable results. 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 Min. Authors Figure 6: Top chromatogram: Analysis of salmon using the ISO method. Bottom chromato - Aurelia Bertini, Jürgen Schram 1 gram: Analysis of salmon using the microwave method. Frank Scholten, Ulf Sengutta 2 Franz Kramp, Uwe Oppermann 3

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 5 APPLICATION

New solutions for treating plastic waste FTIR analysis of biodegradable polymers from everyday life

very year, an estimated 140 fills. From there, it makes its way bird (700 g) stomach was found; microplastics in the environment. million tonnes of plastic are into the environment as micro - compared to a human with 70 kg, For many years, research has ad - E produced from fossil fuels plastic [2]. The microplastic then this is equivalent of the capacity dressed the situation. The solution [1]. Much of this is intended for becomes part of the food chain, of a lunch box filled with plastic to the problem is called biodegrad - the production of consumer goods and returns sooner or later to the [3]. This illustrates the problem of able plastics. such as food packaging or dispos - consumer. able tableware. But what happens to plastic after it has been dis - In 20 14 on the Dutch island of posed of? Texel, the stomach contents of fulmars were tested for polymers, Recycling large proportions of the a scientific project driven by plastic requires much effort. After Dr. J. A. van Franeker, Wagenin - a few cycles, however, it becomes gen University & Research. On plastic waste and ends up in land - average, about 0.3 g of plastic per Figure 1: Chemical Structure of Polylactic Acid (PLA)

6 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

Biodegradable plastics in food packaging

Analysis of food packaging reveals traces of biodegradable plastics. So far, about 200 plastic packaging of foodstuffs have been analyzed for their main components using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This was done with the IR-Tracer 100 FTIR spectrophotometer in com - bination with an ATR (attenuated total reflection) diamond reflec - tion unit. Five of the samples test - ed are labelled as “biodegradable”, more specifically: two teabags, one garbage bag, disposable cut - lery and the lid of a disposable coffee cup (figure 2). The samples were from England, Germany and the Netherlands.

Figure 3 shows that the ATR spectrum of the disposable spoon has similarities to the spectrum of modified polylactic acid (PLA). The additional peaks at 1,0 10 cm -1 and 667 cm -1 are due to th e stretch - ing and deformation vibrations of the Si-O bond, suggesting the presence of talc as a filler [4].

Which polymers are in disposable dishes?

PLA is a polymer consisting of Figure 2: Analyzed samples consisting of biodegradable polymers (declaration on the products) lactic acid monomers that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. gy are other possible fields of ap - 1 Biodegradation is carried out by plication for PLA. Medical tech - microorganisms, or rather through nology benefits above all from the Abs their excreted enzymes (esterases, degradation properties of PLA. proteases, lipases). In the simulat - Implants made of PLA (e.g. 0 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500 ed composting of a PLA bottle, it screws) can be designed so that Spoon, colored, white, one way spoon (biodore) cm -1 was found that it took about six they are absorbed by the body 1 weeks until over 80 % of the bot - over a defined period of time. Abs tle was broken down into CO 2 Other applications in the medical and water [1]. PLA is therefore a field include sutures and micros - 0 desirable alternative to plastics pheres for the release of active 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500 such as PP, PE or PS. ingredients [5]. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), ca. 48 wt. % oxylactoyl units cm -1 1 A big disadvantage of PLA, how - ever, is its high brittleness. The Biodegradable polymers Abs disposable spoon, for example, is in a tea bag 0 very rigid and breaks easily, 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 strongly limiting applications of Analysis of the biodegradable tea Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), ca. 48 wt. % oxylactoyl units cm -1 the biological plastic as a packag - bags showed that both are also 1 ing material. To circumvent this made of PLA. This polymer re - Abs difficulty, attempts have been places the commonly used PET made to add low-molecular plasti - (polyethylene terephthalate). Ear - 0 cizers to PLA [1]. Other disad - lier research has shown that PET 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 vantages are the low heat resist - teabags contain about 200 ppm of TALC(Polyethylene, Chlorosulfonated) DuraSamp l IR-II cm -1 ance and higher production costs. antimony, leading to significant contamination of the tea during Figure 3: IR spectrum of plastic spoon (a), IR database spectrum of modified PLA (b), In addition to packaging materials, the brewing process [6]. Due to differential spectrum of a and b (c), IR database spectrum of talc (d) 3D printing and medical technolo - the harmful properties of ‘

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 7 APPLICATION

variety of applications but has not Advances in Biodegradation Studies, [cps/uA] yet prevailed over conventional POLYMER INTERNATIONA L, 1998, 1.00 plastics in the food packaging sec - VOL. 47, NO. 2. tor. In addition to cost reasons, 0.75 this is mainly due to inadequate [3] Van Franeker, J . A., material properties. ATR analysis Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring in the 0.50 of the samples presented shows Netherlands – Update 20 14. IMARE S that FTIR spectroscopy is a suit - Report C 123/ 15. IMARE S, Texel. 55 pp., 0.25 able method to identify biode - 2015. gradable polymers and their addi - 0.00 tives non-destructively in a mini - [4] Farmer V. C., 10.00 20.00 30.00 mal amount of time. Additionally, The infrared spectra of talc, saponite [keV] with the EDX technique, it is pos - and hectorite, The Macaulay Institute Figure 4: EDX spectrum of a PLA teabag (excitation energy 50 kV). Neither antimony nor sible to easily determine the ele - for Soil Research, Aberdeen, Scotland, other harmful heavy metals have been detected. mental composition of the poly - 1958. mer and to assess the safety of the product. [5] Ruffieux K., Wintermantel E., antimony, the use of PET in tea - bage bag, connects the PBT chains Resorbierbare Implantate. bags may present a health risk. [7]. At the same time, it offers a In: Medizintechnik Life Science Enginee - EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray point of attack for breaking down Literature ring, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. fluorescence) analysis of the PLA of the chains by chemical or bio - [1] Madhavan Nampoothiri K., Rajendran tea bags shows that neither anti - logical hydrolysis. Unlike PLA Nair N., Pappy John R., [6] Egelkraut-Holtus M., Knoop J., Ortlieb M., mony nor other harmful heavy which can be broken down micro - An overview of the recent developments Antimony in Breakfast Tea? metals are detectable here. This bially to water and CO 2, the in polylactide (PLA ) research, NIIS T, Consequences Going Hand in Hand with makes PLA more environmentally decomposition here is really a India, 20 10. Today’s Materials, G.I.T. Laboratory friendly, and also safer as a mate - reduction of chain length. Journal 1-2/20 15, 2 6-2 7. rial for tea bags. [2] Amass W., Amass A., Tighe B., Summary A Review of Biodegradable Polymers: [7] www.chemie.de/lexikon/Glykogen.html PBT in garbage bags Uses, Current Developments in the PLA bioplastic is a popular alter - Synthesis and Characterization of Finally, the “biodegradable” gar - native to fossil-based polymers. Biodegradable Polyesters, Blends of bage bag should be mentioned. It is already being used in a wide Biodegradable Polymers and Recent FTIR analysis confirms that this is not PLA but polybutylene tereph - Abs thalate (PBT). There is also evi - 0.200 dence of glycogen in the IR spec - 0.175 trum, a widely branched polysac - PLA 0.150 charide that acts as a storage medium in the human body. It is 0.125 made up of numerous glucose 0.100 units and, in the case of the gar - 0.075

0.050

0.025

0.000 4,400 4,000 3,600 3,200 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400

Tea bag, outside, chocolate cha cm -1

Abs 0.275 0.250 0.225 PET 0.200 0.175 0.150 0.125 0.100 0.075 0.050 0.025 0.000 4,400 4,000 3,600 3,200 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400

Bag, transparent, inside, herbal tea-Kräutertee Cool Mint cm -1

Figure 5: Comparison of spectra of PLA teabag with a conventional PET teabag

8 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 PRODUCTS New micro-flow LC-MS solution Nexera Mikros provides high sensitivity, durability and ease-of-use

he Nexera Mikros is a lytical column and the mass spec - brand-new LC-MS accom - trometer, ensures high sensitivity T modating a wide range of and, at the same time, enables flowrates, from semi-micro flow- one-touch connection between the rates ( 100 to 500 µL/min) which analytical column and the ioniza - are often used for analysis in tion interface for the mass spec - existing systems, to micro flow- trometer. In addition, UF-Link is rates (1 to 10 µL/min). This sys - compatible with connections tem achieves both durability and between commonly used analyti - operability while enabling analysis cal columns and the ionization with a significant increase in sen - interface, so column selection is sitivity. flexible to suit the target sample.

Nexera Mikros complements the Higher efficiency of Nexera series, featuring Nexera investments in R & D X2, XR, MP, Nexera-i and Nexera UC systems to maximize analyti - The LC-Mikros solvent pump cal productivity. The Nexera delivers a wide flowrate range, series is a unique approach to from micro flowrates of 1 µL/min delivering high-quality, high- to semi-micro flowrates of 500 µL/ speed LC-MS analysis combining Nexera Mikros min. By enabling analysis compa - the Nexera UHPLC and any rable to existing LC-MS systems, Shimadzu single or triple quadru - Ten times more sensitivity sample introduction into the mass and high-sensitivity analysis at pole UFMS solution as a seam - spectrometer. micro flowrates, this single unit lessly integrated system. Compared to existing LC-MS improves the operational efficien - systems, Nexera Mikros provides UF-Link achieves both high- cy of the LC-MS system and With Nexera Mikros, Shimadzu at least ten times more sensitivity. sensitivity analysis and shortens research and develop - contributes to improving produc - This is achieved by the LC-Mikros, improved operability ment times. tivity at pharmaceutical companies a solvent delivery pump with a and clinical contract research new control system, reducing pul - Microscopic gaps (dead volume) organizations. The new LC-MS sation while delivering a stable in the piping connectors lead to a sets a new standard in instrument solvent flow even at low micro decrease in sensitivity by causing operability, processing speed and flowrates. In addition, positioning peak dispersion. UF-Link, a con - ease-of-use as well as sample of the ionization interface has nection mechanism between throughput. been optimized for more efficient Shimadzu’s newly developed ana -

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 9 NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NE

1/3 less large and twice as fast New Nexgen GC CAGC- 100 – Compared with conventional technology, more than 30 % smaller and up to 50 % less analysis time / compact Analyzer Gas Chromatograph “Nexgen GC” / Plate column and multi- deans switch proprietary technologies

elebrating this ry space compared to conven - year the 5 0th an- tional models, and can raise the ni versary of its chromatographic speed faster presence in Eu - than before, so it is possible to rope, Shimadzu halve the anal ysis time [1]. Fur - emphasizes its thermore, it im proves analytical Excellence in productivity through high speed CScience approach through the and space saving. release of the new next-genera - tion “Nexgen GC” multidimen - The Nexgen GC is equipped sional gas chromatograph. The with new and advanced product Nexgen GC highlights the com - features such as: pany’s position of a world leader in analytical instrumentation. 1. Built-in two plate columns It achieves miniaturization and in a compact body high-speed analysis by the pro - The newly developed plate prietary “plate column” technolo - column is a compact, high per - gy and multi-deans switch (pat - formance GC column which ented technology). It is a next forms a fine flow path by pho - generation GC making it easy to to etching [2] on a 100 mm x use multidimensional analysis 100 mm plate. This product is suitable for complex components an MDGC configuration with by installing two gas chromato - two column cartridges built in graphs in a small body. a compact body.

Improved analytical 2. High-speed and productivity high separation analysis possible The conventional multidimension - Since the column is heated al gas chromatograph (MDGC) directly by the flat plate heater uses two ovens equipped with arranged inside the cartridge, capillary columns, therefore the it can raise the temperature by system becomes large and diffi - 70 °C per minute from the low cult to install. Analysis also takes temperature range (near room 1/3 less large and twice as fast: The “Nexgen GC”Compact Analyzer Gas Chromato - time, so there may be issues in temperature) to the high tem - graph improves analytical productivity through high speed while saving space terms of suitability for processing perature range (350 °C), which in areas such as quality control. was not possible with the con - high-speed and high separation tion” which drives out not The Nexgen GC was developed ventional oven type GC [3[. analysis is possible. In addi - quantified high boiling point to solve these problems. It re- Since each of the two car - tion, analysis time can be compounds remaining after elu - quires of about 1 /3 less laborato - tridges can be heated quickly, shortened by “backflush func - tion of the target component. ‘

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LA

3. Heart cut with high high repeatability is achieved of the device at a glance and a glass or metal plate with a necessary repeatability that can perform heart cut more display the parameter setting pattern using photolithography techno - In the Shimadzu “heart cut than once. screen with one click in the logy analysis” [4] which introduces user-friendly “LabSolutions” [3] The conventional product can raise the only the target component in 4. High operability software. Remote monitoring of temperature range from 250 to 350 °C at the sample for improved sepa - A full color liquid crystal touch the device is also possible using 45 °C / min, Nexis GC-203 0. 23 0 V models ration to a second column, the panel enables easy operation. a smartphone or tablet PC. [4] Technology to introduce components company’s proprietary “multi- Various functions such as self- that cannot be separated by one column deans switch” has been adopt - diagnosis, automatic leak check into the second column by switching the ed. Hardly any pressure change of carrier gas, display of chro - [1] Analysis time that can be abbreviated switching mechanism occurs at the first dimension matogram etc. are possible with depending on the subject of analysis column outlet, variation of re - the GC body. An advanced user [2] Precision processing technology for tention time is suppressed and interface can analyse the state forming of a corrosion-resistant film on

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 ATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LAT Industr y’s fastest level scan function and LabSolutions UV-Vis control software

New UV -1900 UV -Vis Spectrophotometer – High-accuracy quantitative analysis in regulated environments / proven excellent spectroscopic capabilities from high-end models / compliant with the pharmacopeia of various countries incl. FDA 21 CFR Part 11

he new UV-1 900 UV-Vis spectropho - tometer is equipped with an ultrafast scan function that enables data acquisi - tion of 29,00 0nm/ Tmin (it takes about three seconds to measure in visible region), the fastest level in the industry. It’s outstanding features represent Shimadzu’s value proposition of “Excellence in Science ”.

The UV-1 900 features a large, easy-to-use color touch panel as well as excellent operability. All functions are directly reachable with large and easy to understand icons. In addition, UV- 1900 pat - ented LOW-RAY-LIGH ® diffrac - tion grating technology ensures low stray light with high resolu - tion and one of the largest ranges of linearity.

While UV- 1900 can be operated as a standalone instrument the new LabSolutions UV-Vis (Shimadzu’s UV-Vis control software released simultaneously) expands user pos - sibilities. This software also con - The new UV -1 900 UV -Vis spectrophotometer equipped with an ultrafast scan function that enables data acquisition at the fastest level tributes to data pas s/fail judg - in the industry. It provides high-accuracy quantitative analysis and the detection of low-concentration components ments via its spectral evaluation functions. grated data management with Background to the photometers are used mainly to other analysis instruments as Development identify and quantify substances. UV- 1900 can connect with requested by the different guide - They are applied for research and Shimadzu’s analysis data manage - lines and regulations relating to By detecting ultraviolet and visi - development and quality control ment systems (LabSolutions DB/ electronic records and electronic ble light passed through or reflect - in a wide range of fields. This type CS) in order to provide fully inte - signatures. ed by samples, UV-Vis spectro - of instrument is increasingly ‘

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NEWS *** LATEST NE

popular, and demand for UV-Vis (LabSolutions DB/CS) enables spectrophotometers continues to performance of integrated data expand, even in newly emerging management with all Shimadzu economies. Accordingly, when instruments in a laboratory, users select an instrument, they including chromatographs and focus on cost effectiveness, oper - infrared spectrophotometers in ability, compliance with various an environment compatible national regulations and en hanced with FDA 21 CFR Part 11. management functions. Features of the LabSolutions Against this background, the UV-Vis Control Software UV-1 900 was developed for deployment in an even wider The LabSolutions UV-Vis soft - range of regions, including Cen - UV -1900 easy to use interface on color touchscreen. Six measurement modes are ware is intended for frequent tral and South America. Shimadzu directly accessible: photometric values measurements, spectrum acquisition, quantifi - users of UV-Vis spectrophotome - is deploying the UV-1 900 world - cation measurements, kinetics studies, time course methods and bio methods ters in various applications. It is wide, making the most of the equipped with functions to make combination with LabSolutions short time. In addition, the operated using the stylus pen data pass/fail judgments in accor - UV-Vis, a control software ideal UV-1 900 incorporates a low provided, which can be stored dance with configured condi - for quality control and integrated stray light diffraction grating, in the unit. Target analyses can tions. Data transfer to spread - management with other models. produced in-house (LOW- be performed with ease due to sheet software and batch text Special features of the UV-1 900 RAY-LIGH). It features excel - the intuitive operation. export of multiple data sets are UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer lent spectroscopic capabilities easy, thereby improving work are: with high resolution and sensi - 3. Compatible with various efficiency. tivity. As a result, this instru - regulations and guidelines 1. High performance ment is capable of high-accu - including FDA 21 CFR Part matched to a variety racy quantitative analysis and This instrument achieves a res - of sample analyses the detection of low-concen - olution of 1 nm and can per - A newly developed ultrafast tration components. form analyses compliant with scan function enables data the pharmacopeia of various acquisition as fast as 29,000 nm/ 2. Intuitive operability countries. In addition, connec - min. By performing repeat regardless of the user tion of the standard control measurements, the process of The touch panel is deployed at software and optional sample changes in chemical the ideal viewing angle based LabSolutions UV-Vis to a reactions can be analyzed in a on ergonomics. It can also be Shimadzu analysis data system

Shimadzu Europa GmbH Albert-Hahn-Str. 6-10 · D -47269 Duisburg Tel.: +49 - (0)203 - 76 87 -0 Fax: +49 - (0)203 - 76 66 25 shimadzu @shimadzu.eu ww w.shimadzu.eu APPLICATION Hot, Hotter, Bombfire Pungency of Currywurst

drocapsaicin (1 %) and homocap - ing Shimadzu application (No. saicin (1 %), which are smaller in L335) and are listed in table 1. comparison. Therefore, only cap - saicin and dihydrocapsaicin are First, capsaicin and dihdrocap - studied to determine capsaicin lev - saicin standards are tested in dif - els in the various sauces and pure ferent concentrations (5, 10, 25, chili peppers [2]. 50, 75 and 100 µg/mL) to create a calibration curve. Fluorescence To measure the exact content, the detection exhibits approximately i-Series LC-2040C 3D compact 16-fold higher sensitivity than HPLC system was used for high- detection with the PDA, as shown very culture has its own some samples for analysis, includ - speed analysis. Equipped with a in figure 1. famous fast food dish or ing the hottest sauce. Guests eat photodiode array (PDA) and fluo - E street food, to use a current them at their own risk, and they rescence detector, standards of the Focus will therefore only be on buzzword. The UK is famous for are served with the warning: “may two main components were ana - the fluorescence detector analyses. its fish and chips, Denmark for its threaten health ”. lyzed first. The method parame - The assignment of the two peaks hot dogs, The Netherlands for Fri - ters applied are based on an exist - is shown in figure 2, where the kandel, and Germany for its fried The pungency (hotness) of a prod - pork sausage with curry sauce, the uct is measured in Scoville Heat Column Shim-Pack GIST C 18 (2 .1 x 100 mm i.D., 2 µm) so-called Currywurst. Although Units (SHU). Tabasco has a pun - Mobile phase A 1.0 % aqueous solutions of acetic acid Berlin claims to have invented this gency of 2,500 to 5,000 Scoville, Mobile phase B Acetonitrile dish, the Ruhr area with 5 million while the “Bombfire” sauce, own Flow rate 0.9 mL/min (40 Vol.-% B) people in the west of the country creation of the “Die Currywurst” Column oven temperature 50 °C has the highest density of fast food snack bar, has up to 666,000 Sco - Detection PDA 280 nm, RF-20Axs Ex 280 nm, Em 325 nm restaurants offering Currywurst ville. Injection volume 1 µL seasoned with curry ketchup, a sauce based on spiced ketchup Pungency level determination Table 1: Method parameters for analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin or tomato paste. The dish often with HPLC comes with French fries. Sample Capsaicin Dihydrocapsaicin Scoville Pungency of the various sauces µg/g (sample) µg/g (sample) Over 800 million curry sausages depends on the amount of capsai - Home Grown 1,501.4 388.5 30,427 are consumed annually in Ger - cinoids which are naturally pres - Habanero 1,693.4 782.2 39,857 many [1], some with hot or very ent in bell peppers or chili pep - Piri Piri 4,877.7 2,273.0 115,125 hot sauces added. According to pers. The two main components, Bhut Jolokia 24,356.1 8,818.6 534,113 owners of “Die Currywurst”, capsaicin (69 %) and dihydrocap - their Ruhr area-based snack bar saicin (22 %), are almost twice as Table 2: Results of measurements of chili peppers provides the world’s hottest Cur - strong as the capsaicinoids nordi - rywurst. Shimadzu has received hydrocapsaicin (7 %), homodihy - mV Max. Intensity: 10,525 15 14 uV Max. Intensity: 10,525 13 11,000 12 10,000 11 9,000 10 9 8,000 8 7,000 7 6,000 6 5,000 5 4 4,000 3 3,000 2 2,000 1 1,000 0 -1 0 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 min. 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 min.

Figure 1: Comparison of RF (black) with PDA detection (violet) Figure 2: RF chromatogram of the standard 5 µg/mL

10 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

#2 Capsaicin #3 Dihydrocapsaicin Area Area 1.300.000 1.500.000 1.200.000 1.400.000 1.100.000 1.300.000 1.200.000 1.000.000 1.100.000 900.000 1.000.000 800.000 900.000 700.000 800.000 600.000 700.000 500.000 600.000 500.000 400.000 400.000 300.000 300.000 200.000 200.000 100.000 100.000 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Concentration Concentration

Figure 3: Calibration curves of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin

capsaicin is the peak eluting at and also nordihydrocapsaicin can mV Max. Intensity: 77,955

2.84 min and the dihydrocapsaicin be identified. 65 is the peak later eluting at 4.16 min. 60 Formula for the degree 55 50 Sample of pungency 45 The calibration curves of capsaicin 40 + Ethanol 10 mL 35 and dihydrocapsaicin are used for 30 Extraction in water bath quantification. To determine the 25 (100 °C, 1 hour) degree of pungency, the concen - 20 trations are ascertained according 15 10 Filtration to the peak areas and converted to the initial weight. The result can 5 0 then be converted to the Scoville 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 min. Injection (1µL) in HPLC scale using the formula below (without nordihydrocapsaicin) to Figure 4: Sample preparation determine the degree of pungency Figure 5: Chromatogram of the sauce with pungency level 7 of chili peppers and sauces. Comparison of chili peppers and chili sauces SHV = C +D+N analysis of chili products. The of samples and the diluting effect results obtained enable an approx - of the sauce, which contains com - The two calibration curves of cap - C = (µg capsaicin per gram) × 16,1 imate estimation of the expected ponents of pure chili peppers. saicin (figure 3 left) and dihydro - D = (µg dihydrocapsaicin per level of pungency, but due to the However, the goal was to make capsaicin (figure 3 right) serve as a gram) ×16,1 non-inclusion of the nordihydro - the expected trend of pungency basis for later determination of the N = (µg nordihydrocapsaicin per capsaicin and a possibly incom - visible analytically for sauces with capsaicin content in the extracted gram) × 9,3 plete extraction, Scoville results different degrees of pungency, and chili peppers and the chili sauces. are considered to be too low. this has been achieved. This is The results are shown in tables 2 clearly shown for the examples in For sample preparation of the and 3. As expected, the results reveal a table 3. dried chilies and sauces, a defined significantly higher degree of pun - amount of sample is first weighed Summary gency of pure chili peppers than (1 g chili pepper, 2 g sauce) and for Currywurst sauces. This dif - Literature dissolved in 10 mL ethanol. After The method depicted shows an ference is a result of the same [1] wikipedia.org/wiki/Currywurst one hour of extraction in a water easy sample preparation and fast sample processing for both types [2] wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsaicin bath ( 100 °C) and filtration of the solution, 1 µL is injected (figure 4). Sample Capsaicin Dihydrocapsaicin Scoville µg/g (sample) µg/g (sample) In total, four chili peppers and five Sauce 3 5.9 12.0 289 Further information sauces with distinct degrees of Sauce 5 6.8 11.6 296 on this article : pungency were examined. Figure Sauce 7 405.6 120.9 8,478 • Application note: 5 shows the chromatogram of a Sauce 10 1,103.2 442.3 24,882 Shimadzu Application sauce with a pungency of level Sauce 10+ 4,867.0 3,182.4 129,594 News No. L33 5 seven, i.e. medium to high, in which capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin Table 3: Results of trial measurements of chili peppers and hot sauces

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 11 APPLICATION

the range of 29 0- 340 nm, 35 0- 450 nm and 66 0- 680 nm are Olive oil is top source present. The emission at around 670 nm (Ex: 400 nm) is typical for chlorophyll, while the broad band between 350 nm and 450 nm is of vitamin E caused by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their oxidation products. The last remaining emission peak A quantitative fluorescence analysis of tocopherols at about 320 nm is attributable to vitamin E [8].

ocopherols are methyl-sub - The concentration of fluorescence- stituted chromanols with a active chromophores in pure olive T side chain consisting of three oil is very high. In order to reduce isoprenes. The four α-, β-, γ- and the intensity of the fluorescence, it δ-tocopherols differ in the num - is possible to rotate the sample 30° ber and position of the methyl or 60° to the excitation beam. In groups in the phenolic part of the this way, the volume traversed by chroman ring. The α homologue the excitation beam is reduced. contains three methyl groups, Figure 1: Chemical structure of α-tocopherol while the β- and the γ-homo - However, this does not affect logues are dimethylated positional required increases when the diet and Greece to the United States, quenching effects within the sam - isomers. The δ homologue is contains a large proportion of Australia and Japan [6, 7]. ple. In order to reduce this, olive mono methylated. These sub - unsaturated fatty acids. For exam - oil is diluted with n-hexane stances all exhibit vitamin E activ - ple, the necessary α-tocopherol High sensitivity of fluorescence (1 vol.-% olive oil) for measure - ity, but the biological potential of consumption is 0.09 mg /g for spectroscopy ment. This also impacts on quan - R,R,R- α-tocopherol clearly sur - monounsaturated fatty acids and tification of vitamin E in olive oil, passes the other homologues with 0. 4- 0.6 mg /g for diunsaturated Fluorescence spectroscopy is very since significantly fewer matrix 1.49 IU/mg [1]. fatty acids [3]. According to the suitable for component analysis of effects occur [4]. Figure 3 shows a olive oils. The method has a high - comparison of the measurement of EM Wavelenght (nm) / EX Wavelenght (nm) er sensitivity than, for example, a dilute hexane solution (1 vol.-%) 700 40,000 UV/Vis spectroscopy, since the with a higher concentration signal-to-noise ratio is significant - (30 vol.-%). The spectrum of the 600 30,000 ly higher. Also, fluorescence spec - higher concentrated oil-hexane troscopy can be applied in three solution (black) clearly shows the 500 20,000 dimensions, which is an advantage matrix, in addition to the toco - 400 for particularly complex composi - pherol peak at about 320 nm, 10,000 tions of samples. which makes it difficult to evalu - 300 ate the peak area amongst others. 0 In 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 the associated emission spectra are Quantitative assessment applied for a range of excitation of vitamin E content Figure 2: 3D scan of hexane diluted olive oil (1 vol.-%) wavelengths. Figure 2 shows a 3D spectrum of commercial olive oil. To quantify the vitamin E content In addition to the excitation wave - in olive oil, an external calibration Tocopherols are used, for exam - National Research Council ( 1989), length, fluorescence activities in is performed. To test the dynamic ple, in the food industry, because a 10 mg daily intake of vitamin E they effectively inhibit fat oxida - for men and 8 mg for women is 3,350.2 tion in food [2]. This effect is also recommended. 3,000.0 evident in other biological systems such as the human body. According to nutritional beliefs, 2,000.0 y t

extra virgin olive oil, despite its i s

20 % of vitamin E n high content of monounsaturated e t n requirements are contributed fatty acids, is suitable for supple - I 1,000.0 by fats and oils menting the daily vitamin E intake and for protection from vitamin E The largest sources of vitamin E deficiency [4, 5]. Today, it is rec - 0 are vegetable oils. Based on data ognized worldwide as a health -290.9 250.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 550.0 from the National Health and promoting oil, which is why extra nm Nutrition Survey (NHAVES II), virgin olive oil is becomin g increas - it is evident that fats and oils con - ingly important in many coun - Figure 3: Range of diluted olive oil 1 % v/ v, in n-hexane (purple), spectrum of diluted tribute more than 20 % to vitamin tries. As a result, large volumes of olive oil 30 % v/ v, in n-hexane (black) E requirements [1]. The daily dose oil are exported from Italy, Spain

12 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

4,000 11,000 Synchronus scan 3,500 10,000 Synchronus Normal 3,000 9,000 Normal . U 2,500 . a

y 8,000 t n i i

s y n 2,000 t e i t s 7,000 n n I e

1,500 t n I 6,000 1,000 ––– Linear (synchronus) 5,000 500 ––– Linear (normal) 0 4,000 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 Concentration of ␣-tocoperol in ppm Concentration of tocoperol in ppm Figure 4: Calibration of α-tocopherol in hexane normal and with the synchronous Figure 6: Calibration of an α-tocopherol-hexane solution in the range of 8 0- 200 ppm technique and respective calibration lines (Ex: 290 nm) range, calibration solutions with good quantifiability and as few tion of the olive oil with hexane to [2] Kamal-Eldin, A; Andersson, R. 0.6 - 75 ppm α-tocopherol pre - matrix effects as possible for the minimize quenching within the A multivariate study of the correlation pared in hexane are used and olive oil concentration has to be sample and to ensure system cali - between tocopherol content and fatty measured at an excitation wave - found. bratability is necessary. However, acid composition in vegetable oils. length of 290 nm. It is noticeable the sample should only be diluted J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1997, 74, that the sensitivity to the higher Additionally, fluorescence spectra to the extent that the α-tocophe - pp. 375-380. α-tocopherol concentrations of hexane solutions with higher rol concentration is still approxi - decreases, so a calibration in the α-tocopherol concentrations have mately 10 - 15 ppm. For samples [3] Belitz, HD; Grosch, W. range of 1 - 20 ppm is therefore the been measured in order to see with a high amount of matrix, it Food Chemistry, 2 nd Ed.; Spinger publish - most suitable. how the fluorescence reacts at may be useful to measure the flu - ing house: Berlin, Germany, 1999. higher concentrations. The result - orescence in synchronous mode, All measurements were also done ing plot of intensities versus con - as it minimizes interfering effects. [4] Kafatos, A; Comas, G. with the synchronous technique. centration (figure 6) shows that Biological effects of olive oil on human Excitation and emission wave - above a concentration of 100 ppm, health. In Olive Oil; Kiritsakis, AK, Ed.; lengths were scanned, with both quenching effects occur within the American Oil Chemists’ Society: Cham- wavelengths at a constant distance sample and a linear correlation paign, Il, 1990; Chapter 17, pp. 157- 181. from each other. Excitation peak between intensity and concentra - Authors in the spectrum was significantly tion is no longer present. There - Aurelia Bertini, Hochschule Niederrhein [5] Lenart, EB; Willet, WC; Kiritsakis, AK. attenuated, as well as second fore, it makes no sense to measure Manos Barbounis, Asteriadis S.A. Nutritional and Health aspects of olive order light and matrix effects of undiluted olive oil. Vassilis N. Kamvissis, Sevitel oil. In Olive Oil Kiritsakis AK Ed: the sample. This resulted in much Food and Nutrition Press: Trumbull CT, narrower peaks. These are usually 3,000.0 1998; Chapter 16, pp. 299-322. easier to evaluate, but have a low - er intensity [9]. [6] Petrakis, C.

2,000.0 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)

Normal and synchronous y guidelines for virgin olive oil production. t i s measurement n Grasas Aceities 1994, 45, pp. 53-54. e t n

I 1,000.0 For testing, an olive oil-hexane [7] Eleni Psomiadou, Maria Tsimidou, solution (1 vol.-%) was measured Dimitrios Boskou, a-tocopherol Content of Greek Virgin Olive oils, J. Agric. Food normally and synchronously. 0 The α-tocopherol peak is very -207.3 Chem., 2000, 48 (5), pp. 1770- 1775. small, so that the sample can be 260.9 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 710.0 nm arranged at the lower end of the [8] Kyriakidis & Skarkalis: calibration line. Oil-hexane solu - Figure 5: Fluorescence spectrum of an olive oil sample (black); Synchronous scan of Journal of AOAC Internattional Vol. 83, tion thus contains approximately an olive oil sample (re d) No. 6, 2000. 1-2 ppm α-tocopherol, while a slightly higher value is deduced [9] Sikorska E., Khmelinskii I., Sikorski M., using calibration with synchro - Summary Literature Analysis of Olive Oils by Fluores cence nous technology. For a reliable [1] Eitenmiller, R . R.; Landen, WO, Jr. Spectroscopy: Methods and Appli cations, calibration, it is recommended to Vitamin E is a quality feature of Vitamin E. Tocopherols and tocotrienols. InTech (2012). increase the proportion of olive olive oil, but quantification by In Vitamin Analysis for the Health and oil in the hexane solution by a few fluorescence spectroscopy is chal - Food Sciences; CRC Press: Boca Raton, percent. A compromise between lenging. In general, sufficient dilu - FL, 1999; p 109.

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 13 APPLICATION Flavors in beer determined by Headspace-GC GC-20 10 Plus in the Quality Control procedure of a large Greek brewery

eer flavor is formed by a 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and complex mixture of many 2,3-pentanedione, is also a critical B components giving each step in determination of flavor in brew its own distinctive personali - beer. VDKs are considered to be ty. This mixture mostly includes extremely important since they alcohols, esters, acids, sulphur are known to affect the taste of compounds and vicinal diketones. the beer. These components are responsible for the sweet butter Esters represent one of the most flavor and are considered as non- important flavor groups and play beneficial at high levels. a considerable role in the organo - leptic characteristics of the beer. Another important task (in the Production of esters is influenced brewing process) is monitoring of mainly by wort composition and acetaldehyde. As known, acetalde - fermentation parameters during hyde is reduced to ethanol by yeast Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is a sul - levels, they give off an unpleasant the brewing process. Additionally, during secondary fermentation, fur compound with the taste and taste and smell. esters are often the target-com - but this process may be reversed aroma of sweet corn. This derives pounds in authentication and due to extensive oxidation, con - either from the malt (as a result of This shows that rapid and reliable quali ty control methods. verting ethanol back to acetalde - fermentation pro cess) or bacterial methods are highly desirable hyde. Acetaldehyde can also be a infection. Sulfur components for determination of aroma pro- Furthermore, monitoring for vici - product of bacterial spoilag e caused could be considered acceptable at file of the beer due to its impor - nal diketones (V DKs) including by Zymomonas or Acetobacter. low concentrations, but in higher tance.

Acetaldehyde Isobutanol 6.0 uV (x 10,000) 0.06 )

0 5.0

0 0.05 1 o

i

x 4.0 t ( 2.5

0.04 a r o

i t 0.03 a 3.0 a e r r

A a 0.02 2.0

e 2.0 r A 0.01 1.0

0.00 0.0 1.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 Concentration ratio Concentration ratio

Diacetyl 2,3-pentanedione 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8

o o 0.7 i i 0.5 t 0.7 t a a 0.6 r r 0.6 n n

o o 0.5 i i t 0.5 t 0.0 a a 0.4 r r

t 0.4 t

n n 0.3 e 0.3 e c c

n n 0.2

o 0.2 o -0.5 C 0.1 C 0.1 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Minutes Area ratio Area ratio

Figure 1: Typical calibration curves Figure 2: Analysis of VDKs in a standard

14 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 APPLICATION

Worldwide established: a FID detector (analysis of esters, Line 1 (VDKs) Line 2 (Esters) Headspace-GC DMS, acetaldehyde). Injector temperature: 135 °C Injector temperature: 135 °C Split ratio: 3 Split ratio: 3 Headspace sampling coupled with Headspace autosampler Column oven: 75 °C for 12 min Column oven: 35 °C (25 min), 10 °C/min gas chromatography (HS-GC) is Shimadzu AOC-5000 with a to 150 and hold 10 min a widely used technique for the 2.5 mL headspace syringe. FID temperature: 150 °C FID temperature: 150 °C analysis of beer throughout the Pressure: 35 KPa Pressure: 73 KPa world. It is also considered im - Capillary columns Carrier gas: Helium Carrier gas: Helium portant in quality control (QC) • Line 1 (VDKs): Varian CP SIL in order to identify problems or 8 CB column (50 m, 0.53 mm Table 1: Method parameters changes occurring in brewing or ID and 1 µm film thickness) fermentation processes that could • Line 2 (esters): Varian CP Wax Compound Correlation Coefficient RSD (%) affect the quality of the final 52 CB column (60 m, 0.32 mm Diacetyl 0.9995 1.04 product, i.e.: and 1.20 µm film thickness) 2,3-pentanedione 0.9999 1.08 Acetaldehyde 0.9984 2.51 • significant increases of ethyl for - Results and discussion Dms 0.9989 2.20 mate, acetone an d/or methanol Acetone 0.9989 1.3 in cases of contamination caused Following the identification of the Ethyl formate 0.9976 2.25 by inadequately disinfected tanks compounds, calibration was car - Ethyl acetate 0.9987 1.30 or leaks in cooling systems ried out using an aquatic solution Methanol 0.9965 2.43 of 5 % in ethanol. The substances Ethyl propionate 0.9984 1.75 • an abnormal increase in ethyl used for each analysis were as fol - Propanol 0.9991 2.89 capronate related to yeast and lows: Isobutanol 0.9989 2.50 fermentation problems. Isoamyl acetate 0.9965 1.35 • VDKs: diacetyl and 2,3 pentane - Amyl alcohols 0.9986 2.85 The aim of this current work was dione and 1,2-dichloropropane Ethyl capronate 0.9973 2.93 the successful development of the as internal standard. HS-GC technique to successfully • Esters etc: acetaldehyde, DMS, Table 2: Correlation coefficients of the related substances implement it in the Quality Con - acetone, ethyl formate, ethyl ID#1 Compound name: Diacetyl trol of a large brewery in Greece. acetate, methanol, ethyl propi - Titel Ret. time Area onate, propanol, isobutanol, mixture&ISTD9.gcd 4.249 36,193 Sample preparation isoamyl acetate, amyl alcohols mixture&ISTD8.gcd 4.249 36,457 and ethyl capronate and n-buta - mixture&ISTD7.gcd 4.248 36,336 Beer samples require degassing nol as internal standard. mixture&ISTD6.gcd 4.248 36,657 prior to headspace analysis for two reasons. Firstly, it is critical The calibration curve used for mixture&ISTD5.gcd 4.247 36,830 to prevent dissolved carbon diox - each substance consisted of seven mixture&ISTD4.gcd 4.247 36,652 mixture&ISTD3.gcd 4.246 36,530 ide (CO 2) from influencing vial points, and the correlation coeffi - pressure during the headspace cients ( r2) are listed in table 2, mixture&ISTD2.gcd 4.245 36,923 heating process, and secondly, varying from 0.9965 to 0.9999. mixture&ISTD1.gcd 4.243 35,667 Average 4.247 36,472 CO 2 eluting during chromatogra - Some typical calibration curves phy disturbs the GC baseline. are also shown in figure 1. %RSD 0.049 1.038 Maximum 4.249 36,923 Samples were prepared by trans - Experimental data Minimum 4.243 35,667 ferring the beer to a wide mouth Standard deviation 0.002 379 beaker and sonicating them brief - Nine repetitions of the highest ID#2 Compound name: 2,3-pentanedione ly. After degassing, 2.5 mL of beer concentration VDKs standard Titel Ret. time Area sample was placed into a 20 mL were performed, and the relative mixture&ISTD9.gcd 5.552 89,233 headspace vial, the internal stan - RSDs are shown in table 3. mixture&ISTD8.gcd 5.551 89,539 dard was added with a gas tight Repeatability was very good and mixture&ISTD7.gcd 5.551 89,407 syringe, and the vial was sealed in all cases RSD was less than 3 % mixture&ISTD6.gcd 5.550 91,125 with a rubber septa. It was then (see also table 3). mixture&ISTD5.gcd 5.549 91,484 placed in the rack of the head - mixture&ISTD4.gcd 5.548 90,068 space autosampler for incubation Conclusion mixture&ISTD3.gcd 5.547 89,663 and injection. mixture&ISTD2.gcd 5.546 90,701 The headspace-GC technique is a mixture&ISTD1.gcd 5.543 88,497 Instrumentation fast and reliable method for rou - Average 5.548 89,971 tine analysis of odor compounds %RSD 0.052 1.075 Gas chromatograph in beer. Due to minimum sample Maximum 5.552 91,484 Shimadzu GC-20 10 Plus, two pretreatment, high sensitivity Minimum 5.543 89,497 Spli t/ Splitless injectors, two lines, and excellent repeatability of Standard deviation 0.003 967 one with an ECD detector (analy - the Shimadzu GC-20 10 Plus gas sis of VDKs) and the second with chromatograph and Shimadzu ‘ Table 3: Repeatability data of VDKs (screenshot from GC Solution software)

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 15 APPLICATION

uV (x 10,000) AOC-5000 autosampler, it was Inst. Brew. 116(1), Analysis of Selected 5.0 quite easy to implement it in the Esters in Beer: Comparison of Solid-Phase 4.5 Quality Control procedure of a Microextraction and Stir Bar Sorptive large brewery plant in Greece. Extraction, pp. 81-85, 20 10. 4.0 [2] Li Huimin, Li Hongjun, Liu Xiuhua, 3.5 This application can be done Chen Bing in the same way using the new Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 21 (Vol. 5), 3.0 Nexis GC-2030. Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in 2.5 top fermented wheat beer by headspace sampling-gas chromatography, 2012. 2.0 Authors 1.5 Manos Barbouni s, Dimitris Georgantas

1.0 Application Laboratory, N.Asteriadis S.A., 31 Dervenion Str. & Poseidonos Str., 144 51 0.5 Metamorfossi – Athens, Greece

0.0 E-mail: mb @asteriadis.gr

-0.5 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 Literature Minutes [1] Tomáš Horák, Jirí Culík, Vladimír Kellner, Figure 3: Analysis of esters etc. in a standard Marie Jurková, Pavel Cejka, Danuša Hašková and Josef Dvorák, J.

READ FOR YOU Guardian in the chemical park TOC process measurement at Leuna Chemical Park, Germany

s a method of analysis that as well as sanitation and other An automatic sampling station which is passed through the sam - has been established for services. This also includes com - withdraws process water steadily ple. A decades, the sum parameter plex logistics services. The focus and feeds it to the analyzer. It is TOC (Total Organic Carbon) is on the business success for the important to adjust the extraction This sample preparation is done measures the total contamination customers and the further devel - to the respective water quality: automatically by the TOC-4200. of organic components in a matrix opment of the chemical site as a If it contains particles, it has to be Once the inorganic carbon is in a single analytical run – wheth - whole. treated differently than saline par - removed, an aliquot is injected er in a laboratory environment or ticle-free water. Shimadzu offers automatically onto a 680 °C plat - online during an industrial pro - Analytical monitoring of water various sampling modules for this inum catalyst where all existing cess. This makes the TOC a ver - quality is an integral part of these purpose. Up to six different sam - organic compounds are oxidized satile and universal parameter, as services. It is an important tool ple streams can be connected to to carbon dioxide. The resulting demonstrated by InfraLeun a for safe running of all processes, one station and can be measured CO 2 is conducted by a carrier gas Chem ical Park in Leuna, Germany. and protection of equipment and by a single analyzer. flow to a highly sensitive CO 2- the environment. It is carried out selective NDIR detector and sub - The Leuna Chemical Park, located at various points where different Important for the determination sequently measured. Based on an in the heart of central Germany, water qualities occur, such as of the TOC is the differentiation external calibration, the TOC stands for dynamism, innovation waste water, ultrapure water or between organic and inorganic concentration is then calculated. and maximum efficiency. As an water vapor. carbon. After all, carbonates and independent operator of the entire bicarbonates can be found in Wastewater treatment infrastructure, InfraLeuna ensures The TOC every natural water. The most the synergy of the Leuna chemical commonly used method for TOC At the chemical site of Leuna, site and provides the framework To quickly measure the level of determination is therefore the so- about 300 m 3 per hour of waste - for local companies for a cost- organic component contamination called NPOC (Non Purge able water is produced that needs to effective and efficient production. in water, the TOC value is deter - Organic Carbon) method. The be cleaned. For this purpose, the mined. This can be done offline in sample is acidified in order to site operates its own multi-stage The comprehensive offer of the lab as well as online during the convert the carbonates and bicar - waste water treatment plant. In InfraLeuna consists of the redun - process. Shimadzu’s TOC-4200 is bonates contained to CO 2. Sub - order to protect the biological dant provision of steam, electrici - an example of a TOC process for sequently, the resulting carbon treatment stage of the sewage ty, fresh water and drinking water online monitoring. dioxide is expelled by a gas stream treatment plant, the entrance of

16 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 READ FOR YOU

the biological treatment stage is water is first decarbonated, fil - addition to inorganic substances washes it back with rinse water. meticulously controlled. An on - tered through a gravel filter and such as salts or CO 2, organic con - The sampling device thus contains line TOC system closely monitors a candle filter, then purified by taminants can also cause damage. no moving parts or filters and is the inflow, as excessive amounts reverse osmosis and desalted by In steam generation, some organic effectively maintenance free. The of organic load can severely dis - ion exchange. substances are decomposed. De - flowing medium flushes particles rupt or even kill the plant’s sensi - composition products, e.g. organic or deposits away from the capil - tive biology. In order to detect TOC impurities in ultrapure acids, lead to increased corrosion lary, so that no blockages can potential incoming volatile solvent water can have a negative impact of system components such as occur. loads, NPOC and also POC on chemical processes. Especially heat exchangers or the blades of (purgeable organic carbons) as in the production and processing steam turbines. Conclusion option are measured in the feed. of high purity chemicals, contami - nation can have a negative influ - In the return condensate, organic Many varied fields of application To control the efficiency of the ence on the quality of the product. substances can accumulate. The with TOC analysis are in opera - wastewater treatment plant and An important specification of condensate is therefore also moni - tion in a chemical park such as the clarification process, output ultrapure water is thereby de - tored and only reused if a maxi - in Leuna. Whether sewage, rain - of the wastewater treatment plant scribed by the TOC: it must not mum limit of 0.8 mg/L TOC is water, condensate, ultrapure water is also monitored. For this, two contain more than 0.2 mg/L of met. If the measured TOC con - or recooling water, whether with streams are analyzed: organic carbon. The ultrapure centration is higher, the conden - or without salts and particles – all • waters from the various purifi - water is therefore examined con - sate is treated by suitable proce - waters have their own require - cation stages of the sewage treat - tinuously before feeding into the dures before reuse. To protect the ments for analysis, which can be ment plant supply lines. To perform such sen - system components in the steam- met by appropriate options. • surface waters resulting from sitive measurements, a special condensate circuit, TOC is care - precipitation events. high-sensitivity catalyst is used. fully monitored. Read for you in Laborpraxis December 20 17 Recooling Water

For condensation in the water- steam circuit, additional cooling circuits are needed. The cooling Further information towers used for this purpose with on this article : their large amounts of water are • www.laborpraxis. an open system, in contrast to the vogel.de/per-toc- closed water-steam circuits. From messung-im-prozess- the outside, various environmental die-wasserqualitaet-im-chemiepark- influences affect the water quality ueberwachen-a-669678/ of the so-called recooling water. In addition, with temperatures IMPRINT between 20 °C and 40 °C, it pres - ents an ideal breeding ground for Shimadzu NEWS, Customer Magazine Analytical monitoring of water quality by TOC measurement is essential for efficient microorganisms of all kinds. To of Shimadzu Europa GmbH, Duisburg processes in the Leuna Chemical reduce microbial contamination, Publisher chemicals are added to the recool - Shimadzu Europa GmbH If the appropriate limits are not The platinum-plated quartz wool ing water. This water is also moni - Alber t- Hah n- Str. 6-10 · D- 47269 Duisburg exceeded, the water may be dis - of the catalyst enables injection of tored continuously for its organic Phone: +49- 20 3- 76 87 -0 charged to the river. To avoid higher volumes. Detection limits impurity level. Fax: +49- 20 3- 76 66 25 environmental damage, the below 50 µg/L TOC are achieved shimadzu @shimadzu.eu TOC-4200 systems used for this in this combination. Sampling ww w.shimadzu.eu purpose are connected to a me - Editorial Team chanical gate valve system. If the Steam / condensate At the Leuna chemical site, pro - Uta Steeger limit value is exceeded, the valve is cess TOC devices are used in Phone: +49(0)203 7 687-41 0 closed automatically and the water One of the most important sourc - many places to monitor the water. Ralf Weber, Maximilian Schulze is sent to a containment tank and es of energy in the Leuna Chemi - Sampling, on the other hand, is Design and Production then returned to wastewater treat - cal Park is steam. It is used to heat carried out in all used systems by m/e brand communication GmbH GWA ment. reactors and is sometimes even means of counter flow-extraction. Duesseldorf part of the manufacturing process. The sampling system consists of Circulation Ultrapure water InfraLeuna supplies their custom - a curved overflow pipe into which German: 6,400 · English: 4,120 ers and their own plants with a sampling capillary is inserted. Copyright In many areas of the chemical steam at different pressure levels. Shimadzu Europa GmbH, Duisburg, park, ultrapure water is used, The steam is generated with high The sampling point is located Germany – March 20 18. either for chemical processes or efficiency, using cogeneration sys - directly behind the pipe bend, so for thermal processes in waste tem in a combined cycle power that a turbulent flow of the sam - Windows is a trademark of Microsoft heat or boiler plants. InfraLeuna plant. ple homogenizes a multiphase Corporation. ©20 18 3 produces about 350 m ultrapure mixture which may be present. Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, water per hour. In this manufac - Contaminants in the water used The TOC-4200 draws the flowing the Apple logo, Mac OS and iOS are turing process, different tech - for steam production can have sample out of this capillary against trademarks of Apple Inc. niques are combined. The raw negative effects on the plant. In its direction of flow, and then

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 17 LATEST NEWS Troubleshooting via YouTube Video tutorials using the new GC generation Nexis GC-2030 as an example

Figure 1: YouTube: Touchscreen display & LabSolutions Direct Figure 2: YouTube: Septum and Liner

egular analysis of customer column has been installed correct - Alternatively, “GC-2030” can be requests from around the ly as there are only two possible entered in the search mask of R world revealed that users positions: “open” and “shut ”. YouTube.com. would like easier access to GC Furthermore, an optional LED analysis and simplification of oven lamp gives a clear view An additional video tutorial de - daily maintenance tasks, such as inside the GC-2030 oven. tails changing of the desolvation changing the column. line on the LCMS-8060 triple- Replacing the gas filter in the line quad mass spectrometer. More With its new troubleshooting of the split gas outlet is carried videos will be added soon. channel on YouTube, Shimadzu out less frequently, but can also takes a new approach using video be done quickly without a tool and voice to give practical tips & (figure 4). The filter prevents con - tricks relating to chromatography. Figure 3: YouTube: ClickTek and oven lamp tamination of the electronic unit The Nexis GC-2030 as part of controlling the carrier gas. An the new GC generation is used as GC-2030 has network access indicator in the filter changes an example to show how this (figure 1). color when replacement is neces - Further information high-precision technology can be sary. on this article : conveniently maintained and just Simple maintenance • bit.ly/ how easy daily work with the These videos can be watched sim - Troubleshooting_ Nexis GC-2030 really is. Another video shows just how ply by clicking on the links in the ShimadzuEurope easy it is to change the septum Shimadzu News App. Consistent user and liner as part of routine main - guidance tenance work on the GC injector (figure 2). After the work is com - Self-explanatory icons on the plete, the simple diagnostic func - GC-2030 color touchscreens guide tion of the GC-2030 provides users intuitively through the pro - clear information on whether the cedure for setting up all required injector is again gas-tight and method parameters. The same ready for use. icons and structure of the typical GC modules are also used in the Changing the column is a standard LabSolutions software. The procedure if the GC is used for “LabSolutions Direct” interface different types of applications can be used to see the status of a (figure 3). The unique Click-Tek running GC analysis as well as technology reduces this procedure remotely restarting sample meas - to a few well-defined steps. A urements using a tablet PC or simple snap hook mechanism is smartphone, provided the sufficient to verify whether the Figure 4: YouTube: Filter Nexis GC-2030

18 SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 READ FOR YOU Less than a teaspoon of blood can predict Alzheime r’s disease risk

n international collaborative population have a significant A ␤ “Scientists at Shimadzu Corpora - research team led by the burden in their brain. While the tion will need to scale up the test A Japanese National Center Aβ deposition does not necessarily so that it can be widely used, but for Geriatrics and Gerontology mean a fast progression to Alzhei- once this issue is resolved, this new (NCGG), Koichi Tanaka Mass mer’s dementia, these individuals test has the potential to eventually Spectrometry Research Laboratory are considered to be “at risk” of disrupt the current PET/CSF tech - at Shimadzu Corporation, and the developing Alzheimer’s disease at nologies. In the first instance, how - Australian Imaging, Biomarker some future point. The new blood ever, it is likely to be used for and Lifestyle Study of Aging test can identify individuals with screening,” says Colin L. Masters, (AIBL) groups has established a abnormal A ␤ deposition in the Professor at the Florey Institute, highly sensitive blood test able brain,with about 90 % accuracy. The University of Melbourne, who to identify individuals at risk of led the AIBL project. developing Alzheimer’s disease. “Currently, only positron emission (The research also involved collab - tomography (PET) imaging or “Our blood test may also have a orators at The University of cerebrospinal fluid testing are transformative potential to facili - Tokyo, Kyoto University, Kindai available to ascertain brain A ␤ Koichi Tanaka at Shimadzu Corporation, tate the development of effective University, and Tokyo Metropo- burden, however, these tests are who achieved the Nobel Prize in Chemistry drugs for Alzheimer’s disease,” litan Institute of Gerontology.) expensive an d/or invasive” says in 2002 for developing a method for mass says Katsuhiko Yanagisawa, The results have been published Akinori Nakamur a, Laboratory spectrometric analyses Director-general of Research online, on 31 January 20 18, in Chief at NCGG. “Therefore, a Institute at NCGG. He continues, Nature, one of the world’s leading minimally invasive and cost-effec - One key point for their success is “Although drugs for Alzheimer’s scientific journals. tive blood test is strongly desired; that the test employed a new meth- disease are still under develop - however, it has proven to be very od called immunoprecipitation and ment, the best chance for the effi - One of the essential pathological difficult to develop despite much mass spectrometry (IP-MS). “From cacious interventions are consid - signatures of Alzheimer’s disease is research effort. Our study is im- only 0.5 mL of a blood sample, the ered to be before the onset of the deposition in the brain of an ab- portant because it not only demon- IP-MS method can quantitatively dementia symptoms. Our blood normal protein, called A ␤-amyloid strates the high performance of measure several A ␤-related pep - test is expected to enable popula - (A ␤). About three decades before this blood test, but also its reliabil - tides, such as A ␤1-42, A␤1-40, and tion-based screening to identify the onset of dementia symptoms, ity and reproducibility as it was APP66 9-7 11, in plasma, even “at risk” individuals to be recruit - the deposition starts silently, with - successfully validated in two inde - though their concentration in plas - ed in preclinical and prodromal out any sign of cognitive abnor - pendent large datasets from differ - ma is extremely low. We found prevention trials with reasonable malities. It is estimated that about ent countries, Japan ( 12 1 samples) that the ratio of these peptides, cost-benefit and scalability.” 20 - 40 % of the general elderly and Australia (252 samples) .” APP66 9-7 11/A␤1-42, A␤1-40/ A␤1-42, were an Authors of the article, published accurate surrogate in Nature: for the brain A ␤ burden. This tech - Akinori Nakamura, Naoki Kaneko, Victor L. nique was estab- Villemagne, Takashi Kato, James Doecke, lished by our col - Vincent Doré, Chris Fowler, Qiao-Xin Li, Ralph league Naoki Martins, Christopher Rowe, Taisuke Tomita, Kaneko, who also Katsumi Matsuzaki, Kenji Ishii, Kazunari Ishii, first found APP669- Yutaka Arahata, Shinichi Iwamoto, Kengo Ito, 711 in plasma,” says Koichi Tanaka, Colin L. Masters & Katsuhiko Koichi Tanaka at Yanagisawa Shimadzu Corpo ra - tion, who achieved the Nobel Prize in Further information Chem istry in 2002 on this article : for developing a • www.nature.com/ method for mass articles/nature25456 spectrometric anal- yses.

SHIMADZU NEWS 1/20 18 19 LATEST NEWS Pop the corks: 50 th anniversary of Shimadzu in Europe Time to celebrate

his year, Shimadzu celebrates cation-oriented knowhow. industrial and clinical standards services, it is also a matter of the 50 th anniversary of its Through trainings and seminars in today substantiate this tag line. adapting successfully to societal, T presence in Europe. This is the over 1,500 sqm Laborato ry political, econom ic and technolog - an exciting year with lots of inno - World, it is regularly shared with Paradigm shifts in business ical changes as well as aligning to vations to be expect ed, and it is the sales and service forces who clients’ expansion plans, needs and also a time to celebrate with the transfer it into the markets. They Developing, running and growing structures to fully support their clients, employees and the busi - are one of the world’s largest pro - a company for 50 years (and on a competitiveness. These all influ - ness communities of analytical viders of analytical instrumenta - global scale it is more than 140 ence the ways of doing business, instrumentation and medical tech - tion and X-ray diagnostic imaging years) is not just a question of cooperating with clients and driv - nology. solutions. Whereas medical tech - offering the right products and ing a company. nology covers Angiography, Fluo - It started in 1968 with five employ - roscopy and Radiography as well Just to mention a few: the digital Quiz ‘n’ Win ees: Shimadzu Europa commenced as Mobile X-ray Systems, the ana - revolution, i.e. the transition from operations in Düssel dorf, the capi - lytical instrumentation focuses on Throughout the year, Shimadzu the industrial era to the informa - tal of Ger many’s most populous advanced solutions in Chromato - takes the opportunity to cele - tion age, caused a technological federal state. In 1987, after 20 gra phy, Mass Spec trometry, Spec - brate with its clients and the paradigm shift regard ing new years of growth, Shimadzu relo - troscopy, Total Organic Carbon business communities. In the applications, precision and con - cated a few miles further to Duis- analysis, Imag ing, Life Sciences, coming months, exciting com - ducting systems. A similar impact burg, a city with the largest inland Materia l Test ing and Measuring petitions will be run with lots in a political context was the raise port in Euro pe, which since then Technology. of attractive prizes to win. Just of the Iron Cur tain which gave visit the ww w.shimadzu.eu/ hosts Shimadzu’s Euro pean Head - access to new markets and target 50th-anniversary website quar ters for the Shimadzu Corpo - “Excellence in Science” stands for groups, and also led to a new and apply to take part in the ration (Kyoto, Japan). Today, Shimadzu’s core value proposition political and market order all over quiz with questions around Shimadzu em ploys almost 700 representing the company’s scien - Europe. Shimadzu’s history, portfolio people in Europe and has devel - tific and technological approach to and milestones. Don´t worry, oped into a large European net - always providing business, medical you don´t have to be an expert! work with offices and trade part - and research solutions with ad - Good luck! ners in 81 cities from 48 countries. vanced analytical and diagnostic imaging systems, ensuring better “Excellence in Science” consumer, patient and environ - ment protection as well as product The headquarter in Duisburg pro - safety. Numerous world firsts vides the technological and appli - which have meanwhile become

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