The Enfield Plan

Enfield’s Choices

Enfield’s Local Development Framework Core Strategy Issues & Options Report March 2007 Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council

Contents

Foreword i

0 Part 1: Planning Enfield's Future

1 Context 1 1.1 What sort of future do we want to see for Enfield? 1 1.2 The Enfield Plan 1 1.3 What we already know 1

2 A New Direction for Enfield 3 2.1 Background 3 2.2 Key Drivers of Change 3 2.3 Key Issues 4 2.4 The Triple Arc 6 2.5 Strategic Objectives 8 2.6 Your Views 9

0 Part 2 : Green Enfield

3 Introduction 11

4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity 13 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 Sustainable Design and Construction 13 4.3 Biodiversity 13 4.4 Energy and Renewable Energy 14 4.5 Waterways 14 4.6 Flooding 15 4.7 Waste 15 4.8 Aggregates 16 4.9 Your Views 18

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports 21 5.1 The Green Belt 21 5.2 Metropolitan Open Land 23 5.3 Open Spaces 23 5.4 Playing Pitches and Indoor Sports Facilities 25 5.5 Your Views 26

0 Part 3 : New Enfield

6 Introduction 31

7 Housing 33 7.1 Introduction 33 7.2 Protecting and Improving the Housing Stock 34 7.3 Managing the Supply of New Housing 35 7.4 Providing Affordable Housing 37 7.5 Providing Lifetime Homes and Housing to Meet Particular Needs 38 7.6 Your Views 40 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Contents

8 Community and Social Infrastructure 43 8.1 Introduction 43 8.2 Social Infrastructure 43 8.3 Improving Areas of Deprivation 44 8.4 Health 44 8.5 Education and Child Poverty 45 8.6 Your Views 46

9 Employment 49 9.1 Introduction 49 9.2 Balancing the Demand and Supply of Land for Employment Uses 49 9.3 Protecting Employment Land and Improving Job Quality 51 9.4 Developing the Skill and Employment Opportunities of Local People 53 9.5 Your Views 54

10 Transport 57 10.1 Introduction 57 10.2 Transport and Land Use 57 10.3 Public Transport 58 10.4 Parking 59 10.5 Freight 60 10.6 Accessibility 60 10.7 Your Views 61

11 Key Places for Change 63 11.1 Upper Lee Valley 63 11.2 65 11.3 Your Views 66

0 Part 4 : Heart of Enfield

12 Introduction 67

13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm 69 13.1 Residential Character 69 13.2 Urban Design 69 13.3 The Public Realm 70 13.4 Your Views 71

14 Conservation 73 14.1 Conservation Areas 73 14.2 Listed Buildings 74 14.3 Tree Protection 74 14.4 Archaeology and Ancient Monuments 74 14.5 Your Views 75 Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council

Contents

15 Town Centres and Retailing 77 15.1 Introduction 77 15.2 Town Centre Uses- Demand and Capacity 77 15.3 Management of Change in Town Centres 79 15.4 Entertainment, Leisure and the Evening and Night-time Economy 79 15.5 Your Views 80

0 Part 5 : What's Next

16 What's Next 83

0 Appendices

1 Enfield Strategic Partnership's Sustainable Community Strategy 1

2 Enfield's Spatial Portrait 3

3 Spatial Planning Framework 7

4 The Evidence Base 11

5 Components of the Local Development Framework 19

6 Glossary 21 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Contents Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council i

Foreword

This year sees the start of a wide reaching and long lasting initiative to enhance and protect Enfield’s quality of life. The Enfield Strategic Partnership, made up of the borough’s key organisations, has just approved a new Community Strategy for the borough. The Strategy introduces a bold new concept for Enfield to underpin the Strategy’s overall vision and provide a common basis for the Partners’ future plans to shape Enfield's future.

Enfield Council is now starting borough-wide consultation on the Enfield Plan, its Local Development Framework for shaping the future of the borough, which will make a vital contribution to achieving the Community Strategy’s vision. The Council, a key Partnership member, is seeking views and comments from people and organisations across Enfield as the first step. This foreword therefore introduces the Enfield Plan’s Issues and Options Report, which asks for your comments on the issues, opportunities and options facing Enfield today and in the future.

I would urge everyone who is concerned to see Enfield’s quality of life conserved and improved to send us your views now, and to continue to contribute to this new plan as it is prepared.

Councillor. ………..

March 2007 ii Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Foreword

Part 1

Planning Enfield’s Future

1 Context 2 A New Direction for Enfield Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 1

1 Context

1.1 What sort of future do we want to see for Enfield?

1.1.1 In March this year the Enfield Strategic Partnership agreed a new Community Strategy for the borough, “Enfield’s Future – a Sustainable Community Strategy for Enfield 2007 – 2017”. The partners are committed to making Enfield: -

A healthy prosperous cohesive community living in a borough that is safe, clean and green.

1.1.2 The Council is now preparing The Enfield Plan, its Local Development Framework, as a vital contribution to the development and implementation of the Community Strategy’s overall vision.

1.2 The Enfield Plan

1.2.1 The government’s new planning legislation(1) requires the Council to replace its Unitary Development Plan with a Local Development Framework. The LDF will be a portfolio of related documents, with its Core Strategy as the cornerstone planning text (appendix 5 gives more details).

1.2.2 To prepare the Core Strategy the Council needs to work with Enfield’s people and organisations to develop a spatial vision for the Borough’s future, to identify Enfield’s issues, challenges and opportunities, and to determine what options there are to deal with them. This Issues and Options Report sets out the Council’s initial findings and suggestions for your consideration and comment.

1.3 What we already know

1.3.1 This report builds on the Community Strategy and existing Council plans, strategies and studies. It recognises the requirements of national and -wide policies and strategies, and uses relevant national and regional studies and information.

The Sustainable Community Strategy sets out an overall borough vision and objectives and describes how the partner organisations will work together to realise the vision. Appendix 1 gives details of the strategy and the Enfield Strategic Partnership. To meet governmental requirements for preparing the LDF, the Council has prepared and approved a Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report, which sets out the background circumstances and evidence against which the sustainability of LDF policies and proposals will be assessed; and Annual Monitoring Reports which communicate the current status of plan preparation, primarily to the government. Both include a Spatial Portrait of the borough (reproduced in appendix 2), which looks at the historical development of the borough, its present circumstances and the key drivers for change now being experienced. The Council has also approved, after consultation and independent examination, a Statement of Community Involvement for the LDF which sets out how you will be involved in the preparation of the LDF documents. As a precursor for the new planning system, the Council consulted on and approved a Spatial Planning Framework for the Borough in 2003. Appendix 3 gives details.

1 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 2 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

1 Context

The Council also has a wide range of other strategies, studies and surveys, some produced specifically to support the LDF. These are listed in appendix 4, which gathers together the Evidence Base for the Core Strategy. The London Plan(2) and the Mayor of London’s other strategies have been taken fully into account. A wide range of studies, surveys, guidance notes and other documents produced by the Authority, the London Development Agency, Transport for London and other mayoral organisations have provided invaluable input, and have been included in appendix 4. Governmental planning policy statements and guidance notes have also been given full consideration; and its studies, best practice guidance and other relevant material have provided vital support in preparing this report (see appendix 4).

______

2 The London Plan: Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London, Greater London Authority (February 2004) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 3

2 A New Direction for Enfield

2.1 Background

2.1.1 Towards the end of 2006 the need for clear linkages between the various strategies of the Council and its Enfield partners became evident, so an overarching approach to the delivery of economic, social and environment well being in Enfield has been drawn up and included in the Enfield Strategic Partnership’s Sustainable Community Strategy to supply those linkages. This approach, the triple arc concept, is guided by the principles of sustainable development set out in the Government’s policy statement, “Delivering Sustainable Development”(3):

social progress which recognises the needs of everyone effective protection of the environment the prudent use of natural resources the maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment

2.1.2 The concept underpins the Sustainable Community Strategy, and sets out a clear direction for all the Council’s strategies and plans. It reflects national, regional and local priorities as set out in the government’s Sustainable Communities Plan, the Mayor’s London Plan, and other national and regional plans and strategies, including emerging plans and joint strategies such as the Upper Lee Vision. It was prepared in the context of the key sustainability issues agreed after consultation by the Council for Enfield’s Local Development Framework. It has taken into account the facts about Enfield set out in the Spatial Portrait of the borough (appendix 2) and the various appropriate documents of the evidence base (appendix 4) as well as the other sources of information referred to in Chapter 1. It is developed from consideration and assessment of the key drivers for change and the issues set out in the next sections of this chapter.

2.2 Key Drivers of Change

2.2.1 The drivers for change in Enfield range from international and national pressures through London-wide concerns to borough-wide and local issues. They include challenges such as how to respond to continued population growth and changing lifestyles, the implications of improvements in technology and the potentially enormous impact of climate change. Looking to the future, there are potential opportunities that could be harnessed for future enterprise and employment growth. Understanding what forces of change are likely to affect the borough and the policy frameworks in which they operate will help shape a vision for the future that reflects the priorities for Enfield and optimises the best use of the borough’s resources.

2.2.2 The key drivers of change for Enfield have been identified from consideration of government policy, and forces driving change in London as set out in the London Plan. All are influenced by the government’s commitment to sustainable development and its Sustainable Communities Agenda. Proposed changes in the role of local government, with increased involvement of the community and the development of a more active community and voluntary sector, will also influence future change in the borough. They can be categorised as: -

Demographic changes Social cohesion and inclusion Environmental imperatives Economic growth Technological changes

3 Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development (February 2005) 4 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

2 A New Direction for Enfield

2.2.3 Demographic Changes - Enfield’s population is expected to grow by about 6000 people by 2011. The greatest growth is expected to be concentrated in the south and east, where existing problems of economic deprivation and social inequality are greatest. To achieve a thriving population, the prosperity levels of borough residents need to be improved. The makeup of the borough’s population is also likely to change - it will become more ethnically diverse, it will be an ageing population (above the London average), but in contrast it will also have an above average number of children and young people. Family structures are expected to change with a continued increase in the number of single person households and a fall in average household size. Since 2001 there have been sharp rises in deprivation, as measured by average income, unemployment, health and life expectancy, crime, overcrowding and poor housing conditions. One possible contributory factor may be that the borough is ‘importing deprivation’. All London boroughs experience high levels of population turnover: although not particularly high by London standards, more than 6% of Enfield’s population changes each year through migration with some schools experiencing 50% pupil mobility in some year groups during the academic year.

2.2.4 Social Cohesion and Inclusion - The continuing need to tackle inequalities between communities of place and identity, particularly between the more affluent west and deprived south and eastern wards, will drive change in Enfield.

2.2.5 Environmental Imperatives -The need to ensure protection and enhancement of the environment and the prudent use of natural resources is increasingly recognised. Future developments in the borough will be driven by the need to make better use of key resources such as land, buildings and construction materials, water, energy and waste, whilst reducing emissions that contribute towards global warming.

2.2.6 Economic Growth - Enfield lies at the heart of the north London sub-region and is ideally placed between central London and two of the government’s Growth Areas – The London-Stansted-Cambridge-Peterborough Corridor and the Thames Gateway. Developing this strategic position and maximising benefits such as those potentially arising from the 2012 Olympics are crucial to building a strong future economy. A net growth of 636,000 jobs is forecast for London from 2001 to 2016. The most significant growth is expected in the finance and business services sector and people-orientated services. Public administration, primary/utilities and manufacturing sectors are expected to decline. The Mayor’s North London Sub-Regional Development Framework(4) suggests a growth in jobs of 26,000 across the north London sub region (but advises of a revised emerging estimate of 9,000).

2.2.7 Technological Changes - E-tailing, e-commerce, e-government and other technological developments are changing the way we live and work. Such changes could potentially ease competing demands on land but could also bring demands for land for new economic activity. The borough could also benefit from the expanding green economy. The environmental goods and services industry is becoming well-established in the UK and turnover in this market is expected to grow from £25 billion in 2005 to £34 billion in 2010 and to £46 billion in 2015.

2.3 Key Issues

2.3.1 Consideration of the drivers for change highlighted above, together with the values and priorities identified in the Sustainable Community Strategy, the policy context provided by national and regional policy, and other relevant borough documents set out in appendix 4, suggests that the key issues for planning for Enfield’s future are to:-

4 North London Sub-Regional Development Framework, GLA (May 2006) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 5

2 A New Direction for Enfield

Key issues to be addressed by the Plan

1. Address environmental issues - energy efficiency, water conservation, pollution, waste and climate change

2. Conserve and enhance the Borough’s biodiversity

3. Protect, enhance and improve access to the Green Belt and other public open space

4. Create balanced sustainable communities

5. Provide new and affordable homes for local people and in particular for families

6. Encourage enterprise and maximise potential economic benefits arising from 2012 Olympics

7. Develop the skills and capacity of local people

8. Improve orbital links within the borough and north London sub region

9. Provide key services in areas where they are needed and, in particular, address insufficient provision of social facilities for the young

10. Address social deprivation and unemployment particularly in the south and east of the borough

11. Address child poverty throughout the borough and in particular in the neighbourhood renewal area

12. Address inequalities in health conditions across the borough and improve life expectancy particularly in , Lower Edmonton, and Southbury

13. Address spatial inequalities in educational attainment between parts of the Borough and improve pupil achievement in the east of the borough including Upper Edmonton, Edmonton, Lower Edmonton, , and Turkey Street

14. Enhance the environment, improve connectivity and maximise the potential of the Upper Lee Valley in contributing towards the local economy

15. Improve the living environment along the North Circular Road

16. Protect the distinctive characteristics of the borough arising from its historical development

17. Promote social cohesion

18. Address the causes of fear of crime and high levels of crime particularly in the south east of the borough

19. Improve the quality and appearance of Enfield’s public spaces and street scene

20. Strengthen Enfield’s town centres 6 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

2 A New Direction for Enfield

2.4 The Triple Arc

2.4.1 The Triple Arc concept is being put forward to address these key issues, as a clear and bold approach to delivering economic, social and environmental well being in Enfield. To achieve the overall vision of Enfield’s Community Strategy, Enfield will become a healthy, prosperous, cohesive community living in a borough that is safe, clean and green. It will be one of the best places to live, work, study, visit and do business. Enfield’s extensive attributes and strong local identity will make the borough a place of choice for residents, businesses and investors. Enfield’s communities will be balanced, culturally diverse and socially cohesive. Residents will be healthy and prosperous. The provision of good quality housing, educational and employment opportunities, accessible services and facilities, and a cleaner and greener environment will improve the health of residents, narrow the gap in health inequalities and social deprivation and improve people’s lives, particularly the lives and prospects of children and young people.

2.4.2 The key characteristic aspects of Enfield, which can be described as Green Enfield, New Enfield and Heart of Enfield, will be enhanced.

Green Enfield: Enfield will make more of its great natural resources located in the north of the borough and along the Lee Valley corridor New Enfield: The south and east of Enfield will be improved, where needed, building upon local heritage, and proximity to parkland and waterfront, to create distinctive, balanced communities Heart of Enfield: The pleasant suburban townscape, in the heart of Enfield, will be retained and enhanced

2.4.3 This Triple Arc has no hard boundaries. Green Enfield represents the need to preserve and maximise the benefits of natural assets and open space located across the borough. New Enfield represents challenge, change and opportunities for the borough, and the Heart of Enfield is representative of need to protect and enhance the borough’s local distinctiveness. There will be improved linkages; east- west movement will be strengthened drawing the natural environment south and west into the built areas. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 7

2 A New Direction for Enfield

Northern Gateway

Enfield Town

Ponders End Green Enfield

Southgate New Enfield Edmonton

Palmers Green The Heart of Enfield Green

Western Eastern Gateway Angel Gateway Edmonton

Figure 2.1 Triple Arc 8 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

2 A New Direction for Enfield

2.5 Strategic Objectives

2.5.1 Using the Triple Arc concept as an underpinning input to the spatial planning documents of Enfield’s LDF, and considering the key issues identified earlier in this chapter and the objectives of the Sustainable Community Strategy, a comprehensive series of spatial objectives has been derived:

Strategic Objectives

Green Enfield

1. To become an exemplary, sustainable borough by addressing the causes and impact of climate change and developing the green economy

2. To increase biodiversity and protect and enhance areas rich in biodiversity including the William Girling and King George V reservoir Sites of Special Scientific Interest to the east of the borough and ancient woodlands in Chase and

3. To protect and enhance Enfield’s invaluable green resources, retaining the open character of the borough and safeguarding the Green Belt and other public open for the enjoyment Enfield’s residents now and in the future

4. To create enhanced learning, leisure and recreational opportunities and improve access to green areas

New Enfield

5. To provide high quality sustainably constructed new homes to meet the aspirations of local people

6. To build distinctive, balanced communities

7. To provide new affordable homes and homes for families, whilst creating a sustainable social mix

8. To provide new community facilities, including schools, health and social services, to meet the needs of the existing and growing population in places that are accessible

9. To reduce social deprivation, child poverty and inequalities in health and educational attainment between residents living in east and west of the borough

10. To maximise the economic potential of the borough, including the employment locations in the Upper Lee Valley and Enfield’s town centres and to capitalise on the benefits arising from 2012 Olympics

11. To reduce levels of unemployment, particularly amongst young people and disadvantaged sections of the community and support the development of skills to enable all residents to access the employment market Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 9

2 A New Direction for Enfield

12. To improve movement, accessibility and orbital links within the borough and north London sub region and reduce the adverse environmental impact of travel

13. To improve the environment, infrastructure and economic and social wellbeing in North East Enfield and Central Leaside

14. To connect with the waterfront and draw the high quality natural environment of the Lee Valley into the heart of nearby communities

15. To improve the quality of life of residents living in proximity to the North Circular Road

Heart of Enfield

16. To preserve the local distinctiveness of the borough, improve the quality and attractiveness of the public realm, develop civic pride, create better places, secure environments and inclusive communities through good urban design

17. To safeguard established communities and safeguard the quality of the local environment

18. To protect the borough’s archaeological sites, scheduled ancient monuments, buildings of national and local architectural or historic special interest ("listed buildings"), conservation areas, and historic parks and gardens

19. To enhance and strengthen Enfield’s town centres to meet the needs of the communities they serve and attract residents and visitors and support the growth of the service sector economy

2.6 Your Views

Question 1

Do the Triple Arc concept and these strategic objectives provide a useful approach to identifying the issues and options which need to be addressed when planning for Enfield’s future? Should they be modified, and if so, how? 10 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

2 A New Direction for Enfield

Part 2

Green Enfield

3 Introduction 4 Environmental Resources: Climate Change, and Biodiversity 5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 11

3 Introduction

Green Enfield

The Green Enfield concept represents the need to preserve and maximise the benefits of natural assets and open space located across the borough. Whilst this applies to many areas across the borough, it is of particular relevance for the green arc that wraps around the northern and eastern edge of the borough, providing an extensive countryside fringe to Enfield which is one of the major attractions of the borough. From in the west to in the south, Green Enfield contains a wide range of leisure and recreational opportunities including country parks, historic buildings, horticultural centres and attractive waterways and locks.

If the concept is realised, the green environment will become an integral part of living, learning, working and playing in the borough. The Green Belt and other public open space will be safeguarded and enhanced for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of Enfield and future generations. Country parks, woodland and waterfronts will form the backdrop for a 21st century lifestyle. A wide range of outdoor leisure and cultural activities will be available on the doorstep.

Biodiversity in the borough will increase. Areas rich in biodiversity including the William Girling and King George’s reservoirs to the east of the borough and ancient woodlands in Chase and Cockfosters will be protected and enhanced. Access to green spaces and levels of biodiversity will be increased in areas of deficiency.

Enfield will become an exemplary, sustainable borough with all new developments contributing towards the need to preserve natural resources, be energy efficient, conserve water, reduce pollution and waste, and address the causes of climate change.

To support this concept, the new Plan will pursue the reduction of traffic congestion and associated air pollution levels throughout the borough, in particular, in areas such as the North Circular Corridor. 12 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

3 Introduction Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 13 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 The world's climate is changing. Global warming left unchecked will result in changes to our natural environment and also challenge our prosperity and social cohesion. This will have implications globally but also locally on the environment, economic and social well-being of Enfield's people. The Enfield Plan will have a key role to play in the borough's response to these challenges - such as in delivering more sustainable patterns of growth, reducing the need to travel and ensuring new developments use resources more efficiently. It will help shape the places people live, planning for homes, jobs and infrastructure and protecting biodiversity.

Strategic Objectives

1. To become an exemplary, sustainable borough by addressing the causes and impact of climate change and developing the green economy

2. To increase biodiversity and protect and enhance areas rich in biodiversity including the William Girling and King George V reservoir Sites of Special Scientific Interest to the east of the borough and ancient woodlands in Chase and Cockfosters

4.2 Sustainable Design and Construction

4.2.1 Over the last few years the Council has been at the forefront in promoting the principles of sustainable design and construction. Developers are required to demonstrate how they have addressed these principles when submitting planning applications for residential and commercial developments. More recently the government has introduced a Code for Sustainable Homes for assessing the environmental performance of individual buildings and sets minimum standards for certain aspects of construction. Crucially the Code only applies to residential developments. In line with government guidance(5), the Code will form the future basis of the borough's sustainable design and construction requirements. The new Plan could require higher standards of building performance in response to local circumstances or site specific opportunities if they can be justified. It could also extend the requirements for sustainable design and construction to commercial developments.

4.3 Biodiversity

4.3.1 Enfield has a rich biodiversity with a number of sites of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation including Whitewebbs Park and much of the Lee Valley, as well as a Site of Special Scientific Interest at the Lee Valley Reservoirs. These are protected through national legislation and policies in the London Plan. There is also a network of Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) at the borough and more local level. Some of these sites are joined together with green corridors allowing wildlife to move between them. As the London Plan sets down the basic policy framework, and the Borough must identify such sites on the Proposals Map, no specific question is asked at this stage.

5 Draft Planning Policy Statement: Planning and Climate Change, Supplement to PPS 1 (December 2006) 14 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

4.4 Energy and Renewable Energy

4.4.1 The Borough has a modern gas powered power station at . It is however anticipated that additional energy supply will be needed in parts of the Borough, such as the Lee Valley, in the future. The London Plan contains strong policies on energy provision and for production of renewable energy, including as a component of the energy generated on new schemes. The new Plan could promote the development of local energy generation schemes to provide heat and power close to the point of use. It could also explore opportunities for combined cooling, heat and power systems as part of new developments.

4.4.2 Parts of Enfield's open areas, particularly in the green belt, may have potential for renewable energy development. In planning terms wind generators and associated facilities, such as access roads, are inappropriate development in the green belt; however national policy in PPS22(6)indicates that the environmental benefits of renewable generators may constitute ‘very special circumstances’. Such circumstances would need to be balanced very carefully against other benefits and disbenefits to the green belt, including visual impact.

4.4.3 Much of the western part of the green belt is highly sensitive to landscape change and therefore large parts may not be visually suitable for a windfarm, but may be suitable for other renewable energy schemes. Another potential sustainable use of the green belt is for biofuels – i.e. crops which can be made into bio-diesel and are potentially carbon neutral, or burned directly to generate energy. The impact on the local landscape, ecology, archaeology and public access must be considered alongside the operational parameters.

4.5 Waterways

4.5.1 Enfield has the longest length of waterways of all the London boroughs. Pymmes Brook, Salmon’s Brook, Turkey Brook and their tributaries create a network which flows across the borough to join the River Lea. The borough also contains the New River and the William Girling and King George V's reservoirs. Enfield’s waterways form part of a London-wide ‘Blue Ribbon Network’ of key waterways, the potential environmental, economic and social benefits of which are recognised in the London Plan.

4.5.2 Enfield's waterways are valuable assets to the borough with the potential to improve people’s quality of life through the creation and improvement of open spaces and opportunities for recreation along their courses; enhancement of local biodiversity and habitat provision; providing opportunities for sustainable transport; and in mitigating flood risk. The waterways also have the potential to contribute to the redevelopment and regeneration of areas along their courses, particularly where these flow through the Upper Lea Valley.

6 Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy (August 2004) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 15 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

4.6 Flooding

4.6.1 A large part of the Lee Valley and its tributaries is subject to significant flooding. The Environment Agency is conducting a Flood Risk Management Strategy for the Lee which will be completed in 2007. The Lower Lee catchment is heavily urbanised with large parts of the floodplain developed. The combination of man-made surfaces and clay soils means the local rivers respond rapidly to rainfall and are liable to sudden flooding after storms. Major flooding in 1947 led to the construction of the River Lee Flood Relief Channel. The flood relief almost reached capacity in 1987, 1993 and 2000. Flooding in its tributaries, such as the Salmons Brook and Pymmes Brook, has happened several times in the last 20 years.

4.6.2 The initial findings of the Environment Agency's Flood Risk Management Strategy suggest maintaining the existing defences to their current standard of flood protection. Major flood protection works are already underway on Salmons Brook in the Grange Park area.

4.6.3 However, the main problem is the under-capacity of the River Lee flood relief channel. Increasing the capacity of, or dualling the channel has been rejected as uneconomic and options are being considered for flood storage improvements in the upper parts of the catchments, improving existing defences in areas such as Enfield Lock and improving localised flood storage at critical locations.

4.6.4 One of the most difficult issues to solve is the high risk of flooding in parts of the Central Leaside area where the main channel of the Lee has no dedicated defences and the flood relief channel has limited capacity. It is however, a key area within the London Plan's Upper Lee Opportunity Area for large scale regeneration (see Part 3).

4.6.5 In line with government policy (PPS 25(7)) the Council intends to carry out a strategic flood risk assessment to inform the development of the new Plan. This will provide evidence of whether flood risk in parts of the borough can be made acceptable and reduced by making choices over suitable locations for particular uses and a range of flood protection methods. Flooding is not just an issue for areas within the flood plain. New development within the borough can affect runoff and drainage patterns which in turn influence the borough’s watercourses. Flood risk can be reduced through the introduction of measures to reduce runoff such as sustainable urban drainage systems (including swales and basins) or green roofs.

4.7 Waste

4.7.1 The has traditionally relied on landfill and incineration as key methods of waste disposal. The introduction of the EU Landfill Directive in 1995, and its subsequent UK implementation as the Landfill Allowances Trading Scheme has shifted national waste management policy away from a dependence on landfill. The Landfill Directive will mean that waste management authorities will be fined for waste that is sent to landfill above a statutory target of 75% of the waste produced in 1995. Waste operators must therefore develop more sustainable forms of waste disposal such as better recycling, producing energy from waste, and reusing recovered materials.

4.7.2 A New Sub Regional Plan for Waste - Enfield Council has entered into a partnership with the London Boroughs of Barnet, Camden, Haringey, Hackney, Islington and Waltham Forest, to produce a Joint Waste Development Plan Document (JWDPD) to plan for the development and

7 Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk (December 2006) 16 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

location of waste facilities throughout North London. It will contain planning policies and proposals to deal with North London's waste. The JWDPD will be part of each boroughs' Local Development Framework, and will be adopted separately by each of the boroughs. It will ultimately form part of the Enfield Plan.

4.7.3 Preparation of this joint waste plan will require close working with the sub-regional waste disposal authority, the North London Waste Authority (NLWA). The NLWA is the waste disposal authority for the seven boroughs working jointly on the JWDPD. The partner authorities have already produced a joint strategy for municipal waste between 2004-2020. This includes the achievement of 45% recycling and composting rates.

4.7.4 However given the steady overall increase in the amount of waste generated, Enfield will, with the other boroughs, need to consider possible sites for new waste facilities which will compete with other potential uses of land. These issues will be considered as part of the preparation and consultation on the JWDPD so no specific question is asked here.

4.8 Aggregates

4.8.1 Minerals - The London Plan requires Borough plans to identify and safeguard aggregate resources suitable for extraction. Historically, parts of the valley floor of the Lee Valley have provided significant deposits of fluvial aggregates of use in construction. The Regional Park also has former areas of aggregate workings.

4.8.2 Historically, Enfield was a significant provider of sand and gravel, but workable reserves are now nearly depleted. The King George V reservoir may have potential for dredging sand and gravel but reserves and feasibility of extraction are currently unknown. If reserves are available, dredging may also increase the water storage potential, however, it is a site of special scientific interest and lies within the Green Belt and the Lee Valley Regional Park.

4.8.3 In line with the London Plan, the new Plan should identify and safeguard aggregate resources suitable for extraction. It could also consider resisting any development which would preclude such extraction. In each case an Environmental Assessment could be carried out including studies to ascertain the extent and quality of the gravel reserves and whether the site contains significant archaeological and ecological features. These studies will have an important bearing, not only on whether extraction should be permitted, but also on the manner of any extraction and restoration, and the after-use of a site. All proposals for gravel extraction should seek to minimise any adverse impact on Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation and to mitigate any unavoidable damage.

4.8.4 Demolition and Construction Waste - Deposits of land-won aggregate material for sand and gravel are in relatively low supply within the boundaries of London but remain a valuable resource that requires some measure of protection, and when appropriate exploitation. There are sites in the Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area where construction waste is processed into aggregate. The issues of reclaiming and recycling construction and demolition waste, as well as using sustainable alternative transport modes, such as existing canal wharves, are issues where real change is possible. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 17 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

4.8.5 In line with national(8)and regional policy, the new Plan will need to consider the reclamation and recycling of building materials within the borough, as well as the reuse of existing structures where practicable. The London Plan sets a target the target of 80% re-use of construction and demolition waste and the 60% re-use of waste as aggregates by 2011.

8 Minerals Planning Statement 1: Planning and Minerals (November 2006) 18 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

4.9 Your Views

Question 2

Ensuring high standards of sustainable design and construction for residential buildings

The government has introduced a Code for Sustainable Homes for assessing the environmental performance of individual residential buildings. Should the new Plan reflect the Code or seek higher standards of sustainable design and construction than this national Code for some or all of the following?

water efficiency surface water drainage site waste management and household waste management and recycling.

Please give reasons which can support any higher standards that you suggest.

Question 3

Ensuring high standards of sustainable design and construction for other buildings

Should the new Plan seek higher standards of sustainable design and construction for commercial buildings to which the Government's Code for Sustainable Homes does not apply?

Question 4

Promoting energy efficiency and new forms of renewable energy

Should the new plan contain provision for renewable energy developments in the borough?

What kind of developments would you support and where?

Please give reasons why you would not support renewable energy developments in the borough. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 19 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity

Question 5

Managing flood risk

In areas of high flood risk within the Lee valley, should the new Plan either:

1. Strongly resist more vulnerable uses – effectively restricting development to less vulnerable uses such as warehousing; or

2. Assess the scope for reducing and mitigating the problems of flooding, including naturalisation of watercourses and river restoration, as part of any regeneration and development proposals? 20 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 4 Environmental Resources, Climate Change, and Biodiversity Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 21

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Strategic Objectives

3. To protect and enhance Enfield’s invaluable green resources, retaining the open character of the borough and safeguarding the Green Belt and other public open for the enjoyment Enfield’s residents now and in the future

4. To create enhanced learning, leisure and recreational opportunities and improve access to green areas

5.1 The Green Belt

5.1.1 Protection and Enhancement- Almost a third of Enfield is designated as Green Belt. It falls into two distinct parts; the rolling hills and historic pastoral landscapes in the north west around Trent Park, and Whitewebbs Park, and the section of the Lee Valley on the Borough’s eastern borders.

5.1.2 These two distinct areas each have their own specific issues. In the north west the focus is on how best to protect and enhance historic landscape features given the changing nature of the agricultural economy; whilst in the Upper Lee Valley key issues relates to how best to improve and secure public access to, and recreation in, the Lee Valley Regional Park.

Crews Hill Whitewebbs Botany Bay Park Rammey Albany Marsh Park

Enfield Chase Enfield Playing Durants Fields Park Trent Park

Key Lee Valley Oakwood Bush Hilll Reservoirs Green Belt Park Park World’s End Jubillee Park

Metropolitan Open Land Edmonton Cemetery

Pymmes Park Arnos Broomfield Park Park

5.1.3 Protection and retention of the Green Belt as a whole is one of the Council’s key objectives as well as being a requirement of national and London policy. Except for defined land uses, such as agriculture and essential facilities for outdoor sport and outdoor recreation, there is a presumption against new buildings in the Green Belt. Special provision is also required to be made for intensive recreational uses in the Lee Valley Park, as identified in the Park Plan. Maintaining green belt protection in the new Plan is therefore not an issue and no specific question is asked in this document. 22 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

5.1.4 Protection of the Green Belt is not just a passive policy; it also has a series of positive objectives set down in government policy (PPG2(9)), including access to the countryside, securing nature conservation interest and retaining land in agricultural, forestry and related uses. The LDF's Core Strategy will need to set out a broad approach towards meeting the Green Belt objectives in the two different parts of Enfield’s Green Belt.

5.1.5 Reviewing the Green Belt boundary - In preparing the new Plan it is necessary to consider the need for a strategic review of the Green Belt’s boundaries. There is no evidence to suggest that this is required for the western part of the Green Belt at this stage. For the Lee Valley area however there may be some very special circumstances which could justify a strategic review of the Green Belt boundary. Any such review of the Green Belt boundary will need to be carried out as part of the LDF process. The outcome of any review will need to be set out in the Core Strategy and detailed boundary redefinitions set out in the Proposals Map.

5.1.6 Farm Diversification - The Council owns much of the western part of the Green Belt so has special responsibilities in this regard. The current size of farms is uneconomic and they are being consolidated. This will lead to a number of agricultural buildings requiring new uses. Government policy (PPS7(10)) requires the new Plan to have policies which are supportive of well-conceived farm diversification schemes for business purposes that contribute to sustainable development objectives and help to sustain the agricultural enterprise, whilst being consistent in their scale within their rural location. Proposals for diversification in Green Belts should also be given favourable consideration where the development preserves the openness of the area and does not conflict with the purposes of its inclusion within the Green Belt.

5.1.7 Enfield's Green Belt has particular relevance to supporting a sustainable rural and land-based economy around London, providing opportunities for organic farming, renewable energy and biofuels 4.4 ‘Energy and Renewable Energy’ and the educational role of farming. The new Plan can set out locally specific criteria for assessing the suitability of such proposals.

5.1.8 Major developed sites - The Green Belt contains a number of major educational, community and employment establishments in areas such as Middlesex University at Trent Park and .

5.1.9 Trent Park is a historic country house and set in a Humphry Repton Landscape. It is designated both as a historic park and a conservation area and is situated in the Green Belt. The site is currently used as a campus for Middlesex University. Over the years a number of poor quality buildings have been developed which on occasions have debased the historic landscape. The campus is surrounded by Trent Country Park, a key asset for the borough in its own right where any proposals for improvements to visitor facilities must be considered in the context of protecting this valued landscape.

5.1.10 Crews Hill used to be a major area of glasshouses. After the second-world war the decline in the horticultural sector led to some becoming disused. A number adapted to garden centre use, which is not inappropriate development in Green Belt policy terms if it is strictly ancillary to an agricultural/ horticultural use. Today, however, Crews Hill attract shoppers from across north London and south Hertfordshire. The area suffers from extensions and buildings erected without planning permission and several inappropriate uses. The commercial success of the area has meant that during weekends and bank holidays the area suffers from traffic congestion, particularly around the station. Development in Crews Hill has also eroded the rural character of the area.

9 Planning Policy Guidance 2: Green Belts (January 1995) 10 Planning Policy Statement 7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas (August 2004) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 23

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Long term enforcement of the generally restrictive current UDP policies has proved to be difficult in circumstances where a number of garden centres have become the primary use rather than ancillary, as well as introducing other uses. Several sites contain long established uses which are inappropriate in the Green Belt but immune from enforcement action. Improving the situation creates policy dilemmas given the constraints of green belt policy. In 1994 the Council consulted on whether green belt status should be maintained and concluded that it should. The new Plan provides an opportunity to consider the long term future for Crews Hill. A study commissioned by the Council to consider the current enforcement and traffic issues in Crews Hill is due to be completed later this year and will provide further evidence for the development of preferred options for the area.

5.2 Metropolitan Open Land

5.2.1 The Metropolitan Open Land (MOL) designation is unique to London, and protects strategically important open spaces within built up areas. It gives the same level of protection as the Green Belt. 534 hectares of land are protected by this designation in Enfield. There is no evidence to suggest that any significant changes should be made to the existing Metropolitan Open Land designations.

5.3 Open Spaces

5.3.1 The sports and recreation activities made possible by open space facilities underpin people’s quality of life and are fundamental in delivering the Government’s broader objectives of health and well-being, promoting social inclusion and community cohesion. In general Enfield has a good supply of sport and recreation facilities on open spaces, but they are not evenly spread across the borough. The new Plan will need to focus on the key issues of protecting and improving current provision and managing the future demand and supply. The Council has commissioned a detailed study of the open spaces, sports and recreation facilities in the borough to inform this work(11).

5.3.2 Protecting open spaces - Enfield benefits from a large number of parks and both public and private open spaces. There are over 340 open spaces over 0.4 hectares in size, together totaling some 2005 hectares. Public parks make up over 35% of this total area. Privately owned outdoor sports facilities (including golf courses) make up 22% of the total. However some areas are deficient in for instance parks, allotments or children's play areas, particularly in the south and east.

11 Enfield's Open Space and Sports Assessment, Atkins (August 2006) - referred to within this document as "The Open Space Study" or "The Study" 24 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

5.3.3 The new Plan will continue to protect the borough's open spaces in line with Government policy(12) and the London Plan. It will need to set out a hierarchy of public parks and other open space uses identifying their role and functions, reflecting the London Plan and Government guidance. The hierarchy could be classified under two broad categories as follows:-

Public Open Space: public parks, commons, heaths and woodlands and other open spaces with established and unrestricted public access, or

Private Open Space: open space to which public access is restricted or not formally established but which contributes to local amenity or wildlife habitat or meets or is capable of meeting recreational or non-recreational needs, including school and private playing fields

5.3.4 Using this classification as the basis for policy can help prevent public open space changing to private open space use, and prevent loss of private open space where it can meet another open space need. It can also help to identify areas of the borough which have a deficiency or surplus in a particular type of open space and assist in planning for future demand.

5.3.5 Deficiencies in access - The borough has a large number of good quality public parks covering over 700 ha. However these are not evenly distributed across the borough, resulting in some areas of deficiencies in terms of access. The Open Space Study recommends that an additional 16 ha of open space would need to be brought into public use to address this deficiency and recommends that a standard of 2.43 ha per 1,000 population be included in the new Plan to meet the needs of the borough up to 2016.

12 Planning Policy Guidance 17: Planning for Open Space, Sports and Recreation (July 2002) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 25

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

5.3.6 The Study also identified deficiencies in the distribution of allotments across the borough. However these deficiencies are not evenly spread across the borough, and some existing allotments have continuing vacant posts. The Study recommends that a standard of 0.67 ha of allotment land per 1,000 population be included in the new Plan to meet the needs of the borough by 2016. A more detailed study of the Council’s allotments is planned for this year.

5.3.7 There are currently 43 sites in Enfield providing children’s play spaces although they are not evenly distributed across the borough and about a quarter of them do not meet all the criteria for children's playspace set out by the National Playing Fields Association (NPFA). The greatest deficiencies in access to children’s play provision are in the centre and north-west of the borough. The Study recommends that the new Plan includes a children’s playspace standard of 0.8 ha per 1,000 population.

5.3.8 Since the Study was concluded the GLA has published draft Supplementary Planning Guidance on Children’s and Young Peoples Play and Recreation(13) which considers the particular circumstances facing London, particularly the need for more provision in high density development and the need to avoid a proliferation of small facilities with high maintenance costs. It suggests a different approach to setting standards for the provision playspace and recommends a standard of 10 sq m of playspace per child.

5.3.9 Improving open spaces - In order to meet the current deficiencies in the distribution and type of open spaces in the borough, the new Plan could require that certain types of new development should be accompanied by proposals to improve open space provision. For example if the proposed development is located within an identified area of deficiency for public parks or children’s play additional land could be required for the relevant open space use, or if not practical, contributions for off-site provision.

5.3.10 In terms of children’s play provision, the nature of such improvements would need to reflect the additional play provision needs generated as a result of the proposed development. The exact form of play provision should be identified following consultation with the local community to identify local priorities.

5.3.11 If the proposed development is not in an area deficient in open space then consideration could be given to resolving any deficiency in quality or value of existing facilities. The new Plan could also require developers to make a contribution towards upgrading or enhancing existing provision.

5.4 Playing Pitches and Indoor Sports Facilities

5.4.1 Playing Pitch Supply and Demand - Enfield currently has a total of 273 football pitches (including full size, junior and mini pitches), 49 cricket pitches, 26 rugby pitches and 8 Artificial Turf Pitches, 238 of which are in secured public use. The Open Space Study confirms that the borough has enough playing pitches to meet future demand to 2016 and that distribution of pitches within the borough is fairly even, with most of the borough within a 15-minute walk. Taking account the

13 Draft Supplementary Planning Guidance: Children’s and Young Peoples Play and Recreation, GLA (October 2006) 26 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

existing provision and demand, latent demand and the scale of the strategic reserve, the Study recommends that the new Plan should include a standard of 0.78 ha of pitch space per 1,000 population to meet the needs of the borough up to 2016.

5.4.2 Applying this standard would mean that by 2016 there could potentially be a surplus of up to 73 pitches in the borough. National policy requires that any surplus must first be considered in the context of the need to improve the existing stock (grant aided where possible) and address all types of deficiencies (such as quality, quantity or access) before determining which pitches might be surplus. Following this exercise, any pitches proven to be surplus could then help to meet other open space needs such as addressing deficiencies in public parks, informal public open spaces, natural open spaces or allotments.

5.4.3 Indoor Sports Facilities - The Open Space Study concludes that there would be insufficient unmet demand within the Borough between 2001 and 2016 to justify the development of any new swimming pool facilities. Taking into account new and planned dual use sports hall facilities at four schools it expected that there will however, be sufficient demand in the borough to justify the provision of up to 6 further sports halls, equivalent in size to 24 badminton courts.

5.5 Your Views

Question 6

Reviewing the Green Belt boundary

Is there a need for a strategic review of the green belt boundary in the north west of the borough?

Is there a need for a strategic review of the green belt boundary in the Lee Valley in the east of the borough? Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 27

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Question 7

Farm diversification

National policy requires the new Plan to include policies to support farm diversification schemes.

What locally specific criteria should be used to assess proposals for diversification of farming units and buildings? Examples of specific criteria could include the protection of views and landscapes and the need to consider the impact of intensification of uses.

Question 8

Major developed sites within the Green Belt

The green belt contains a number of major educational, community and employment establishments in areas such as Trent Park and Crews Hill.

What do you think the Plan should say about the future of major developed sites in the Green Belt?

Question 9

Crews Hill

The new Plan provides an opportunity to consider the long term future for Crews Hill. Which of the following options would you support?

1. Continue to apply the current green belt controls and policies in the area?

2. Take a more proactive approach recognising the area's employment and commercial activities, whilst retaining its Green Belt status?

3. Carry out a review of the Green Belt status of the area?

Are there any other options you would like to suggest?

Question 10

Metropolitan Open Land

Is there a need to review the existing Metropolitan Open Land designations? 28 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Question 11

Protecting, enhancing and improving access to existing open spaces

The new Plan will develop a hierarchy of open spaces to help meet existing demand and plan future provision. Do you support the principle of classifying the borough's open spaces into:-

Public Open Space - defined as public parks, commons, heaths and woodlands and other open spaces with established and unrestricted public access and capable of being classified according to the open space hierarchy which meets recreational and non-recreational needs; or

Private Open Space - defined as open space to which public access is restricted or not formally established but which contributes to local amenity or wildlife habitat or meets or is capable of meeting recreational or non-recreational needs, including school and private playing fields

Are there any alternative classifications you consider would be more appropriate?

Question 12

Balancing the supply and demand for open space

Evidence from the Open Space Study suggests that parts of the borough are deficient in access to public parks, allotments and children's playspace. The new Plan will set standards for the provision of open spaces in new developments. Do you agree that new developments should be assessed against the following benchmark standards of:

2.43 ha per 1,000 population for public parks?

and

0.67 ha per 1,000 population for allotments?

and

0.8 ha per 1,000 population for children's play provision?

What alternative evidence-based standards would you suggest? Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 29

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Question 13

Balancing the supply and demand for open space

Do you support the principle of seeking to secure improvements to deficiencies in open space and children’s play provision through developer contributions?

What alternative approach would you suggest?

Question 14

Balancing the supply and demand for playing pitches and indoor sports

Evidence suggests there is a surplus of playing pitches within the borough. Which option do you support?

1. Playing pitches should not be lost, unless of poor quality and poorly used, and not capable of meeting local deficiencies in pitches (in whole or part), in which case the first priority should be meeting deficiencies in other open space provision on part or all of the site. Only then will limited loss of residual parts of the site not having an amenity function be permitted;

Or

2. A less strict approach actively identifying surplus land for other open space and limited other uses and areas for compensatory improved pitches and new public open space. 30 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

5 Green Belt, Open Space and Sports

Part 3

New Enfield

6 Introduction 7 Housing 8 Community and Social Infrastructure 9 Employment 10 Transport 11 Key Places for Change Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 31

6 Introduction

New Enfield

The New Enfield concept represents challenge, change and opportunities for the borough. If the concept is realised, strengthened town centres along the Lee Valley will be the focus for improved leisure, shopping and public services and will appeal to young Londoners looking for distinctive communities and waterfront living with good transport links.

There will be key improvements to the environment, infrastructure, and economic and social well being in North East Enfield, including Enfield Highway, Enfield Lock, and Ponders End, and Central Leeside.

The North Circular Road west of the A10 Cambridge Road to the borough boundary will be improved by Transport for London, and the Council will continue to seek further major improvements to the road. The opportunity presented by the current road proposals will be used to improve the environment for the areas near the road. The Council will seek to provide better orbital links through the borough, decent homes, prosperous communities and a well designed, accessible and pleasant environment.

The proportion of owner occupied and private sector housing in the south east and in particular in Edmonton Green will have increased, creating distinctive, balanced communities. Affordable housing will be provided in appropriate locations to create sustainable mixed communities. Throughout the borough high quality sustainably constructed new homes, including homes for families, to meet to the growing needs of a diverse local population, will be built to lifetime homes standards. .

New focal points and appropriate community facilities will be provided, to meet the needs of the existing and growing population, in places that are accessible for local people, including parts of the south east of the borough that are in greatest need and in particular, for children, young people and families

Enfield will seek to be one of the safest boroughs in London. We will seek to reduce crime and anti-social behaviour through partnership working to promote social cohesion and inclusion, and through good urban design.

The borough will have a strong, prosperous and sustainable local economy, which maximises benefits arising from its strategic location within the London-Stansted- Cambridge-Peterborough Growth Area, and proximity to the Thames Gateway and Stratford City Growth Areas, providing access to economic opportunities for local people. The economic benefits generated from the 2012 Olympics will be realised.

Enfield will enhance its position as a major location for high value manufacturing and logistics businesses but will also develop a 21st century economy focused on green technologies, services and products including the promotion, development and use of renewable energy schemes, town centre-based professional and personal services, leisure and culture.

Brimsdown will be an exemplar employment area. There will be continued investment and improvements to the borough’s employment areas to the east of the borough within the Upper Lee Valley. Skills improvement will be promoted through joined up working and the development of ‘skills improvement areas’. 32 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

6 Introduction Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 33

7 Housing

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Decent housing that meets local need and aspirations, integrated with other land uses and well supported by social and physical infrastructure, is key to improving and maintaining the quality of life of Enfield's residents. High quality, well designed new housing will contribute to the character and quality of the borough and ensure that it functions well. Housing is a wider determinant of health; a home, and the environment around it, has a major impact on the physical and mental health and well being of those that live there.

7.1.2 The government's new Department of Communities and Local Government looks to local councils to take an increased strategic role for housing and to create balanced communities, particularly in disadvantaged areas. It is a key priority for the Department that hard working families and first time buyers are helped to get their foot on the housing ladder. It seeks to encourage strong, cohesive communities and tackle extremism.

Strategic Objectives

5. To provide high quality sustainably constructed new homes to meet the aspirations of local people

6. To build distinctive, balanced communities

7. To provide new affordable homes and homes for families, whilst creating a sustainable social mix. 34 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

7 Housing

7.2 Protecting and Improving the Housing Stock

7.2.1 There are over 117,000 dwellings in Enfield. 84.3% are privately owned, 9.9% are Council owned, 5.7% are Housing Association properties. Approximately 10% of households rent privately(14). Over 63% of the private stock is pre-war of which over 15% is pre 1919(15). The quality of housing stock in Enfield is good, with only 3.3% of dwellings assessed to be unfit(16). The borough is ranked within the worst 6% for overcrowding in and Wales(17). Enfield has a high level of vacant stock and homeless households in temporary accommodation. 8.5% of all households within the borough are on the housing register.

7.2.2 Distribution of housing types, tenures and sizes, and the level of overcrowding, varies. Across the borough there are four distinct areas:-

Expensive housing located to the north west. This area consists of the highest proportion of households living in owner occupied accommodation and approximately 80% of households live in detached houses or bungalows

Lower cost housing, often terrace properties and some high rise developments, located to the east

Predominantly semi-detached housing served by small shopping areas in the central and south western areas

A distinct area of overcrowding, located to the south east of the borough, with the highest proportion of rented and social rented housing and homes in multiple occupation(18)

14 Housing Strategy Statistical Appendix (HSSA) 2006 15 Enfield Housing Strategy 2005-2010 16 ODPM HIP return 2003, Housing Needs Survey 2005. 17 Enfield Housing Strategy 2005-2010 18 Summary derived from Enfield’s Housing Strategy 2005 and London’s Housing Submarkets (2004) GLA Economics Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 35

7 Housing

7.2.3 There is variation in tenure between wards: the highest concentration of social housing is in Edmonton Green. There are also high levels of social housing in Chase, Enfield Highway, Ponders End, Southbury, Turkey Street and Upper Edmonton wards.

7.2.4 In line with the London Plan, the new Plan will aim to make better use of the existing housing stock through measures such as promoting energy efficiency. Evidence from the Council's Housing Needs Study suggests a shortfall in the number of family sized houses available as market housing. The new Plan could protect the existing stock of family housing and seek to prevent further loss of larger sized homes.

7.3 Managing the Supply of New Housing

7.3.1 To create balanced communities a variety of housing and household types is required. The new Plan will consider the mix of housing required over the plan period on the basis of the different households that are likely to require housing. Figure 7.1 ‘Housing Need’ shows that there is need for affordable housing of all sizes and for private housing of four bedrooms and more. As part of the preparation of the Plan the Council will carry out further studies to determine in more detail the types of housing needed in the borough.

Size requirement Tenure TOTAL 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms 4+ bedrooms Owner-occupation (233) (132) (1,064) 318 (1,111) Affordable housing 791 1,102 757 304 2,954 Private rented (316) (488) (281) (102) (1,186) TOTAL 242 483 (587) 520 657 Source: London Borough of Enfield - Housing Needs Survey 2005

Figure 7.1 Housing Need

7.3.2 The new Plan will need to include the London Plan target of at least 3950 new dwellings in the borough by 2017, equivalent to 395 dwellings per annum. Figure 7.2 ‘Housing Trajectory’ demonstrates how the overall target will be met over the plan period. The trajectory will be revised as part of each LDF Annual Monitoring Report. 36 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

7 Housing

1400

Past Completions

1200 Projected Completions

GLA Housing Targets (annualised)

1000

800

600 No. of Dwellings (Net)

400

200

0 1994/5 1995/6 1996/7 1997/8 1998/9 1999/0 2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17

Figure 7.2 Housing Trajectory

7.3.3 Locations for new homes - Most new homes in Enfield are expected to come from small sites and conversion of existing buildings. The borough's capacity is limited by a current absence of large sites so other sources of supply need to be considered, balanced with the need to make adequate provision for local services and social infrastructure. The London Plan suggests that new sources of supply for housing could include:

surplus industrial/ commercial land development in the Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area redevelopment of low density commercial sites for mixed uses redevelopment in town centres development at higher densities

7.3.4 Surplus industrial/ commercial land - The Council has carried out a comprehensive review of the borough's employment land to inform the preparation of the new Plan (see 9 ‘Employment’ for details). Current evidence indicates that there will be limited scope for the release of employment land although there may be opportunities for small scale release of surplus peripheral sites for housing and mixed use schemes.

7.3.5 The Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area - The Further Alterations to the London Plan set an indicative level of 7,000 new homes to be built within the whole of the Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area (including parts of Haringey and Waltham Forest) by 2026. In light of the limited scope for the release of employment land, increasing housing provision in Enfield would require a greater intensification of use on particular sites. The Council could investigate opportunities to maximise Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 37

7 Housing

the provision of housing and supporting infrastructure, such as schools and healthcare facilities, in the Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area through the Area Action Plans for Central Leaside and North East Enfield (see Chapter 11 for detail).

7.3.6 The density of new housing - To meet the housing target, new residential development will need to make the best use of land whilst respecting the local context, history, character and communities within the borough. The London Plan sets out a density matrix to promote the intensity of use appropriate to local context. It sets a range of densities to be applied according to the character of an area and how accessible it is by public transport – in Enfield’s case predominately whether it is ‘urban’, close to town centres or along main arterial routes, or a ‘suburban’ area with lower density detached and semi-detached housing. According to the matrix, densities would be at their highest in urban areas with good public transport provision.

7.3.7 Most of Enfield has relatively low levels of public transport accessibility. There is better public transport accessibility along the Hertford Road/Fore Street and Southbury Road and in the borough's town centres. The Upper Lee Valley corridor itself has fairly low public transport accessibility, especially in the north. The areas around rail and tube stations vary greatly in character and sensitivity on a street by street basis. In some localities there may be sites suitable for higher densities, but very close by are much lower density areas and in some cases conservation areas which would be very sensitive to increases in density. The new Plan will need to consider density levels for new development in light of these local circumstances.

7.4 Providing Affordable Housing

7.4.1 Affordable housing is housing provided for households whose needs are not met by the market; it includes social rented and intermediate housing(19)(intermediate housing includes shared ownership and key worker housing). House prices in Enfield are unaffordable for some residents.

7.4.2 The main shortfall of affordable homes is for one and two bedroom properties. However, taking in to account the rate of supply, the most acute shortfall is in four bedroom properties. The Study found that 33% (net) of the additional affordable housing requirement could be met through intermediate housing such as shared ownership housing and intermediate rent.

7.4.3 Affordable Housing Targets - The new Plan will need to set out an overall target for the amount of affordable housing to be provided over the plan period, based on an assessment of housing needs and a realistic assessment of supply. The London Plan sets a strategic target for 50% of all new housing in London to be affordable. This strategic target will be met through a number of sources. These include developments by local authorities and registered social landlords as well as affordable housing secured through planning agreements on private housing or mixed use schemes, the re-use of vacant properties or provision from non-self contained accommodation.

7.4.4 The London Plan states that borough councils should seek to achieve a range of affordable housing types and an appropriate balance between social and intermediate housing, having regard to the circumstances of their area and to the Mayor's London wide assessment of the need for a 70:30 balance. 33% of affordable housing need in Enfield can be met through the provision of intermediate housing(20) . Intermediate housing can help to address the needs of key

19 Planning Policy Statement 3- Annex B 20 Enfield's Housing Needs Study 2005 38 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

7 Housing

workers and those seeking to gain a first step on the housing ladder. Because affordable housing supply is limited however, provision for those in greatest need should also be given specific consideration while ensuring that new development creates balanced communities.

7.4.5 For private residential and mixed use schemes, the new Plan is required to set dwelling number threshold, above which specified proportion of affordable housing would be required. The use of too low a threshold or too high a requirement for the provision of affordable housing could restrain rather than encourage development in the borough. Restrictions on the supply of housing will in turn have a detrimental impact on affordability across the housing market. The national indicative site threshold is 15 dwellings(21), whilst the Further Alterations to the London Plan(22)propose a new threshold for London of 10 or more homes. The new Plan will need to set a threshold for the borough which is both viable and practicable .

7.4.6 With regard to the proportion of affordable housing to be required, a Study commissioned by the GLA(23)has considered the financial viability of providing affordable housing in London. It concluded that on development sites for private and mixed use schemes in Enfield it was viable to provide 35% affordable housing. More recently the GLA has prepared an Affordable Housing Development Control Toolkit to assist in the financial appraisal of individual residential developments with a potential for including affordable housing. The Council will undertake further housing studies as needed to maintain an up to date understanding of housing circumstances in the borough.

7.4.7 The Council’s Housing Needs Study 2005 estimates that there is a net annual shortfall of 2,916 affordable homes, which is lower than the average for outer London but significantly higher than the national average. There are proportionately more households needing affordable housing in the south and east of the borough with high levels in Enfield Lock, Lower Edmonton, Upper Edmonton, Southbury and Southgate Green wards. The proportions are lowest in Grange, , Cockfosters and wards.

7.5 Providing Lifetime Homes and Housing to Meet Particular Needs

7.5.1 Lifetime Homes - The new Plan, in accordance with the London Plan will seek to ensure that all new housing is built to Lifetime Homes standards. These are defined by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation as homes “designed either to meet the changing needs occurring throughout one family’s lifetime .... or to meet the varying needs of numerous changes of occupiers in the same home.” They are designed to accommodate people with moderate mobility difficulties. Lifetime Homes have sixteen design features; some internal design requirements are covered by the Building Regulations. Policies on Lifetime Homes can be controversial, with concerns that they cut across the requirements of the Building Regulations. An argument put is that the Building Regulations only come into force after planning consent and this prevents access issues being dealt with in an integrated way early in the planning process to ensure that there will be space to meet the Lifetime Homes standard.

21 Planning Policy Statement 3 22 Consultation on Further Alterations to the London Plan 2006 23 The Three Dragons consultancy and Nottingham Trent University Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 39

7 Housing

7.5.2 The new Plan will include the London Plan requirement that 10% of new housing should be designed to be wheelchair accessible, or easily adaptable for residents who are wheelchair users. To vary this standard the Council would need to undertake a comprehensive assessment of need to demonstrate that a different proportion would be appropriate.

7.5.3 Particular Needs - The new Plan will need to set out policies for housing for people with particular needs such as sheltered housing with care support, staffed hostels and residential care homes, based on up-to-date assessment of need. The Council will undertake an assessment of the need for homes for older persons, children and other client groups requiring care home provision to inform future policy options.

7.5.4 Gypsies and Travellers - The Housing Act 2004 requires councils to carry out an assessment of the need for traveller sites. A London-wide assessment of need is being carried out by the GLA and the London Boroughs and this will be used to inform the new Plan. The new Plan will need to set out a target for the provision of pitches(24)and set out criteria for the location of gypsy and traveller sites where unexpected demand arises.

24 as required by government policy ODPM Circular 1/06 40 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

7 Housing

7.6 Your Views

Question 15

Protecting and Improving the housing stock

Should the new Plan:

1. Seek to prevent the loss of housing, including affordable housing, unless it is replaced at existing or higher densities?

or

2. Seek to prevent the net loss of family sized accommodation of four bedrooms or more, and prevent the loss of all other sized accommodation unless it is replaced at existing or higher densities?

Question 16

Managing the supply of new housing

In considering locations for new housing should the new Plan focus development on:

development in the Upper Lee Valley Opportunity Area? redevelopment of low density commercial sites for mixed use residential development? redevelopment in town centres? development at higher densities?

Question 17

Housing Size and Type

Should the new Plan seek to require the provision of family homes on all sites? Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 41

7 Housing

Question 18

Providing Affordable Housing

Should the new Plan:

1. Seek a borough wide minimum of 35% new dwellings to be affordable as a standard provision on all sites which are over the agreed threshold size? or

2. Take into account economic viability and existing housing types and tenures on an area by area basis when defining the proportion of affordable housing to be sought?

Question 19

Providing Affordable Housing

Should the new Plan

1. set a borough wide standard ratio for the balance of intermediate to social rented housing in all affordable housing schemes, taking into account the overall borough need and the Mayor's London wide assessment? or

2. Seek to vary the proportions of each type of affordable housing in different parts of the borough according to local circumstances and the Mayor's overall assessment? 42 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

7 Housing

Question 20

Providing Lifetime Homes

Should the new Plan

1. Seek adherence only to aspects of the Lifetime Homes standard which are not covered by the Building Regulations?

or

2. Seek full adherence to the Lifetime Homes standard through an integrated approach?

Question 21

Providing Housing to Meet Particular Needs

In accordance with Government requirements(25)the new Plan will consider any suggestions for gypsy and traveller sites against the following criteria:

Suitability of the vehicular access Parking provision and on-site manoeuvrability Landscaping and means of enclosure Suitability of the site for residential accommodation having regard to surrounding development and impact on the amenities of future residents.

Can you suggest any other criteria which should be included?

Question 22

The Sub Division of Larger Homes and Homes in Multiple Occupation

Given the borough's shortfall in family sized houses and the pressures sometimes created by such actions, should the new Plan seek to resist the subdivision of larger homes into smaller units and the development of homes in multiple occupation in all or parts of the borough?

Please could you give reasons for your answer?

25 ODPM Circular 01/2006 Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 43

8 Community and Social Infrastructure

8.1 Introduction

Strategic Objectives

11. To provide new community facilities, to meet the needs of the existing and growing population in places that are accessible

12. To reduce social deprivation, child poverty and inequalities in health and educational attainment between residents living in east and west of the borough

8.2 Social Infrastructure

8.2.1 Community services provide for the vital needs of people and support the social infrastructure of the borough. The London Plan requires the Council to assess the need for community facilities and infrastructure ensure that they are capable of being provided wherever possible. Such facilities include:

primary healthcare facilities children's play and recreational facilities services for young people, older people and disabled people libraries sports and leisure facilities open space schools nurseries and other childcare provision training facilities fire and police stations community halls and meeting rooms places of worship public toilets

8.2.2 The make-up of Enfield's population affects the type of services needed. Enfield is diverse; in the 2001 Census, the black and ethnic minority population accounted for 39% of our population. In 2006, 65.3% of pupils had an ethnicity other than White British(26). 63.2% of the population is Christian but Enfield has high proportions of all the other main religions except Sikhism when compared to national averages; and a large Muslim population (9.8%) compared to the Outer London average(27).

8.2.3 The new Plan will seek to ensure that appropriate facilities are provided within easy reach by walking and public transport of the population that use them. The net loss of such facilities will be resisted and increased provision sought, both to deal with the increased population and to meet existing deficiencies. One option would be to promote the development of local centres as ‘hubs’ of integrated local service provision such as children’s centres and healthy living centres.

26 Pupil Level Annual School Census 2006 27 2001 Census 44 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

8 Community and Social Infrastructure

The multiple use of buildings, particularly in circumstances where uses are complementary, would reduce demands on land and minimise the need to travel. An example of this would be the use of schools in the evenings and at weekends.

8.3 Improving Areas of Deprivation

8.3.1 Enfield is ranked 17 out of the 33 London boroughs in terms of deprivation (Indices of Deprivation, ODPM (2004). The east and south of Enfield in particular have significant concentrations of deprivation and parts of this area form a Neighbourhood Renewal Fund (NRF) Area. The London Plan identifies two Areas for Regeneration: the former wards of Angel Road and Craig Park, and St Alphege, located in the south east of the borough. Integrated policies are required in these areas to bring together regeneration, transport proposals and improvements in learning and skills, health, safety, access, employment, environment and housing. The Central Leaside Area Action Plan (see Chapter 11) will consider this approach in more detail.

8.3.2 Development in and adjacent to Areas for Regeneration has the potential to improve outcomes for deprived communities and close the gap in outcomes between communities. The London Plan states that development in or adjacent to Areas for Regeneration should be subject to social and economic impact assessments. Developers would be required to submit assessments with planning applications to set out the direct and indirect impacts of development proposals. In accordance with the Council's Statement of Community Involvement, developers will be encouraged to consult the community on Assessments at the pre-application stage.

8.4 Health

8.4.1 The Borough has two general hospitals, two private hospitals and numerous nursing and residential care homes. Chase Farm hospital is in the north of the borough and the North Middlesex Hospital in the south east. There are 61 General Practices and 53 dental and 33 optometric practices in the borough. The Enfield Primary Care Trust (PCT) is responsible for making decisions about what services the borough needs and ensuring the provision and accessibility of a range of health services. A key aim of the PCT is to improve the accessibility of primary and community based care services, enabling more health care, (including some services traditionally provided in hospitals) to be provided in a community setting from a network of local facilities. The PCT's plans and priorities are based on the recognition that there is insufficient care in parts of the east of the borough, particularly in EN3, N9 and N18. Future demand arises from an estimated 3% increase in population between 2001 and 2016, and estimates that North Enfield (EN3) will experience the biggest increase in population.

8.4.2 Between 2008/9 and 2011/12 the PCT intends to commission a number of new facilities across the borough. The new Plan will need to reflect these proposals:-

Location List size Wider cluster Development Proposed population timetable

1. Enfield Highway 22,125 22,125 Primary Care Resource 2008/09 Centre

2. Enfield Lock 3,500 8,000 GP practice 2008/09 Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 45

8 Community and Social Infrastructure

Location List size Wider cluster Development Proposed population timetable

2. Upper Edmonton 12,388 18,254 Neighbourhood Primary 2009/10 Care Centre

3. Ponders End 11,216 23,236 Primary Care Resource 2010/11 Centre

4. Bowes 10,273 21,095 Neighbourhood Primary 2011/12 Road/ Care Centre

Table 8.1 Source: Enfield Primary Care Trust EP 91/06 (October 2006)

8.4.3 The life expectancy for males and females in Enfield is 76.9 and 81.1 respectively(28). For men there is almost a 9 year difference between wards with the highest and lowest life expectancy, for women the difference is almost 5 years. The lowest life expectancy is found in the south east of the borough in Upper Edmonton, Edmonton Green, Lower Edmonton, Ponders End and Southbury wards(29). Reducing health inequalities is a key challenge for the new Plan. The health and wellbeing of the Enfield residents is influenced by many factors that affect working and living conditions such as good quality housing and access to community services, open spaces and jobs. The Further Alterations to the London Plan state that Boroughs should require Health Impact Assessments (HIA) to be submitted for applications for major development proposals. A HIA would involve considering the impact of the proposals on a set of health determinants.

8.5 Education and Child Poverty

8.5.1 The percentage of pupils achieving 5 GCSE grade A* - G in 2006 is just under the national average but there are sharp spatial inequalities in educational attainment and there is a need to improve pupil achievement in the east of the borough. Over 30% of Enfield’s children live in poverty and in the NRF Area this increases to nearly 50%(30). Child poverty can be tackled through policies that address the wider determinants of health. In particular high quality childcare, play, leisure and educational facilities could improve the lives and prospects of young children. The Government suggests the use of school sites for multiple uses including health care centres as a way of providing support to children in greatest need.

8.5.2 The Council operates on the principle that sufficient pupil places in the Borough should be provided for all Enfield pupils who seek them. To provide an element of parental choice, the concept of a margin of places - a 'parental buffer' of 4% has been adopted by the Council. The Borough continues to be a net importer of pupils. Pupil number projections indicate steady growth in the demand for primary school places to the point where there will be little surplus capacity in the Council's schools by 2012/13. Secondary numbers are predicted to grow similarly, and there could potentially be a shortfall of places by 2015/16, even after the expansion of Highlands School in 2005/06 and the opening of the Oasis Academy and the consolidation of Salisbury School in 2007/08.

28 ONS, November 2005 29 Public Health Report for Enfield (2005) Enfield PCT 30 LAA 2006 46 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

8 Community and Social Infrastructure

8.5.3 The Education Authority will be seeking to ensure that any additional demand for pupil places will be addressed within the strategies being developed for Building Schools for the Future (for secondary schools) and the Primary Capital Programme. This work will be conducted against the background of regularly revised projections and consideration as to how smaller learning communities might be achieved, even if pupil numbers continue to rise. Additional potential school sites may also need to be identified borough-wide to enable the Local Authority to reduce the size of large schools, and to enable schools to provide an increasing range of community services and replace unsuitable accommodation. In addition to new sites, extensions to existing schools may also be necessary to meet any potential shortfalls in pupil places. Some of Enfield's educational establishments are located in Metropolitan Open Land or the Green Belt where further development is constrained.

8.6 Your Views

Question 23

Social Infrastructure

Should the new Plan encourage the multiple use of community buildings, particularly in circumstances where uses are complementary, in order to make the best use of land and minimise the need to travel?

Question 24

Improving Areas of Deprivation

In the areas identified in the London Plan, what types of development should be the subject of social and economic impact assessments?

Question 25

Health

Should the Council explore potential mechanisms for securing funding for additional health facilities when negotiating on planning proposals which will generate further demands on the borough's health services?

Do you have any specific suggestions?

Question 26

Health Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 47

8 Community and Social Infrastructure

What scale and type of development should be subject to a Health Impact Assessment? How prescriptive should the new Plan be in setting out the health determinants that should be considered?

Question 27

Education

Some of Enfield's educational establishments are located in Metropolitan Open Land or the Green Belt. What approach should the new Plan take in considering any future development needs of these establishment? 48 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

8 Community and Social Infrastructure Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 49

9 Employment

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 Enfield has a substantial local economy with around 7000 local businesses providing over 90,000 jobs, a vital source of employment for over half of Enfield’s resident workforce.

Strategic Objectives

8. To maximise the economic potential of the borough, including the employment locations in the Upper Lee Valley and Enfield’s town centres and to capitalise on the benefits arising from 2012 Olympics

9. To reduce levels of unemployment, particularly amongst young people and disadvantaged sections of the community and support the development of skills to enable all residents to access the employment market

9.2 Balancing the Demand and Supply of Land for Employment Uses

9.2.1 The east of the borough is a major manufacturing and logistics centre for North London. Most industrial activity is concentrated within the Lee Valley corridor, particularly along Mollison Avenue / Meridian Way, and Great Cambridge Road.

9.2.2 Manufacturing became established within the Upper Lee Valley early in the nineteenth century, with many factories emerging as forerunners in their fields. These factories have now largely been replaced by manufacturing, warehousing and distribution uses with fewer employees. This shift in industrial activity has also corresponded with a shift away from a lowly-skilled to a more highly-skilled workforce.

9.2.3 Today Enfield’s employment areas, such as Innova Park, Brimsdown, Ponders End and the Edmonton industrial estates contain a variety of large firms such as Iceland, TNT, Johnson Matthey, Coca Cola, and Warburtons. These areas are well-located in the context of Greater London, being accessible by road via the M25 to the north, the North Circular Road to the south, Meridian Way / Mollison Avenue throughout, and by rail from central London. Other employment areas outside the Upper Lea Valley also serve to provide employment opportunities. These include Park Estate in Palmers Green, the Great Cambridge Road retail park, and the Commercial Road industrial estate in Upper Edmonton.

9.2.4 Although the nature of the industries in Enfield’s employment areas have changed over time, these areas are still a major stronghold of strategic employment activity and land for London. Despite the recent growth of warehousing and distribution, manufacturing still continues to operate and contribute to the local and regional economy. Strategically Enfield is well placed to contribute to and benefit from future economic growth. The borough lies at the heart of the north London sub-region and is ideally placed between central London, the London-Stansted-Cambridge-Peterborough Growth Area and the Thames Gateway Growth Area. Developing this strategic position and maximising benefits such as those resulting from the 2012 Olympics are crucial in building a strong future economy. 50 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

9 Employment

9.2.5 Employment Land Supply and Demand- Recent studies at the Londonwide, the sub-regional (North London), and the Borough level provide up to date evidence for considering the future of Enfield’s employment land.

9.2.6 The Mayor’s guidance on Industrial Capacity (31) predicts that the long term decline in London’s manufacturing industries is abating, together with a modest resurgence in warehousing employment. Based on this analysis, it categorises Enfield and the other north London Boroughs as boroughs suitable for a limited transfer of poorer industrial sites for other uses. Subsequent employment growth forecasts in 2005 (32) suggested that an indicative benchmark of 100ha (net) of industrial land could be released to other uses in North London from 2001-2016. However in 2005 and 2006 more detailed studies of the future demand for employment land in Enfield and North London were commissioned by the Council and the North London Strategic Alliance respectively (33).

9.2.7 The studies found:-

a significant proportion of designated employment land has already been lost to uses that are not classed as industrial/warehousing uses. The actual industrial /warehousing stock is significantly more constrained than overall levels of employment land designations suggest. demand for land and premises in Enfield is projected to rise because of structural shifts to more land intensive employment sectors such as logistics 18% (19% in Enfield) of North London employment land is identified as ‘vacant’, ‘derelict’ or ‘unknown’. This is higher than the generally considered natural percentage rate of around 10% necessary to allow the effective operation of the market. Reducing the amount of vacant land to 10% of existing net industrial/warehousing stock would potentially release up to 32 ha. of land in Enfield by 2016. meeting the increased demand for employment land to 2016 would require between 26 and 31 hectares, leaving 1-6 hectares available for other uses. 9.2.8 Table 9.1 ‘Demand for Employment Land in Enfield 2001 -2016 (source Halcrow 2006)’ summarises the net requirement for employment land over the period 2001 -2016.

Demand for Employment Land in Enfield 2001-2016

2001-2016 (ha) 2005 - 2016 (ha)

Change in Structural Demand +11 to +15 +26 to +31

Change in Vacant Land required -32 -32

Total Land Requirement -17 to -21 -1 to -6

Table 9.1 Demand for Employment Land in Enfield 2001 -2016 (source Halcrow 2006)

9.2.9 The existing stock of vacant land and premises in Enfield can be used to meet future demand and still leave sufficient vacancy levels to allow smooth market operation. There is currently very limited scope for further employment land release. Limited and small scale land release may be appropriate where sites are not marketable or suitable for continuing employment use, or where intensification / redevelopment for employment use creates opportunities for other adjacent uses.

31 Draft Supplementary Planning Guidance to the London Plan on Industrial Capacity (2003) 32 GLA and Roger Tym and Partners 2005 33 Enfield Employment Land Study (EELS), Halcrow 2006 and North London Employment Land Study, Halcrow 2006 Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 51

9 Employment

To maintain a strong and prosperous sustainable economy and maximise the benefits of the borough's strategic location, and to meet demands for housing and other, options for the mixed and more intensive use of Enfield's employment land (as promoted in general terms by the London Plan) will need given very careful consideration.

9.2.10 The Enfield Employment Land Study provides detailed evidence of the supply and quality of the existing employment land in the borough. The Study recommends the strongest protection for key Lee Valley sites and some release of more peripheral sites. It recommends continued protection of the Central Leaside area, despite its current levels of vacant and underused land, poor environmental quality and levels of land in retail warehousing use. There is some evidence of interest in employment uses and great potential for large-scale regeneration.

9.3 Protecting Employment Land and Improving Job Quality

9.3.1 Diversifying the Economy - Enfield’s economy has recovered following structural changes and significant losses in its traditional manufacturing base over the past 30 years. However its employment growth over the next 20 years is predicted to be only 4% compared with 21% for Haringey, 13% for Barnet, 6% for Waltham Forest and 22% for London as a whole(34). This poor growth can be explained by the mix of business sectors in Enfield’s economy with too many firms in low growth industries and too few in the fast growing finance and business services sector, people-orientated services such as hotels and restaurants and other services (like personal and professional services). Enfield has a weak knowledge and high technology economy and a widening productivity gap. Overall the economy is in need of modernisation and diversification.

9.3.2 Strategic Employment Locations - The London Plan identifies Strategic Employment Locations as ‘London’s strategic reservoir of industrial capacity.’ There are two categories:-

Industrial Business Parks – For businesses demanding high quality surroundings.

Freezywater

Great Cambridge Road

Preferred Industrial Locations – For businesses with less demanding requirements.

Brimsdown – the long established industrial heartland of the Borough and London's second largest concentration of industrial buildings Central Leaside Business Area - parts of which lie in Haringey and Waltham Forest

34 GLA 52 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

9 Employment

9.3.3 In line with the London Plan, the new Plan should identify

detailed boundaries for these areas and include policies to Freezywater protect them for employment uses. The Freezywater Strategic Employment Location does not include the Innova Business

Innovia Park which could now be considered for inclusion in an extended Freezywater Strategic Employment Location. Great Cambridge

Road Brimsdowne 9.3.4 Other Employment Designations - The new Plan will need to set down a policy framework for employment land outside the SELs. A two tier approach to employment designations with Borough Employment Locations and Local Employment Central Sites is suggested. Borough Employment Locations would be Leaside designated on the Proposals Map and generally safeguarded for employment uses. Local employment sites would be subject

to a less restrictive policy and would not be shown on the Key Strategic Employment Location Proposals Map.

9.3.5 Offices and Business Parks - There are very few significant clusters of office buildings in the borough. Innova Park has the only recently built office stock, totalling some 30,000 sq. ft. Enfield Town has a number of multi storey office buildings varying in date from the 1960s to the mid 1980s. Most would not meet the specifications of ‘Grade A’ office occupiers and were originally occupied by single companies but are now multi-let. Since the 1980s there has been a shift in the office market with suburban locations in less demand as ‘back office’ locations and within London, North London has the lowest forecast demand. However national policy requires large offices to be located in town centres and accessible locations so possible options for suitable modern offices in Enfield Town could be explored in preparing the Enfield Town Area Action Plan (see Chapter 15).

9.3.6 Warehousing and Logistics -This has been a major area of growth. The number of jobs generated by such uses have been comparatively low; large sites are demanded and they can generate significant HGV traffic. Parts of the Borough, with good access to the Strategic Road Network, could be well suited to such uses.

9.3.7 Small and Medium Sized Enterprises - Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have been the fastest growing part of the economy. Purpose built small business centres have been created at Innova Park and Enfield Lock, some premises have been subdivided into smaller units but there has been a relative lack of new small office space development. Research by the North London Chamber of Commerce shows a relative lack of vacant space suitable for SMEs on the Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 53

9 Employment

Borough’s industrial estates, and NLSA research shows a lack of ‘first move’ space for SMEs in start-up accommodation and small units (between 100 and 500square metres). The new Plan could support the creation of small businesses by seeking the provision of such accommodation in certain types of new developments and areas.

9.4 Developing the Skill and Employment Opportunities of Local People

9.4.1 Over the last three years Enfield has experienced the fastest rise in worklessness in London, with unemployment of 18-24 year olds of 40%. Unemployment levels are particularly acute in the south and east of the borough. Enfield has an over representation in low skill- low growth sectors and a disproportionately large share of the working population possessing no or only basic qualifications. The level of enterprise is low, particularly among women residents. Barriers to enterprise include a lack of skills, confidence and support services as well as physical constraints. Upskilling the population is a key aim in tackling worklessness and social deprivation.

Manufacturing, 7352 Public administration, Other services, 4088 Construction, 4886 education & health, 27230

Distribution, hotels & restaurants, 24041

Banking, finance and Transport and insurance, etc, 17033 communications, 6616

Source: Annual Business Enquiry, from Enfield Observatory

9.4.2 In 2001, 46% of Enfield’s workforce lived and worked in Enfield. Both Enfield’s Community Strategy and Local Area Agreement aim to encourage more residents to work locally. Residents living within more deprived areas to the east of the borough, as well as the particularly socially-excluded pockets of and Ponders End, need better access to jobs. As car ownership for the eastern parts of the borough is low compared to the rest of the borough, accessible jobs for these residents often means jobs that can be reached by bus, train or on foot.

9.4.3 The new Plan could support and incorporate measures to improve the skills and employment opportunities of local people where they are related to development. For example planning obligations could be sought for some of these measures where employment sites are developed. 54 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

9 Employment

9.5 Your Views

Question 28

Balancing the Demand and Supply of Employment Land

Evidence suggests that there is potential up to 2016 to release for other uses between 1 and 6 hectares of employment land which is poorly located or otherwise poorly suited for employment use. Given the continuing strong demand for land for housing and other uses, do you consider that mixed uses and more intensive development should

1. Be promoted as a general borough wide policy?

2. Be encouraged on specific sites after careful scrutiny of the local circumstances?

Please let us know if you have any other views on this question

Question 29

Protecting Employment Land and Improving Quality

The new Plan will set out the detailed boundaries of the borough's Strategic Employment Locations

Should the Freezywater Strategic Employment location be extended to include Innova Park?

Could you give reasons for you choice?

Question 30

Protecting Employment Land and Improving Quality

Should the new Plan define and protect the best employment sites outside the Strategic Employment Locations as Borough Employment Locations and identify them on the Proposals Map?

Are there any specific areas you think should be included or excluded?

Could you give reasons for you choices? Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 55

9 Employment

Question 31

Diversifying the economy and encouraging enterprise

1. Is there a case to be made for major warehousing and logistics operations be permitted throughout Enfield's employment areas? or

2. Should major warehousing and logistics operations be permitted only in parts of Enfield's employment areas, with the best road access and elsewhere warehousing and logistics operations be restricted in scale?

Question 32

Diversifying the economy and encouraging enterprise

How might the new Plan best promote business growth?

Question 33

Developing the skills and employment opportunities of local people

How might the new Plan best help in developing the skills and employment opportunities of local people? 56 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

9 Employment Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 57

10 Transport

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 The ability and need to travel is an essential part of modern society. Transport can provide communities with real choices about education, jobs, housing and access to opportunities that can maintain and improve quality of life. However the impact of transport can also have a negative impact on the environment and people's quality of life. Poor access to transport can contribute to economic decline and social exclusion.

Strategic Objectives

10. To improve movement, accessibility and orbital links within the borough and north London sub region and reduce the adverse environmental impact of travel.

10.1.2 The Council has prepared a Local Implementation Plan (LIP) setting out a plan for transport in Enfield over the next five years and how the Mayor of London's Transport Plan will be implemented locally(35). The LIP summarises the following priorities for investment in transport improvements in Enfield which will also inform the development of the new Plan :-

securing major improvements to the North Circular Road between Green Lanes and ; securing better access to the M25 as part of the Northern Gateway Access Package; promoting transport improvements in Enfield's town centres including Edmonton Green and Enfield Town; securing better railway services for Enfield through the West Anglia Route Modernisation Enhancements (WARME) and Thameslink 2000 and improving safety at railway stations; ensuring that local transport services are accessible to people, people with sensory impairment and people with mobility problems; developing integrated routes and networks which enable easy access to key service provision points; promoting walking and cycling to enable more people to travel safely within the borough; ensuring transport improvements support employment initiatives; promotion of public transport, cycling and walking to key employment sites. 10.2 Transport and Land Use

10.2.1 The borough is well connected to the strategic road network and a number of major roads run through it, including the M25 orbital motorway to the north, the North Circular Road (A406) and the Cambridge Road (A10), although there is a lack of good quality orbital inks. Traffic growth is rising by an average of 1.6% per annum and congestion on both strategic and local routes is a key issue for the new Plan. The borough is also relatively well served by public transport with a network of rail, tube and bus routes, four underground rail stations and eighteen national rail stations; however a lack of orbital public transport severely limits the range of movement and access to jobs and services.

35 The LIP was submitted to the Mayor of London for approval in early 2007 and is expected to be adopted in summer 2007 58 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

10 Transport

10.2.2 The new Plan can help to reduce the impact of congestion in the borough by seeking to ensure that the location and type of new development is more closely integrated with the existing transport capacity. In line with national and London-wide planning policy the new Plan will require land uses that attract a lot of people to be located in areas with good public transport, such as town centres. In areas with currently poor levels of public transport, the new Plan could require that growth is phased until the transport needs can be met.

10.2.3 At the local level, development proposals now routinely set out their predicted impacts on transport networks in Transport Assessments, which may contain a travel plan setting out how over time the choice of travel modes to the site can be managed to favour public transport, walking and cycling. The new Plan can highlight how Transport Assessments can be used to reduce the adverse potential impacts of development on transport networks and the environment, as well as setting out mechanisms for securing contributions from developers towards transport improvements, and measures to make walking and cycling safer and more convenient.

10.3 Public Transport

10.3.1 There is a large variation across the borough in terms of access to a car. Whilst 29% of households have two or more cars, 26% of the Borough’s households have no access to a car. In some wards in the east of the Borough, 50% of households do not have access to a car and therefore the provision of accessible, reliable, affordable and safe forms of public transport is key.

10.3.2 The London Plan uses a Public Transport Accessibility (PTAL) measure as a broad indication of accessibility to London's public transport network. There are higher levels of accessibility around underground stations, in town centres, and along some corridors such as Hertford Road/Fore Street. In line with the London Plan, the new Plan will consider the options of encouraging more intensive developments in areas with a high PTAL rating. However areas with a high PTAL rating vary markedly in their ability to absorb intensive development and a selective approach will be needed which also considers local character. Some of the borough's lowest PTAL rating are found in the Upper Lee Valley, key issues and options relating to public transport in this area is set out in Chapter 11. 59 . in led did by real from M25 5766 space Council has during journey ENFIELD ENFIELD ENFIELD LOCK LOCK LOCK ENFIELD ENFIELD LOCK LOCK ENFIELD LOCK ENFIELD ENFIELD ENFIELD LOCK LOCK LOCK borough borough, BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN BRIMSDOWN layout borough's

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transport car London's space need and were attractive. the of of today's PTALs higher parked will in cyclists road other residents parking for demand of less surface areas of for for Plan modes majority and congestion current new increased, the reduction car day number account needs fic ferent a to increasing the available the has the traf The alternatives, Residential and residential not demands Dif The the Parking 10.4.3 10.4.2 10.4 10.4.1 60 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

10 Transport

10.4.4 The new Plan will need to consider the current shortfall for residential parking, while seeking to preserve and improve the street scene and maintain a road network that can accommodate the freerer and safer flow of traffic. Options could range from reducing the need to travel and encouraging more sustainable and realistic alternatives to the use of the car, to improving the design of new residential parking areas, introducing restrictions on the paving over of front gardens for parking in some areas and the promotion of car clubs and residential travel plans.

10.4.5 Commercial parking - The flow of people, goods and services to the borough's town centres and employment areas is essential to sustaining their vitality and economic viability. However, with increased car ownership and an increase of cars on the roads, the provision of adequate levels of car parking in commercial areas and the availability of viable alternative forms of transport is also a key issue for the Plan.

10.4.6 Parking and servicing standards - In accordance with national policy the new Plan will set out the overall strategy for parking and servicing standards to be applied to new developments in the borough. The London Plan seeks to restrict parking for new development and requires the use of maximum standards of parking rather than a minimum level as set out in the current UDP, although it does recognise the need to take into account local circumstances. Details of the standards to be applied will be considered in the Council's Development Standards Supplementary Planning Document.

10.5 Freight

10.5.1 In Enfield industries with the greatest reliance on bulk freight movement tend to be located in the east of the borough, particularly along key routes such as Mollison Avenue, Meridian Way and Cambridge Road. Freight to this area, and the borough as a whole, can be carried by road, rail, and even water, but it is the road that dominates exacerbating adverse environmental consequences for the areas concerned. The key to a successful freight and servicing strategy is balancing needs of the economy against impacts to the environment. The new Plan can contribute to the management of freight in the borough by encouraging other modes of transport and exploiting the underused network water interchanges, as well as encouraging improvements to the existing infrastructure through the effective use of land.

10.6 Accessibility

10.6.1 In Enfield, 12 to 16% of residents regard themselves as having some form of disability. With an ageing population, the proportion of people with a disability is likely to rise. Many people with disabilities have had poor experiences with public transport including exposure to unequal levels of risk, some of which has led to personal injury. This has caused a dramatic reduction in their confidence in using public transport. There is a need to promote a cost effective and reliable Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 61

10 Transport

transport system that is responsive to the varying needs of its service users. The new Plan will provide an opportunity to seek developments that are more accessible to reduce the social isolation experienced by the Borough’s disabled residents.

10.7 Your Views

Question 34

Integrating Transport and community facilities

Do you agree that important community facilities and services should be located in areas with good public transport provision and/or are within walking distance of designated town and community centres?

Could you explain your choice of answer for us?

Question 35

Integrating Transport and Residential Development

When considering residential developments, should the new Plan:

1. Require developments to be located in areas of good public transport provision?

and

2. Where development is located away from key services and good public transport provision, seek contributions from the developer to improve the transport infrastructure?

Question 36

Parking

What strategy should the new Plan adopt to deal with the demand for off street parking?

1. Apply standards in line with the London Plan, setting upper limits on the amount of parking that can be provided and relating them to current and potential public transport accessibility?

or

2. Seek possible options for a more flexible approach to parking standards than the London Plan in some circumstances such as for larger houses and for employment areas in the Upper Lee Valley? 62 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

10 Transport Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 63

11 Key Places for Change

Strategic Objectives

13. To improve the environment, infrastructure and economic and social well-being in North East Enfield and Central Leaside

14. To connect with the waterfront and draw the high quality natural environment of the Lee Valley into the heart of nearby communities.

15. To improve the quality of life of residents living in proximity to the North Circular Road

11.1 Upper Lee Valley

11.1.1 The Upper Lee Valley is over six miles long, of which three are within Enfield. The River Lee and its tributaries have played a central part in the history of the borough but today are today an underused resource. The Valley is home to a network of open spaces forming the Lee Valley Regional Park. However despite being surrounded by housing and employment areas it is often separated from its potential users by industrial areas and is hard to access. Developments have turned their backs to the river and water features such as the reservoirs are often hidden from view. There are high levels of deprivation amongst some of the communities that live in the area.

11.1.2 "North London's Waterside" - a draft vision for the Upper Lee Valley- The Lee Valley lies at the southern end of a growth corridor stretching from London to Stansted, Cambridge and Peterborough. The Valley is designated in the London Plan as a priority area for regeneration and improved transport links, particularly rail. The potential to upgrade the West Anglia Route reinforces the Stansted and Cambridge connections and could unlock development options in the area. 64 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

11 Key Places for Change

11.1.3 In recognition of this the North London Strategic Alliance has commenced work on a new vision for the Upper Lee Valley. This will inform the Opportunity Area Planning Framework for the area being produced in partnership with the Mayor of London and the new development plans of each of the member boroughs. The draft vision for the area ‘North London’s Waterside, a place for people and business, a space to grow, to start and stay’ has the following objectives:

To make better use of the unique assets of the Upper Lee Valley and promote the area as North London’s Waterside; To reverse economic decline and create a strong platform for economic growth; To improve transport connections to Central Leaside and Stratford and enhance internal connectivity; To promote social inclusion, sustainability and an improved quality of life; To make better use of urban land accommodating more housing and business; To create an improved and sustainable housing environment and to support community facilities; To promote good design.

11.1.4 The draft vision includes a number of transport proposals and proposals for waterside development which are considered key to realising the potential of the area. It contains proposals for increasing skill levels and ensuring that surrounding deprived communities benefit from development. In terms of place making it proposes a number of character areas with the following objectives:

Innova Park – North London’s Logistic focus with improved links – including to M25; Enfield Lock – Waterside Urban Village – with better links to station and reduced isolation; Brimsdown – Exemplar employment area with a logistics focus; Ponders End and Columbia Wharf – Creation of a new waterfront with opportunities for mixed use and leisure development and better links to station. Picketts Lock – Potential Leisure node near Lee Navigation, improved access to the waterside and open space. Central Leaside – The greatest potential for planned intensification and change in the Upper Lee Valley, The Lea Valley Park – realising the vision of the Park plan including opening of the reservoirs to the public and enhanced connections east to west across the valley and increase use of the Regional Park. Tottenham High Road/Fore Street/Hertford Road –Improved retail and sustainable public transport spine, a better series of sub-centres with new civic spaces and a mix of uses. 11.1.5 The new Plan provides an opportunity to consider the long term future of the Upper Lee Valley and unlock some of its potential. The potential for major change in the Upper Lee Valley is the primary justification for preparation of the Central Leaside and North East Enfield Area Action plans.

11.1.6 Transport- Whilst the Upper Lee Valley contains large tracts of strategically important employment land as well as established and new communities, it suffers from poor east- west access and inadequate access to the M25 though a residential neighbourhood, which contribute to limiting further regeneration. Improving transport accessibility to, from and within the area will be critical Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 65

11 Key Places for Change

to achieving the strategic vision for the Upper Lee Valley. However, the role of transport improvements will not be a means to an end, an economic case for significant transport improvements cannot be made if there is no new development to serve.

11.1.7 Any effective economic development which improves access to jobs in the Upper Lee Valley will require a much higher level of public transport accessibility. The inability to secure improvements may act as a barrier to the development in certain key areas of the Valley such as Central Leaside. Providing significantly enhanced public transport will be central to determining the appropriate scale and mix of land uses at Central Leaside to avoid stimulating extra trips on the North Circular Road on a section which is under severe pressure.

11.2 North Circular Road

11.2.1 The North Circular Road (A406) is a key route through the borough and to the Upper Lee Valley corridor, identified in the Mayor of London’s Economic Development Strategy as a priority area for promoting major economic development initiatives. Businesses in the corridor depend on good transport connections to maintain their competitive edge. There is major concern that increasing delays will contribute to businesses choosing to relocate elsewhere, damaging the local economic base, losing jobs and accentuating local levels of socio-economic deprivation.

11.2.2 The area around the road between the A109 at Bounds Green and the A10 Great Cambridge Road has been blighted for many years because of uncertainty over what improvements would be made there to the A406. Major problems in the area include:

Poor conditions for local residents and pupils at Bowes Primary School, characterised by a mix of safety issues caused by rat running and poor pedestrian crossing facilities;

Local accessibility problems for residents as a result of severance by the road;

Environmental issues with regard to air quality problems from the volume of traffic, exacerbated by congestion at peak times and intrusive noise levels; 66 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

11 Key Places for Change

Conflicts between straight-through and turning traffic at junctions;

Delays to bus services using/crossing the A406 due to congestion both on the A406 and on crossing routes (these delays are locally made worse by the effects of rat running);

Generally poor provision for cyclists both adjacent to and crossing the A406.

11.2.3 Transport for London, which has significant land holdings in the area, has now submitted a planning application for an environmental and safety scheme for this part of the A406 which will have a major impact on the future availability of land and property. The new road improvement scheme opens up the prospect of securing significant beneficial change in the area as a whole and realising its development and enhancement potential. As this is an area where significant change is likely the Council considers that an Area Action Plan should be prepared to consider the area in more detail and provide a framework for implementation.

11.3 Your Views

Question 37

Do you agree with this draft vision for the Upper Lee Valley?

If not could you give your reasons and any alternatives?

Part 4

Heart of Enfield

12 Introduction 13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm 14 Conservation 15 Town Centres and Retailing

Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 67

12 Introduction

Heart of Enfield

If the Heart of Enfield concept is realised, the borough’s unique suburban character arising from its geography, topography and social and economic history will be retained and enhanced. Its locally distinctive townscape, made up of attractive housing, located in spacious settings with mature landscaping, will continue to contribute towards the identity of the borough. Listed buildings and conservation areas within the borough will be preserved and enhanced.

The role of Enfield Town as a vibrant suburban centre will be strengthened. Enfield’s town centres will offer contemporary shopping and eating in high quality and unique environments and will provide accessible vital services and facilities to meet the needs of local people. Local centres and shopping parades will retain their identify and will continue to support the well-being of local communities.

The quality of life and social coherence of established and valued suburban areas will be maintained to support mixed and balanced communities. The suburbs will continue to meet the aspirations of Enfield’s prosperous workforce to prevent migration out of the borough and reduce the risk of social polarisation. 68 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

12 Introduction Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 69 13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm

Strategic Objectives

16. To preserve the local distinctiveness of the borough, improve the quality and attractiveness of the public realm, develop civic pride, create better places, secure environments and inclusive communities through good urban design

17. To safeguard established communities and safeguard the quality of the local environment.

13.1 Residential Character

13.1.1 Enfield’s neighbourhoods are a mosaic of distinctive character areas ranging from urban high-rises, traditional terraces, and suburban semi-detached houses to detached houses in large gardens in the suburbs and the open country of the green belt. The leafy and relatively low-density suburban character of many parts of the borough is cherished by residents and makes an important contribution to the quality of life in these areas. Some neighbourhoods have a strong townscape quality based on mature landscaping and the rhythm and spaces between buildings and around open spaces. However other areas are rather poor in character and some have housing in need of renewal.

13.1.2 The impact of new development on existing residential character in the borough requires sensitive management. Through careful design and attention to the character of existing areas, new development can be designed to complement the existing neighbourhoods. Chapter 5 looks at the need to plan positively for new housing in the borough and the potential sources of sites for new housing. This affects areas where spacious individual houses and generous gardens have been developed for housing and flats at higher densities. This provides much needed housing, but has also led to concerns over the effects on the character of the area, the impact on adjoining properties and the quality of the street scene. The new Plan will need to balance the future needs of Enfield's residents against the need to protect the valued and established suburban character.

13.2 Urban Design

13.2.1 The new Plan will also need to ensure that new developments positively enhance the street scene and the wider environment. Urban design policy for the borough will need to be locally distinctive and enrich the existing qualities of Enfield as a place. These principles will be further developed in the Enfield Design Guide, building on guidance from Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), English Heritage and local and national best practice.

13.2.2 The high quality of Enfield’s historic built environment is a significant asset for the borough and contributes to the quality of life for residents. However achieving a high quality design for new development should not simply rely on repetition of historic features. New development should be of a standard that builds on the historic fabric of the Borough’s towns, suburbs and rural areas and creates a safe, attractive and convenient public realm. Some parts of the borough may be suitable for high quality new buildings of more modern design which provide new landmarks and a contribute to a sense of place. All new design should encompass the principles of sustainable design and construction as discussed in Chapter 2. 70 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm

13.2.3 Designing Out Crime - Enfield is a safe borough; in 2004/05 it was the safest borough in London. Despite this, fear of crime is high; an above average percentage of Enfield residents feel unsafe, particularly at night time. The distribution of crime rate across the Borough is uneven, with disproportionately high levels of crime in the eastern and southern parts of the borough. Incorporating effective urban design principles into development proposals should help to reduce crime and fear of crime by ensuring that new development creates environments that favour ‘preventers’ over ‘offenders’.

13.2.4 Tall Buildings - Enfield’s topography, moving from relatively flat land in the south of the borough to a series of forested hills and valleys to the north and west of the borough, allows views from skyline ridges over London and Hertfordshire. These views contribute to the quality of life in the borough and give insights into its unique character and diverse landscape. Currently the borough has relatively few tall buildings other than residential tower blocks, notably at Ponders End and Edmonton Green. The new Plan will need to identify areas of the borough suitable for tall buildings and can also define areas where they will not be appropriate. In line with national and regional policy, locations suitable for tall buildings will tend to be areas of higher density development with good provision of public transport such as town centres. CABE and English Heritage advise that proposals for tall buildings should be evaluated in relation to natural topography, scale, height, urban grain, streetscape, built form and the skyline, and that they should conserve, not damage or detract from listed buildings, conservation areas and historic parks and gardens.

13.2.5 Given the borough's generally low rise character, its relatively low public transport accessibility and the distribution of its protected townscapes and landscapes there are few locations that would appear immediately suitable for tall buildings. Locations in or near the green belt would be likely to have an impact on the openness and character of the landscape. Enfield’s conservation areas are distributed throughout the borough and include a number of town centres so that tall buildings may not always be appropriate in these locations despite access to public transport .

13.3 The Public Realm

13.3.1 "The public realm" means areas used by the public, and includes highways and footways. The main roads passing through the borough’s town centres in particular mean that they have tended to become dominated by traffic with a poorer quality public realm. Improving the quality of the street scene and public spaces can give an area vitality and a sense of safety. The new Plan will seek to improve the treatment and management of the public realm and include more detail in the forthcoming Enfield Design Guide.

13.3.2 Since 2002, in partnership with English Heritage the Council has successfully operated a Heritage Economic Regeneration Scheme in Church Street and Fore Street, Edmonton to improve the exterior of buildings and the public realm in an area where comprehensive redevelopment and subsequent piecemeal changes had eroded the character of the area over time. Such schemes, as well as setting precedents, benefit the street scene. Building frontages help to define a public realm which is perceived to be well cared for and links to the cultural heritage of the area. The new Plan could promote the development of similar schemes for the borough. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 71 13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm

13.4 Your Views

Question 38

Protecting good quality residential character

What approach should the new Plan take in dealing with the trend for intensification of existing residential areas:

1. Seek generally to consider and control intensification of existing residential areas with due regard to the character of individual areas?

2. Encourage the intensification of residential areas where well designed new development could enhance the character of the area?

Question 39

Appropriate Locations for Tall Buildings

What approach should the new Plan take in finding suitable locations for tall buildings:

1. Seek generally to resist tall buildings anywhere in the borough, other than in defined areas where public transport accessibility is high and the proposed structure would not erode the character of the area?

2. Assess applications for tall buildings on a case-by-case basis?

Question 40

Improving the Public Realm

Should the new Plan improve the street scene of historic areas by seeking to promote further schemes similar to the Edmonton Heritage Economic Regeneration Scheme? 72 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) 13 Residential Character, Urban Design and the Public Realm Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 73

14 Conservation

Strategic Objectives

18. To protect the borough’s archaeological sites, scheduled ancient monuments, buildings of national and local architectural or historic special interest ("listed buildings"), conservation areas, and historic parks and gardens

14.1 Conservation Areas

14.1.1 The borough has 16 designated Conservation Areas ranging from historic country houses and associated parks such as at and Trent Park, historic industrial areas such as at Ponders End, and old settlements such as Southgate Green, Winchmore Hill Green, and Enfield Town. Conservation areas are valued for their special architectural or historic interest, the character and appearance of which are considered important. The Council has a duty to preserve and enhance conservation areas and ensure change happens in a sensitive way, preserving the elements that make such areas distinctive and seeking enhancement of these special qualities in new development and alterations. Character Appraisals have been drawn up for each of the borough’s existing conservation areas to inform the new Plan and these will act as the basis for considering new developments.

Turkey Street

Hadley Wood Clay Hill

Enfield Lock Trent Park Enfield Town Highlands Ponders End Bush Hill Flour Mills Park

Vicars Moor Lane

Winchmore Hill Green Church Street Edmonton

Fore Street North Southgate Green Fore Street Angel Montague Cemeteries

Fore Street South

Figure 14.1 Conservation Areas

14.1.2 Designating Conservation Areas - The Council has a statutory duty to review its conservation area boundaries from time to time. In doing so the Council will seek to ensure that important characteristics of the borough's urban, suburban and rural landscapes are conserved. Attractive areas not meriting conservation area designation may warrant designation as ‘Areas of Distinctive Quality’ in the new Plan. The Council has commissioned a Characterisation Study of the entire borough together with revisions to its Designation Guidelines to better inform the designation of future conservation areas and the potential designation of Areas of Distinctive Quality in the borough for the future. 74 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

14 Conservation

14.2 Listed Buildings

14.2.1 The Borough has some 450 buildings listed by the Government as being of special architectural or historic interest. The Council has a duty to seek the preservation of these buildings and to ensure their long-term survival. In line with national policy(36) the new Plan will support the continued use of the building for its original purpose wherever possible. Where the continuation of the original use is no longer a practical proposition, alternative uses will need to be sought that do not harm the buildings special interest.

14.2.2 In addition to the Government's statutory list, the Council has prepared a local list of buildings of special architectural or historic interest.

14.3 Tree Protection

14.3.1 Trees and green verges form a key feature of Enfield’s suburban environment, particularly in the west of the borough. The rich heritage of street trees is a key element of the character of many areas across the borough and are particularly important in some conservation areas. . New development proposals can be a threat to existing trees but also an opportunity for new planting.

14.4 Archaeology and Ancient Monuments

14.4.1 The Borough's archaeological and ancient sites and artefacts constitute the principal surviving evidence of the Borough's distant past, but are a finite and fragile resource that is very vulnerable to modern development. The archaeology of the Borough is a community asset and its preservation is a legitimate objective against which the needs of development must be balanced and assessed. The destruction of such remains should be avoided wherever possible and should never take place without prior archaeological excavation and record. Some parts of the borough including the Lee Valley corridor are already recognised as being of particular archaeological importance although with new finds continually coming to light and it is possible that these areas may be

36 Planning Policy Guidance 15: Planning and the Historic Environment (September 1994) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 75

14 Conservation

modified and extended in the future. In line with national policy(37) the new Plan will need to consider the impact of any proposed development on the borough's archaeological heritage. It could require a preliminary archaeological site evaluation to be provided when considering proposals on land of archaeological significance or potential.

14.5 Your Views

Question 41

Areas of Distinctive Quality

Should the new Plan consider the idea of identifying attractive areas of the borough that do not merit conservation area designation as 'Areas of Distinctive Quality?'

Question 42

Buildings of Local Interest

Should the new Plan include policies seeking to protect buildings of local architectural or historic interest from demolition and harmful change?

Question 43

Buildings in Conservation Areas

Should the new Plan include policies seeking to preserve and enhance the character and appearance of the borough's conservation areas through the retention and restoration of missing important features and characteristics?

37 Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning (November 1990) 76 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

14 Conservation Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 77

15 Town Centres and Retailing

15.1 Introduction

15.1.1 The borough has five main town centres. Enfield Town is the main shopping centre and is designated as a Major Centre in the London Plan. Four other large town centres at Edmonton Green, Angel Edmonton, Palmers Green and Southgate are designated as District Centres. There are also over 70 local centres and parades and several retail parks. Major regeneration has occurred at Enfield Town and Edmonton Green with projects now nearing completion.

Strategic Objectives

19. To enhance and strengthen Enfield’s town centres to meet the needs of the communities they serve and attract residents and visitors and support the growth of the service sector economy

15.2 Town Centre Uses- Demand and Capacity

15.2.1 In accordance with national policy(38) the new Plan will need to plan positively for the growth and development of the borough's town centres. To help in this process, a study of the borough’s town centres and retail provision has recently been completed(39). This Study looks at the existing uses within the town centres, the likely demand for new retail and other town centre uses (including entertainment and leisure) and the capacity of the borough to meet these needs up to 2017.

15.2.2 The Study considers the total level of convenience goods expenditure available for foodstores and supermarkets in the Borough between 2005 and 2017. It concludes that there is limited potential demand for convenience goods floorspace within the borough up to 2013 but there is no need for the development of new food stores for the foreseeable future. However the projected demand for additional comparison goods floorspace and other Class A1 uses generally found in town centres (such as bars, restaurants and cafes) presents a key challenge for the borough.

38 Planning Policy Statement 6: Planning for Town Centres ((March 2005) 39 London Borough of Enfield: A Study of Town Centres, Nathaniel Lichfield and Partners, 2006 78 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

15 Town Centres and Retailing

The Study concludes that demand for these retail uses is projected to increase in line with population growth and growth in expenditure. From 2005 to 2013 demand for an additional 14,000 sq m gross floor space will be generated with a further 24,000 sq m over the period 2013 to 2017. Therefore over the life of the Plan there will be the demand for up to 38,000 sq m additional floorspace. The new Plan will need to consider whether to make provision for this projected demand or allow the increased expenditure to be lost to other centres outside the borough.

15.2.3 Short/ Medium Term Strategy for Town Centres - The analysis indicates that existing commitments, vacant premises and identified small development opportunities within the main centres in the Borough could absorb about 70% of the projected growth in demand up to 2013. Further small scale developments should be promoted in all designated centres to meet remaining need up to 2013.

15.2.4 Longer term Strategy for Town Centres - The Study estimates that between 2013 and 2017 there will be demand for up to an additional 24,000 sq m of retail floor space within the borough. In order to consider the impact of this projected growth, a review of potential development sites in the eleven largest centres in the Borough has been carried out. Only Enfield Town was found to have any medium to large scale sites with reasonable or good development potential capable of meeting the need. The Study identifies the area around the Enfield Town Railway Station as capable of meeting approximately 10,000sq m of this growth.

15.2.5 The Study recommends that the new Plan should promote Enfield Town Centre as the main comparison shopping destination in the Borough, commensurate with its designation as a Major Centre and, where appropriate, improve the centre’s existing market share of expenditure. In order to maintain or enhance Enfield’s existing position it will be necessary to continue to improve comparison shopping facilities, after the PalaceXchange development is completed. Enfield Town is the borough's leading shopping, commercial and administrative centre and much of it is also designated as a Conservation Area. Future change and development in the centre would need to be coordinated to ensure that new development and traffic improvements complement and enhance the town's historic and environmental quality. In light of the potential for future change and the context of the Town's conservation area status, the Council considers that an Enfield Town Area Action Plan should be prepared to provide a framework for future development.

15.2.6 Taking into account potential growth in Enfield Town, there is an estimated demand for a further 14,000m sq of retail floor space. The Study concludes that there is currently a lack of available sites in the remaining town centres so the new Plan will need to consider other options if the borough is to accommodate the projected demand.

15.2.7 Retail Parks - There are four major retail parks in the borough, Enfield Retail Park/Colloseum Retail Park and De Mandeville Gate Retail Park are clustered on the A10 near Southbury Road. Angel Road Retail Park and Ravenside Retail Park are located on the north and south of the North Circular Road respectively in Central Leaside. The Study concludes the borough has excellent retail warehouse provision with good access for all its residents. Figures indicate that the retail warehouses’ share of the comparison goods expenditure is 28%, which is a relatively high proportion. No demand is identified for additional retail warehousing units. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 79

15 Town Centres and Retailing

15.3 Management of Change in Town Centres

15.3.1 In order to maintain the vitality and viability of town centres the new Plan will need to include a presumption against the loss of retail units within town centres. The current UDP based policy seeks to restrict over concentration of non-retail uses in town centres by applying a minimum level of 65% occupancy. However this has now been breached in most of the centres and a new approach is needed. One approach for the new Plan could be the use of criteria to prevent the creation of concentrations of non-retail use within primary shopping frontages, varying according to the character and vitality of the town centre and including a more flexible approach in secondary frontages. Controls could also be set on the number of non-shop units within part or all of a town centre.

15.4 Entertainment, Leisure and the Evening and Night-time Economy

15.4.1 The Study considers future demand for entertainment and leisure uses in the borough's town centres. It concludes that the current cinema provision is sufficient to meet demand up to 2017 whilst growth in restaurants, cafes and bars is projected to continue up to 2017. It identifies a need for a new ten-pin bowling facility and suggests there may be scope for additional health and fitness facilities to meet demand up to 2017. Uses such as nightclubs and casinos are generally restricted by the borough’s proximity to central London; however the study concludes there may be scope for a small to medium nightclub within the borough.

15.4.2 Government guidance recommends that the new Plan should contain policies which help to manage the evening and night-time economy in appropriate centres. These policies should encourage a range of complementary evening and night-time uses which appeal to a wide range of ages and social groups. Policies should take into consideration the scale of leisure development the Council wishes to encourage and its likely impact, including cumulative impact on the character and function of the centre, anti-social behaviour, crime and residential amenities. Proposals for uses serving the evening and night-time economy are often controversial. However, changes in government legislation such as the changes to licensing laws allowing for later and staggered closing times and changes to the use class order, distinguishing between pubs, restaurants, and take-aways, introduce mechanisms to control some issues associated with the evening and night-time economy. The new Plan could encourage the development of the night time economy in some or all of the borough's town centres or take a more restrictive approach. 80 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

15 Town Centres and Retailing

15.5 Your Views

Question 44

Meeting the need for further retail development and other town centre uses

Should the new Plan seek to cater for the projected demand in retail floorspace for comparison goods or allow the expenditure to go to centres outside the borough?

Question 45

Meeting the need for further retail development and other town centre uses

Where should the new Plan allow further retail development to meet the projected demand?

1. 10,000 sq m of additional comparison floorspace in the areas around the Enfield Town Railway Station?

2. Higher density development in the existing town centres?

3. Comprehensive redevelopment at one or more town centre?

4. Limited growth at one or more of the borough's existing retail parks? Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 81

15 Town Centres and Retailing

Question 46

Managing change in town centres

Should the new Plan restrict the loss of shop units which result in an over concentration of non-shop units in Enfield Town and the main District Centres?

If you do not agree, could you tell us why?

Question 47

Managing the entertainment, evening and night-time economy

What policy approach should the new Plan adopt towards the entertainment, leisure and the evening and night-time economy? 82 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

15 Town Centres and Retailing

Part 5

What’s Next

16 What’s Next

Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 83

16 What's Next

16.0.1 From now until the summer 2007 we are consulting the community, local groups and organisations and key stakeholders on what you think about the issues and options that concern you.

16.0.2 The response to this consultation will be used to develop the preferred options for the new Plan, which will be subject to a further, more formal 6 week period of consultation in the autumn. Following this the Council will have the opportunity to refine its preferred approach prior to submitting the Core Strategy to the Secretary of State in spring 2008.

16.0.3 By that time it is hoped that the majority of issues will have been resolved; however if you are not satisfied there will be the opportunity to lodge a formal objection to the Core Strategy. This formal objection can be heard by an independent inspector at a public examination likely to be towards the end of 2008.

16.0.4 The Inspector will produce a report of his/her findings on the objections and the "soundness" of the Core Strategy which will be binding on the Council. It is anticipated that the Core Strategy will be formally adopted by the Council in the summer of 2009.

16.0.5 Work on other local development documents for the Local Development Framework is also underway. Further information on these documents and the Council's programme for preparing the LDF is set out in the Local Development Scheme and summarised in Appendix 5 to this report.

How to Respond

If you have any views or comments to make please contact

The Planning Policy Team London Borough of Enfield PO Box 53 Civic Centre, Silver Street Enfield EN1 3XE

or email us at [email protected]

or fill in the special LDF consultation form on the website at www.enfield.gov.uk

Closing date for comments is .... 84 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

16 What's Next

Appendices

1 Enfield Strategic Partnership’s Sustainable Community Strategy 2 Enfield’s Spatial Portrait 3 Spatial Planning Framework 4 The Evidence Base 5 Components of the Local Development Framework 6 Glossary Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 1 Appendix 1 Enfield Strategic Partnership's Sustainable Community Strategy

The Enfield Strategic Partnership (ESP) brings together all the major public sector organisations, local businesses, community and voluntary groups to work collectively to improve the quality of life for local people.

The aim of the Partnership is to ensure that everyone involved in promoting the social, economic and environmental well-being of Enfield is able to work together in a coordinated way to improve the quality of life in the borough and deliver our vision.

Enfield’s Future, A Sustainable Community Strategy for Enfield 2007-17

Enfield’s Future is the borough’s sustainable community strategy, a document which puts the needs of the community at its heart and seeks to improve the borough for the benefit of all.

The Community Strategy is the overarching strategy for all local services in the borough to which all of the key organisations that are part of the ESP have signed up to deliver. It sets out the future for Enfield and how it will look and feel for those living, working, studying, doing business in and visiting the borough.

The purpose of the Community Strategy is to:

Set out a shared vision for the future of the borough, which sets the context for the partnership’s ‘place shaping’ activities Outline our priorities for action over the next 2 years Demonstrate our commitment to working together for the benefit of residents Enable better co-ordination of our actions to ensure they are fully effective and that as a partnership we use resources efficiently to tackle issues that cut across all aspects of an individual’s life

You can find Enfield's Community Strategy at www.enfieldsp.org.uk 2 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Appendix 1 Enfield Strategic Partnership's Sustainable Community Strategy Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 3

Appendix 2 Enfield's Spatial Portrait

Location

The London Borough of Enfield lies about 10 miles north of central London and covers an area of 8218 hectares (about 82 square kilometres or 32 square miles).

Historical Development

Until the late 19th century the borough largely consisted of open country with distinct settlements including a market town at Enfield, large villages at Edmonton Green and Southgate Green and many smaller villages and hamlets linked by a network of country lanes. Since then it has been progressively involved in the growth of London, with the expansion of public transport leading to extensive housing development, particularly during the interwar period.

This suburban development took place in a piecemeal manner and was considerably influenced by the original settlement pattern, with former country lanes being upgraded into residential streets and former villages being developed into local shopping centres. The retention of open space for use as public parks, sports fields and allotments often came about through bequests made by the owners of former country estates. Therefore it does not readily conform to the common view of the suburb as an area of uniform development and market towns.

Further outward growth was halted by the creation of the Green Belt and housing development has continued on both open land and previously developed sites within the built-up area. The growth of suburban housing estates has brought about, in turn, the development of shopping centres, community facilities, industrial areas and utility services. 4 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 2 Enfield's Spatial Portrait

Enfield Today

Today Enfield encompasses a section of London’s northern suburbs and is the 5th largest borough in terms of population size. It has a particularly varied character, partly reflecting the piecemeal historical development of the borough. There is a major division between the open and built environment - a third of the borough is classified as Green Belt, devoted mainly to agriculture and country parks. This is concentrated in the area of countryside in the north west of the borough and the Lee Valley Regional Park along the eastern corridor.

Residential uses occupy another third, and the remainder is land devoted to shops, commerce, industry, transport, etc. Within the urban fabric much of the land is actually open land, in use as private back gardens, public parks, sports fields, golf courses, allotments and school playing fields, giving the built environment a green character. In contrast to the north west of the borough, the east and south has a more closely knit character.

The borough has 117,137 dwellings (31 March 2005) of which approximately 74,000 are houses and the remainder flats. At the time of the 2001 Census 70.7% of dwellings were in owner occupation, 17.5% were in Council / Housing Association ownership and 11.9% were privately rented. From October 2005 to March 2006 the average price of a house in Enfield was £233,106 (Land Registry).

Most industrial activity, both historically and currently, is concentrated in the east of the borough within the Lee Valley corridor, particularly along Mollison Avenue/Meridian Way and Great Cambridge Road. Whilst it suffered from a structural decline of its traditional industrial base towards the end of the 20th Century, today the borough is one of London’s major centres of manufacturing and distribution, with a growing service industries sector. Major private sector employers are Coca-Cola, Nestle, IKEA, Allied Pickfords and Royal Bank of Scotland; and Brimsdown, in the Lee Valley, is the largest industrial estate in London after Park Royal.

The borough has 5 main town centres at Enfield Town, Edmonton Green, Angel Edmonton, Southgate and Palmers Green and a network of over 60 large, medium and local shopping centres offering a range of shops and local services to their immediate communities, together with three retail parks. Enfield Town and Edmonton Green are currently undergoing major town centre redevelopment and regeneration schemes.

The borough has 16 conservation areas and numerous listed buildings. Some of the conservation areas are centred on the country estates established in the early history of the Borough e.g Forty Hill, Clay Hill and Trent Park. Others are based around old town and village centres such as Enfield Town, Winchmore Hill, Southgate and Edmonton Green. Development brought about by the coming of the railway in the nineteenth century is reflected in the conservation areas at Bush Hill Park and Hadley Wood. The industrial past of the borough is represented by conservation areas at Ponders End Flour Mills and parts of the former and its canal environs at Enfield Lock. Smaller conservation areas at Vicars Moor Lane, Turkey Street and Fore Street, are based on distinctive individual streets or clusters of houses. More recent designations have reflected other important local townscapes such as the former Highlands Hospital and Montagu Cemeteries.

There are also some areas of the Borough where former land uses or patterns of development and the passage of time have resulted in environments of mediocre or poor quality. Factors such as traffic and parking congestion, the decline in local and independent retail facilities and the effects of air and noise pollution currently contribute to loss in quality of life for some residents. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 5

Appendix 2 Enfield's Spatial Portrait

The borough is relatively well served by radial roads, rail and underground links to central London and has good access to the rest of the UK and Europe. To the west, London Underground’s Piccadilly Line connects the borough with London’s west end. The western side is also served by the Moorgate line, which has a branch through the centre of the Borough to Hertford North. The eastern half of the Borough is linked by British Rail to the City and Stansted. The Borough abuts the M25 London Orbital Motorway to the north. Other major roads through the Borough include the North Circular Road (A406), the Great Cambridge Road (A10) and Meridian Way/Mollison Avenue (A1055). There is however a lack of good quality, efficient orbital transport links across the borough and beyond. High priorities for the borough include improvements to the North Circular Road and improvements to the Lee Valley rail corridor.

Enfield's Population

At mid 2005 the borough’s population was estimated to be 280,540 (according to the Office for National Statistics). This is expected to grow by approximately 6,000 between 2006-2011, an increase of 2.1%, particularly in the east and south of the borough (GLA 2003 Demographic Projections).

Enfield has a large population of both children (0-14s) and older people (over 74s) in comparison to the rest of London. The child population is also large compared to the national average. Life expectancy for men is 76.8 years and women is 81 years (using latest data for 2004). Enfield’s population is also diverse. Our black and minority ethnic population in the 2001 Census was 39% and more than 50% of primary school children are from black and minority ethnic communities. The 5 top non-English languages spoken in the borough’s schools are Turkish, Greek, Bengali, Somali and Gujerati.

The borough is also diverse in terms of the wealth of its population, with wide variations between the most affluent and deprived wards. It is ranked 16th out of the 33 London boroughs in terms of deprivation and is one of the most highly deprived outer London boroughs in terms of such factors as average income, unemployment, health and life expectancy, crime, overcrowding and poor housing conditions.

The south east of the borough is generally most deprived, with income tending to increase towards the north west. The borough’s industry, offices and shops provide employment for some 109,700 people, whilst in March 2006 there were 6,715 people unemployed (Enfield Observatory). The level of unemployment is higher than the London average but there are marked variations by ward with the highest rates of unemployment in the south east of the borough (Enfield Observatory). Whilst the borough’s economic base is continuing to recover from the severe damage caused by the economic recession of the late 1980s, there remain significant pockets of socio-economic deprivation, particularly amongst the black and minority ethnic communities who face particular difficulties in breaking down the “barriers” to employment.

Community Services

The borough has two general hospitals at Chase Farm and North Middlesex, Chase Farm is shortly to be the subject of a major regeneration scheme. Enfield has 66 primary schools, 17 secondary schools and 6 special schools. In 2005/06 51.5% of pupils gained five or more GCSEs at grades A*-C. The borough is also home to three further education colleges and major elements of Middlesex University. A new City Academy is planned for Enfield Lock. There are 6 leisure centres and 15 libraries in the borough. Parks and open spaces cover 2,005 ha.

Crime is below the average for similar outer London boroughs. Offences in 2005/06 were 27,473, a rate of 98.1 per 1000 population. 32% of residents surveyed in November 2005 felt 'fairly safe' or 'very safe' after dark whilst outside in Enfield and 84% of residents felt 'fairly safe' or 'very safe' during the day whilst outside in Enfield (MORI Residents’ Survey 2005). 6 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 2 Enfield's Spatial Portrait

Key Drivers of Change

Looking to the future, there are a number of forces driving change in the borough, all of them arising from wider changes but with a particular dimension for Enfield and the subregion as a whole. These are referred to as “key drivers of change” and will be considered in further detail in the preparation of issues and options for the Core Strategy. They include the following:

Population growth

London’s population is expected to continue to grow to 2021. Between 2006-21 Enfield’s population is expected to grow by approximately 6,000, an increase of 2.1%. The Mayor’s London Plan (2004) proposes that north London should accommodate some 47,000 additional homes and 26,000 new jobs by 2016, of which 10,000 homes and 700 jobs should be in the Upper Lee Valley, predominantly in Enfield.

Economic growth

Enfield lies at the centre of the north London sub-region which comprises the boroughs of Enfield, Barnet, Haringey and Waltham Forest. This sub region occupies a key strategic position between central London and several of the Growth Areas identified in the Government’s Sustainable Communities Plan – The London-Stansted-Cambridge-Peterborough Corridor and the Thames Gateway. Forces for change arising from this position in the sub region include:

The expansion of Stansted Airport and the development of areas around Harlow and the M11in the London -Stansted-Cambridge–Peterborough Corridor The growth of Stratford City as a rail hub and major retail and office location and the development of the 2012 Olympic facilities in the Stratford-Hackney Wick area. Continued growth the Thames Gateway Continued growth of Central London and the Upper Lee Valley Within the sub region, substantial economic growth is envisaged at Brent Cross-Cricklewood and Tottenham Hale. Environmental pressures

Population and economic growth needs to be managed in a sustainable way. The forces for change will create additional pressures for the borough’s environment, infrastructure and local services, with a need to

Protect and enhance the borough’s environment; Secure major improvements to the existing transport infrastructure, such as North Circular Road and better access to the M25 and secure better public transport services for Enfield Identify and safeguard sufficient land for community services and essential infrastructure, such as education, health and utility services. Social needs

Population and economic growth will influence the forces of change affecting the social needs of Enfield’s population. There is a need to tackle social deprivation and the inequalities that currently exist in the borough. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 7

Appendix 3 Spatial Planning Framework

The Enfield Plan A new type of development plan for Enfield

Changes go on all the time to the places where we live, work and play. These changes are usually quite small – the neighbours have an extension built, the local dry cleaners becomes a video hire shop or a fast food takeaway. Sometimes our neighbourhood is affected by more far reaching changes – perhaps a new housing development, a factory or office block, a supermarket or a road improvement scheme.

Enfield Council tries to make sure that such changes do not harm the environment or the well-being of the local community. More than that, the Council tries to ensure that such changes will make Enfield a better place in which to live. But for that to work we need to have a vision of the kind of place Enfield should be in the future – and for that vision to be shaped and shared by the whole community.

The Council’s guidelines for controlling development in Enfield are set out in its Unitary Development Plan.

Recently the Government has issued proposals for reforming the planning system. These include abolishing Unitary Development Plans and replacing them with a new type of development plan called a Local Development Framework.

The new system is expected to commence in spring 2004. From that date local authorities will have to start to replace their existing plans with Local Development Frameworks. It will be in everyone’s interest for this transition to be completed as smoothly and quickly as possible.

The Council therefore is giving thought now to the things Enfield’s Local Development Framework should contain. In this leaflet we look at the broad picture. We have called it the Strategic Planning Framework. It contains a number of Guiding Principles and Objectives which together will provide Enfield with a good quality of life and environment, both now and in the future.

Councillor Terry Neville Cabinet Member for Environment, Parks & Amenities LONDON BOROUGH OF ENFIELD 8 Enfield Appendix Council

Local development frameworks Strategic planning Core framework Strategy In December 2002 the Government introduced legislation What will the LDF look like? which will change the way in which local authorities draw The LDF will consist of a folder of documents which will help What kind of borough do we want Enfield to be? 3 guide the use of land and buildings in Enfield. up development plans. Spatial To answer this question, we need to set out our Guiding Principles. The Government considers that, under the current system, The main components will be: Issues development plans are too detailed. This makes them time To put the Guiding Principles into effect we need clear Objectives. consuming and expensive to prepare and review. The Core Strategy

Includes the strategic planning framework contained in The Objectives must be more than good intentions. We need to and this leaflet, together with the core planning policies.* measure our progress in achieving them. Each Objective must The Government proposes therefore to abolish the types of

therefore have: Options development plans produced under the present system and replace them with Local Development Frameworks (LDFs). The Proposals Map Planning The legislation is contained in the Planning and Compulsory • some kind of Indicator by which it can be measured, Identifies land designated for particular types of use or and: Purchase Bill. It is expected to become law by the summer and where particular policies will apply, such as Green Belt, some kind of Target by which we can tell if the (Cabinet the new system to commence in spring 2004. • Conservation Areas, open space and employment areas. Objective is being achieved. Also shows important sites where particular types of development are planned. Inside this leaflet you’ll find the Council’s ideas for the Guiding

Principles, Objectives, Indicators and Targets. These together make up Sub What things must the LDF take into account? a Strategic Planning Framework for Enfield. In providing a vision for Enfield, the LDF must also fit in with The Statement of Community Involvement Committee national planning guidance issued by the Government and Sets out the arrangements for involving the community We’d like to have your views on these ideas – whether you think in the review of the LDF and in significant development with regional planning guidance issued by the Mayor of there are issues we’ve overlooked or where we’ve got the priorities Framework London. It must also be co-ordinated with the Council’s control decisions. Also provides guidelines on how the wrong, and whether you think the Strategic Planning Framework will Community Strategy. community will be consulted on planning applications help make Enfield the kind of place you want to see. and how applicants should go about applying for planning permission. Please remember that at this stage we’re only concerned with the 27.03.07) London Plan The Mayor of London is responsible for producing broad issues. We’ll be considering more detailed planning issues at a later stage (see overleaf). planning guidance for London as a whole. In June 2002 he Design Statements published the draft London Plan. The London Boroughs have to Provide detailed guidance on such matters as house make sure that their development plans are generally in line with extensions, flat conversions, shopfront designs or car The Council is keen to have your views on the Guiding Principles the London Plan. The plan is due to be parking arrangements. adopted by the end of the year. and Objectives set out in the fold-out part of this leaflet. Your comments should be sent to us at the: Area Action Plans Consist of detailed plans for areas where many changes Planning Policy Team Community Strategy are likely to be concentrated. Planning & Transportation Services All local authorities must prepare a Community Strategy. London Borough of Enfield This is done in partnership with other public, private and FREEPOST NW5036 community sector organisations. The Strategy is intended to * A planning policy is a short clear statement of the matters which the Enfield EN1 3BR promote economic, social and environmental well-being Council will take into account when it receives an application for planning and achieve sustainable permission. If the proposed development is not in line with the policy, then You can fax us your comments on 020 8379 3887 development. the Council is likely to refuse planning permission unless there are exceptional circumstances affecting the site which would make this or visit our website at www.enfield.gov.uk particular development acceptable. or e-mail us on [email protected] Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 9

Appendix 3 Spatial Planning Framework

The next steps

The Strategic Planning Framework described in this leaflet deals with broad planning issues. The Council intends that it should form part of the Core Strategy of Enfield’s Local Development Framework once the new system commences (see previous page).

The next task is to think about the core policies to be included in the Core Strategy. The Council intends to produce a series of leaflets which will:

• Look at one or more of the Objectives set out in this leaflet and ask what kind of core policy or policies we need to achieve that Objective. • Suggest what the core policy or policies should be and why. • Identify, where appropriate, those areas where particular core policies would apply. (This will arise with policies which concern the Green Belt, the larger open spaces, major industrial estates, shopping centres, etc.)

The leaflets will be supplemented by other documents. Some of these will provide background information, others will set out the national and regional planning guidance which would support the core policy.

The leaflets will be organised and issued under the following broad themes: work • homes • leisure • open land townscape • community services shopping & town centres movement & accessibility environmental resources & protection

04/03 10 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 3 Spatial Planning Framework

frastructure and frastructure mers mers Green as district centres; and Green Travel Plans to be required Travel Green through the planning process for all developments generating permanent employment for over 35 people. Transport Assessments Assessments to be Transport required through the planning process for all developments with significant transport implications. All new developments requiring planning permission to provide off-street parking spaces to meet parking the standards. Council’s need improvement.

on on enhancing those which Number Number of development proposals Travel for which Green Plans have been agreed. KEY AREAS WITHIN WITHIN ENFIELD AREAS KEY GUIDING GUIDING PRINCIPLE 5: (9) maintaining existing good local andenvironments in Lee Valley’s open areas and enhance its Valley’s role recreational for Londoners; Lee and local centres, recognising that this will mean a emphasis general on Number Number of development proposals Assessments Transport for which have been prepared. Number of off-street parking spaces in provided new developments. In applying these across principles the strategically borough, the Council will: Protect Protect the open and special character of the Enfield Chase area; and protect the Seek to secure a good quality of for environment all the residential areas borough’s enhance their retail, transport, business, community, leisure and residential facilities; closer closer proximity;  Edmonton Green, Southgate, Angel Edmonton and Pal The Support the role of Enfield Town as Support a the major role Town centre of in Enfield the London conurbation, and the roles of cing cing the Encourage the Encourage important regionally manufacturing and other business activities adjoining the Lee Valley, and promote the employment sites strategic Park,at Innova Leaside; and Brimsdown Central ative environmental effects environmental and near significant public transport interchanges; (9) PROVIDING AN AN EFFECTIVE & PROVIDING GUIDING GUIDING PRINCIPLE 4: INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SYSTEM TRANSPORT INTEGRATED Guiding Principle 5 diminishing motorised traffic’s adverse diminishing adverse motorised traffic’s facilities, community services and open spaces into Centres* promoting development promoting which development brings homes, work, leisure, cultural focusing activities generating major in travel Major and District facilities focusing in day-to-day Local and Neighbourhood Centres* objective indicator target 4.1: the Facilitate further development of safe and efficient transport systems which help improve competitiveness, and regeneration environmental quality. 4.2: Use parking policies and other measures to facilitate essential car and travel increase altern travel choices travel by promoting safe walking, cycling and public transport provision. distances distances people need to by: travel 4.3: Increase local choice the over plan period, redu - - - will be applied strategically strategically Guiding Principles across across the shows shows how the other borough To this end,To the Council will also pursue the of provision

serve serve all users and facilitate essential whilst car travel  an effective an and effective sustainable integrated transport system to (9) uses uses in out-of-centre All All development proposals for retail developments over 2,500 square metres outside town centres to be the subject of a sequential test. (10) (8) in in the Employment Strategic where: (7) (6) character character and identity of the locality; the densities proposed are compatible with the there there is supportingcomprehensive infrastructure; the can traffic generation extra be absorbed; At least At 80% of new homes completed each year to be built on developed land. previously Meeting the of provisions Regional Planning Guidance for new housing in Enfield (currently RPG3 Guidance Strategic for London Authorities and, Planning in due course, the London Plan). - development at greater densities than permissible to elsewhere be acceptable. No net loss of premises in Use Class B1 and B2* Maintain or the improve numbers of planning employment-generating year on approvals year in town, local and neighbourhood centres.* No net loss of public open space. all Realise opportunities for securing suitable recreation national/regional initiatives. All to facilities relevant infrastructure the Objective to respect local amenities and quality. environmental - - For all sites For within high accessibility zones* Locations.* No net increase in floorspace occupied A1* by Class retail retail clusters. land, water, energy, ouncil ouncil will apply the (9) built built at in in the (6) (7) development development in which which are made the subject of (8) (10) (9) Percentage of new Percentage homes built on developed land. previously Net number of dwellings completed during current year. Number Number of new developments in high accessibility zones* Number of proposals for development within Use Classes B1 and B2* Employment Strategic Locations.* Number Number of employment- planning generating approvals in town, local and neighbourhood centres.* densities densities greater than those permissible in elsewhere Enfield. out-of-centre out-of-centre retail clusters. Number Number of proposals for non- A1* Class Area Area of public open space taken up for built development. Number of proposals for recreation facilities of more than Borough-wide significance in the Park. Regional Valley Lee Number of infrastructure to facilities relevant the Objective as approved respecting local amenities and quality. environmental a a sequential test demonstrating that all potential town centre sites have been thoroughly assessed less before central sites are considered. Number Number of development proposals for major retail developments outside town centres* accessible to all. t ; SUSTAINABILITY s ty s, (9) at ties. n road PROMOTING GOOD FACILITIES PROMOTING eflects eflects ters ters by GUIDING GUIDING PRINCIPLE 3: To achieve thriving inclusive communities,To the mineral mineral and other resources, and transport. which which enhance quality of life and are readily and and at other work, shopping, community and leisure facilities (9)

 will Council need to pursue the of availability housing, GUIDING GUIDING PRINCIPLE 1: housing, in a that: way (5) by by public transport: (6) principles principles of sustainability to all matters affecting the built and natural planning policies on and development on the use of In In pursuit of the vision Strategy’s Community the C environment. This will include ensuring that those principles underlie all its (8) infrastructure is infrastructure provided; character character and identity of the locality; be provided; and maintains and enhances quality; environmental Enfield’s ensures that all necessary supporting community and pays proper regard pays to proper regard existing local densities; and seeks a housing size/type/tenure mix which better r where where such densities are compatible with the where comprehensive supportingwhere comprehensive can infrastructure where extra traffic generation can traffic generation where extra be absorbed. Enfield’s housing Enfield’s needs. objective indicator target 3.1: Promote urban regeneration, particularly in area or requiring improvements environmental enhanced employment opportunities; focus new development on developed land previously within the urban area; set and achieve land Enfield’s recycling targets. 3.2: Optimise new housing provision, particularly key and worker affordable* - - - - 3.3: greater development densities Achieve than those found more widely in Enfield at locations highly accessible* - 3.4: Enhance the competitiveness of Enfield’s business activities, including manufacturing, service tourism, culture and the arts; and help enhance role London’s as a world city. 3.5: economic and Encourage regeneration promote business clusters with high activities, value particularly in the Employment Strategic Locations.* 3.6: employment activities Encourage in the town, local and neighbourhood centres* 3.7: Promote, enhance and, where necessary, the regenerate retail vitality and viability of the town,Borough’s local and neighbourhood centres* and actively support the of provision town centre business, community, leisure, residential and transpor facilities. accessible accessible locations with good public transport facilities. - - 3.8: Oppose major new out-of-centre retail developments; promote a more sustainable approach to activities in existing out-of-centre retail clus activities encouraging which complement Enfield’s town centres rather than compete with them; promote better public transport services and facili 3.9: Maintain and, where necessary, enhance local public open space in provision the Borough. Authori 3.10: Park Regional Valley with Work the Lee to promote and regional national recreational opportunities Valley, in the Lee including the development of a sportsregional/national facility Lock.Pickett’s 3.11: Support, through land use planning, waste collection and disposal facilities; energy generatio and distribution facilities (especially renewable energy); and the national telecommunications network, that provided local amenities and quality environmental are respected. , g d n a in te (4) (1) (2) new new developments to (3) incorporate Sustainable incorporate Urban Systems.Drainage * At least At 80% of new homes completed each year to be built on developed land. previously No net loss of open land to built development within the Green Belt, Metropolitan Open Land, and other areas included within an open land designation. All Conservation Areas Areas to have a All Conservation Area appraisal. Conservation 100% 100% of potential developers to encouraged use the Council’s sustainable design and construction guide. * Major * No No net loss of Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. * which is provided association, or local authority managed or including shared ownership. by other organisation, a housing *(6) The Council and other London Councils si a of accessibility use the measure to model computer a to public transport. This model grades localities on scale of 1-6 according Accessibility Level (PTAL). to Those their areas falling with Public Transport PTAL 4 and above (which are bein as generally minutes’regarded are centre) town a of within walk 10 “high within accessibility a zone”. *(7) Use Classes B1 Industrial) (Business) are as defined and in the B2 Town and Country (General Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987. *(8) “Strategic Employment Locations” areas defined are in those the London Plan being (Policy 3B.6) London’s as strategic capacity. reservoir of industrial *(9) The London Plan contains a hierarchy of Town) town (Enfield Centres Major comprise which centres District Centres (Edmonton Green, Southgate Circus, Angel-Edmonton, Palmers Green), Local Centres and Neighbourhood Centres. The “town term centre”, as used in the Objectives, Major an Enfield’s comprises District Centres. *(10) Use A1 Class (Shops) is as defined in Tow the and Planning Country (Use Classes) Order 1987. . s il n and ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL thriving thriving inclusive communities.  & ENHANCING MAINTAINING GUIDING GUIDING PRINCIPLE 2: (4) (1) (2) Maintaining and enhancing and environmental aesthetic quality in both the built and the natural environment is environment intrinsic to the vision Strategy’s of Number Number of potential developers to encouraged use the Council’s sustainable design and construction guide. * of new Percentage homes built on developed land. previously Number of proposals which Sustainable incorporate Urban Systems.* Drainage Number of Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. * Net area of open land taken up for built development. Number of Conservation Areas Number of Conservation Area appraisals. with Conservation NOTES This refers to *(1) guidance published by the Counc which is aimed at developers and householders and which seeks to developments in construction and design sustainable encourage a greater The Council is currently degreeundertaking consultation o of a new planning policy which requires applicants to have appropriate regard to sustainable design construction and in their proposals. The Targets will Indicators be and amended once this policy has been as approved formally a draft LDF policy. *(2) “Sustainable Urban Drainage collective term used to describe the management Systems”of is run-off a at or near the point of impact of rainfall before it reaches the piped drainage and sewerage systems of urban areas.ponds,water underground and pavements permeable They include butts. balancing *(3) “Major” developmentsmore; or dwellings 10 of developments hotels/hostels comprise residential of ten beds or developments of 1000 square metres or more. more; and other non-residential *(4) “Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation” are as defined in the London Plan, Map 3D.4. *(5) Affordable housing is defined by the Council a housing where the rent reduced, or directly price or indirectly, is by means permanently of from the public, subsidy or private voluntary sector and , e f ce n the ed g her . d he ve. - - Clear succinct statements of the - These establish These the long - Council’s term - These are chosen as are chosen These typical - and – These are set These for – the individual Indicators and objective indicator target the the Borough. 2.1: Minimise harm environmental by encouraging development designs and locations which use water, energy, mineral and other more resources sustainably; enable better management;waste and help reduce air, land and pollution. water 2.2: Minimise potential air, water, land, noise and light polluting activities; air improve quality, redu waste, pollution and energy use; and encourage recycling. 2.3: Maximise land reclamation and reuse. 2.4: the threat of Avoid flooding and control surfac drainage. water 2.5: Protect and biodiversity in improve all parts o 2.6: Protect and the improve beauty and amenity of open Enfield’s environment, including the Green Belt Metropolitan Open Land, and other areas included within an open land designation. 2.7: and the Conserve improve quality and of attractiveness the built environment, promoting better design and respecting special structures and areas. Objectives can be gauged. are They not intended to measure all the aspects which relate to the objecti representative of representative those matters which will need to change if the Objectives are to be achieved. ne They to be achieving so measurable towards that progress measure measure success in achieving the related Objectives Plan’s Plan’s main directions. arise They from the views an comments of Enfield organisations. will They be furt modified as appropriate through public consultation. Glossary Guiding Principles Objectives Indicators Targets light light of all relevant Government and London plannin be pursued in accordance with national and regional plans and guidance. intentions, a provide more detailed framework for developing the plan’s core policies, and enable performance measures to be set up. been have They drawn up by considering the Guiding Principles in t guidance, to determine how the Guiding Principles ca Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 11

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

International Plans and Policies

Communication for the Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, European Commission (2005) Communication on a European Biodiversity Strategy, European Commission (1998) Communication on the European Sustainable Development Strategy, European Commission (2001) Communication on the Sixth Environmental Action Programme: Environment 2010: Our Future, Our Choice, European Commission (2001) Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe, European Commission (1985) Council Decision 1600/2002/EC laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Progamme, European Commission (2002) Council Directive 1999/30/EC First Daughter Directive, European Commission (1999) Council Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, European Commission (2000) Council Directive 2000/69/EC Second Daughter Directive, European Commission (1999) Council Directive 2002/3/EC Third Daughter Directive, European Commission (2002) Council Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, European Commission (2002) Council Directive 2002/91/EC European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings, European Commission (2002) Council Directive 2004/107/EC Forth Daughter Directive, European Commission (2004) Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, European Commission (1979) Council Directive 92/43/EEC Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora Directive, European Commission (1992) Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, European Commission (1996) Council Directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management, European Commission (1996) European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage, European Commission (1992) European Landscape Convention, European Commission (2000) European Spatial Development Perspective, European Commission (1999) Landfill Directive: Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste, EU (1999) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, United Nations (1999) Urban design for sustainability, European Commission (2004) 12 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

National Plans and Policies

Attitudes to streetscape and street uses, ONS (2004) Building in context, CABE and English Heritage (2001) Business in Sport and Leisure 2005 Handbook, BISL (2005) By design, DETR (2000) Census of Population, ODPM (2001) Census 2001 - Enfield Workplace Statistics, National Statistics (2001) Changes to Planning Obligations- A Planning Gain Supplement Consultation, DCLG (2006) Children Act 2004, (2004) Commissioning Framework for Health and Well-being, Department of Health (2007) Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment [Consultation Draft], English Heritage (2006) Crime and Disorder Act, (1998) Design at Appeal, CABE (2006) Developing Accessible Play Space – A Good Practice Guide, ODPM (2003) Education Development Plan, DfEE (undated) Experian Base Year Expenditure Figures 2004, Experian (2005) Experian Business Strategies (Recommended growth rates), Experian (undated) Family Expenditure Survey, National Statistics (2000/01) From Design Policy to Design Quality, RTPI (2002) Game Plan, Cabinet Office (2002) General Household Survey - Sports and Leisure Module, General Household Survey (2001 - 2002) GOAD Plans, GOAD/Experian (2005) Good practice note 4: manifesto for good design, National Planning Forum (2005) Green Belt policy: a Discussion Paper, RTPI (2000) Green Belts (Policy Statement), TCPA (2002) Green Belts: 50 years on, CPRE (2005) Greening the Green Belt for Enjoyment and Value, Environment Agency (2005) Guidance on Tall Buildings, CABE and English Heritage (2003) Homes for All- 5 year Plan, ODPM (2005) Housing Act 2004, (2004) Improving Urban Parks, Play Areas and Open Spaces, DTLR (2002) In Suburbia, In Suburbia Partnership (2002) Indices of Multiple Deprivation, ODPM (2004) Integrating Rural/Urban Divisions, Environment Agency (2003) In-town Retail Rents, Colliers CRE (2005) Lie of the Land: Championing Landscape Character, CPRE (2003) Living Places, Cleaner, Safer, Greener (October 2002), ODPM (2002) Local Authorities and Gypsies and Travellers: Guide to responsibilities and powers, ODPM (2006) Local Culture Strategies, DCMS (2000) Local Nature Reserves: Places for People and Wildlife, English Nature (2000) Making the Connection: Final Report on Transport and Social Exclusion, Social Exclusion Unit (2003) Management Horizons UK Shopping Index 2003/04, Management Horizons Europe (2003/04) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 13

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

Meeting Part M and Designing Lifetime Homes, Joseph Rowntree Foundation (1999) Minerals Policy Statement 1: Planning and Minerals, DCLG (2006) Minerals Policy Statement 2: Controlling and Mitigating the Environmental Effects of Mineral Extraction in England, DCLG (2005) Modernising Green Belts: a Discussion Paper, RTPI (2002) Moving Towards Excellence in Urban Design and Conservation, Planning Officers Society NEMS Business Occupancy Survey, NEMS (2005) New Urban Landscape Trans-national Programme, NHS Improvement Plan 2004, Department of Health (2004) NHS Plan, Department of Health (2000) ODPM Circular 05/2005- Planning Obligations, ODPM (2005) Our Health, Our Care, Our Say White Paper, Department of Health (2006) Paving the Way, CABE (2002) People and Places: Social Inclusion Policy for the Built and Historic Environment, DCMS (2002) Planning for Delivery: a Manifesto from the Royal Town Planning Institute, RTPI Planning for Gypsy and Traveller Sites Circular 01/2006, ODPM (2006) Planning for Outdoor Recreation: a Report for Natural England’s Outdoor Recreation Strategy, Henley Centre (2005) Planning Obligations- Best Practice Guidance, DCLG (2005) Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering Sustainable Development, ODPM (2005) Planning Policy Guidance 2: Green Belts, ODPM (2001) Planning Policy Statement 3 (PPS3): Housing, DCLG (2006) Delivering Affordable Housing, DCLG (2006) Planning Policy Guidance 4: Industrial, Commercial Development and Small Firms, ODPM (2001) Planning Policy Statement 6: Planning for Town Centres, ODPM (2005) Planning Policy Statement 7: Sustainable Development in Rural Areas, ODPM (2004) Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation, (2005) Planning Policy Statement 10: Planning For Sustainable Waste Management, ODPM (2005) Planning Policy Statement 12: Local Development Frameworks, ODPM (2004) Planning Policy Guidance 13: Transport, DETR (2001) Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment, DoE (1994) Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning, DoE (1990) Planning Policy Guidance 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation, ODPM (2002) Assessing the Needs and Opportunities: A Companion Guide to PPG 17, ODPM (2002) Planning Policy Guidance Note 19: Outdoor Advertisement Control, DoE (1992) Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy, ODPM (2004) Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control, ODPM (2004) Planning Policy Guidance 24: Planning and Noise, DoE (1994) Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk, DCLG (2006) Policy Briefing 13: Parking, Living Streets (2005) Position Statement: Addressing Environmental Inequalities, Environment Agency (2004) Position statement: sustainable development, Environment Agency (2004) Producing Boundaries and Statistics for Town Centres - London Pilot Study (Technical Report), ODPM (2005) 14 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

Protection of School Playing Fields, Consultation on revision of DfEE Circular No: 3/99, DfEE (1999) Public Parks Assessment, Urban Parks Forum (2001) Public Service Agreement 2005-2008: Technical Notes, (2005) Regeneration and the Historic Environment, English Heritage (2005) Retail Development in Historic Areas, English Heritage (2005) Retail Focus - Retailer and Leisure Requirements (July 2005), Experian (2005) Retail Planner Briefing Note 2.3D, (2005) Safer places, ODPM (2004) Social Exclusion Unit PAT 10 Report – Arts and Sport, DCMS (2001) Sport in the Green Belt, Sport England (2003) Sports Participation Reports, Mintel (2000 - 2004) Strategy for Sustainable Development “A Better Quality of Life”, DEFRA (2002) Survey of Sports Halls and Swimming Pools in England, Sport England (1999) Sustainable Communities: Building for the Future, ODPM (2003) Sustainable Residential Quality: New Approaches to Urban Living, DETR (2000) Sustainable Rural Development and Green Belt policy, RICS (2002) Tacking Health Inequalities- A Programme for Action, Department of Health (2003) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: Working together for Clean Air, DEFRA (2000) The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland: Working together for Clean Air, (undated) The Disability Discrimination Act 2005, (2005) The Environment Act 1995, OPSI (1995) The Historic Environment: A Force for Our Future, DCMS (2001) The Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997, (1997) The Six Acre Standard, National Playing Fields Association (2001) The Traffic Management Act 2004, (2004) The Use of Public Parks in England, RSGB Market Research (2003) The Value of Urban Design, CABE and DETR (2001) Towards a Level Playing Field, Sport England (2003) Unlocking the Potential of the Rural Urban Fringe, Countryside Agency and Groundwork (2004) Urban Green Spaces Taskforce, Green Spaces Better Places, DTLR (2002) Urban Green Spaces Taskforce, Neighbourhood Renewal, DTLR (2002) Urban White Paper: Our Towns and Cities: The Future, DCLG (2002) Valuation Office Statistics, VOS (2005) Verdict Report on Grocery Retailers, Verdict (2006) Waste Strategy 2000, DETR (2000) White Paper: European Transport Policy for 2010, (2001) White Paper: The Future of Transport CM 6234, (2004) Working with the Grain of Nature: a Biodiversity Strategy for England, DEFRA (2002) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 15

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

Regional Plans and Policies

2003 Round of GLA Demographic Projections (Scenario 8.1), GLA (2003) 2005 Round Interim Demographic Projections, GLA (2005) A City of Villages: Promoting a Sustainable Future for London’s Suburbs, Mayor of London (2002) Accessible London: Achieving an Inclusive Environment Supplementary Planning Guidance, Mayor of London (2004) Affordable Housing Development Control Toolkit 2004/5 version, GLA (2004) Affordable Housing in London- A Report from the Greater London Authority, Three Dragons and Nottingham Trent University (2001) Better food for London: the Mayor’s Draft Food Strategy, Mayor of London (2005) Cleaning London's Air: The Mayor's Air Quality Strategy, GLA (2002) Comparison Goods Floorspace Need in London, GLA (2004) Connecting London with Trees and Woodlands: A Tree and Woodland Framework for London, GLA (2005) Connecting with London’s Nature: The Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy, GLA (2002) Convenience Goods Floorspace Need in London, GLA (2005) Delivering Increased Housing Output- Technical Report for the London Plan (Spatial Development Strategy for Greater London) Examination in Public, GLA (2006) Draft Best Practice Guidance - Managing the Night Time Economy, GLA (2006) East of England Plan: Draft revision to the Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) for the East of England, East of England regional Assembly (2004) Empty Homes in London 2004, GLA (2004) Freight on the Waterways, Inland Waterways Association (2006) Further Alterations to the London Plan, GLA (2006) Greater London Housing Requirements Study, GLA (2004) Green Light to Clean Power: The Mayor’s Energy Strategy, GLA (2004) Guide to Preparing Children’s Play Strategies, GLA (2005) Guide to Preparing Open Space Strategies, GLA (2004) Health in London- Review of the London Health Strategy High Level Indicators, London Health Commission (2005) Health Issues Best Practice Guidance-Draft, GLA (2006) Housing in London: the London Housing Strategy Evidence Base 2005, GLA (2005) Housing Supplementary Planning Guidance, GLA (2005) Industrial and Warehouse Land Demand in London, GLA (2004) Industrial Capacity SPG DRAFT, GLA (2003) Lee Valley Regional Park Plan, Lee Valley Regional Park Authority (2000) London Employer Survey 2000-2001 North London Summary Report, London North Learning and Skills Council (2001) London Housing Strategy, London Housing Board (2005) London Office Policy Review, GLA (2006) London Stansted Cambridge Corridor-Initial Assessment of Growth Potential in London, GLA (2004) London View Management Framework: Draft SPG, Mayor of London (2005) London: Cultural Capital – Realising the Potential of a World Class City, Mayor of London (2003) London's Health- London Health Strategy, London Health Commission (2000) 16 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

London's Housing Submarkets, GLA (2004) Making space for Londoners, Mayor of London (2002) Managing the Night-Time Economy: Draft Best Practice Guidance, GLA (2006) Mayor's Biodiversity Strategy: Connecting with London's Nature, GLA (2002) North London Employment Land Study, LDA & NLSA (2006) North London Joint Waste DPD Scoping Study, 7 North London Boroughs (2005) North London Joint Waste Strategy, NLWA (2004) North London Sub Region's Funding Priorities (2006-2008 ADP Bidding Round), North London Sub Region( Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Haringey, Islington and Westimister (2006) North London Sub-Regional Development Framework, GLA (2006) North London Sub-regional Playing Field Strategy, North & East London Sports Network (2005) Office Policy Review 2004, GLA (2004) Open Space Planning in London, LPAC (1992) Planning for the Future Police Estate Development, (2005) Research into Non-Employment Within the Upper Lee Valley, LDA (2003) Size Matters- The Need for More Family Homes in London, London Assembly (2006) Sounder City: The Mayor's Ambient Noise Strategy, GLA (2004) Standard NHS Planning Contribution Model for London, NHS Healthy Urban Development Unit (2005) Streetscape Guidance [consultation draft], TfL (2004) Sustainable Design and Construction SPG, GLA (2006) The 2004 London Housing Capacity Study, GLA (2004) The London Biodiversity Audit, LBP (2000) The London Plan Housing Provision Targets, Waste and Minerals Alterations, GLA (2006) The London Plan: Strategic Development Strategy for Greater London, GLA (2004) The London Plan: Housing Provision Targets, Waste and Minerals Alterations, GLA (2006) The Mayor's Municipal Waste Management Strategy, GLA (2003) The Mayor's Transport Strategy, GLA (2001) The Mayor's Transport Strategy, GLA (2001) The North London Strategy, NLSA (2003) Thresholds for Affordable Housing Requirements, GLA (2003) Tomorrow's Suburbs Best Practice Guidance, Mayor of London (2006) Towards a North London Sub-Regional Economic Development Implementation Plan. Draft for consultation, NLSA (2006) Towards and Older People’s Strategy for London, (2005) Transport Strategy Implementation Targets, GLA (2004) Upper Lee Valley Transport Study, (2006) Upper Lee Valley: A New Vision. Stage 1 Report: Towards a New Vision, NLSA (2006) Watch Out for Health- Planning Checklist, NHS London Healthy Urban Development Unit (undated) Working Together for London: The North London Strategy, NLSA (2003) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 17

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

Local Plans and Policies

Annual Monitoring Report- April 05- March 06, Enfield Council (2006) Borough Spending Plan: 2006/7 to 2009/10, (2005) Children and Young People Plan 2006-2009- Promoting Positive Futures, Enfield Council (2006) Community Cohesion Strategy 2007-2009, Enfield Council (2007) Community Safety Strategy 2005-2008, Enfield Council (2005) Conservation Area Character Appraisals, Enfield Council (2006) Conservation Area Management Proposals, Enfield Council (2007) Developing Primary and Community Services Over the Next Five Years- A Draft Plan for Discussion, Enfield Primary Care Trust (2006) Draft Consultation Local Implementation Plan 2006/7 – 2010/11, Enfield Council (2006) Enfield Employment Land Study, Halcrow (2006) Enfield Local Agenda 21 Action Plan, (2002) Enfield Sports and Physical Activity Strategy, Enfield Council (2005) Enfield’s Future: The Community Strategy 2003/2006, Enfield Council (2003) Enfield's Homelessness Strategy, Enfield Council (2003) Enfield's Key Worker Research Report, Enfield Council (2006) Enfield's Local Area Agreement- Every Child Really Does Matter, Enfield Council (2006) Enfield's Older People Strategy 2007-2010, Enfield Strategic Partnership (2007) Enfield's Open Space and Sports Assessment, Enfield Council (2006) Enriching Enfield- Cultural Strategy Draft, Enfield Council (2007) Ethnic Diversity Research Report, Enfield Council (2005) Fresh Fields: A Strategy for Parks and Open Spaces in Enfield, Enfield Council (2002) Health Improvement Action Plan 2004-2008, Enfield Strategic Partnership (2004) Healthy Hospitals- Planning for the Future, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital Trust (2005) Housing Strategy 2005-2010, Enfield Council (2005) Housing Study (Market Demand, Housing Need) Main Report, Enfield Council (2005) Joint Commissioning Intentions for Adults- Health, Social Care and Housing, Enfield Council (2007) Local Health Delivery Plan, Enfield Primary Care Trust (2005) London Borough of Enfield: A Study of Town Centres, Enfield Council (2007) Planning Policy Statement: Securing Sustainable Design and Construction in Development, Enfield Council (2003) Provision of Grave Spaces and Maintenance of Cemetories, Report to the Environment, Parks and Amenities Scrutiny Panel, Enfield Council (2005) Public Health Report for Enfield, Enfield Primary Care Trust (2005) Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC), Enfield Council (2006) Putting Enfield First- Enfield's Corporate Strategy, Improvement and Best Value Performance Plan, Enfield Council (2006) Scoping the Future: Issues and Challenges Facing Enfield Over the Next 10 years, Enfield Council (2004) State of the Environment Report, Enfield Council (2001) Strategic Service Development Plan- LIFT- Building Better Health and Social Care Facilities in Your Community, Barnet, Enfield and Haringey LIFT (2002) Sustainable Community Strategy, ESP (2007) 18 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 4 The Evidence Base

Sustaining Communities In Enfield: The Regeneration Strategy for Enfield up to 2015, Enfield Council (2004) The Air Quality Action Plan Unitary Development Plan, (1994) Unitary Development Plan – Interim Amendments, Enfield Council (1997) Unitary Development Plan – Proposals Map, Enfield Council (1994) Waste Services Service Centre Plan 2005-08, Enfield Council (2005) Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 19 Appendix 5 Components of the Local Development Framework

A new type of development plan

5.0.1 Local planning authorities such as Enfield have long been required to draw up a development plan for their area to provide a framework for development and other use of land, development control and conservation.

5.0.2 Enfield’s current development plan is the Unitary Development Plan (UDP) which was adopted in 1994. Much has changed since then, including very extensive revision of national planning policy guidance by successive governments and the publication of the Mayor’s London Plan in February 2004.

5.0.3 Changes to the planning system introduced by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. aim to speed up plan preparation, improve community involvement in planning, strengthen policy content and promote a greater focus on delivery. The Act requires Local Planning Authorities to replace their development plans with a new style of plan called a Local Development Framework (LDF).

5.0.4 To meet the new Act’s requirements, Enfield’s new LDF will adopt a spatial approach to planning which goes beyond the use and regulation of land. It will not only replace the UDP but give spatial expression to Enfield’s Community Strategy, other Council strategies, and to the development proposals of other key service providers in Enfield. It will provide a clear, coherent and deliverable framework for the future development of the Borough.

What will the LDF look like?

5.0.5 Enfield’s Local Development Framework will not be a single document but a folder of Local Development Documents (LDDs). There are two types of LDDs:-

Development Plan Documents (DPD) which are subject to independent examination and a statutory adoption process and have development plan status. Supplementary Planning Documents (SPD) which elaborate upon the policies and proposals in DPDs but do not have development plan status. They are approved by the Council following consultation and include documents such as design guides, planning briefs or thematic documents.

The Local Development Scheme

5.0.6 The Local Development Scheme (LDS) sets out the Council’s three year programme for the production of Enfield’s LDF. It summarises the content of the LDF and the nature of each LDD to be produced.

5.0.7 In the three year period up to March 2009, the Council will produce the following Local Development Documents:

Core Strategy. Proposals Map. Sites Schedule. Enfield Design Guide. Development Standards. Enfield Town Area Action Plan. North East Enfield Area Action Plan. 20 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Appendix 5 Components of the Local Development Framework

Central Leeside Business Area Action Plan. North Circular Road Area Action Plan. Joint Waste Development Plan Document. 5.0.8 The Core Strategy will set out the vision for the future development of the Borough until 2017 and the core policies for delivering this vision. Once it is adopted all other LDDs must be in general conformity with it.

5.0.9 The Proposals Map will identify:

Areas of the Borough to which area-specific core policies relate; Sites to be safeguarded for particular land uses or activities; Area Action Plan boundaries; Sites with significant unimplemented planning permissions; Other sites where significant developments are programmed; Other relevant area-specific designations. 5.0.10 The Sites Schedule DPD will set out any land that has been allocated for specific types of development.

5.0.11 The Enfield Design Guide will reinforce the Council’s commitment to good design, promoting an urban and rural design framework to raise standards and inspire good design.

5.0.12 The Development Standards SPD will set out standards to guide and control new development and land use change in Enfield.

5.0.13 Area Action Plans will be drawn up for North East Enfield, the Central Leeside Business Area, Enfield Town and the North Circular Road. These are areas where proposals for change are concentrated and where land uses and activities are particularly complex. As such, these areas would benefit from more detailed scrutiny and the preparation of planning frameworks to resolve conflicting objectives, deliver planned growth, protect areas sensitive to change and stimulate regeneration.

5.0.14 The Council has agreed to work with the member boroughs of the North London Waste Authority to prepare a Joint Waste DPD. This will set out planning policies relating to waste disposal facilities and sites in North London.

5.0.15 Further details on each of these LDDs and the local, regional and national context informing Enfield’s LDD priorities are set out in the LDS. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 21

Appendix 6 Glossary

The Act The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004.

Adoption The stage at which the Local Planning Authority can adopt, by resolution of the Council, the Local Development Document as Council policy.

Adoption Process The statutory process by which a Local Planning Authority prepares, publishes and formally adopts a Local Development Document which is also a Development Plan Document.

Affordability The terms affordability and affordable housing have different meanings. Affordability is a measure of whether housing may be afforded by certain groups of households. Affordable housing refers to particular products outside the main housing market.

Affordable Housing Affordable housing should meet the needs of eligible households including availability at a cost low enough for them to afford, determined with regard to local incomes and local house prices. Affordable housing includes social rented and intermediate housing, provided to specified eligible households whose needs are not met by the market.

Annual Monitoring Part of the Local Development Framework, the annual monitoring report will assess the implementation of the Report (AMR) Local Development Scheme and the extent to which policies in Local Development Documents are being successfully implemented.

Area Action Plan A Local Development Document (which is also a Development Plan Document) which sets out a strategy for the future planning of areas with a concentration of proposals for change or where land uses and activities are particularly complex.

Area Designations Areas identified on the Proposals Map within which certain core policies will apply.

Basin A basin is designed to hold back storm runoff for a few hours and to allow the settlement of solids.

Commencement An instruction from the Secretary of State to the Local Planning Authority, requiring the authority to commence work Order on the preparation of its Local Development Framework and to replace its existing Unitary Development Plan.

Community Strategy Local Authorities are required by the Local Government Act 2000 to prepare these, with the aim of improving the social, environmental and economic well being of their areas. Through the Community Strategy, Authorities are expected to co-ordinate the actions of local public, private, voluntary and community sectors. Responsibility for producing Community Strategies may be passed to Local Strategic Partnerships, which include Local Authority representatives. The Enfield Strategic Partnership has produced a Community Strategy, called "Enfield's Future".

Conservation Areas Conservation areas vary in both size and character, ranging from small groups of buildings to town squares or even open spaces. They often include groups of Listed Buildings, but their primary aim is to protect an area's character.

Core Policy A short clear statement of the matters which the Local Planning Authority will take into account when it receives an application for planning permission. If the proposed development is not in line with the policy, then the Local Planning Authority is likely to refuse planning permission unless there are exceptional circumstances affecting the site which would make this particular development acceptable.

Core Strategy A Local Development Document setting out the long-term spatial vision and strategic objectives for the Local Planning Authority area. It will also include a spatial strategy, core policies and a monitoring and implementation framework for achieving them. The Core Strategy will have the status of a Development Plan Document.

Density Density is a measure of the intensity of development of a plot. Residential density is measured in habitable rooms per hectare (hrha).

Density Matrix The London Plan seeks to achieve appropriate residential densities across London through the application of the Density Matrix which prescribes an appropriate density based on public transport accessibility, the character setting of the site and the characteristics of the scheme.

Department of The Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) was formed early in 2006 to replace the Office Communities and of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) . Ruth Kelly was appointed as Secretary of State for Communities and Local Local Government Government on 5 May 2006. (DCLG)

Development Plan A document which sets out a Local Planning Authority’s policies and proposals for the development and other use of land and buildings within its area. As set out in Section 38(6) of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, an authority’s development plan consists of the relevant Regional Spatial Strategy (or the Spatial Development Strategy in London) and the Development Plan Documents contained within its Local Development Framework.

Development Plan Spatial planning documents that are subject to independent examination, and together with the relevant Regional Documents (DPDs) Spatial Strategy, will form the development plan for a Local Authority area for the purposes of the Act. They can include a Core Strategy, Site Schedule, and Area Action Plans (where needed). Other DPDs can be produced. They will all be shown geographically on a Proposals Map. Individual DPDs or parts of a document can be reviewed 22 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 6 Glossary

independently from other DPDs. Each authority must set out the programme for preparing its DPDs in the Local Development Scheme (LDS).

Energy Efficiency Most households can save a substantial amount on fuel bills by using energy in an efficient way, and can be warmer and healthier as a result.

The Enfield Strategic The Enfield Strategic Partnership (ESP) was set up to bring together all the major public sector organisations, Partnership (ESP) local businesses, community and voluntary groups, to make the borough the best place to live, work study and do business. The ESP is responsible for producing Enfield’s Community Strategy, called "Enfield's Future".

Further Alterations The Further Alterations to the London Plan will make changes to and introduce new strategic regional policies to the London Plan to the London Plan. These further alterations will undergo an Examination-in-Public (EiP) in June 2007.

Generic A suite of criteria-based policies which are required to ensure that all development within the areas meets the spatial Development vision and spatial objectives set out in the Core Strategy. They may be included in any Development Plan Document Control policies or may form a stand-alone document.

Greater London The Greater London Authority (GLA) is a London-wide strategic body, made up of the Mayor of London, the Authority (GLA) London Assembly and staff. The GLA has responsibility for producing regional strategic policy in a numbers of areas, including transport, economic development, planning, and the environment. The London Plan is produced by the GLA.

Gypsy and Traveller The term gypsy has a specific meaning for the purposes of planning and local authority law. When the word gypsy is used in relation to a planning or local authority obligation it means anyone - regardless of race or origin - who is of a nomadic habit of life and who travels around for economic reasons. 'Irish Travellers': who are a nomadic Irish ethnic group with a separate identity, culture, language and history. There are many Irish Travellers resident in the United Kingdom for all or part of the year. 'Scottish Travellers': like Irish Travellers have musical traditions, language and other histories that date back at least to the twelfth century. The Roma people who have moved to the United Kingdom from Central and Eastern Europe - of which UK Romany Gypsies are members. People with a long family history of travelling because they work with fairgrounds and circuses - also known as 'showmen' or 'showpeople'.

Housing Housing associations offer independent homes for rent run by Registered Social Landlords (RSLs). Associations

Housing The Housing Corporation is the statutory government agency that funds new affordable housing, and regulates Corporation Registered Social Landlords and Housing Associations in England.

Housing Demand The quantity of housing that households are willing and able to buy or rent.

House in Multiple Under the Housing Act 2004, a House in Multiple Occupation (HMO) is defined as: Occupation (HMO) An entire house or flat which is let to 3 or more tenants who form 2 or more households and who share a kitchen, bathroom or toilet. A house which has been converted entirely into bedsits or other non-self-contained accommodation and which is let to 3 or more tenants who form two or more households and who share kitchen, bathroom or toilet facilities. A converted house which contains one or more flats which are not wholly self contained (ie the flat does not contain within it a kitchen, bathroom and toilet) and which is occupied by 3 or more tenants who form two or more households. A building which is converted entirely into self-contained flats if the conversion did not meet the standards of the 1991 Building Regulations and more than one-third of the flats are let on short-term tenancies.

Housing Need The quantity of housing required for households who are unable to access suitable housing without financial assistance.

Intermediate Housing at prices and rents above those of social rented housing, but below market price or rents, and which meet Housing the criteria for affordable housing. These can include shared equity products (eg HomeBuy), other low cost homes for sale and intermediate rent. This definition of intermediate housing does not exclude homes provided by private sector bodies or provided without grant funding. Where such homes meet the definition of intermediate housing, they may be considered, for planning purposes, as affordable housing. Whereas, homes that do not meet this definition, for example, ‘low cost market’ housing, may not be considered, for planning purposes, as affordable housing.

Issues and Options Produced during the early production stage of the preparation of Development Plan Documents and may be issued for consultation to meet the requirements of Regulation 25. Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 23

Appendix 6 Glossary

Independent A formal hearing, presided over by an Inspector or a Panel of Inspectors appointed by the Secretary of State, to Examination consider the soundness of the Local Planning Authority’s Local Development Documents (which are also Development Plan Documents). This is also known as an Examination-in-Public (EiP).

Inspector’s Report A report issued by the Inspector or Panel who conducted the Independent Examination, setting out their conclusions on the matters raised at the Examination and detailing the amendments which they require the Local Planning Authority to make to the Local Development Document before it adopts the document. The Inspector’s Report is binding on the Local Planning Authority.

Listed Buildings When buildings are listed they are placed on statutory lists of buildings of 'special architectural or historic interest' compiled by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, on advice from English Heritage. Listing ensures that the architectural and historic interest of the building is carefully considered before any alterations, either outside or inside, are agreed.

Key Worker The Government’s definition of key workers includes those groups eligible for the Housing Corporation funded KeyWorker Living programme and others employed within the public sector (ie outside of this programme) identified by the Regional Housing Board for assistance.

Lifetime Homes Homes designed to meet the changing needs of the population from young children to the elderly, meeting the varying needs of numerous changes of occupiers in the same home. Lifetime Homes are designed to be accessible, adaptable and convenient, and can accommodate people with moderate mobility difficulties.

Local Development A document which forms part of the Local Development Framework and which can be adopted and revised as a Document single entity. It is the collective term for Development Plan Documents, Supplementary Planning Documents and the Statement of Community Involvement.

Local Development A “folder” of Local Development Documents, drawn up by the Local Planning Authority, which together with the Framework (LDF) relevant Regional Spatial Strategy, form the development plan for its area.

Local Development A document setting out the Local Planning Authority’s intentions for its Local Development Framework; in particular, Scheme (LDS) the Local Development Documents it intends to produce and the timetable for their production and review.

Local Planning The Local Planning Authority (LPA) is responsible for deciding whether a development - anything from an extension Authority (LPA) on a house to a new shopping centre - should go ahead. The LPA is also responsible for producing the Local Development Framework (LDF).

Local Strategic Partnerships of stakeholders who develop ways of involving local people in shaping the future of their neighbourhood Partnerships and how services are provided.They are often single non-statutory, multi-agency bodies which aim to bring together locally the public, private, community and voluntary sectors. The Enfield Strategic Partnership is responsible for producing Enfield’s Community Strategy.

London Plan Also known as the Spatial Development Strategy, this document was published by the Mayor of London in February 2004 and provides a strategic framework for the Boroughs’ Unitary Development Plans. It will now perform this function in respect of Local Development Frameworks. It has the status of a development plan under the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act. The Further Alterations to the London Plan will make changes to and introduce new strategic regional policies to the London Plan.

Mixed Use Development for a variety of activities on single sites or across wider areas such as town centres and redundant Development industrial land.

Market Housing Private housing for rent or for sale, where the price is set in the open market.

Office of the Deputy The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) was renamed the Department of Communities and Local Prime Minister Government (DCLG) in early 2007. (ODPM)

Opportunity Areas These are identified in the London Plan as areas for accommodating large scale development to provide substantial numbers of new employment and housing, with a mixed and intensive use of land and assisted by good public transport accessibility.

Planning Policy Previously known as Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPGs), these are issued by the Office of the Deputy Prime Statements Minister (ODPM) and set out the Government’s land use planning policies for England. The Government has recently reviewed all its existing guidance.

Preferred options Produced as part of the preparation of Development Plan Documents, and is issued for formal public participation. document

Proposals Map A Local Development Document (which is also a Development Plan Document) which comprises a map of the Local Planning Authority’s area, and shows:- Existing and revised designations of areas of land. 24 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 6 Glossary

Sites for particular future land uses or developments. Locations of proposed or actual area plans.

Public Transport The extent and ease of access by public transport, and the degree of access to the public transport network. Accessibility (PTAL)

Reasoned A summary of the Local Planning Authority’s reasons for including a particular core policy within the Core Strategy. Justification

Regional Spatial Sets out the region’s policies in relation to the development anduse of land and forms part of the development plan Strategy for Local Planning Authorities. In London this is known as the Spatial Development Strategy or London Plan, published by the Mayor of London in February 2004.

Registered Social Registered Social Landlords (RSLs) are independent housing organisations registered with the Housing Landlords (RSLs) Corporation under the Housing Act 1996. They may be Industrial and Provident Societies, registered charities or companies.

Residential Care Residential care homes provide personal care assistance to their residents, such as dressing and washing, where Homes staff can also care for residents during short periods of illness.

Saved policies or Existing adopted development plans are saved for three years fromthe date of commencement of the Act. Any plans policies in old style development plans adopted after commencement of the Act will become saved policies for three years from their adoption or approval. The Local Development Scheme should explain the Authority’s approach to saved policies.

Sheltered Housing Sheltered housing can offer a range of services to help people to live independently with the added security of having someone to call on in emergencies. Sheltered housing is different from other housing because a scheme manager or warden lives on the premises or nearby. Some schemes are designed specifically for people with disabilities and may have specialised facilities and specially trained staff to provide care.

Sites Schedule A Development Plan Document setting out the allocations of sites for specific or mixed uses or development.

Social Rented Rented housing owned and managed by local authorities and registered social landlords, for which guideline Housing target rents are determined through the national rent regime. It may also include rented housing owned or managed by other persons and provided under equivalent rental arrangements to the above, as agreed with the local authority or with the Housing Corporation as a condition of grant.

Statement of Sets out the standards which authorities will achieve with regard to involving local communities in the preparation Community of Local Development Documents and development control decisions. The Statement of Community Involvement Involvement (SCI) is not a Development Plan Document but is subject to independent examination.

Strategic A generic term used to describe environmental assessment as applied to policies, plans and programmes. The Environmental European ‘SEA Directive’(2001/42/EC) requires a formal ‘environmental assessment of certain plans and programmes, Assessment (SEA) including those in the field of planning and land use’.It is a tool for integrating environmental considerations into decision-making by ensuring that any significant environmental effects of the decision are taken into account. The SEA must form an integral part of the adoption process for Local Development Documents and must be taken into account right from the initial stages of plan preparation.

Subdivision Subdivision means the division of a lot, tract, or parcel of land into two or more lots.

Submission DPD A stage in the statutory process for the adoption of Local Development Documents which are also Development Plan Documents. The Local Planning Authority submits the draft DPD to the Secretary of State for independent examination.

Supplementary A Local Development Document providing supplementary information in respect of the policies in Development Planning Document Plan Documents. It does not form part of the Development Plan and is not subject to independent examination. (SPD) Instead the Local Planning Authority can approve the document by formal resolution of the Council, but it must be subjected to full public consultation if it is to be accorded any weight in decisions on development proposals.

Sustainability The examination of a Local Development Document to ascertain whether its policies and proposals reflect Appraisal (SA) sustainable development objectives (i.e. social, environmental and economic factors)

Sustainable These can be created as features within the landscaped areas of the site, or they can be incorporated into ornamental, Drainage Systems amenity and screen-planted areas where they would be looked after as part of the normal maintenance contract. (SUDS) techniques Swales and basins are often installed as part of a drainage network connecting to a pond or wetland, prior to discharge to a natural watercourse.

Sustainable Some of the key requirements of sustainable communities are: Communities A flourishing local economy to provide jobs and wealth; Strong leadership to respond positively to change; Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07) Enfield Council 25

Appendix 6 Glossary

Effective engagement and participation by local people, groups and businesses, especially in the planning, design and long-term stewardship of their community, and an active voluntary and community sector; A safe and healthy local environment with well-designed public and green space; Sufficient size, scale and density, and the right layout to support basic amenities in the neighbourhood and minimise use of resources (including land); Good public transport and other transport infrastructure both within the community and linking it to urban, rural and regional centres; Buildings – both individually and collectively – that can meet different needs over time, and that minimise the use of resources; A well-integrated mix of decent homes of different types and tenures to support a range of household sizes, ages and incomes; Good quality local public services, including education and training opportunities, health care and community facilities, especially for leisure; A diverse, vibrant and creative local culture, encouraging pride in the community and cohesion within it; A ”sense of place“; The right links with the wider regional, national and international community.

Swales Swales are grassed depressions which lead surface water overland from the drained surface to a storage or discharge system, typically using the green space of a roadside margin.

Unitary A type of development plan introduced in 1986 and replaced by Local Development Frameworks (LDFs) in the Development Plan Act. Enfield’s Unitary Development Plan (UDP) was adopted in March 1994. (UDP) 26 Enfield Council Core Strategy Issues and Options (Cabinet Sub Committee 27.03.07)

Appendix 6 Glossary