DOCSLIB.ORG

For Existing Oil Palm Cultivation on Peat

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

RSPO MANUAL ON BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) FOR EXISTING OIL PALM CULTIVATION ON PEAT SUPPORTED BY The British Government cover image Workers loading barges with oil palm fruits, which have been transported by water to save energy and enhance access. 3 RSPO MANUAL ON BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) — ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 FOR EXISTING OIL PALM 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 CULTIVATION ON PEAT 1.1 Initiation of RSPO Manual for Best Management Practices 3 1.2 Purpose of BMP Manual and Benefits of Adoption 4 lim, k.h., lim, s.s, parish. f. and SUPPORTED BY 1.3 Background of Oil Palm Cultivation on Peatland 5 suharto, r. (eds) 2012. RSPO Manual The British 1.4 Potential Impacts of Oil Palm Cultivation on Peatland 7 on Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Government Existing Oil Palm Cultivation on Peat. RSPO, 1.5 Regulations and Guidelines Related to Oil Palm 7 Kuala Lumpur. Cultivation on Peatland 1.6 Contents of the Manual 10 editorial team Peter Lim Kim Huan (Dr) Si Siew Lim Faizal Parish 2.0 NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL PEAT 15 Rosediana Suharto 2.1 Definition, Formation, Distribution and Classification of Peat 15 isbn 978-967-11292-1-0 2.2 Peat Depth, Horizons and Topography 18 e-book 2.3 Physiochemical Properties and Fertility of Drained Peat 20 2.4 Peat Subsidence 24 book design disclaimer 2.5 Constraints of Oil Palm Cultivation on Peatland 34 Jeffrey Lim http://studio25.my/ The statements, technical information and recommendations contained in this Manual This publication may be reproduced in are based on best practice and experience whole or in part and in any form for and have been prepared by thev members of 3.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)– 37 educational or non-profit purposes without the RSPO Peatland Working Group (PLWG) OIL PALM CULTIVATION ON PEATLAND special permission from the copyright holder, established by decision of the RSPO General provided acknowledgement of the source Assembly. The guidance in this Manual 3.1 Water Management 37 is made. does not necessarily reflect the views of the RSPO Secretariat or any of the individual 3.2 Fertilizer and Nutrient Management 67 No use of this publication may be made for contributors, sponsors and supporters of the 3.3 Integrated Pest and Disease Management 71 resale or for any other commercial purpose process. The publication of this Manual does 3.4 Weed Management 90 whatsoever without express written consent not constitute an endorsement by RSPO, the from the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. PLWG or any participants or supporters of 3.5 Management of Leaning and Fallen Palms 92 the development of new oil palm plantations 3.6 Replanting Practices 94 please direct all inquiries to in peatland areas. Every effort has been 3.7 Nursery Management 110 RSPO Secretariat Sdn Bhd made to make this Manual as complete and Unit A-32A-2, Menara UOA Bangsar accurate as possible. However there may no. 5 Jalan Bangsar Utama 1 be omissions or errors, both typographical 59000 Kuala Lumpur and in content and over time the contents 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)– 113 Malaysia may become superseded. Therefore this text should be used as a guide and not the OPERATIONAL ISSUES sole basis for management of plantations [email protected] 4.1 Enhancing Yield 113 http://www.rspo.org/ on peatlands. Implementation of these best practice guidance is voluntary and results 4.2 Transport Systems 119 will vary according to local situations. 4.3 Labour and Mechanization 128 First Edition in English, designed for digital Neither RSPO nor the PLWG or any screen, e-book, published june 2012 contributors or supporters of the process can 4.4 Training and Field Supervision 135 be held liable for the results of application of the guidance. 5.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)– 137 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RSPO would like to thank all PLWG members and the Co-Chairs 5.1 Conservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation 137 (Faizal Parish of GEC and Ibu Rosediana of IPOC) for the successful 5.2 Environmental Management 148 completion of this Manual and the contributions from the industry 5.3 Fire Prevention and Control 149 members in Malaysia and Indonesia. Special appreciations are extended to 5.4 Minimization of Green House Gas (GHG) 151 Dr Peter Lim who prepared much of the text related to chapters 3, Emissions from Oil Palm Plantations 4 and 6 and provided extensive inputs, case studies and photographs. 5.5 Social and Cultural Issues 154 Wetlands International and GEC provided much of the information in 5.6 Cooperation with Local Communities 161 chapter 5. Field visits were hosted by Sime Darby Berhad (Selangor, 5.7 Occupational Health and Safety Issues 163 Malaysia), Woodman Plantations Sdn Bhd (Sarawak, Malaysia) and Indonesia Palm Oil Council/Yayasan Elang (Riau, Indonesia). Significant contributions were made by industry representatives from companies 6.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs)– 167 and associations including MPOA and SAPPOA during stakeholder R&D, MONITORING AND DOCUMENTATION consultation meetings in Sarawak, Riau and Kuala Lumpur. Thanks are 6.1 Research and Development 167 given to the staff of GEC, IPOC and RSPO who supported activities 6.2 Monitoring and Reporting 168 and meetings of the PLWG. Photographs were mainly provided by 6.3 Documentation of Operating Procedures 171 Peter Lim, Gusti Z Anshari, Marcel Silvius, Jimmy Tan, Pupathy Uthrapathy Thandapani together with other PLWG members. Case studies and other inputs were provided by Sime 7.0 OIL PALM CULTIVATION 173 Darby, PT TH Indo Plantations, SIPEF Group and MPOB BY SMALLHOLDERS ON PEATLAND highlighting their experience with cultivation of oil palm on tropical peat soils. The compilation and editing of this Manual by Si Siew Lim of Grassroots is also acknowledged. — REFERENCES 176 Funding to support the PLWG was provided by the RSPO and a range of agencies from the UK Government. The input by staff of GEC was annex 1 Glossary & Abbreviations 184 supported through grants from IFAD-GEF (ASEAN Peatlands Forests annex 2 Resolution Adopted at 6th RSPO 186 Project) and the European Union (SEAPeat Project). General Assembly (2009) annex 3 Peatland Working Group (PLWG) 187 annex 4 Distribution of Peatlands in South East Asia 190 annex 5 Potential Impacts of Oil Palm Cultivation on Peatland 194 annex 6 Relevant RSPO Principles & Criteria 196 and National Interpretations annex 7 Relevant Indonesian and Malaysian Regulations 201 annex 8 Fire Prevention and Control 207 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INITIATION OF RSPO MANUAL FOR BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES This Manual has been prepared in response to the decision by the RSPO General Assembly (GA) in november 2009 (see annex 2 PAGE 186) to provide guidance to improve yields in existing oil palm cultivation on peat and to address issues related to GHG emissions, subsidence and other impacts that affect the potential sustainability of oil palm cultivation on peatlands. This Manual has been prepared through a consultative process 2 facilitated by the RSPO Peatland Working Group (PLWG) 3 (see annex 3 PAGE 187), which was established in april 2010 in response to the above GA decision. The PLWG held six meetings in different parts of Malaysia and Indonesia during the period april 2010 to september 2011. The PLWG collated experiences from RSPO members and non-member companies, visited oil palm plantations and smallholders on peat as well as organized public stakeholder consultation fora in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak to gather input for the preparation of this Manual. Preparation of the main drafts was facilitated by Peter Lim of PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro but amendments and contributions were received from a broad range of other PLWG members and external parties. Drafts were circulated for comment to a range of stakeholders. This Manual was finalized after 12 revisions to ensure balanced and practical views are taken into account. RSPO MANUAL ON BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs ) FOR EXISTING OIL PALM CULTIVATION ON PEAT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PURPOSE OF BMP MANUAL AND BENEFITS OF ADOPTION 1.3 BACKGROUND OF OIL PALM CULTIVATION ON PEATLAND The objective of this Manual is to provide a set of practical guidelines for Over the last 30 years, oil palm cultivation has rapidly expanded in Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are important for enhancing the SE Asia (particularly Indonesia and Malaysia) and currently covers about management of existing oil palm cultivation on tropical peat while at the 12.5 million hectares. Initially oil palm cultivation focused on mineral same time reducing environmental impacts especially GHG emissions and soils and peat soils were considered less suitable – partly due to poor subsidence. This BMP Manual is applicable to existing large plantations experience with initial cultivation. These problems were largely due to the and also medium and small-scale cultivation of oil palm on peat. lack of understanding of the structure and hydrology of these peatlands. This Manual draws on more than 30 years experience in SE Asia of In the early 1960s, plantation crops such as rubber and subsequently cultivation of oil palm on peatlands as well as drawing on recent research oil palm were planted on peat soils. Again, success was limited due to on GHG emissions and water management. It also draws on and refers the use of large drains to remove excess water. In 1986, the pioneering to existing national regulations and guidelines especially from Malaysia work of United Plantations in Peninsular Malaysia (Gurmit et al., 1986) and Indonesia – the countries with the largest areas of oil palm cultivated to introduce water control and nutritional management significantly on peatland. increased the potential for successful cultivation of oil palms on peat. This Manual is an initial step taken by RSPO to guide its members, In the past 20 years, a combination of development of new technologies particularly producers in responding to stakeholder concerns to promote for water management and agronomy for cultivating oil palm on peat the implementation of BMPs and reduce negative impacts related to oil as well as government planning decisions in some regions has led to the 4 palm cultivation on peat.
Recommended publications
  • Acop Digest 2012 / 2013

    Acop Digest 2012 / 2013

    ACOP DIGEST 2012 / 2013 A Snapshot of RSPO Members’ Annual Communications of Progress DISCLAIMER EDITED BY: This material and accompanying data is based on submissions from RSPO members Communications Division, which has not been independently verified and is provided by the RSPO and authors RSPO Secretariat without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. By making use of this material you do so at your own risk and you accept that the author shall not be liable for any claims, liabilities, losses, damages, costs or expenses of any kind arising. CONCEPT & DESIGN: Data from this report can be explored interactively on the RSPO website: Catalyze Sustainability Communications www.rspo.org/en/acop_2012-2013 OPENING ADDRESS he RSPO is once again pleased to publish the RSPO ACOP Digest (RAD) prior to RT11 based upon the data collated from the Annual Communications T of Progress (ACOP) reports that were submitted by its members. There was a significant increase in report submissions in tandem with the increased number of members in the RSPO, thus continuing the ascending inclination of compliancy towards the requirement to submit the ACOP reports. For this year, as per the Code of Conduct, only Ordinary and Affiliate Members that joined RSPO before the first of June 2012 were obligated to submit their respective ACOP reports. Members from all seven stakeholder categories were required to submit their ACOP 2012/2013 reports with the questions varying for each category to appropriately reflect the actual activities, distinctive contributions and level of commitment of each organization towards sustainable palm oil. The Time-Bound Plan (TBP) has always been an essential aspect within the ACOP process which will enable us to gauge the commitment by key stakeholders towards 100 percent RSPO certified sustainable palm oil, providing an indication on the pace of the RSPO toward achieving our vision of transforming markets to make sustainable palm oil the norm.
  • How Dirty Palm Oil Is Feeding the Climate and Extinction

    How Dirty Palm Oil Is Feeding the Climate and Extinction

    DYING FOR A COOKIE HOW DIRTY PALM OIL IS FEEDING THE CLIMATE AND EXTINCTION CRISIS ‘Wearetakingstepstoensurethatthepalmoilwebuyisproduced onlegallyheldland,doesnotleadtodeforestationorlossofpeat land,respectshumanrights,includinglandrights,anddoesnot useforcedorchildlabor.’ Mondelēz International Palm Oil Action Plan, June 2014 11 December 2016, PT Ladang Sawit Mas, 1°32’20.856”S 110°18’58.122”E: ©Ifansasti/Greenpeace Cover and right: March 2013, PT Ladang Sawit Mas:One of several orangutan rescue attempts by International Animal Rescue Indonesia in the Bumitama oil palm concession. ‘Theunsustainable useofnatural resourceshas causedadramatic declineofBornean orangutans[...]Our findingssuggest thatmorethan 100,000individuals havebeenlostinthe 16yearsbetween 1999and2015.’ Maria Voigt, researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, September 2017 CONTENTS CALLING TIME ON MONDELēZ 1 EYES WIDE SHUT: HOW CONSUMER BRANDS AND THE RSPO SUPPORT THE TRADE IN DIRTY PALM OIL 2 BUMITAMA AND ITS DIRTY SECRETS 5 Bumitama’s ownership, structure and landbank 4 Quantifying Bumitama’s forest loss liability 7 Bumitama’s and IOI’s response 7 CRUNCH TIME FOR MONDELĒZ AND THE PALM OIL SECTOR 8 BUMITAMA’S LAUNDERING OF A TOXIC LEGACY 12 Associated parties 13 Citro Utomo 13 Djoni Rusmin and Tommy Santoso 14 Nita Gartika and Janta Halim 16 CASE STUDIES 20 PT Gunajaya Harapan Lestari (PT GHL), West Kalimantan 20 PT Hatiprima Agro (PT HPA), Central Kalimantan 22 PT Golden Youth Plantation Indonesia (PT GYP) and PT Ladang Sawit Mas (PT LSM),
  • Bionomics of Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

    Bionomics of Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

    ANRV363-EN54-11 ARI 27 August 2008 20:44 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Bionomics of Bagworms ∗ (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Marc Rhainds,1 Donald R. Davis,2 and Peter W. Price3 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47901; email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 20013-7012; email: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5640; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2009. 54:209–26 Key Words The Annual Review of Entomology is online at bottom-up effects, flightlessness, mating failure, parthenogeny, ento.annualreviews.org phylogenetic constraint hypothesis, protogyny This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090448 Abstract Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. The bagworm family (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) includes approximately All rights reserved 1000 species, all of which complete larval development within a self- 0066-4170/09/0107-0209$20.00 enclosing bag. The family is remarkable in that female aptery occurs in ∗The U.S. Government has the right to retain a over half of the known species and within 9 of the 10 currently recog- nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any nized subfamilies. In the more derived subfamilies, several life-history copyright covering this paper. traits are associated with eruptive population dynamics, e.g., neoteny of females, high fecundity, dispersal on silken threads, and high level of polyphagy. Other salient features shared by many species include a short embryonic period, developmental synchrony, sexual segrega- tion of pupation sites, short longevity of adults, male-biased sex ratio, sexual dimorphism, protogyny, parthenogenesis, and oviposition in the pupal case.
  • SEBAGAI PEMANGSA LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK Oryctes Rhinoceros Linn

    SEBAGAI PEMANGSA LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK Oryctes Rhinoceros Linn

    BIOEKOLOGI Myopopone castanea Smith (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) SEBAGAI PEMANGSA LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) DISERTASI OLEH: WIDIHASTUTY NIM : 148104004 PROGRAM STUDI DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara BIOEKOLOGI Myopopone castanea Smith (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) SEBAGAI PEMANGSA LARVA KUMBANG TANDUK Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) DISERTASI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Doktor dalam Program Doktor Ilmu Pertanian pada Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara OLEH: WIDIHASTUTY NIM : 148104004 Program Doktor (S3) Ilmu Pertanian PROGRAM STUDI DOKTOR ILMU PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DISERTASI Judul Disertasi Bioekologi Myopopone castanea Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Sebagai Pemangsa Larva Kumbang Tanduk Orycles rhinoceros Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Nama Mahasiswa Widihastuty NIM 148104m4 Program Studi Doktor (S3) Ilmu Pertanian Menyetujui Komisi Pembimbing Co.Promotor Co-Promotor Tanggal Lulus; 13 Januari2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara Diuji pada Ujian Disertasi Terbuka (Promosi Doktor) Tanggal: 03 September 2020 PANITIA PENGUJI DISERTASI Pemimpin Sidang: Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, SH, M.Hum (Rektor USU) Ketua : Prof. Dr. Dra. Maryani Cyccu Tobing, M.S. Universitas Sumatera Utara Anggota : Dr. Ir. Marheni, M.P. Universitas Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Ir. Retna Astuti Kuswardani,
  • The Green Tigers

    The Green Tigers

    The Green Tigers Which Southeast Asian Companies Will Prosper in the New Age of Forest Conservation? UPDATE OCTOBER 2014 Which Southeast Asian companies will prosper in the new age of forest conservation? © DeanBirinyi / istockphoto.com THE GREEN TIGERS Which Southeast Asian companies will prosper in the new age of forest conservation? By Glenn Hurowitz Southeast Asia’s economies are roaring. The rise of the so-called “Asian tiger” economies has been one of the most profound developments in global business over the past half-century. But even as the region grows, the manner of its growth is imperiling its future prosperity. Too much of Asia’s growth has relied upon defor- estation and pollution. Instead of pursuing lasting development, many countries and companies in the region have favored “spreadsheet development” that prioritizes goosing national gross domestic prod- uct numbers at the expense of making a positive impact on the communities where it occurs. Southeast Asia is by no means unique in pursuing this model, but it is possibly the place where it is followed most energetically—and with the most visible consequences. Too many companies are still putting the region’s environment and economy at risk through continued deforestation and other irresponsible practices. But some countries and companies are choosing a different path. They are adapting to the revolutionized global market by evolving to ensure that their growth does not come at the expense of forests. These are the Green Tigers – and they are set to roar for decades to come. There is great urgency behind this corporate evolution: Deforestation for palm oil and paper plantations has turned the region into a tinderbox.
  • Bunch Moth, Tirathaba Rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation Census from Oil Palm Plantation on Peat Soil in Sarawak

    Bunch Moth, Tirathaba Rufivena (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Infestation Census from Oil Palm Plantation on Peat Soil in Sarawak

    Serangga20(1): 43-53 ISSN 1394-5130 © 2015, Centre for Insects Systematic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia BUNCH MOTH, TIRATHABA RUFIVENA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFESTATION CENSUS FROM OIL PALM PLANTATION ON PEAT SOIL IN SARAWAK Zulkefli Masijan, Norman Kamarudin, Ramle Moslim, Alindra Gerald Sintik, Siti Nurul Hidayah Ahmad and Siti Ramlah Ahmad Ali Biological Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Corresponding email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tirathaba rufivena is the major pest in oil palm plantation planted in peat soil in Sarawak. High infestation was reported in Miri, Mukah and Sibu. Censuses on the infestation of T. rufivena were conducted at three different locations, i.e. in Miri (young palm), Mukah (mature palm) and Sibu (ablation samples). Samples for census were taken from infested bunches, female and male inflorescences. The census was done by chopping the bunches and the female inflorescences while for the male inflorescences, the bottom of spikelets were cut to determine the number of live larvae and pupae. The census 44 Serangga reveiled that in Sibu, a high infestation of T. rufivena was found on male inflorescences compared to bunches of female inflorescences. The mean number of live larvae found in male inflorescences for the first and second day of census recorded 35.3 ± 15.7 and 14.0 ± 7.3, respectively. The highest number of live larvae recorded from male inflorescences was 207 and 65, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean number of live larvae from infested bunches and female inflorescences on the first day were 9.9 ± 3.5 and 19.4 ± 4.4, respectively.
  • Emerging and Re-Emerging Biotic Stresses of Agricultural Crops in India and Novel Tools for Their Better Management

    Emerging and Re-Emerging Biotic Stresses of Agricultural Crops in India and Novel Tools for Their Better Management

    GENERAL ARTICLES Emerging and re-emerging biotic stresses of agricultural crops in India and novel tools for their better management J. Kumar*, R. K. Murali-Baskaran, S. K. Jain, P. N. Sivalingam, J. Mallikarjuna, Vinay Kumar, K. C. Sharma, J. Sridhar, P. Mooventhan, A. Dixit and P. K. Ghosh Food security of our country is at risk due to heavy yield losses of agricultural crops caused by pests and diseases known together as biotic stresses. Conventional management practices in vogue are not competent under the current situations obscured by the incitants of biotic stresses which have either enhanced their offensive capabilities due to adaptive mutations or regained their patho- genic/herbivory potential owing to climate change. Numerous causal agents of biotic stresses are also introduced in the country or new regions of the country either through natural dispersal as invasive species, or on account of quarantine irregularities at national or international levels. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to appraise the impact of these new biotic stresses burgeoned in the recent past and to develop novel technologies for their management. To devise an effective preventive and eradicative strategy for containing these biotic stresses, new research innovations need to be practiced such as deciphering basic/molecular mechanism of host-pathogen/insect inte- ractions; endophytic mechanisms of plant protection; nanotechnology in pest management; host resistance strengthening by gene cloning, recombinant DNA technologies, RNA biology, utilizing gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, etc. This article presents a comprehensive account of new biotic stresses of agricultural crops built up in the country and also reviews the novel scien- tific inventions made worldwide which can be further employed to devise more efficient methods for alleviating impact of these biotic stresses of food crops in the country.
  • The Green Tigers

    The Green Tigers

    The Green Tigers Which Southeast Asian Companies Will Prosper in the New Age of Forest Conservation? SEPTEMBER 2014 Which Southeast Asian companies will prosper in the new age of forest conservation? © DeanBirinyi / istockphoto.com THE GREEN TIGERS Which Southeast Asian companies will prosper in the new age of forest conservation? By Glenn Hurowitz Southeast Asia’s economies are roaring. The rise of the so-called “Asian tiger” economies has been one of the most profound developments in global business over the past half-century. But even as the region grows, the manner of its growth is imperiling its future prosperity. Too much of Asia’s growth has relied upon defor- estation and pollution. Instead of pursuing lasting development, many countries and companies in the region have favored “spreadsheet development” that prioritizes goosing national gross domestic prod- uct numbers at the expense of making a positive impact on the communities where it occurs. Southeast Asia is by no means unique in pursuing this model, but it is possibly the place where it is followed most energetically—and with the most visible consequences. Too many companies are still putting the region’s environment and economy at risk through continued deforestation and other irresponsible practices. But some countries and companies are choosing a different path. They are adapting to the revolutionized global market by evolving to ensure that their growth does not come at the expense of forests. These are the Green Tigers – and they are set to roar for decades to come. There is great urgency behind this corporate evolution: Deforestation for palm oil and paper plantations has turned the region into a tinderbox.
  • Unilever Palm Oil Mill List

    Unilever Palm Oil Mill List

    2017 Palm Oil Mills No. Mill Name Parent Company RSPO Certified Country Province District Latitude Longitude 1 ABDI BUDI MULIA PKS 1 AATHI BAGAWATHI MANUFACTURING SDN BHD No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 2.0512694 100.252339 2 ABEDON OIL MILL KRETAM HOLDING BERHAD Yes Malaysia Sabah Kinabatangan 5.312106 117.9741 3 ACEITES CIMARRONES SAS ACEITES S.A. Yes Colombia Meta Puerto Rico 3.035593889 -73.11146556 4 ACEITES MANUELITA YAGUARITO CI BIOCOSTA Yes Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa 3.882933 -73.341206 5 ACEITES MORICHAL CI BIOCOSTA No Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa 3.92985 -73.242775 6 ADELA POM FELDA No Malaysia Johor Kota Tinggi 1.552768 104.1873 7 ADHYAKSA DHARMASATYA ADHYAKSA DHARMASATYA No Indonesia Kalimantan Tengah Kotawaringin Timur -1.588931 112.861883 8 ADITYA AGROINDO AGRINDO No Indonesia Kalimantan Barat Ketapang -0.476029 110.151418 9 ADOLINA PTPN IV No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Serdang Bedagai 3.568533 98.94805 10 ADONG MILL WOODMAN GROUP No Malaysia Sarawak Miri 4.541035 114.119098 11 AEK BATU WILMAR No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.850583 100.1457 12 AEK LOBA SOCFIN INDONESIA Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Asahan 2.651389 99.617778 13 AEK NABARA RAJA GARUDA MAS Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.999722222 99.93972222 14 AEK NABARA SELATAN PTPN III Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 2.058056 99.955278 15 AEK RASO PTPN III Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.703883 100.172217 16 AEK SIBIRONG MAJU INDO RAYA No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Tapanuli Selatan 1.409317 98.85825 17 AEK SIGALA-GALA
  • The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia

    The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia

    MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT MALAYSIA THE STUDY ON NATIONAL WASTE MINIMISATION IN MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT Supporting Report – 2 Local Action Plan JULY 2006 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. EX CORPORATION EXCHANGE RATE US$1.00 = RM 3.629 (May 2006) US$1.00 = Yen 114.58 (May 2006) The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report Supporting Report - 2 The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report FINAL REPORT COMPOSITION The Final Report is composed of the following: 1. Summary 2. Volume I – Main Report 3. Volume II – Guidelines 4. Volume III – Pilot Projects 5. Supporting Report – 1 Additional Information 6. Supporting Report – 2 Local Action Plan This Report is “Supporting Report-2 Local Action Plan”. The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report Supporting Report - 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Abbreviations Part 1 Introduction Part 2 Issues and Measures for the preparation of Local Action Plan (LAP) Part 3 Local Action Plan in MB Miri Part 4 Local Action Plan in MP Pulau Pinang Part 5 Local Action Plan in MD Kinta Selatan Part 6 Local Action Plan in MP Subang Jaya i The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report Supporting Report - 2 Abbreviations AFSB Alam Flora Sdn Bhd A/P Action Plan CBO Community Based Organisation C/P Counterpart DB Dewan Bandaraya (City Hall) DBKL Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (Kuala Lumpur City Hall) DBKU Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (Kuching North City Hall) DSWM Division of Solid Waste
  • First Report of Two Chalcidoids Parasitizing Arecanut Inflorescence and Characterize the Indigenous Parasitoid Complex from a Single Pupa, 4 to 7 Numbers of E

    First Report of Two Chalcidoids Parasitizing Arecanut Inflorescence and Characterize the Indigenous Parasitoid Complex from a Single Pupa, 4 to 7 Numbers of E

    doi: 10.25081/jpc.2019.v47.i2.5784 Chalcidoid parasites to arecanut inflorescence caterpillar Short Scientific Report Journal of Plantation Crops, 2019, 47(2): 124-127 The knowledge on the parasitic associations whereas, 41 adults of E. punctulatus emerged from with T. mundella in arecanut ecosystem is meagre. eight parasitized pupae. While B. nephantidis is Hence, the present study was aimed to document solitary, E. punctulatus is a gregarious parasitoid. First report of two chalcidoids parasitizing arecanut inflorescence and characterize the indigenous parasitoid complex From a single pupa, 4 to 7 numbers of E. associated with T. mundella in Dakshina Kannada punctulatus emerged in the laboratory from field caterpillar, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) region of Karnataka state. collected pupae. In Kerala, Joy and Joseph (1973) from Karnataka, India Arecanut inflorescences infested with reported 6.5 per cent field parasitism by T. mundella were collected from a 15 years old B. nephantidis from Opisina arenosella Walker. 0 0 Gan et al. (2011) reported 20-30 per cent field level E. K. Saneera*, Chandrika Mohan1, Shreevihar Santhosh2 and Shivaji H. Thube garden (N 12 46.436'; E 075 06.586') comprising of Konkan collections located in the Research parasitism by E. puctulatus on Tirathaba rufivena Farm, ICAR-CPCRI Regional Station, Vittal, Walker in China. ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka -574243, India Karnataka, India. Sampling was done from The Genus Brachymeria Westwood is 1 December, 2016 to April, 2017 at fortnightly ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Regional Station, Kayamkulam, Kerala - 690502, India predominant with 200 species worldwide, which 2 intervals.
  • Study on Business Potential and Major Players of CPO Industry In

    Study on Business Potential and Major Players of CPO Industry In

    Hubungi Kami : 021 31930 108 021 31930 109 021 31930 070 [email protected] il palm industry is feasible to be decided as a perform plantation expansions and add total oil palm plants strategic commodity since it has given great (PKS) in order to raise the production capacity. Great role is O contribution towards the state income, to provide also played by PTPN and farmers’ oil palm plantations. job opportunities to 4 million heads of family or more than 16 million people. Therefore, Indonesian government Foreign exchanges produced from oil palm industry can actually should have provided its support for this business be increased more if Indonesia is able to raise oil palm advancement and protection from the attack of other productivity which is considered to be low since there are many parties. As the world largest producer of Crude Palm Oil old oil palm trees which need regeneration. Oil palm with production of 32 million tons and Palm Kernel Oil regeneration program through the assistance of fine seedling (PKO) of 3 million tons, Indonesia has a vast role to supply will produce additional value which is estimated to reach world’s foods and energy. Rp. 125 trillion per annum. Based on a research of CDMI that in the last six years Until 2017 from some 4.7 million hectares of farmers’ oil palm (2012 – 2017) the export of CPO and PKO kept on plantations, some 2.5 million hectares were less productive. increasing with fluctuating prices. In 2012, the export of Realizing this condition, the government has committed to CPO and PKO reached 20.30 million tons valued US$ 19.11 assist the farmers through the financing provided by Plantation billion while the export of CPO and PKO in 2017 amounted Fund Management Body (BPDP) of Oil Palm reaching Rp.