DOCSLIB.ORG

True Fir Spacing and Yield Trials—20-Year Update

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
True Fir Spacing and Yield Trials—20-Year Update United States Department of Agriculture True Fir Spacing and Forest Service Yield Trials—20-Year Pacific Northwest Research Station Update Research Paper PNW-RP-590 Robert O. Curtis May 2013 D E E P R A U R T LT MENT OF AGRICU Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency’s EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/ complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/ complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agricul- ture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected]. Persons with Disabilities Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). Persons with disabilities, who wish to file a program complaint, please see information above on how to contact us by mail directly or by email. If you require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) please contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program For any other information dealing with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) issues, persons should either contact the USDA SNAP Hotline Number at (800) 221-5689, which is also in Spanish or call the State Information/Hotline Numbers. All Other Inquiries For any other information not pertaining to civil rights, please refer to the listing of the USDA Agencies and Offices for specific agency information. Author Robert O. Curtis is an emeritus scientist, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3625 93rd Avenue, SW, Olympia, WA 98512-1101. Abstract Curtis, Robert O. 2013. True fir spacing and yield trials—20-year update. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-590. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 32 p. This report updates data and comparisons from previous reports (Curtis and others 2000, Curtis 2008) on a series of precommercial thinning and yield trials in high-elevation true fir–hemlock stands, using data from the 12 replicates for which 20-year data are now available. The stands were varying mixtures of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Douglas ex Loudon) Douglas ex Forbes), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and noble fir (Abies procera Rehder). Trends noted in the 2008 report continue. Increment in top height was somewhat reduced at wide spacings. Volume increment and basal area increment increased as the residual number of trees increased. There was a small increase in diameter increment of the 80 largest trees per acre at wide spacing. Relative stand densities on the unthinned plots, as measured by stand density index (SDI) and relative density (RD), are still increasing; it appears that the maximum (not yet attained) is probably at least 20 to 25 percent greater than values observed in Douglas-fir. Keywords: Precommercial thinning, increment, yield, Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, Abies procera, true firs, noble fir, Pacific silver fir. RESEARCH PAPER PNW-RP-590 Summary This report updates data and comparisons from previous reports (Curtis and others 2000, Curtis 2008) on a series of precommercial thinning and yield trials in high- elevation true fir–hemlock stands, using data from the 12 replicates for which 20-year data are now available. The stands were varying mixtures of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Douglas ex Loudon) Douglas ex Forbes), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and noble fir (Abies procera Rehder). Treatments included five levels of the residual number of trees plus an unthinned treatment. Trends noted in the 2008 report continue. Increment in top height was somewhat reduced at very wide spacings. Volume increment increased but at a decreasing rate as the residual number of trees increased, similar to trends observed in other thinning studies. Basal area increment increased with the residual number of trees at wide spacings, but was nearly constant for 430 and 700 trees per acre. There was an increase in diameter increment of the 80 largest trees per acre at wide spacing. Relative stand densities on the unthinned plots, as measured by stand density index (SDI) and relative density (RD), are still increasing. Maximum SDI and RD (not yet attained) will probably be at least 20 to 25 percent greater than corresponding values for Douglas-fir. Differences in height growth patterns between true firs and Douglas-fir, combined with the ability of true fir–hemlock stands to develop high basal areas, imply that true fir–hemlock stands of a given site index will be consid- erably more productive than Douglas-fir stands of the same numerical site index. Continuation of these trials for the next several decades should provide reliable information on development patterns and silvicultural responses that is needed as part of the process of developing models to guide management decisions. ii True Fir Spacing and Yield Trials—20-Year Update Contents 1 Introduction 2 Previous Research 2 Past Management 3 The Study 4 Objectives 4 Study Area 4 Study Design 6 Plot Establishment and Measurement 9 Data Summarization 9 Height Estimates 9 Volume Estimates 10 Site Index Estimates 10 Species Composition 11 Analyses 12 20-Year Increment Analyses 18 Yield Analyses 23 Relative Stand Density Limits 25 Discussion 28 Acknowledgments 28 Metric Equivalents 29 References 32 Glossary of Symbols and Acronyms iii RESEARCH PAPER PNW-RP-590 iv True Fir Spacing and Yield Trials—20-Year Update Introduction From 1987 to 1994, 18 precommercial thinning trials were established in true fir–hemlock stands along the west side of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon and in Washington’s Olympic Mountains. Establishment and 5-year results were reported by Curtis and others (2000), and 10-year results by Curtis (2008). The stands studied are within the Coastal True Fir–Hemlock type (Society of American Foresters type 226: Eyre 1980), primarily within the Abies amabilis zone (Franklin and Dyrness 1973) but also with two in the Tsuga mertensiana zone. The principal tree species are Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Douglas ex Loudon) Douglas ex Forbes), noble fir (Abies procera Rehder), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf). Sarg.). Other minor associated species include western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Donn), yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach), mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carrière), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt.), western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). True fir–hemlock forests at higher elevations in the Cascade Range and Olym- pic Mountains play major roles as protective cover for watersheds and as scenic and recreational areas, and have in the past been important as timber-producing forests. Large areas of Abies amabilis–zone forest exist in the Mount Baker–Snoqualmie (MBS), Gifford Pinchot (GP), Olympic (OLY), Mount Hood (MH), and Willamette (WIL) National Forests. There are large additional areas in the national parks in the region, and limited areas on Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) lands and on private ownerships. There are also large areas of similar forests that are important timber-producing areas on Vancouver Island and in the This report is an update Coast Range of British Columbia. of the 10-year results This report is a partial update of the 2008 publication, with additional data and published in 2008. some differences in procedure. It repeats much of the background information given in the 2000 and 2008 reports and then presents some summaries and comparisons based on the 12 installations for which 20-year data are now available. Complete 20-year measurements (at 0, 5, 10, and 20 years from establishment) from all 18 installations will not be available for several years. It seemed desirable to carry out an interim analysis to (1) present currently available information, (2) provide guid- ance for later workers who may analyze the complete set, and (3) utilize the author’s acquaintance with the study from its inception. Any future analyst will not have this direct knowledge, and future capabilities may also be handicapped by prospec- tive personnel and funding limitations. 1 RESEARCH PAPER PNW-RP-590 Previous Research Although there is a considerable body of information on stand development, yields, and site evaluation for low-elevation hemlock, little information is available on the true firs and high-elevation true fir–hemlock mixtures. Herman and others (1978) and Hoyer and Herman (1989) developed height growth and site index estimates for noble fir and Pacific silver fir, based on stem analyses of trees from unmanaged old-growth stands.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Balsam Woolly Adelgid
    A New Utah Forest Insect This fact sheet Pest: Balsam Woolly Adelgid introduces an invasive forest pest, the balsam By: Darren McAvoy, Extension Forestry Assistant Professor, woolly adelgid, and Diane Alston, Professor & Extension Entomologist, discusses its impacts on Ryan Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician, Utah forests, life cycle Megan Dettenmaier, Extension Forestry Educator traits, identifying characteristics, control Introduction methods, and steps that In 2017, the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Health Protection (FHP) group in Utah partners are taking Ogden, Utah detected and confirmed the presence of a new invasive forest to combat this pest. pest in Utah called the balsam woolly adelgid (BWA). First noticed in the mountains above Farmington Canyon and near Powder Mountain Resort, it has Dieback and decline of subalpine fir due to attack by balsam woolly adelgid. Photo credit: Darren McAvoy. 2017, forest health professionals visited Farmington Canyon on the ground and found branch node swelling (a node is where branch structures come together) and old deposits of woolly material on mature subalpine fir trees. Suspected to have originated in the Caucasus Mountains between Europe and Asia, BWA was first detected in North America in Maine, in 1908, and in California about 20 years later. It was detected in Idaho near Coeur d’Alene in 1983 and has since spread across northern Idaho. It is believed that separate invasions of subspecies or races of BWA may differentially impact tree host species. Dieback of subalpine fir, pacific silver (Abies amabilis) and grand fir (A. grandis) in Idaho is widespread. In the western Payette National Forest, north of Boise, an estimated 70% of subalpine fir trees are dead and falling down.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridgeoporus Nobilissimus Is Much More Abundant Than Indicated by the Presence of Basidiocarps in Forest Stands
    North American Fungi Volume 10, Number 3, Pages 1-28 Published May 29, 2015 Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands Matthew Gordon1 and Kelli Van Norman2 1Molecular Solutions LLC, 715 NW Hoyt St., #2546, Portland, OR 97208, USA 2Interagency Special Status/Sensitive Species Program, USDI Bureau of Land Management Oregon State Office & USDA Forest Service Region 6, 1220 SW 3rd Ave., Portland, OR 97204, USA Gordon, M., and K. Van Norman. 2015. Bridgeoporus nobilissimus is much more abundant than indicated by the presence of basidiocarps in forest stands. North American Fungi 10(3): 1-28. http://dx.doi:10.2509/naf2015.010.003 Corresponding author: Matt Gordon [email protected]. Accepted for publication May 4, 2015. http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2015 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved. Abstract: The polypore Bridgeoporus nobilissimus produces large perennial basidiocarps on large diameter Abies stumps, snags and trees in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Despite the size and persistence of the basidiocarps, they are rarely observed, making the conservation of this species a concern. We determined that a genetic marker for this fungus could be detected in DNA extracted from wood cores taken from trees hosting basidiocarps. We then tested 105 trees and stumps that did not host B. nobilissimus basidiocarps in plots surrounding B. nobilissimus conks, and 291 trees and stumps in randomly located plots in four stands that contained at least one B. nobilissimus basidiocarp. We found that trees of all sizes throughout all of the stands hosted B.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization of the California Firs
    Forest Science, Vol. 34, No. I, pp. 139-151. Copyright 1988 by the Society of American Foresters Hybridization of the California Firs William B. Critchfield Abstract. Four groups of firs (sections, in the most recent classification of Abies) are represented in California. Crossing within these sections is possible and even easy, and in two of the sections intergrading populations between highly crossable taxa are wide spread in California. An exception is A. amabilis, a Northwestern fir that has not been crossed with other species in the same section {Grandes: A. concolor, A. grandis) or in other sections (e.g., Nobiles: A magnified). Crossing species in different sections is usually difficult or impossible. The genetic isolation of A. bracteata, an endemic species classified as a monotypic subgenus or section, may be nearly complete: two probable hybrids with A. concolor died at a few years of age. A few putative hybrids from inter- sectional crosses between species in Grandes and Nobiles died within months of germi nation. Intersectional crosses with firs outside California (two Mexican and four Eur asian species) all failed except A. concolor x A. religiosa, which produced numerous healthy hybrids. The common occurrence of genetic barriers in Abies is at odds with the long-held view that it is easy to hybridize fir species. For. Sci. 34(1): 139-151. Additional key words. Abies, interspecific hybrids, crossability, classification. The ability of species to hybridize has not been explored as systemati cally in the genus Abies (true firs) as it has in other genera of Pinaceae such as Pinus and Pice a.
    [Show full text]
  • Curtis/True Fir-Hemlock Trials
    United States Department of Agriculture True Fir-Hemlock Forest Service Pacific Northwest Spacing Trials: Research Station General Design and First Results Technical Report PNW-GTR-492 May 2000 Robert O. Curtis, Gary W. Clendenen and Jan A. Henderson Authors Robert O. Curtis is an emeritus scientist and Gary W. Clendenen is a forester, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625-93d Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193; and Jan A. Henderson is an area ecologist, Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, 21905-64th Ave. West, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043. Abstract Curtis, Robert O.; Clendenen, Gary W.; Henderson, Jan A. 2000. True fir-hemlock spacing trials: design and first results. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-492. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 35 p. A series of 18 precommercial thinning trials was established in true fir-hemlock stands in the Olympic Mountains and along the west side of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon from 1987 through 1994. This paper documents estab- lishment of these installations and presents some preliminary observations and results. Substantial differences in growth rates in height and diameter were ob- served among Pacific silver fir, western hemlock, and noble fir. Diameter growth of all species increased as spacing increased, but height growth of silver fir and noble fir decreased at wider spacings in some areas. These installations will pro- vide a unique source of information on early development of managed stands of these species, for which little information now is available. Keywords: Abies, spacing, precommercial thinning, true firs. This page left blank intentionally.
    [Show full text]
  • Arceuthobium Tsugense Subsp. Amabilae, a New Subspecies of Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe (Viscaceae) from Oregon
    Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. amabilae, a New Subspecies of Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe (Viscaceae) from Oregon Robert L. Mathiasen School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, U.S.A. [email protected] Carolyn M. Daugherty Department of Geography, Planning, and Recreation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, U.S.A. ABSTRACT . The dwarf mistletoe severely parasitizing Hawksworth and Wiens (1972) only included white fir Pacific silver fir in Oregon is described as a new (Abies concolor Lindley & Gordon), grand fir (Abies subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe. This classifi grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley), California red cation is based on morphological and host range fir (Abies magnifica A. Murray), and noble fir (Abies differences between hemlock dwarf mistletoe, Ar procera Rehder) as hosts of Arceuthobium abietinum in ceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G. N. Jones subsp. Oregon; they included only grand fir in Washington. tsugense, and the new subspecies, Pacific silver fir Hawksworth (1987) summarized the taxonomy of dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. am Arceuthobium tsugense and separated this species into abilae Mathiasen & C. Daugherty. three different races: a western hemlock race, a shore Key words: Arceuthobium, Hemlock dwarf mis pine race, and a mountain hemlock race. Hawksworth tletoe, IUCN Red List, mountain hemlock, noble fir, indicated that only the western hemlock race Oregon, Pacific silver fir, Viscaceae, western hem parasitized species of Abies. Hawksworth et al. lock. (1992) presented another interpretation for the classification of A. tsugense. They described the The taxonomic classification of the dwarf mistletoes western hemlock and mountain hemlock races pro severely parasitizing Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis posed by Hawksworth (1987) as subspecies of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudotsuga Menziesii)
    120 - PART 1. CONSENSUS DOCUMENTS ON BIOLOGY OF TREES Section 4. Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 1. Taxonomy Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco is generally called Douglas-fir (so spelled to maintain its distinction from true firs, the genus Abies). Pseudotsuga Carrière is in the kingdom Plantae, division Pinophyta (traditionally Coniferophyta), class Pinopsida, order Pinales (conifers), and family Pinaceae. The genus Pseudotsuga is most closely related to Larix (larches), as indicated in particular by cone morphology and nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA phylogenies (Silen 1978; Wang et al. 2000); both genera also have non-saccate pollen (Owens et al. 1981, 1994). Based on a molecular clock analysis, Larix and Pseudotsuga are estimated to have diverged more than 65 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (Wang et al. 2000). The earliest known fossil of Pseudotsuga dates from 32 Mya in the Early Oligocene (Schorn and Thompson 1998). Pseudostuga is generally considered to comprise two species native to North America, the widespread Pseudostuga menziesii and the southwestern California endemic P. macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr (bigcone Douglas-fir), and in eastern Asia comprises three or fewer endemic species in China (Fu et al. 1999) and another in Japan. The taxonomy within the genus is not yet settled, and more species have been described (Farjon 1990). All reported taxa except P. menziesii have a karyotype of 2n = 24, the usual diploid number of chromosomes in Pinaceae, whereas the P. menziesii karyotype is unique with 2n = 26. The two North American species are vegetatively rather similar, but differ markedly in the size of their seeds and seed cones, the latter 4-10 cm long for P.
    [Show full text]
  • Franklin 1966
    VEGETATION AND SOILS IN THE SUBALPINE FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADE RANGE By JERRY FOREST FRANKLIN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 1966 INTRODUCTION Dense coniferous forests characterized by species of Abies nd Tsuga are found along the upper slopes and crest of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. These forests occupy the Tsuga mertensiana and Abies amabilis Zones which together are the least known of the major phytogeographic units in the Pacific Northwest. Forest composition and environments vary markedly within the Abies- Tsuga Zones. Fourteen tree species play the role of major components:Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) , western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) , mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) , noble fir (Abies procera) , subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) , Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) , western redcedar (Thuja pli- cata) , Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) , Shasta red fir (Abies magnif­ ies var. shastensis) , Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) , grand fir (Abies grandis) , western white pine (Pinus monticola), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) , and western larch (Larix occidentalis) . The diversity in environmental cond­ itions of these zones can easily be imagined for they extend through 7 degrees of latitude, cross the width of the Cascade Range, and range through as much as 5,000 feet of elevation. The wealth of tree species, a history of past disturbances, and a complex and diverse environmental mosaic have produced an apparently chaotic assemblage of forest types within the Abies-Tsuga Zones. It was apparent that these forests needed to be stratified into areas of essentially equivalent environment, i.e., habitat types, before meaningful autecological and 1 silvicultural research could be carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Association and Ggyst Management Guide for the Pacific
    United States Department of Agriculture Plant Association and - Forest Service ggystPacific Management Guide ?6-Ecol-130a-1983 for the Pacific Silver Fir Zone Gifford Pinchot National Forest Plant Association and Management Guide for the Pacific Silver .Fir’Zone Gifford Pinchot National Forest By Dale G. Brockway, Forest Ecologist Christopher Topik, Assistant Forest Ecologist Miles A. Hemstrom, Area Ecologist William H. Emmingham, Extension Silviculture Specialist, Oregon State University R6-Ecoi-130a-1983 June 1983 Table of Contents LISTOFFIGURES .......................................... i LISTOFTABLES .......................................... ii INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1 METHODS AND NOMENCLATURE ...................................... Methods Nomenclat;r;!::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::: PLANT ASSOCIATIONS ......................................... An Overview 5 Ecological Inieip;eiaiib' : : : : 1 1 : : : : : : 1 : : : : : 1 : : : : : : : : 1 1 : : : : : : Management Considerations ................................... 15 KEY TO PLANT ASSOCIATIONS ..................................... UseoftheKey ......................................... f : TheKey .. .. 28 Species List and .................................Illustrations : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ASSOCIATIONS ................................ Pacific Silver Fir/Salal Association .............................. Pacific Silver Fir/Dwarf Oregon Grape Association Pacific Silver Fir/Vanillaleaf-Queencup Beadlily
    [Show full text]
  • Abies Grandis), the Lovely Fir (Abies Amabilis) and Hemlock (Tsuga Heterophylla
    WESTERN SPRUCE AND THE WAR Thirty thousand men are enlisted by the United States Govern­ ment in the Spruce Service here in the Pacific Northwest. The pur­ pose is to get an abundance of the best wood for the construction of airplanes to be used in the present Great World War. It has been known for a long time that Spruce is one of the best of woods for the long "spars" in the wings of the airplanes. When the United States declared war, in April, 1917, the need of thousands of fighting airplanes was recognized, and attention was instantly directed toward the large Spruce trees at the mouths of Puget Sound rivers and elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. Development was rushed, and interest has been keen in this new lumber industry where lumbering enterprises had been familiar since the earliest arrival of white men. The history of this tree and the great coniferous forests of the Northwest will be of value at this time. Probably not less than nine­ tenths of the original forests of the Pacific Northwest were composed of one species of trees - Pseudotsuga faxifolia - commonly called Douglas Fir. It is one of the best of the American timber trees, and for many years was about the only one used by our millmen and shippers. The next in abundance and use was the Cedar - Thuja plicata or Thuja gigantea, as it is named in Sargent's Silva. The wood of this tree was used for finishings and more especially for shingles. In later years_ there have been developed some uses for White Fir (Abies grandis), the Lovely Fir (Abies amabilis) and Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla).
    [Show full text]
  • Of Blowndown Timber Experiment Station General Technical Report and Potential Problems PNW-167 April 1984 Associated With
    United States Departmen t of Agriculture Deterioration Rates Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range of Blowndown Timber Experiment Station General Technical Report and Potential Problems PNW-167 April 1984 Associated With Product Recovery EDITOR'S Paul E. Aho and James M. Cahill FILE COPY This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Mis-scans identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Authors PAUL E. AH0 is a research plant pathologist at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 3200 Jeffer- son Way, Corvallis, OR 97331. JAMES M. CAHILL is a research forester at the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208. Contents Abstract 2 Introduction Aho, Paul E.; Cahill, James M. Deterio- ration rates of blowndown timber and Factors Affecting Rate of Decay 3 potential problems associated with 4 Deterioration Rate by Tree Species product recovery. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-167. Portland, OR: U.S. Depart- Western Redcedar 5 ment of Agriculture, Forest Service, 6 Douglas-Fir Pacific Northwest Forest 2nd Range Experiment Station; 1984. 11 p. 7 Western Hemlock 7 Pacific Silver Fir This paper summarizes published reports of deterioration and product recovery 9 Product Recovery From Dead limber studies conducted on dead timber. Decay 9 Product Degrade and Volume Loss rates experienced in blowndown timber are presented for western redcedar 9 Scaling Problems (Thujaplicata Donn ex D. Don), Douglas- 10 Other Utilization Problems fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga Setting Priorities for Salvage Operations 10 heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific 10 Age and Species of Timber silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) ex Forbes).
    [Show full text]
  • People and the Temperate Region a Summary of Research from the United States Man and the Biosphere Program 1991
    United States Department of State People and the Temperate Region A Summary of Research from the United States Man and the Biosphere Program 1991 Editedby Peter F. Ffolliott School of Renewable Natural Resources University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona and Wayne T. Swank Southeastern Forest Experiment Station USDA Forest Service Otto, North Carolina ,,; UnitedStatesManandtheBiosphereProgram tl~ ~ -- . --- Forest and Meadow Communities of the Three Sister Biosphere Reserve Charles B. Halpern, Bradley G. Smith, and Jerry F. Franklin TheThreeSistersBiosphere Reserve Objectives encompassesnearly 100squarekilometers of virtually undisturbed land stradling the crest of the central CascadeMountains of Theobjectives of this study were to: Oregon. Although coniferous forests dominate, an array of other ecosystems -Describe the composition, struc- createsa diverse picturesquelandscape ture, and distribution of major (Figure 1). The Three Sisters Biosphere forest and meadow communities, Reserve, established as a primitive area in as well as their principal environ- 1933, was selected in 1974 to serve as a mental controls. control for the nearby experimentally oriented H. J. Andrews Biosphere Reserve. -Establish a series of permanent Ecological information about the Three sample plots for examining long- Sisters Biosphere Reserve was needed to term changes in the composition establish a basis for future comparative and structure of these communi- research with the intensively managed H. J. ties. Andrews Biosphere Reserve. FIGURE 1. Forest and meadow ecosystems in the Three Sisters Biosphere Reserve in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. 3 - I - . ~ Methods boundaries between forest and I meadow communities, was installed Field sampling, conducted over a 3- (Figure 2). Sites were selected to year period staning in 1981, documented represent a diversity of types and to the composition, structure.
    [Show full text]
  • MYCOTAXON Volume LX
    MYCOTAXON Volume LX. pp. 387-395 OclOber-December 1996 BRIDGEOPORUS, A NEW GENUS TO ACCOMMODATE OXYPORUS NOBILISSIMUS (BASIDIOMYCOTINA, POL YPORACEAE) Harold H. Burdsall, Jr., Thomas J. Volk, Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory *, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, One Gifford Pinchot Dr. , Madison, WI 53705 USA & Joseph F. Ammirati, Jr. Department of Botany. KB -15 , Uni versity of Washington, SeaUle W A 98195 USA ABSTRACT: The new genus Bridgeoporus is proposed to accommodate Oxyporus fJ obiUss;mus W.B. Cooke . Bridgeoporus is associated with a browo rot of wood, as opposed to the superfi cially similar genera Oxyporus and Rigidoporus, which are associated with while rot. Bridgeoporus lacks clamp connec tions at th e septa, is monomitic, possesses pseudocystidia , and bas a unique configuration of fascicles o f hyphae making up the upper surface of its pileus. Thi s combination of characters is found in no previously described genus . * The Forest Products Lab is maintained in cooperati on with the Uni versity of Wi scoosin 4 Madison. This publicati on was written and prepared by U.S. government employees 0 0 official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright. INTRODUCTION Oxyporus lIohilissimus W.B. Cooke (Cooke, 1949) has aUracted a great deal of aUention in the past several years (Christy, 1991; Coombs, 1991) because o f its large size, uncommon occurrence, unique appeardDce, and associalion with very large host trees. Commonly called the "Fuzzy Sandozi ," it has been reported infrequently (WTU Herbarium records; Trappe, 1990; Christy, 1991) since its discovery in 1943.
    [Show full text]