Musical Instruments and Persons Associated

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Musical Instruments and Persons Associated FREE eBOOK MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND PERSONS ASSOCIATED FOR BANKING AND GOVERNMENT EXAMS Musical Instruments and Persons Associated Free Static GK e-book Static GK is an integral part of the General Awareness section. Questions related to various musical instruments and persons associated with it are common in the General Awareness section of Bank and Government exams like SBI PO and Clerk, IBPS PO and Clerk, RBI Grade B and Assistant, SSC Exams, UPSC and more. Here are Sample Questions: Sample Question Q1. Padma Bhushan awardee, M. S. Gopala Krishnan is famous for which Musical Instrument? 1. Veena 2. Sarod 3. Violin 4. Tabla Answer: 3. Violin Q2. Amjad Ali Khan is famous for which Musical Instrument? 1. Tabla 2. Violin 3. Flute 4. Sarod Answer: 4. Sarod In competitive exams, as little as 1 mark can make a lot of difference. For your assistance, we bring to you a Free eBook on Musical Instruments and Persons Associated with it. The following pages of the eBook lists down the names of Musical Instruments and Persons Associated with it. Musical Instruments and Persons Associated Free Static GK e-book Person Musical Instrument Ustad Bismillah Khan Shehnai Ali Ahmad Hussain Shehnai Krishna Ram Chaudhary Shehnai Hari Prasad Chaurasia Flute Pannalal Ghosh Flute T.R. Mahalingam Flute Raghunath Prasanna Flute and Shehnai Pt Shiv Kumar Sharma Santoor Bhajan Sopori Santoor Pt Tarun Bhattacharya Santoor Abhay Sopori Santoor Rahul Sharma Santoor Pt Ulhas Bapat Santoor Ustad Alla Rakha Khan Tabla and Pakhawaj Zakir Hussain Tabla Pt Anokhelal Mishra Tabla Pt. Kishan Maharaj Tabla Ahmed Jan Thirakwa Tabla Ustad Sabir Khan Tabla Sandeep Das Tabla Pt. Jnan Prakash Ghosh Tabla and Harmonium Allauddin Khan Sarod Amjad Ali Khan Sarod Ali Akbar Khan Sarod Buddhadev Das Gupta Sarod Wajahat Khan Sarod Pt Ravi Shankar Sitar Vilayat Khan Sitar Budhaditya Mukherjee Sitar Shahid Parvez Khan Sitar Anushka Shankar Sitar Imrat Khan Sitar and Surbahar Zia Mohiuddin Dagar Rudra Veena Bahauddin Dagar Rudra Veena Asad Ali Khan Rudra Veena Asit Kumar Banerjee Rudra Veena Sundaram Balachander Veena Venkatesha Doraiswamy Iyengar Veena Pt. Gopal Krishan Vichitra Veena Pt. Vishwa Mohan Bhat Mohan Veena Lalgudi Jayaraman Violin V.G Jog Violin Musical Instruments and Persons Associated Free Static GK e-book T.N Krishnan Violin M.S. Gopalakrishnan Violin L Subramaniam Violin R.P Shastri Violin Smt. N Rajam Violin Thetakudi Hariharan Vinayakram Ghatam E.M. Subramaniam Ghatam Suresh Vaidyanathan Ghatam Palghat Mani Iyer Mridangam Pudukkottai Dakshinamurthy Pillai Mridangam Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman Mridangam Ustad Shakoor Khan Sarangi Ustad Sultan Khan Sarangi Ustad Sabri Khan Sarangi Pt Ram Narayan Sarangi Ramesh Mishra Sarangi U Srinivas Mandolin Annapurna Devi Surbahar Ustad Enayat Khan Surbahar and Sitar Brij Bhushan Kabra Guitar https://www.oliveboard.in/blog/ SBI PO IBPS PO RBI GRADE B IBPS CLERK IBPS SO NABARD SBI CLERK SIDBI RBI ASSISTANT IPPB OFFICER IBPS RRB OFFICER IBPS RRB ASSISTANT LAKSHMI VILAS BANK DENA BANK PO BOB MANIPAL BOM MANIPAL SYNDICATE BANK PO IDBI BANK PO CAT CMAT XAT MHCET NMAT SNAP IIFT UPSC SSC CGL LIC AAO UIIC AO RAILWAYS RRB LIC HFL UIIC Assistant NICL Assistant OICL AO NICL AO NIACL AO IRDAI IB ACIO NIACL Assistant.
Recommended publications
  • Music Initiative Jka Peer - Reviewed Journal of Music
    VOL. 01 NO. 01 APRIL 2018 MUSIC INITIATIVE JKA PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC PUBLISHED,PRINTED & OWNED BY HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, J&K CIVIL SECRETARIAT, JAMMU/SRINAGAR,J&K CONTACT NO.S: 01912542880,01942506062 www.jkhighereducation.nic.in EDITOR DR. ASGAR HASSAN SAMOON (IAS) PRINCIPAL SECRETARY HIGHER EDUCATION GOVT. OF JAMMU & KASHMIR YOOR HIGHER EDUCATION,J&K NOT FOR SALE COVER DESIGN: NAUSHAD H GA JK MUSIC INITIATIVE A PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL OF MUSIC INSTRUCTION TO CONTRIBUTORS A soft copy of the manuscript should be submitted to the Editor of the journal in Microsoft Word le format. All the manuscripts will be blindly reviewed and published after referee's comments and nally after Editor's acceptance. To avoid delay in publication process, the papers will not be sent back to the corresponding author for proof reading. It is therefore the responsibility of the authors to send good quality papers in strict compliance with the journal guidelines. JK Music Initiative is a quarterly publication of MANUSCRIPT GUIDELINES Higher Education Department, Authors preparing submissions are asked to read and follow these guidelines strictly: Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir (JKHED). Length All manuscripts published herein represent Research papers should be between 3000- 6000 words long including notes, bibliography and captions to the opinion of the authors and do not reect the ofcial policy illustrations. Manuscripts must be typed in double space throughout including abstract, text, references, tables, and gures. of JKHED or institution with which the authors are afliated unless this is clearly specied. Individual authors Format are responsible for the originality and genuineness of the work Documents should be produced in MS Word, using a single font for text and headings, left hand justication only and no embedded formatting of capitals, spacing etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists Free Static GK E-Book
    oliveboard FREE eBooks FAMOUS INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSICIANS & VOCALISTS For All Banking and Government Exams Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists Free static GK e-book Current Affairs and General Awareness section is one of the most important and high scoring sections of any competitive exam like SBI PO, SSC-CGL, IBPS Clerk, IBPS SO, etc. Therefore, we regularly provide you with Free Static GK and Current Affairs related E-books for your preparation. In this section, questions related to Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists have been asked. Hence it becomes very important for all the candidates to be aware about all the Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists. In all the Bank and Government exams, every mark counts and even 1 mark can be the difference between success and failure. Therefore, to help you get these important marks we have created a Free E-book on Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists. The list of all the Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists is given in the following pages of this Free E-book on Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists. Sample Questions - Q. Ustad Allah Rakha played which of the following Musical Instrument? (a) Sitar (b) Sarod (c) Surbahar (d) Tabla Answer: Option D – Tabla Q. L. Subramaniam is famous for playing _________. (a) Saxophone (b) Violin (c) Mridangam (d) Flute Answer: Option B – Violin Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists Free static GK e-book Famous Indian Classical Musicians and Vocalists. Name Instrument Music Style Hindustani
    [Show full text]
  • Rabindra Sangeet
    UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU Subject: MUSIC Code No.: 16 SYLLABUS Hindustani (Vocal, Instrumental & Musicology), Karnataka, Percussion and Rabindra Sangeet Note:- Unit-I, II, III & IV are common to all in music Unit-V to X are subject specific in music www.careerindia.com -1- Unit-I Technical Terms: Sangeet, Nada: ahata & anahata , Shruti & its five jaties, Seven Vedic Swaras, Seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha & Vikrit Swara, Vadi- Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad / vishesa sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava, Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav,Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga Sangeeta, Deshi Sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara Mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga ,Bhashanga ,Meend, Khatka, Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, Harmony and Melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta Talas and 35 Talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran, Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi Tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas ,Katapayadi scheme, Names of 12 Chakras, Twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas , Alapana, Tanam, Kaku, Akarmatrik notations. Unit-II Folk Music Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song / music. Characteristics of folk music. Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments and performers of various regions in India. Ragas and Talas used in folk music Folk fairs & festivals in India. www.careerindia.com -2- Unit-III Rasa and Aesthetics: Rasa, Principles of Rasa according to Bharata and others. Rasa nishpatti and its application to Indian Classical Music. Bhava and Rasa Rasa in relation to swara, laya, tala, chhanda and lyrics.
    [Show full text]
  • Categorization of Stringed Instruments with Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
    CATEGORIZATION OF STRINGED INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIFRACTAL DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS Archi Banerjee*, Shankha Sanyal, Tarit Guhathakurata, Ranjan Sengupta and Dipak Ghosh Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music Jadavpur University, Kolkata: 700032 *[email protected] * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT Categorization is crucial for content description in archiving of music signals. On many occasions, human brain fails to classify the instruments properly just by listening to their sounds which is evident from the human response data collected during our experiment. Some previous attempts to categorize several musical instruments using various linear analysis methods required a number of parameters to be determined. In this work, we attempted to categorize a number of string instruments according to their mode of playing using latest-state-of-the-art robust non-linear methods. For this, 30 second sound signals of 26 different string instruments from all over the world were analyzed with the help of non linear multifractal analysis (MFDFA) technique. The spectral width obtained from the MFDFA method gives an estimate of the complexity of the signal. From the variation of spectral width, we observed distinct clustering among the string instruments according to their mode of playing. Also there is an indication that similarity in the structural configuration of the instruments is playing a major role in the clustering of their spectral width. The observations and implications are discussed in detail. Keywords: String Instruments, Categorization, Fractal Analysis, MFDFA, Spectral Width INTRODUCTION Classification is one of the processes involved in audio content description. Audio signals can be classified according to miscellaneous criteria viz. speech, music, sound effects (or noises).
    [Show full text]
  • Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad (BDS)
    Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad (BDS) S# Candidate ID Name CNIC/NICOP/Passport Father Name Aggregate Category of Candidate 1 400119 Unaiza Ijaz 154023-376796-6 Ijaz Akhtar 92.66761364 Foreign Applicant 2 400218 Amal Fatima 362016-247810-6 Mohammad Saleem 92.29545455 Foreign Applicant 3 400266 Ayesha Khadim Hussain 323038-212415-6 Khadim Hussain 92.1875 Foreign Applicant 4 400114 Umar Fakhar 611012-326296-9 Nawaid Fakhar 90.6875 Foreign Applicant 5 302200 Parisa Saif Khan 61101-6413852-0 Saif Ullah Khan 90.47727273 Local Applicant 6 400148 Ayesha Bashir 373022-885861-0 Mirza Bashir Ahmed 89.78125 Foreign Applicant 7 303109 Sidra Batool 32203-4465194-8 Aman Ullah Khan 89.65909091 Local Applicant 8 300959 Linta Masroor 61101-6613020-4 Masroor Ahmad 89.56818182 Local Applicant 9 307998 Ujala Zaib 32102-7800856-0 Khalil Ur Rehman Buzdar 89.5 Local Applicant 10 301894 Alizay Ali 37301-8963956-8 Fawad Ali 89.38636364 Local Applicant 11 306454 Bakhtawar Mohsin Jami 42501-9843019-0 Mohsin Jami 89.20454545 Local Applicant 12 400237 Saad Sajjad Mughal AS9990403 Muhammad Sajjad Mughal 89.05113636 Foreign Applicant 13 400216 Hana Bilal 121016-527023-6 Muhammad Bilal Ahmad 88.94602273 Foreign Applicant 14 305067 Laiba Khalid 42201-1432628-6 Muhammad Khalid 88.93181818 Local Applicant 15 302632 Muhammad Akhtar 36203-8203731-9 Kareem Bukhsh 88.90909091 Local Applicant 16 301728 Ali Abbas Khan 33100-8906264-1 Shah Nawaz 88.90909091 Local Applicant 17 400059 Muhammad Sohaib Khan MJ4112853 Abdul Saeed Khan 88.86647727 Foreign Applicant
    [Show full text]
  • The Asian Indian Classical Music Society Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
    The Asian Indian Classical Music Society 52318 N Tally Ho Drive, South Bend, IN 46635 March 28 , 2013 Dear Friends, I am writing to inform you about our concerts for Spring 2013: Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (Mohan Veena or Guitar) with Subhen Chatterjee (Tabla) April 10th , 2013, Wedneday,7.00 PM, at the Hesburgh Center Auditorium Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt is among the leading Indian classical instrumental musicians. He is the creator of the Mohan Veena, which has modified the Hawaiian slide guitar by adding fourteen additional strings to it, and allows him to exquisitely assimilate the techniques of the sitar, sarod and veena. He is one of the foremost disciples of Pandit Ravi Shankar. He has captivated audiences at numerous concerts in the US, Canada, Europe, the Middle East and, of course, India. Among numerous other awards, he is the recipient of the Grammy Award, 1994, with Ry Cooder, for the World Music album, A Meeting by the River. Shanmukha Priya and Hari Priya (Vocal) with M.A. Krishnaswamy (Violin) and Skandasubramanian (Mridangam), April 26th , 2013, Friday, 7.00PM, place: TBA Shanmukha Priya and Hari Priya, the renowned musical duo popularly known as the “Priya Sisters”, are among the leading exponents of the Carnatic or South Indian vocal music. After receiving their training from the renowned duo, Radha and Jayalakshmi, they are now under the guidance of Prof. T. R.Subramaniam. Since they began performing in 1989, the Priya Sisters have performed worldwide in more than two thousand concerts. Among other awards, the sisters have been the recipients of the 'Best Female Vocalists' awards from Music Academy, Sri Krishna Gana Sabha and the Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai.
    [Show full text]
  • DIRLIST6 01050000 01300000.Pdf
    Signatory ID Name CIN Company Name 01050011 KALRA SUNITA U74899DL1967PTC004762 R K INTERNATIOONAL PRIVATE 01050016 GUPTA VIVEK U51109OR2006PTC009068 MAHAKASH RENEWABLES (INDIA) 01050022 BHANDARI PARAMBIR SINGH U51909DL1999PTC100363 AKILA OVERSEAS PRIVATE LIMITED 01050036 BHUPENDRA GUPTA U70100MH1995PTC086049 SUNDER BUILDERS AND 01050064 KIRITKUMAR MERCHANT SHISHIR U51900MH2000PTC127408 HANS D TO R SOLUTIONS PRIVATE 01050071 AGARWAL BINDU U45201WB1997PTC084989 PRINCE SAGAR KUTIR PRIVATE 01050072 BIJOY HARIPRIYA JAIN U70109MH2008PTC180213 SAAT RASTA PROPERTIES PRIVATE 01050072 BIJOY HARIPRIYA JAIN U01403MH2008PTC182992 GREEN VALLEY AGRICULTURE 01050082 JAI KARUNADEVI PRITHVIRAJ U36993KA1999PTC025485 RODEO DRIVE LUXURY PRODUCTS 01050126 DEEPCHAND JAIN PRITHVIRAJ U36993KA1999PTC025485 RODEO DRIVE LUXURY PRODUCTS 01050174 JOGINDER SANDHU SINGH U67120CH2004PTC027291 JAGUAR CONSULTANTS PRIVATE 01050220 NARAYANAMURTHY U15421TN2006PLC060417 BHIMAAS SUGARS AND CHEMICALS 01050224 JITENDRA MEHTA U51109TN2007PTC062423 MOOLRAJ VYAPAR PRIVATE 01050251 PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA U72300DL2007PTC160451 PRODIGII ECALL PRIVATE LIMITED 01050251 PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA U63040DL2008PTC180031 REACHING WILD LIFE TOURISM 01050257 LALITKUMAR MERCHANT URMIL U51900MH2000PTC127408 HANS D TO R SOLUTIONS PRIVATE 01050273 KUSUM MISHRA U29248UP1999PTC024344 MAXWELL GEARS PRIVATE LIMITED 01050286 DUGGAL PRINCE U70109DL2006PTC153384 M R BUILDWELL PRIVATE LIMITED 01050290 JAI MISHRA SHANKAR U29248UP1999PTC024344 MAXWELL GEARS PRIVATE LIMITED 01050309 JAIN MUKESH U00000DL1992PTC050812
    [Show full text]
  • New and Bestselling Titles Sociology 2016-2017
    New and Bestselling titles Sociology 2016-2017 www.sagepub.in Sociology | 2016-17 Seconds with Alice W Clark How is this book helpful for young women of Any memorable experience that you hadhadw whilehile rural areas with career aspirations? writing this book? Many rural families are now keeping their girls Becoming part of the Women’s Studies program in school longer, and this book encourages at Allahabad University; sharing in the colourful page 27A these families to see real benefit for themselves student and faculty life of SNDT University in supporting career development for their in Mumbai; living in Vadodara again after daughters. It contributes in this way by many years, enjoying friends and colleagues; identifying the individual roles that can be played reconnecting with friendships made in by supportive fathers and mothers, even those Bangalore. Being given entrée to lively students with very little education themselves. by professors who cared greatly about them. Being treated wonderfully by my interviewees. What facets of this book bring-in international Any particular advice that you would like to readership? share with young women aiming for a successful Views of women’s striving for self-identity career? through professionalism; the factors motivating For women not yet in college: Find supporters and encouraging them or setting barriers to their in your family to help argue your case to those accomplishments. who aren’t so supportive. Often it’s submissive Upward trends in women’s education, the and dutiful mothers who need a prompt from narrowing of the gender gap, and the effects a relative with a broader viewpoint.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Empanelled Artist
    INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS EMPANELMENT ARTISTS S.No. Name of Artist/Group State Date of Genre Contact Details Year of Current Last Cooling off Social Media Presence Birth Empanelment Category/ Sponsorsred Over Level by ICCR Yes/No 1 Ananda Shankar Jayant Telangana 27-09-1961 Bharatanatyam Tel: +91-40-23548384 2007 Outstanding Yes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwH8YJH4iVY Cell: +91-9848016039 September 2004- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vrts4yX0NOQ [email protected] San Jose, Panama, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDwKHb4F4tk [email protected] Tegucigalpa, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIh4lOqFa7o Guatemala City, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiOhl5brqYc Quito & Argentina https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COv7medCkW8 2 Bali Vyjayantimala Tamilnadu 13-08-1936 Bharatanatyam Tel: +91-44-24993433 Outstanding No Yes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbT7vkbpkx4 +91-44-24992667 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKvILzX5mX4 [email protected] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyQAisJKlVs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6S7GLiZtYQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBPKiWdEtHI 3 Sucheta Bhide Maharashtra 06-12-1948 Bharatanatyam Cell: +91-8605953615 Outstanding 24 June – 18 July, Yes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTj_D-q-oGM suchetachapekar@hotmail 2015 Brazil (TG) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOhzx_npilY .com https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgXsRIOFIQ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSepFLNVelI 4 C.V.Chandershekar Tamilnadu 12-05-1935 Bharatanatyam Tel: +91-44- 24522797 1998 Outstanding 13 – 17 July 2017- No https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ec4OrzIwnWQ
    [Show full text]
  • (Public Section) Padma Awards Directory (1954-2009) Year-Wise List Sl
    MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (Public Section) Padma Awards Directory (1954-2009) Year-Wise List Sl. Prefix First Name Last Name Award State Field Remarks 1954 1 Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan BR TN Public Affairs Expired 2 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR TN Public Affairs Expired 3 Dr. Chandrasekhara Raman BR TN Science & Eng. Expired Venkata 4 Shri Nand Lal Bose PV WB Art Expired 5 Dr. Satyendra Nath Bose PV WB Litt. & Edu. 6 Dr. Zakir Hussain PV AP Public Affairs Expired 7 Shri B.G. Kher PV MAH Public Affairs Expired 8 Shri V.K. Krishna Menon PV KER Public Affairs Expired 9 Shri Jigme Dorji Wangchuk PV BHU Public Affairs 10 Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha PB MAH Science & Eng. Expired 11 Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar PB UP Science & Eng. Expired 12 Shri Mahadeva Iyer Ganapati PB OR Civil Service 13 Dr. J.C. Ghosh PB WB Science & Eng. Expired 14 Shri Maithilisharan Gupta PB UP Litt. & Edu. Expired 15 Shri Radha Krishan Gupta PB DEL Civil Service Expired 16 Shri R.R. Handa PB PUN Civil Service Expired 17 Shri Amar Nath Jha PB UP Litt. & Edu. Expired 18 Shri Malihabadi Josh PB DEL Litt. & Edu. 19 Dr. Ajudhia Nath Khosla PB DEL Science & Eng. Expired 20 Shri K.S. Krishnan PB TN Science & Eng. Expired 21 Shri Moulana Hussain Madni PB PUN Litt. & Edu. Ahmed 22 Shri V.L. Mehta PB GUJ Public Affairs Expired 23 Shri Vallathol Narayana Menon PB KER Litt. & Edu. Expired Wednesday, July 22, 2009 Page 1 of 133 Sl. Prefix First Name Last Name Award State Field Remarks 24 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of Melodic Discourse in Indian Music: Budhaditya Mukherjee’S Ālāp in Rāg Pūriyā-Kalyān
    Dynamics of melodic discourse in Indian music: Budhaditya Mukherjee’s ālāp in rāg Pūriyā-Kalyān Richard Widdess 1. Introduction This chapter presents an analysis of a performance of ālāp, with reference to the compositional principles that it demonstrates. Following a long succession of ethnomusicological and musicological studies, including Nettl (1974), Lortat-Jacob (1987), Nettl and Russell (1998), Treitler (1974, 2003), Nooshin (2003) and many other contributions, it is clear that compositional principles are no less important in music that is unwritten and “improvised” than in music that is written and “composed”; and that indeed, one can no longer speak of “improvisation” and “composition” in any oppositional sense. It also seems clear that the importance of compositional principles in unwritten music, such as ālāp, is related both to the performer’s need to recall memorised material and invent new material that is grammatical, and at the same time to the listener’s need to engage with, comprehend, and be stimulated by an auditory experience that, for him, happens in real time, whether a written score exists or not, and whether he is listening to a live performance or a recording. In this essay I will consider primarily the listener’s perspective; how far the cognitive processes involved in performing and listening to ālāp are equivalent remains an open question, but that they are closely related seems likely. 1.1. Ālāp and rāga The Sanskrit word ālāpa signifies speaking to, addressing, hence speech, conversation, or communication (Monier-Williams 1899: 153); it overlaps in meaning with the English word discourse. Ālāp in Indian classical music is a process rather than a genre, but it typically occurs in the form of a non-metrical “improvised” prelude, often quite extended, preceding a composed metrical piece.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock to Raga: the Many Lives of the Indian Guitar
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Rock to Raga: the many lives of the Indian guitar Book Section How to cite: Clayton, Martin (2001). Rock to Raga: the many lives of the Indian guitar. In: Bennett, Andy and Dawe, Kevin eds. Guitar cultures. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers Ltd, pp. 179–208. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2001 Berg Publishers Ltd Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://www.bergpublishers.com/?tabid=1499 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Rock to Raga: The many lives of the Indian guitar Martin Clayton Chapter for “Guitar Culture”, ed. Dawe/ Bennett, Berg. 2nd DRAFT 1. Introduction What roles does the guitar play, and what meanings does it convey in India? 1 These are not easy questions to answer, since the instrument has spread into many different musical genres, in various geographical regions of the subcontinent. This chapter is nonetheless an attempt, in response to those questions, to sketch out the main features of guitar culture in India. I see it as a kind of snapshot: partial, blurred and lacking fine definition perhaps, but offering a perspective that more focused and tightly-framed studies could not. My account is based on a few weeks’ travel in India, 2 concentrating on the main metropolitan cities of Chennai, Mumbai, Calcutta and Delhi – although it also draws on the reports of many inhabitants of these cities who have migrated from other regions, particularly those rich in guitar culture such as Goa and the north-eastern states.
    [Show full text]