DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomy and Physiology of Hair the Study of Hair

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anatomy and Physiology of Hair the Study of Hair Anatomy and Physiology of Hair The study of Hair Trichology is the study of hair and its diseases. Hair growth is affected by: Genetics Age Hormones Appendage of the skin – threadlike outgrowth of the skin and scalp Due to the absence of nerves, there is no sense of feeling in the hair. Much of the hair on the body is invisible to naked eye Hormonal influence on male/female hair growth patterns Characteristics Genetics influences – hair color, thickness, quality, of Hair growth rate Hair contains melanin, which determines hair color Hair on scalp grows an average of 0.35 mm. per day Hair provides the body protection from environmental factors and UV radiation. Types of Hair Lanugo hair: Soft hair covers the fetus in the womb Lanugo hair usually sheds a few weeks after birth and is replaced with vellus or terminal hairs. Vellus hair: Very soft, fine, non-pigmented hair found in areas such as women’s cheeks or forehead. (also known as peach fuzz) Removing vellus hair can result in the production of stronger pigmented terminal hair. It is not recommended to shave, wax, or tweeze vellus hair. Terminal hair: Long, thick, pigmented hair found on arms, legs, head, brows, lashes, scalp and genitals. Vellus hair turns into terminal hair during puberty. Vellus and Terminal Hair Both males and females have the same number of hair follicles. Males have more terminal hair Females have more vellus hair Over time, vellus hair can become terminal Laser hair removal works best on terminal hair Hair Shaft Components of Hair Root • Located below the surface of the skin. Shaft • Located above the surface of the skin. Hair Root The hair shaft is made up of a protein called Keratin, which is produced in the lower part of the hair follicle, known as the bulb. The hair follicle is made up of epidermal cells in the shape of a tube or canal which Structure of extends deep into the dermis. Hair The areas below the skin’s surface consist of: Arrector pili Sebaceous Follicle Hair Root Hair Bulb Hair Papilla muscle glands Hair bulb – thick, structure that surrounds the papilla in the Terminology lower part of the hair root. This is where the hair growth of Hair production occurs. Hair Papilla – cone shaped elevation at the base of the follicle. Fits into the bulb. Provides hair growth and nourishment to the follicle. Nutrients are carried by blood vessels to the base of the bulb, creating new hair growth. Arrector pili muscle – attached to the base of the hair follicle. This muscle is responsible for causing goosebumps when we feel cold or scared. The muscle contracts and pulls the follicle forcing the hair to stand. Sebaceous glands – attached to the follicle and responsible for lubricating the skin and hair. When the arrector pili muscle contracts, protective lipids from the sebaceous glands disperse onto the skin and hair. Moderate amounts of sebaceous oils are necessary for healthy skin and hair. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Hair color is determined by the amount of pigment called melanin found in hair, eyes, and skin. There are two forms of melanin: Eumelanin and Pheomelanin. Eumelanin – provides individuals black and brown pigment to the hair. What Primarily found in individuals Individuals with blonde hair Determines with darker skin types have very little eumelanin Hair Color? Pheomelanin – provides individuals red pigment to the hair. Primarily found in individuals with lighter skin type. How Melanin is Produced in Hair Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes found in the hair papilla. Each hair grows from a single follicle. As the hair is being formed, the melanocytes inject melanin into cells containing keratin. Keratin is the protein that is responsible for making our hair, skin, and nails. Differences in the types of melanin produce different hair colors. With age, the production of melanin reduces, and hair loses its color. Eventually the hair turns gray or white. Hair Growth Cycle Hair growth occurs in three stages: Anagen Phase: Growth stage in which new hair is produced This is the only phase in which laser hair removal is effective. Catagen Phase: Transitioning stage of hair growth. Hair grows upward and detaches itself. Telogen Phase: Resting stage in which hair moves up the follicle and appears above the skin’s surface. The hair may sit in the follicle or fall out. Once the hair sheds, the cycle repeats itself and goes back to the anagen phase. Every part of the body goes through the same three phases of the hair growth cycle. All three phases take place simultaneously since each hair follicle is independent and goes through a different phase at different times. Typically 80-90% the hair is in the Anagen phase, 1-2% is in the Catagen phase, and 10-14% is in the Telogen phase. Understanding Hair Growth Usually hair can grow from the papilla to the surface of the Cycle skin in about 6 to 12 weeks depending on its location. The longer the hair stays in the Anagen phase, the longer it will grow. Hair on the scalp can last for 3-7 years. The hair on legs, arms, and eyebrows can last 30-45 days. The Anagen is the only phase where laser hair removal is effective. It works best on coarse, dark black hair on a lighter skin type. Clients being treated should be informed that between 6-8 treatments may be required since not How Hair all hair will be in the anagen phase at the same time. Growth Treatments should be spaced out depending on the body area being treated. This is usually Relates to estimated at an interval equal to half the Telogen Lasers Phase. For areas on the face, treatments sessions should be 4-6 weeks apart. For underarms and bikini, treatment sessions should be 6-8 weeks apart. For areas on the legs and backs treatment sessions should be 8-10 weeks apart. Frequently Treated Areas of the Body Body area % Anagen % Telogen Duration of Follicle Density Follicle Depth Telogen Scalp 85% 15% 3 months 350/sq.cm 5-7mm Beard 70% 30% 3 months 500/sq.cm 2-4mm Upper Lip 65% 35% 6 weeks 500/sq.cm 1-2.5mm Axilla 30% 70% 3 months 65/sq.cm 4-5mm Chest/Back 30% 70% 9 months 70/sq.cm 2-5mm Breast 30% 70% 4 months 70/sq.cm 2-4mm Arms 20% 80% 6 months 80/sq.cm 2-4mm Legs 20% 80% 6 months 60/sq.cm 1-2.5mm Bikini 30% 70% 3 months 70/sq.cm 4-5mm Excessive Hair Growth Imbalance of hormones can lead to an excessive abnormal hair growth such as: Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis. Hirsutism Excessive hair growth of the hair, arms, and legs specially in women Hypertrichosis Excessive hair growth characterized by terminal or coarse hair in areas of the body where vellus hair is normally present. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) A condition in which women experience a hormonal imbalance causing them to produce higher levels of androgen, male hormones. Causes excessive hair growth in the following areas: Face Neck Chest Thighs Causes the following symptoms: Cysts on Lack of Depression Loss of hair Small breasts ovaries menstruation Permanent Hair Electrolysis Removal Methods of Hair Removal Permanent Hair Lasers Reduction Intense Pulse Light (IPL) The process of hair removal via electrical methods. Works by inserting small needles into hair follicles Electrolysis The only true method of permanently removing hair There are three Galvanic methods of Thermolysis Electrolysis: Blend Lasers and Intense Pulse Light (IPL) use concentrated rays of light to destroy growth cells of the hair bulb. A laser beam is emitted on the skin to damage hair follicles Lasers and It is most effective in the Anagen phase IPL Devices Lasers and IPL for hair removal are considered semi- permanent because the hair bulb is not always destroyed, causing regrowth in certain areas. Approximately 50-60% hair reduction can be seen after 12 weeks. The End.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Hair
    Chapter 2 Provisional chapter Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Anatomy and Physiology of Hair Bilgen Erdoğan ğ AdditionalBilgen Erdo informationan is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/67269 Abstract Hair is one of the characteristic features of mammals and has various functions such as protection against external factors; producing sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones; impact on social and sexual interactions; thermoregulation and being a resource for stem cells. Hair is a derivative of the epidermis and consists of two distinct parts: the follicle and the hair shaft. The follicle is the essential unit for the generation of hair. The hair shaft consists of a cortex and cuticle cells, and a medulla for some types of hairs. Hair follicle has a continuous growth and rest sequence named hair cycle. The duration of growth and rest cycles is coordinated by many endocrine, vascular and neural stimuli and depends not only on localization of the hair but also on various factors, like age and nutritional habits. Distinctive anatomy and physiology of hair follicle are presented in this chapter. Extensive knowledge on anatomical and physiological aspects of hair can contribute to understand and heal different hair disorders. Keywords: hair, follicle, anatomy, physiology, shaft 1. Introduction The hair follicle is one of the characteristic features of mammals serves as a unique miniorgan (Figure 1). In humans, hair has various functions such as protection against external factors, sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones production and thermoregulation. The hair also plays important roles for the individual’s social and sexual interaction [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • (PRP) Treatment for Female Androgenetic Alopecia: Review of the Literature
    medicina Review Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment for Female Androgenetic Alopecia: Review of the Literature Santo Raffaele Mercuri 1, Giovanni Paolino 1, Matteo Riccardo Di Nicola 1,* and Laura Vollono 2 1 Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (S.R.M.); [email protected] (G.P.) 2 Via Po 102, 00198 Rome, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Background: female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) is a common cause of non-scarring alopecia in women, affecting approximately 40% of women by age 50, bearing a significant psy- chosocial burden on affected patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely investigated as a potential effective treatment for several dermatological conditions, including male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA). However, few studies have been conducted focusing on the use of PRP in FAGA. The aim of this review was to identify reports that investigated the use of PRP for the treatment of FAGA. Methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to September 2020 have been searched using different combinations of the following terms: “androgenetic alopecia,” “FAGA,” “female pattern hair loss,” “platelet-rich fibrin,” “platelet-rich plasma,” and “PRP”. Results and conclusions: Eight (n = 8) clinical studies consistent with our research were identified. A total of 197 subjects has been enrolled in the included studies. All of them were adult female patients (mean age: 38.9) affected by female Citation: Mercuri, S.R.; Paolino, G.; Di Nicola, M.R.; Vollono, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Eyebrow Transplant
    Case Report J Cosmet Med 2020;4(1):46-50 https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2020.4.1.46 pISSN 2508-8831, eISSN 2586-0585 Eyebrow transplant Viroj Vong, MD H.H.H. Hair Transplant Center, Bangkok, Thailand Eyebrow compose of very unique characteristics hair. Only hair from lower nape of occipital scalp or very light pubic hair can match loosely as donor hair. Blonde hair or light color hair give better result. Black Asian hair is more difficult because of the contrast between skin and hair. Design eyebrow follow natural pattern, gender, direction within normal variation is very important to make it look natural. Donor hair can be done by 2 methods. Common one is H.H.H. FUE. FUE is done by extract each unit of hair follicle out from occipital scalp then transplant to eyebrow. Second is Strip harvesting by remove a piece of occipital scalp divide to follicular unit. Then transplant this unit to eyebrow. FUE produce no scar at the occipital scalp (Donor site). Strip harvesting produce a linear scar at the donor site (occipital scalp). Keywords: eyebrow; hair transplant Introduction tion and blood test. He consulted his gastrointestinal specialist in Britain, who confirmed that he was safe to undergo hair The patient was white, male, and 75 years old. He was not transplantation. His vital signs and blood test results for human happy with his eyebrows and thought they were too thin. He immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bleeding time, and coagulation recovered from Crohn’s disease of his colon. At the time of the time were all within their normal limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Hair Politics: an African Philosophical Analysis
    Gender and Hair Politics: An African Philosophical Analysis by Sharon Adetutu Omotoso, PhD [email protected] Institute of African Studies University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT One wonders if there is anything called philosophy of hair. It may be argued in some philosophy quarters, that to endorse any philosophy of hair is to strip philosophy of its intellectual nature, relegating it into realms of trivialities. While anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists and scholars in the sciences have attempted discussing hair issues, philosophers have paid minimal attention based largely on a claim that there are more important life issues to philosophize. While ‘head’ (ori in Yoruba language) as a concept in African Philosophy has been widely theorized, very little work has been done on hair as a part of the head. Consequently, this paper argues that the importance of hair in the development of social constructs of the body puts forth the need for a gendered study of its philosophy and politics. Politics of hair in Africa is interesting and highly debatable yet overlooked by existing literatures. Using methods of critical analysis, reflective argumentation, deconstruction and reconstruction to carefully consider social, economic, cultural and religious dimensions in the politics of hair among men and women, this work draws out the implications for Africa’s holistic development. Dr Sharon Adetutu OMOTOSO is currently with the Gender Studies Program at the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria where she coordinates the Women’s Research and Documentation Centre (WORDOC). She is a a Chartered Mediator & Conciliator, Senior Research Fellow Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique (IFRA) and Research Fellow (Gender/Women Issues) of the Ibadan School of Government and Public Policy (ISGPP).
    [Show full text]
  • Hair Loss in Infancy
    SCIENCE CITATIONINDEXINDEXED MEDICUS INDEX BY (MEDLINE) EXPANDED (ISI) OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI DERMATOLOGIA MEDICA, CHIRURGICA, ESTETICA E DELLE MALATTIE SESSUALMENTE TRASMESSE (SIDeMaST) VOLUME 149 - No. 1 - FEBRUARY 2014 Anno: 2014 Lavoro: 4731-MD Mese: Febraury titolo breve: Hair loss in infancy Volume: 149 primo autore: MORENO-ROMERO No: 1 pagine: 55-78 Rivista: GIORNALE ITALIANO DI DERMATOLOGIA E VENEREOLOGIA Cod Rivista: G ITAL DERMATOL VENEREOL G ITAL DERMATOL VENEREOL 2014;149:55-78 Hair loss in infancy J. A. MORENO-ROMERO 1, R. GRIMALT 2 Hair diseases represent a signifcant portion of cases seen 1Department of Dermatology by pediatric dermatologists although hair has always been Hospital General de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain a secondary aspect in pediatricians and dermatologists 2Universitat de Barcelona training, on the erroneous basis that there is not much in- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain formation extractable from it. Dermatologists are in the enviable situation of being able to study many disorders with simple diagnostic techniques. The hair is easily ac- cessible to examination but, paradoxically, this approach is often disregarded by non-dermatologist. This paper has Embryology and normal hair development been written on the purpose of trying to serve in the diag- nostic process of daily practice, and trying to help, for ex- ample, to distinguish between certain acquired and some The full complement of hair follicles is present genetically determined hair diseases. We will focus on all at birth and no new hair follicles develop thereafter. the data that can be obtained from our patients’ hair and Each follicle is capable of producing three different try to help on using the messages given by hair for each types of hair: lanugo, vellus and terminal.
    [Show full text]
  • Vellus Hair Study Template
    VELLUS HAIR STUDY TEMPLATE 1 BrighTex Bio-Photonics Your Artificial Intelligence Company ABSTRACT The objective of this clinical study is to assess the re-growth of Vellus hair in four weeks after single use of the Vellus Hair removal device by Group A and efficacy of the Vellus Hair removal device to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, brighten dark spots and correct uneven skin tone following four weeks and eight weeks of continued use, as once in a week by Group B. Measurements for Group A and B are assessed at Baseline (Before use of Vellus hair removal device), Immediate (Immediately after use of Vellus hair removal device), and Week 4 and at Week 8 only for Group B by BrighTex Bio Photonics Clarity Research 3D system and D – Squame measurements are recorded. Subjects in Group A will use the Vellus Hair removal device once in the laboratory and will return after 4 weeks to assess the regrowth of Vellus hair. It was concluded that there was no increase in the hair pixels and surface area at Week 4 compared to baseline. Hence, the density of the Vellus hair did not increase from baseline for Group A. Subjects in Group B will return after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of once in a week device use to assess changes in fine lines, wrinkles, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. It was concluded that the Hair Pixels and Surface Area at Immediate, Week 4 and Week 8, % of subjects showed improvement from range 74.10% - 84.70% whereas for Wrinkles - 2D Fine wrinkles average length showed improvement at Week 4 and Week 8 for Group B, % of subjects showed improvement from range 48.30% - 51.90%.
    [Show full text]
  • 11A. GI Manifestations of Psychologic Disorders
    11A. GI Manifestations of Psychologic Disorders Meredith Hitch, MD Robert Rothbaum, MD I. Psychogenic Associations Many psychological disorders have associated gastrointestinal manifestations. While evaluating a child for chronic abdominal pain, it is important to consider psychologic as well as organic etiologies for the symptoms II. Mood Disorder and Anxiety—Chronic Abdominal Pain A. There is a vicious cycle involving chronic pain, depression, and anxiety, each provoking the other B. Anxiety disorder is found in 80% of children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in some studies C. Depressive symptoms found in 40% of children with RAP D. Possible explanations 1. Pain evokes mood and anxiety disorders 2. Affective disorders cause or exacerbate pain 3. A common biological predisposition underlies both problems 4. Common characteristics of both include somatization, social stress, and poor coping E. Life stressors provoke 1. Physiologic stress response with increased ccorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) 2. CRF causes ↑ intestinal motility, hyperalgesia, psychoemotional inflammatory responses F. Typical life stresses 1. Maternal separation 2. Conflicting maternal relationships 3. Abusive environments – sexual or physical 4. Traumatic events – death, major illness, geographic dislocation 5. Marital discord 6. Peer pressure 7. Perfectionism III. Pathologic Aerophagia—Abdominal Distension A. Symptoms: eructation, abdominal cramping, flatulence, chronic diarrhea B. Tympanitic abdomen with very hyperactive bowel sounds C. Plain abdominal film showing uniform gassy distension from esophagus to rectum, without air fluid levels D. Hallmarks: 1. Increasing abdominal distension throughout the day 2. Increased flatus at night E. Visable air swallowing is often subtle and hard to detect F. Signs of abuse or stress IV. Mental Retardation/Anxiety/Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)— Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome A.
    [Show full text]
  • Diffuse Hair Loss in an Adult Female: Approach to Diagnosis and Management
    Review DDiffuseiffuse hhairair llossoss iinn aann aadultdult ffemale:emale: AApproachpproach ttoo Article ddiagnosisiagnosis andand managementmanagement SShyamhyam BBehariehari SShrivastavahrivastava Department of Dermatology ABSTRACT Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Telogen efß uvium (TE) is the most common cause of diffuse hair loss in adult females. TE, Hospital, Delhi, India along with female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and chronic telogen efß uvium (CTE), accounts for the majority of diffuse alopecia cases. Abrupt, rapid, generalized shedding of normal AAddressddress forfor ccorrespondence:orrespondence: Dr. Shyam Behari club hairs, 2–3 months after a triggering event like parturition, high fever, major surgery, etc. Shrivastava, Department of indicates TE, while gradual diffuse hair loss with thinning of central scalp/widening of central Dermatology Venereology parting line/frontotemporal recession indicates FPHL. Excessive, alarming diffuse shedding and Leprosy, Dr Baba Sahib coming from a normal looking head with plenty of hairs and without an obvious cause is the Ambedkar Hospital, hallmark of CTE, which is a distinct entity different from TE and FPHL. Apart from complete Delhi, India. E-mail: drshrivastavasb@ blood count and routine urine examination, levels of serum ferritin and T3, T4, and TSH should yahoo.com be checked in all cases of diffuse hair loss without a discernable cause, as iron deÞ ciency and thyroid hormone disorders are the two common conditions often associated with diffuse hair loss, and most of the time, there are no apparent clinical features to suggest them. CTE is often confused with FPHL and can be reliably differentiated from it through biopsy which shows a normal histology in CTE and miniaturization with signiÞ cant reduction of terminal to vellus hair ratio (T:V < 4:1) in FPHL.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Acquisita Preceding the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
    Volume 26 Number 10| October 2020| Dermatology Online Journal || Letter 26(10):19 Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita preceding the diagnosis of breast cancer A Jibbe1 MD, N Hoang2 BS, N Jibbe3 HSD, T Wang1 MD Affiliations: 1Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA, 2University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA, 3Wichita State University, Witchita, Kansas, USA Corresponding Author: Ting Wang-Weinman MD, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop #2025, Kansas City, KS 66160, Tel: 913-588-3840, Email: [email protected] Keywords: hypertrichosis, cutaneous paraneoplastic history of malignancy, notably breast cancer syndrome, malignant down, breast cancer diagnosed in her great-grandmother, grandmother, great-aunt, and two of her cousins. Physical examination revealed an abundance of thin, soft, To the Editor: nonpigmented hair covering the face (Figure 1). Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita (HLA) is a Cancer immunohistochemistry revealed 95% cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by a growth of long, thin, and nonpigmented hair covering the face and extending into the trunk and extremities. Malignancies of the lung, colon, and breast are most common with HLA, though other malignancies have been described [1,2]. Because of HLA’s insidious and asymptomatic course, diagnosis can take up to two years [1]. Paraneoplastic conditions involving the skin are readily accessible and identifiable. With approximately 70 cases in the literature, clinicians may be unfamiliar with HLA. Nonetheless, recognition and early diagnosis of cancer are crucial in improving overall outcomes. We report a case of HLA to emphasize the importance of screening for HLA to shorten the delay in diagnosis. Case Synopsis A 38-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of facial hair growth.
    [Show full text]
  • It's Not Just Hair: Historical and Cultural Considerations for an Emerging Technology
    Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 75 Issue 1 Symposium on Legal Disputes Over Article 4 Body Tissue December 1999 It's Not Just Hair: Historical and Cultural Considerations for an Emerging Technology Deborah Pergament Cook County Office of the Public Guardian Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Cultural Heritage Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Race Commons, Law and Society Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Deborah Pergament, It's Not Just Hair: Historical and Cultural Considerations for an Emerging Technology, 75 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 41 (1999). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol75/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. IT'S NOT JUST HAIR: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY DEBORAH PERGAMENT* INTRODUCTION Nothing is more indicative of the importance currently being attached to hair growth by the general populace than the barrage of cases reaching the courts evidencing the attempt by one segment of society to control the plumage of another. -Justice William 0. Douglas Justice Douglas wrote those lines twenty-five years ago during a time when the nation and the court were examining the right of the state to control the appearance and actions of individuals purposefully attempting to flaunt social conventions about gender, race, and status through both action and physical appearance.' Nothing symbolized the struggle more than the long flowing tresses of white youths identified with the hippie movement 2 or the large "Afro" hairstyles of prominent African-American radical activists like Angela Davis.
    [Show full text]
  • ED368492.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 492 PS 6-2 243 AUTHOR Markel, Howard; And Others TITLE The Portable Pediatrician. REPORT NO ISBN-1-56053-007-3 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 407p. AVAILABLE FROMMosby-Year Book, Inc., 11830 Westline Industt.ial Drive, St. Louis, MO 63146 ($35). PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) Reference Materials Vocabularies/Classifications/Dictionaries (134) Books (010) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents; Child Caregivers; *Child Development; *Child Health; *Children; *Clinical Diagnosis; Health Materials; Health Personnel; *Medical Evaluation; Pediatrics; Reference Materials; Symptoms (Individual Disorders) ABSTRACT This ready reference health guide features 240 major topics that occur regularly in clinical work with children nnd adolescents. It sorts out the information vital to successful management of common health problems and concerns by presentation of tables, charts, lists, criteria for diagnosis, and other useful tips. References on which the entries are based are provided so that the reader can perform a more extensive search on the topic. The entries are arranged in alphabetical order, and include: (1) abdominal pain; (2) anemias;(3) breathholding;(4) bugs;(5) cholesterol, (6) crying,(7) day care,(8) diabetes, (9) ears,(10) eyes; (11) fatigue;(12) fever;(13) genetics;(14) growth;(15) human bites; (16) hypersensitivity; (17) injuries;(18) intoeing; (19) jaundice; (20) joint pain;(21) kidneys; (22) Lyme disease;(23) meningitis; (24) milestones of development;(25) nutrition; (26) parasites; (27) poisoning; (28) quality time;(29) respiratory distress; (30) seizures; (31) sleeping patterns;(32) teeth; (33) urinary tract; (34) vision; (35) wheezing; (36) x-rays;(37) yellow nails; and (38) zoonoses, diseases transmitted by animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Hair in Personal Identification and Documenting Drug and Substance Abuse
    © Kamla-Raj 2010 Anthropologist, 12(1): 47-58 (2010) Human Hair in Personal Identification and Documenting Drug and Substance Abuse Jaydip Sen Department of Anthropology, University of North Bengal, P.O.: N.B.U., Raja Rammohunpur 734 013, District Darjeeling, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected] KEYWORDS Human Hair, Hair Structure and Formation. Hair Types. Forensic. Drugs. Problems. Future Directions ABSTRACT Human hair has played a significant role in forensic anthropology for decades. The morphological characteristics of human hair have long been utilized for personal identification in forensic investigations. With the development of better analytical techniques, hairs samples are also being used to understand and solve instances of poisoning, drug and substance abuse. This communication presents a brief outline of the structure of various types of hair, its formation and growth, along with its various types. The issues of hair as an evidence, its transfer, utility and significance of its morphological variables are discussed. The importance of hair in documenting exposure to drug and substance abuse is also highlighted. The main advantages and disadvantages of using hair as evidence are also discussed. INTRODUCTION on the head, pubic region, arms, legs, and other body areas. Human hair has a significant potential in forensic anthropology and has been extensively HAIR STRUCTURE used in forensic investigations. Investigators believe that their presence can associate a Hair is a biological polymer with over ninety suspect to a victim or a suspect/victim to a crime percent of its dry weight being made up of keratin scene primarily because hairs can be transferred protein.
    [Show full text]