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A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development
Review A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development Fuad Un-Noor 1, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban 2,*, Lucian Mihet-Popa 3, Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah 1 and Eklas Hossain 4,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; [email protected] (F.U.-N.); [email protected] (M.N.M.) 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa 3 Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, Kobberslagerstredet 5, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway; [email protected] 4 Department of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy, Oregon Tech, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (E.H.); Tel.: +27-79-219-9845 (S.P.); +1-541-885-1516 (E.H.) Academic Editor: Sergio Saponara Received: 8 May 2017; Accepted: 21 July 2017; Published: 17 August 2017 Abstract: Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. -
Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors
applied sciences Article Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors Jose del C. Julio-Rodríguez * , Alfredo Santana-Díaz. * and Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza * School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Toluca 50110, Mexico * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.d.C.J.-R.); [email protected] (A.S.-D.); [email protected] (R.A.R.-M.) Abstract: In-wheel motor technology has reduced the number of components required in a vehicle’s power train system, but it has also led to several additional technological challenges. According to kinematic laws, during the turning maneuvers of a vehicle, the tires must turn at adequate rotational speeds to provide an instantaneous center of rotation. An Electronic Differential System (EDS) controlling these speeds is necessary to ensure speeds on the rear axle wheels, always guaranteeing a tractive effort to move the vehicle with the least possible energy. In this work, we present an EDS developed, implemented, and tested in a virtual environment using MATLAB™, with the proposed developments then implemented in a test car. Exhaustive experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed EDS design significantly improves the test vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics and energy consumption. This paper’s main contribution consists of designing an EDS for an in-wheel motor electric vehicle (IWMEV), with motors directly connected to the rear axle. The design demonstrated effective energy management, with savings of up to 21.4% over a vehicle without EDS, while at the same time improving longitudinal dynamic performance. Citation: Julio-Rodríguez, J.d.C.; Keywords: electric vehicles; electromobility; in-wheel motors; electronic differential; wheel-speed Santana-Díaz., A.; Ramirez-Mendoza, control; powertrain; energy consumption; automotive control; vehicle dynamics control R.A. -
March 25, 2021 Mr. Jeffrey Giuseppe Associate Administrator For
American Honda Motor Co., Inc. 1919 Torrance Boulevard Torrance, CA 90501-2746 Phone (310) 783-2000 March 25, 2021 Mr. Jeffrey Giuseppe Associate Administrator for Enforcement National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Attn: Recall Management Division (NVS-215) 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, D.C. 20590 Re: Part 573, Defect Information Report 2018 – 2020 Model Year Acura and Honda Vehicles Fuel Pump Dear Mr. Giuseppe: In accordance with the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and 49 CFR Part 573 Defect and Noncompliance and Responsibility Reports, Honda is submitting the enclosed Defect Information Report regarding a safety recall expansion of certain 2018 – 2020 model year Acura and Honda vehicles to address a defect with the fuel pump. If you have any questions about this report, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely, AMERICAN HONDA MOTOR CO., INC. Jeff Chang Senior Manager Product Regulatory Office JC:wvt Defect Information Report 573.6(c)(1) Name of manufacturer: Honda de México, S.A. de C.V. Honda Manufacturing of Alabama, LLC. Honda Manufacturing of Indiana, LLC. Honda of America Mfg., Inc. Honda of Canada Mfg. Honda of the UK Manufacturing Ltd. Manufacturer's agent: Jeff Chang American Honda Motor Co., Inc. 1919 Torrance Blvd. Torrance, CA 90501-2746 573.6(c)(2) Identification of potentially affected vehicles: Make/Model Model Year Dates of Manufacture Number of Vehicles Acura ILX 2019 10/04/2018 to 07/18/2019 6,383 Acura MDX 2019 10/31/2018 to 06/24/2019 16,369 Acura MDX 2020 08/16/2019 to 09/13/2019 3 -
Porsche 718 Cayman
Porsche 718 Cayman U.S. Press Information Contents Highlights The new 2017 Porsche 718 Cayman 3 More performance, More powerful and performance-oriented with new 5 further enhanced turbocharged four-cylinder engines: the new 2017 718 Cayman driving dynamics Engine and Abundant torque and free-revving nature: the new 6 transmission turbocharged flat-four cylinder engines Chassis and New tuning and calibration for greater precision and 10 assistance systems agility Design and Sharpened design distinguishes the new generation of 13 interior features mid-engined sports car Specifications 15 Highlights The new 2017 Porsche 718 Cayman With the 2017 718 Cayman, Porsche is introducing the third generation of the mid-engine sports coupe. Like the 2017 718 Boxster, the 718 Cayman is powered by new turbocharged flat four-cylinder engines. Visually and technically, the 718 Boxster and 718 Cayman are closer than ever before. The completely retuned chassis, larger brakes and the distinctive sound enhance agility as well as driving pleasure. Sharper styling and an uprated interior give the 718 Cayman a more striking and athletic appearance. For the first time, the 718 Cayman is now priced below the 718 Boxster – similar to the 911 Coupe and Cabriolet models. The 2017 718 Cayman’s MSRP is $53,900 plus $1,050 delivery processing and handling fee, and the Cayman S retails for $66,300 plus $1,050 delivery, processing and handling fee. Powertrain 718 Cayman with two-liter, turbocharged flat four-cylinder engine delivering 300 hp. 718 Cayman S with 2.5-liter, turbocharged flat four-cylinder engine with VTG (variable turbine geometry) making 350 hp. -
Road Hugger by JOE SAGE Dles Are Quite a Reach, Even If You’Re Tall
SPECIFICATIONS* surface street driving in San Diego. Positive impressions of Genesis G70’s perform- ENGINE ...................................3.3-liter VVT twin-turbo V6 DRIVETRAIN....................................RWD (AWD available) ance, premium fit, finish and features as experi- HP/TORQUE ............................................365 hp / 376 lb-ft not to confuse a multiple-vehicle driver. Door han- enced in Oregon were all reconfirmed during our TRANSMISSION...............8-spd auto, paddles, rev-match Road hugger BY JOE SAGE dles are quite a reach, even if you’re tall. week here. Smart cruise is well implemented, rec- 0-TO-60 MPH....................................................4.5 seconds SUSPENSION .................F: MacPherson strut w coils and t’s been a couple of years now since Hyundai start as high as $52,250. All-wheel drive, available We zeroed out at the Scottsdale Airpark and hit ognizing what is or isn’t in front of you and wheth - gas-charged dampers; R: 5-link independent I split Genesis off as its own brand. The former on most, is a $2000 item. A six-speed manual is the road about 6pm on Saturday, having decided to er you’re changing lanes, even through the steep- STEERING ................................rack mounted motor driven Hyundai Genesis became the Genesis G80 and the available only on the RWD 2.0T Sport ($37,900). check fuel mileage, since this would be a long est and most winding highway climbs in Califor - BRAKES ................Brembo ventilated F/R, sizes unknown WHEELS / TIRES ...19" alloy F: 225/40R19 / R: 255/35R19 former Hyundai Equus the Genesis G90. Sales are Genesis G70 is strong, lightweight, has the speed enough trip to make results meaningful. -
SCCA® National Solo® Rules
SCCA® National Solo® Rules 2020 EDITION Sports Car Club of America® Solo® Department 6620 SE Dwight St. Topeka, KS 66619 (800) 770-2055 (785) 232-7228 Fax www.scca.com Copyright 2020 by the Sports Car Club of America, Inc®. All rights re- served. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Forty-seventh printing, January, 2020. Published by: Sports Car Club of America, Inc.® 6620 SE Dwight St. Topeka, KS 66619 www.scca.com 1-800-770-2055 (785) 357-7222 The SCCA® National Solo® Rules may be downloaded from the SCCA® website at www.scca.com. Published in the United States of America. This book is the property of: Name _____________________________________________ Address ____________________________________________ City/State/Zip ________________________________________ Region _____________________________________________ Member # __________________________________________ SCCA Welcoming Environment Statement The Mission of the SCCA is to fuel a safe, fun and excit- ing motorsports experience for auto enthusiasts. Our Vision is to be the preferred motorsports community in the U.S., built on fun, shared passion and access to an exhilarating motorsports experience. In all its activities, the SCCA seeks to foster an atmosphere that encourages living the Values of the SCCA: Excellence – The Spirit of a Competitor Service – The Heart of a Volunteer Passion – The Attitude of an Enthusiast Team – The Art of Working Together Experience – The Act of Wowing our Community Stewardship – The Mindset of an Owner To that end, the SCCA strives to ensure that ALL partici- pants in its events and activities enjoy a welcoming en- vironment. -
Embedded System Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Electronic Differential System for Electric Vehicles
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2017 Embedded System Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Electronic Differential System for Electric Vehicles Ali UYSAL Emel SOYLU Technology Faculty, Department of Mechatronics Technology Faculty, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Karabük University Engineering, Karabük University Karabük, TURKEY Karabük, TURKEY Abstract—This paper presents an experimental study of the mechanical differential, torque is not limited by the least- electronic differential system with four-wheel, dual-rear in wheel wheeled wheel, fast response time, accurate information on motor independently driven an electric vehicle. It is worth torque per wheel [2]. bearing in mind that the electronic differential is a new technology used in electric vehicle technology and provides better In this work, the intelligent supervised EDS for electric balancing in curved paths. In addition, it is more lightweight vehicles is designed and realized. There are studies in this issue than the mechanical differential and can be controlled by a single in the literature. This technology has many applications and controller. In this study, intelligently supervised electronic vehicle performance has been improved with successful differential design and control is carried out for electric vehicles. applications. The movement of this earthmoving truck is Embedded system is used to provide motor control with a fuzzy provided by an electric drive system consisting of two logic controller. High accuracy is obtained from experimental independent electric motors. Providing a maximum power of study. 2700 kW, these engines are controlled to adjust their speed when cornering, thereby increasing traction and reducing tire Keywords—Electronic differential; electric vehicle; embedded wear. -
AMW Newsletter Vol.15 – Fall 2014
Since 1999 ALLARD MOTOR WORKS Vol. 15 - Fall, 2014 NEWSLETTER Topping Things Up - A New Option Allard Motor Works (AMW) is currently exploring the possibil- would feature a full windshield with a t-top back- ity of introducing an ‘all-weather’ roof option to provide owners bone, allowing for the removal of two panels that of the Allard J2X MkII with an extended driving season. AMW rest above the occupants. The panels could then be believes that the Allard J2X MkII Coupé will find favour among stored in the trunk. This way, the passengers could many enthusiasts who want added comfort and convenience in enjoy the blue sky when on an extended journey their MkII. The decision to proceed with a design for a hard- and even turn on the heater or airconditioner if re- top option was not difficult claims Roger Allard. “The original quired. But if you are assured of ‘perfect weather’ configuration of the car, with the two Brooklands wind screens or keep your car in a garage, then you would have imparts a very special look to the car and is faithful to the orig- the option to remove the entire hardtop and ‘run inal look. However, it does have some limitations with respect topless’.” to seasonal considerations. I have felt for some time now that a full windshield, along with a removable hardtop, would provide Creating of a functional hardtop for the MkII Cou- owners with an extended driving season and more security when pé is no small challenge. Cockpit dimensions are overnighting at hotels along the road.” The hardtop design was restricted and the impact bars inside the doors pre- initiated some time ago, but more recently, a new collaborator clude the use of roll-up side windows. -
Production Anniversary of the 911
Production anniversary of the 911 Press Kit Contents Porsche milestone: One-millionth 911 rolls off the production line 3 Zuffenhausen sports car icon is a millionaire 5 The Porsche 911 9 From zero to 1,000,000: Seven generations of the Porsche 911 13 The design of the 911 18 The innovations of the 911 20 Family ties: the 911 and its brothers 32 Porsche Classic: Everything a classic sports car needs 35 Fuel consumption and emissions 38 05/2017 Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG Porsche Press Kits https://presskit.porsche.de Public Relations and Press Porsche Press Database https://presse.porsche.de Porscheplatz 1 The Porsche Newsroom http://newsroom.porsche.de D-70435 Stuttgart Press contacts http://porsche-qr.de/contacts 3 Zuffenhausen celebrates the original sports car and style icon Porsche milestone: One-millionth 911 rolls off the production line Stuttgart. It is the archetypal sports car for everyday driving, and a style icon that is unmis- takable as both the face and heart of the Porsche brand: the 911. In Zuffenhausen today, the one-millionth model rolled off the production line – a Carrera S in the special colour “Irish Green”, with numerous exclusive features following the original 911 from 1963. The two-door car remains the most strategically important model in the product range and makes a huge contribution to maintaining Porsche’s position as one of the most profitable car manufacturers in the world. Dr Wolfgang Porsche, Chairman of the Supervisory Board at Porsche AG, has been a part of the development of the 911 since day one: “54 years ago, I was able to take my first trips over the Grossglockner High Alpine Road with my father. -
Tempest – Unravelling the UK’S New Strike Aircraft Project
160 years of innovation theengineer.co.uk October 2018 | £3.70 Future fighter Tempest – unravelling the UK’s new strike aircraft project C2I 2018 The shortlisted finalists for The Engineer’s annual Collaborate to Innovate awards Station masters Driving change Car of the issue The engineering challenges Jaguar Land Rover’s Elizabeth Meet Nomad, the off-road of fitting out Crossrail’s Hill talks electrification, supercar from the firm new stations skills and innovation »32 behind the Ariel Atom »34 »37 »30 Ed - front cover_The Engineer - October 2018_The Engineer 1 02/10/2018 12:17 Over 100 years invested in the UK’s future. E-SCAN RADAR ENSURES INFORMATION SUPERIORITY FOR BATTLESPACE DOMINANCE PRAETORIAN DEFENSIVE AIDS SUB-SYSTEM (DASS) PROVIDES PROTECTION AGAINST AIR-TO-AIR AND SURFACE-TO-AIR THREAT LEONARDO DESIGNS AND BUILDS OVER 60% OF THE EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON’S AVIONICS Leonardo has over 100 years of history at the leading edge of advanced design and manufacturing in the UK. Over 7,000 highly-skilled employees and a vast network of suppliers and partners design and develop industry-leading aircraft, electronics, space, defence and security systems for UK and export customers, worldwide. Inspired by the vision, curiosity and creativity of the great master inventor - Leonardo is designing the technology of tomorrow. leonardocompany.com Helicopters | Aeronautics | Electronics, Defence & Security Systems | Space TE_011018_Leonardo_FP.indd 1 27/09/2018 10:32 TE_011018_Leonardo_FP.indd 1 27/09/2018 10:34 editor comment thisissue ouropinion Volume 297 Issue No.7902 Established 1856 A storm on the way news 04 R obotics Humans use special gloves head of this summer’s Farnborough International Airshow we ran a to teach robots to be nimble somewhat timely poll on The Engineer’s website asking readers 06 A utomotive UK-built drivetrains for a whether they felt we might currently be seeing the last generation of new fleet of South American buses manned military aircraft. -
Forced Induction Basics, Supercharging & Turbocharging; Engine Professional
EP Q2-12 10-27_Layout 1 4/19/12 11:45 AM Page 10 Forced Induction Basics BY MIKE MAVRIGIAN PHOTOS BY MIKE MAVRIGIAN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED Supercharging and turbocharging tidbits While this article may be a bit simplistic SUPERCHARGER BASICS for those familiar with forced induction, Superchargers (blowers) are offered in hopefully the information will be helpful three types, including the Roots type, to those who are not as experienced with centrifugal and the screw type. The Roots this approach. type is the least complex, functioning as an air pump. Instead of compressing air A naturally-aspirated engine uses inside the unit, pressurization takes place available (ambient) air to enter the in the manifold and combustion engine, mix with fuel and ignite in the chambers (referred to as external air combustion chamber. A forced induction compression). Centrifugal and screw type system (supercharger or turbocharger) superchargers compress air inside the does just what the term implies…it forces additional air into the combustion supercharger (internal compression), chamber. When mixed with the pushing the compressed air into the appropriate ratio of fuel, you create intake and combustion areas. A higher cylinder pressure, referred to as centrifugal unit mechanically functions boost, which makes more power. While much the same as a turbocharger, with an we certainly don’t have the room here to internal impeller. Instead of being driven delve into great detail, we’ll try to offer a by exhaust gas (as with a turbo), a few informational tidbits that will centrifugal supercharger impeller is hopefully help you to better understand driven mechanically by a drive belt. -
Honda Civic Type-R Fk8
PRODUCT OVERVIEW HONDA CIVIC TYPE-R FK8 MAKE / MODEL: HONDA CIVIC TYPE-R FK8 ENGINE: 2.0L ENGINE SIZE / CONFIG: 4 CYL TURBO YEAR RANGE: 2015-2019 Xtreme Clutch Honda Type-R FK8 Range The Honda Civic Type-R FK8 has taken the automotive world by storm. As one of the most advanced performance vehicles currently available in the market segment, the FK8 Type-R is an ideal tuning platform for high performance street and motorsport applications. Kit Pictured: KHN23537-2G Heavy Duty Clutch Recommended Applications Find us on Facebook Xtreme Clutch performance upgrades are designed & engineered to ensure the highest quality, performance & reliability. Each range is individually tailored to suit various vehicle uses, performance goals & durability, meaning Xtreme Clutch can offer the ultimate performance package for your vehicle. Find us on YouTube Want more info on all our products, please visit www.xtremeclutch.com.au or email [email protected] WWW.XTREMECLUTCH.COM.AU WWW.AUSTRALIANCLUTCH.COM.AU CALL1800 CLUTCH MAKE / MODEL: HONDA CIVIC TYPE-R FK8 ENGINE: 2.0L ENGINE SIZE / CONFIG: 4 CYL TURBO YEAR RANGE: 2015-2019 CLAMPING FORCE STAGE PART NO. INFORMATION DESIGNED FOR & PEAK TORQUE STAGE 1 Lightweight alloy pressure plate, 240mm sprung organic friction disc, chromoly SPRUNG ORGANIC KHN24537-1A performance single mass flywheel, flywheel bolts, pressure plate bolts, thrust 600 Nm Street Performance bearing, pilot bearing and alignment tool. STAGE 2 Lightweight alloy pressure plate, 240mm sprung ceramic friction disc, chromoly EXTRA HD KHN24537-1R performance single mass flywheel, flywheel bolts, pressure plate bolts, thrust 910 Nm Motorsport Applications SPRUNG CERAMIC bearing, pilot bearing and alignment tool.