Razvoj in Vloga Lokalnih Novic Na Televiziji Slovenija
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UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Mariša Bizjak Razvoj in vloga lokalnih novic na Televiziji Slovenija Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2014 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Mariša Bizjak Mentorica: doc. dr. Vesna Laban Razvoj in vloga lokalnih novic na Televiziji Slovenija Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2014 Hvala tebi, dragi Bralec. Razvoj in vloga lokalnih novic na Televiziji Slovenija Magistrsko delo obravnava zgodovino, teme in regijsko razpršenost lokalnih novic na slovenski javni televiziji. V prvem delu opredeli razliko med lokalnimi mediji in lokalnimi novicami v nacionalnih medijih, pojasni delo televizijskih dopisnikov ter oriše kratek zgodovinski pregled nastanka dopisništev in oddaj dopisnikov na Televiziji Slovenija. Televizija je namreč osrednja institucija množičnega komuniciranja, javna televizija pa je po zakonu zavezana tudi k obveščanju o pomembnih lokalnih stvareh iz vseh slovenskih regij. Analiza prispevkov dopisnikov v obdobju 19952013 je pokazala, da v nasprotju s svojimi načeli javna televizija dogodkov in tem po Sloveniji ne pokriva enakomerno razpršeno in da so zato gledalci iz nekaterih regij prikrajšani za zanje pomembne informacije. Izkazalo se je, da je največji razlog za to odnos urednikov do posameznih tem, regij in predvsem novinarjev, ki to regijo pokrivajo. Kljub vsemu je spletna anketa pokazala, da ima med vsemi mediji Televizija Slovenija pomembno vlogo in da je po mnenju anketirancev pri posredovanju lokalnih novic daleč pred komercialnimi in tudi lokalnimi televizijami, ki se soočajo s kadrovskimi in finančnimi težavami. Večini vprašanih se zdi oddaja Slovenska kronika kakovostna, a si želijo več nekaterih tem (naravne in kulturne znamenitosti, »male« težave prebivalcev, nepravilnosti ljudi na pomembnih položajih, napovedi dogodkov, šport, turizem in kultura) in manj črne kronike. Pričujoče delo skuša osvetlili pogled na delo dopisnikov, dejavnike, ki vplivajo na oblikovanje oddaje, in mnenje gledalcev, ki za razliko od nekoč lahko izbirajo med številnimi informativnimi oddajami. Ključne besede: javna televizija, lokalne novice, dopisništvo, Slovenska kronika. Role and development of local news on TV Slovenia This thesis deals with history, themes and regional dispersal of local news on Slovenian public service television. The first part defines the difference between local media and local news in national media, explains the work of TV correspondents and describes a short historical view of how correspondences and correspondent shows were established on TV Slovenia. Television is a central institution of mass communication, public television is by law obliged to notify the public on important local events from all Slovenian regions. Analysis of contributions by correspondents (19952013) showed that in contrast to its principals, public service television does not equally cover events and local happenings from all regions and thus some viewers are deprived of news they consider important. It was shown that the biggest reason for this was the attitude of editors towards specific themes, regions and especially reporters, who cover that particular region. Despite this, a survey has shown that among all media, it was Television Slovenia, which holds an important role. According to people surveyed, when it comes to channeling local news, TV Slovenia was far ahead from commercial as well as local televisions, which often face staff and financial problems. Most interviewees find the show Slovenska kronika (Slovene chronicle) to be of high quality, but wish for certain themes to feature more often (natural and cultural sights, 'small' problems of inhabitants, wrongdoings by people in high places, events announcements, sport, tourism and culture) and less crime sections. This thesis attempts to shed some light on the work of correspondents, factors that influence how a show is made and opinions of viewers, who, unlike before, can choose from a number of news broadcasts. Key words: public service television, local news, correspondence, Slovene chronicle. KAZALO 1 UVOD ........................................................................................................................... 7 2 POSEBNOSTI TELEVIZIJE ................................................................................... 10 2.1 Dnevnoinformativne oddaje .............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Televizijski dejavniki objavne vrednosti ........................................................................... 11 2.3 Javna televizija .................................................................................................................. 12 3 LOKALNI MEDIJI VS. LOKALNE NOVICE V NACIONALNIH MEDIJIH . 13 3.1 Upadanje števila lokalnih medijev .................................................................................... 13 3.2 Finančne težave in kakovost lokalnih medijev .................................................................. 13 3.3 (Ne)odvisnost lokalnih medijev ........................................................................................ 14 3.4 Vpetost lokalnih medijev v okolje .................................................................................... 14 3.5 Doseg lokalnih medijev ..................................................................................................... 15 4 LOKALNO DOPISNIŠTVO .................................................................................... 16 4.1 Posebnosti televizijskega dopisništva ............................................................................... 16 5 DOPISNIŠTVO NA TELEVIZIJI SLOVENIJA ................................................... 19 5.1 Dopisništva po Sloveniji ................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Regionalni program TV Koper Capodistria ...................................................................... 24 5.3 Regionalni program TV Maribor ...................................................................................... 24 6 ODDAJE Z LOKALNIMI NOVICAMI ................................................................. 25 6.1 TV Obzornik (19581968) ................................................................................................ 26 6.2 Po Sloveniji (25. 4. 196829. 12. 1969) ........................................................................... 27 6.3 Obzornik (19701981) ...................................................................................................... 27 6.4 Naš kraj (6. 1. 197925. 12. 1983) .................................................................................... 27 6.5 Regijski obzorniki (19821986) ....................................................................................... 27 6.6 Slovenska kronika (4. 11. 199130. 4. 1993) ................................................................... 28 6.7 Po Sloveniji (5. 9. 199528. 12. 2000) ............................................................................. 29 6.8 Obzornik (10. 2. 199726. 3. 2000) .................................................................................. 31 6.9 Vaš kraj (27. 3. 200014. 4. 2003) .................................................................................... 31 6.10 »Ura resnice« (14. 4. 20037. 1. 2005) ........................................................................... 32 6.11 Slovenska kronika (od 10. 1. 2005) ................................................................................. 33 6.12 Lokalne novice na MMC portalu .................................................................................... 35 7 POMEN LOKALNIH NOVIC ZA GLEDALCE ................................................... 36 7.1 Lokalna skupnost .............................................................................................................. 36 5 7.2 Pomen oddaj z lokalnimi novicami za lokalno skupnost .................................................. 36 7.2.1 Gledanost oddaj z lokalnimi novicami v primerjavi z Dnevnikom ............................ 38 8 METODOLOGIJA .................................................................................................... 44 8.1 Vzorec analize ................................................................................................................... 44 8.2 Analiza tem ....................................................................................................................... 44 8.3 Spletno anketiranje ............................................................................................................ 47 8.4 Polstrukturirani poglobljeni intervju ................................................................................. 48 9 UGOTOVITVE ANALIZE ...................................................................................... 49 9.1 Zemljepisna struktura prispevkov ..................................................................................... 49 9.3 Tematska struktura prispevkov ......................................................................................... 52 9.3 Spletna anketa ................................................................................................................... 62 9.3.1 Vzorec ........................................................................................................................ 62 9.3.2 Rezultati spletne ankete .............................................................................................. 63 10 RAZPRAVA ............................................................................................................