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Alaska Sea Otter Research Workshop : Addressing the Decline of the Southwestern Alaska Sea Otter Population / Edited by Daniela Maldini … [Et

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Alaska Sea Otter Research Workshop : Addressing the Decline of the Southwestern Alaska Sea Otter Population / Edited by Daniela Maldini … [Et Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging in Publication Data Alaska sea otter research workshop : addressing the decline of the Southwestern Alaska sea otter population / edited by Daniela Maldini … [et. al]. – Fairbanks : Alaska. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks 2004. p. : ill. ; cm. – (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fair- banks ; AK-SG-04-03) Includes bibliographical references and index. Notes: Held “5-7 April 2004, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska, USA.” 1. Sea otter—Population viability analysis—Alaska—Congresses. 2. Sea otter—Conservation—Alaska—Congresses. 3. Sea otter—Effect of predation on—Alaska—Congresses. 4. Sea otter—Geographical distribution—Congresses. 5. Sea otter—Alaska—Mortality—Congresses. 6. Sea otter—Alaska—Reproduction. 7. Sea otter—Effect of pollution on—Alaska—Congresses. 8. Sea otter—Diseas- es—Alaska—Congresses. 9. Sea otter—Predators of—Alaska—Congresses. 10. Sea otter—Research—Congresses. I. Title. II. Maldini, Daniela, 1963–. Series: Alaska Sea Grant College Program report ; AK-SG-04-03. QL737.C25 A43 2004 ISBN 1-56612-088-8 doi:10.4027/asorw.2004 Credits The Alaska SeaLife Center helped fund the publishing of this book through a grant received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Publisher is the Alaska Sea Grant College Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA National Sea Grant Office, grant NA16RG2321, project A/161-01; and by the University of Alaska Fairbanks with state funds. The University of Alaska is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and educational institution. Sea Grant is a unique partnership with public and private sectors combining research, education, and technology transfer for public service. This national net- work of universities meets changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. Alaska Sea Grant College Program University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 755040 ATMOSPH ND ER A IC IC A N D A M E I Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5040 C N I O S L T A R N A T O I I O Toll free (888) 789-0090 T N A N U (907) 474-6707 • fax (907) 474-6285 E S C D R E E P M A M RT CO http://www.uaf.edu/seagrant MENT OF ii Contents Workshop Agenda .......................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the Alaska Sea Otter Research Workshop Shannon Atkinson ........................................................................................ 5 The Ecology and Population Biology of Sea Otters: An Overview James A. Estes .............................................................................................. 7 Regional Overviews: The Status of Sea Otter Populations Research and Conservation of Sea Otters in California James A. Estes ............................................................................................ 10 Status of Sea Otter Populations in Southcentral and Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003 James Bodkin ............................................................................................. 12 Status of Sea Otter Populations: Southwestern Alaska Douglas Burn ............................................................................................. 14 Age-Sex Structure and Spatial Distribution of Sea Otter Beach-Cast Carcasses on Bering Island, Commander Islands Sergey Zagrebelny ..................................................................................... 16 Distribution and Number of Sea Otters in Kamchatka Victor Nikulin and Vladimir Vertyankin ..................................................... 18 Historical Trends in Sea Otter Populations of the Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka S.I. Kornev and S.M. Korneva ..................................................................... 21 Current Sea Otter Research Programs Alaska SeaLife Center Sea Otter Research Program Donald Calkins .......................................................................................... 24 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Otter Program Douglas Burn ............................................................................................. 28 iii Contents The Alaska Science Center’s Sea Otter Research Program James Bodkin ............................................................................................. 31 Methodologies in Sea Otter Research Recent Findings from Sea Otter Necropsies: California and Alaska Melissa Miller and Kathy Burek .................................................................. 33 Methods of Population Assessment: Northern Sea Otters in Alaska Angela Doroff ............................................................................................. 38 Sea Otter Mortality: Overview of Methodology Alexander Burdin and Donald Calkins ....................................................... 41 Are Killer Whales Responsible for Marine Mammal Declines in Alaska? A Russian Perspective Vladimir N. Burkanov ................................................................................ 43 Sea Otter Research Methods and Tools James Bodkin ............................................................................................. 47 Feeding Ecology of Sea Otters in Simpson Bay, Alaska Randall Davis, Andrea Gilkinson, Heidi Pearson, and Fred Weltz ........................................................................................... 50 Studying Sea Otter Foraging Ecology: A Review of Some Methodological Approaches M.T. Tinker, J.A. Estes, J.L. Bodkin, M.M. Staedler, and D.H. Monson ...................................................................................... 54 Population Demographics, Survival, and Reproduction: Alaska Sea Otter Research D.H. Monson, J.L. Bodkin, D.F. Doak, J.A. Estes, M.T. Tinker, and D.B. Siniff ......................................................................... 60 Literature Cited ............................................................................................. 66 Work Group Discussions Work Group 1: Vital Rates and Environmental Factors ......................... 71 Work Group 2: Mortality, Diseases, and Contaminants ........................ 74 iv Contents Work Group 3: Foraging Ecology ............................................................... 76 Work Group 4: Predation ............................................................................. 77 Work Group 5: Russia Sea Otter Program ................................................ 81 Summary of Recommendations ................................................................. 84 Speaker Biographies ..................................................................................... 86 Directory of Invited Researchers ............................................................... 95 Index ............................................................................................................... 98 v Alaska Sea Otter Research Workshop 1 Workshop Agenda Monday, 5 April 2004 09:00 Welcoming Remarks and Workshop Agenda: Priorities and goals (Shannon Atkinson) 09:15 Plenary Presentation: The Ecology and Population Biology of Sea Otters: An Overview (James Estes) Regional Overview: Status of Sea Otter Populations 10:00 Research and Conservation of Sea Otters in California (James Estes) 10:20 Status of Sea Otter Populations: Southeast and Southcentral Alaska (James Bodkin) 10:40 Status of Sea Otter Populations: Southwest Alaska (Douglas Burn) 11:00 Age-Sex Structure and Spatial Distribution of Sea Otter Beach-Cast Carcasses on Bering Island, Commander Islands (Sergey Zagrebelny) 11:20 Distribution and Number of Sea Otters in Kamchatka (Victor Nikulin) 11:40 Historical Trends in the Kuril Islands and South Kamchatka Sea Otter Populations (Sergey Kornev) An Overview of Existing Sea Otter Research Programs 13:00 Introduction to the Alaska SeaLife Center Sea Otter Program (Don Calkins) 13:20 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Otter Program (Douglas Burn) 13:40 U.S. Geological Survey Sea Otter Research Program (James Bodkin) Overview of Methodologies Used in Sea Otter Research 14:00 Recent Findings from Sea Otter Necropsies: California and Alaska (Melissa Miller) 14:20 Methods of Population Assessment: Northern Sea Otters in Alaska (Angela Doroff) 14:40 Sea Otter Mortality: Overview and Methodology (Alexander Burdin) 2 Workshop Agenda 15:15 Are Killer Whales Responsible for Marine Mammal Declines in Alaska? A Russian Perspective (Vladimir Burkanov) 15:35 Sea Otter Capture Techniques (James Bodkin) 15:55 Feeding Ecology of Sea Otters in Simpson Bay, Alaska (Randy Davis) 16:15 Studying Sea Otter Foraging Ecology: A Review of Some Method- ological Approaches (Timothy Tinker) 16:35 Population Demographics, Survival and Reproduction: Alaska Sea Otter Research (Daniel Monson) Tuesday, 6 April 2004 Priorities in Sea Otter Research to Address the Southwestern Alaska Sea Otter Decline The Goal: to determine the most important directions and priorities for two years of sea otter studies addressing the Southwestern Alaska sea otter decline Outcome: to create a list of the identified recommendations for (a), (b), (c), and (d) 09:30-12:00 Workshops a and b (a) Vital Rates and Environmental Factors (Moderator: Rosa Meehan) (b) Diseases and Contaminants (Moderator: Melissa Miller) 13:00-17:00 Workshops c and d (c) Food and Foraging (Moderator: Angela Doroff) (d) Predation (Moderator: Daniela Maldini) 17:00 General Discussion Wednesday, 7 April 2004 Given what we know about the decline in Alaska, what studies can we do in the Commander Islands that may help increase our understanding?
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