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Facts About Norrbotten Contents Norrbotten in Brief

Facts about Contents Norrbotten in brief ...... 2 Did you know? ...... 3 Geography ...... 4-9 Provincial symbols ...... 5 Distance chart ...... 7 ...... 10 Climate ...... 11 Visitors destinations ...... 12-13 Protected species ...... 14 Protected countryside ...... 15-17 Cultural heritage and culture ...... 18-21 Hunting and fi shing ...... 22 Predators ...... 23 Services ...... 24-25 Infrastructure and commuting ...... 26-31 Dwellings ...... 32 Education ...... 33-35 Population ...... 36-39 Work and business ...... 42-49 Unemployment and employment ...... 48-49 Regional economy ...... 50-53 Transports ...... 54-55 and forestry ...... 56-57 Energy ...... 58-59 ...... 60-63 Agriculture ...... 64-65 industry ...... 66-67 Integration ...... 68-69 Healthcare and medical care ...... 70 Life expectancy and sick leave rate ...... 72-73 Crime and security ...... 74 Politics ...... 76-79 Read more ...... 80

Production: Pantzare Information AB, Luleå Translation: ELEX, Cover photo: Tomas Ek, Cascade Creative Media

Copies printed: 5,000 Printing: GTC Luleå, June 2012 Preface

Norrbotten – a rich county

Norrbotten is the biggest and northernmost county in and the only Swedish county sharing a land border with two countries – and . Together with the vast natural resources, broad cultural spectrum and vivid contrasts, this gives the county a clearly-defi ned profi le. With this booklet of facts, we aim to present an up-to-date statistical picture of . There is informa- tion about the labour market and business, population, geography, nature, culture, communications, education and a number of other areas. There is also more information about Norrbotten on the websites we list at the end of the booklet.

Enjoy your reading! Administrative Board in Norrbotten County

1 Norrbotten in brief

The county is Sweden’s largest by area and represents about a quarter of Sweden’s total land area. Norrbotten is as big as and ten times bigger than the Swedish county of Skåne. A quarter of a million people, 2.6 per cent of Sweden’s population, live here in 14 municipalities. Most of them, about 170,000, live in the coastal area within a few dozen kilometres of Luleå, the county town. If the population

NORRBOTTEN IN BRIEF NORRBOTTEN density of Norrbotten County was equal to the EU average, 12 million people would be living here. Norrbotten is a county of contrasts - contrasts between winter dark and midnight sun, alpine areas and archipelago, sparseness and city life, and a diversity of cultures. The na- tional minority languages Finnish, Meänkieli and Sámi are spoken here. The Sámi parliament has its seat in . Norrbotten has the highest mountain in Sweden, at 2,107 m, and Sweden’s deepest lake, , 232 m deep. Norrbotten County came into being in 1810 and Norrbotten’s fi rst towns, Piteå and Luleå, were founded in 1621.

Photo:2 Kent Norberg DID YOU KNOWDID YOU Did you know?

… Facebook is building its fi rst three data centres outside the USA in Luleå? Start-up in April 2013. … Norrbotten County has the highest productivity reckoned as gross regional product per employee after County? … Norrbotten is Sweden’s prime investment county? On average, 6.2 billion SEK a year have been invested in Norrbotten in 2010 and 2011. That is roughly the equivalent of 25,000 SEK per inhabitant, which can be compared to Stockholm for example, which has invested 6.1 billion SEK per year or 3,000 SEK per inhabitant. … Norrbotten is Sweden’s sixth largest exporting county (42.6 billion SEK for 2011) and we have the highest value of exports per inhabitant in Sweden? … the number of exporting companies in Norrbotten County more than doubled between 2001 and 2011? In 2011 there were 848, the highest number in the region. … 90 per cent of Europe’s is extracted in the county? … mining operations in Kiruna and mean that large sections of those communities have to be relocated? This is attracting attention worldwide. … unemployment is falling in Norrbotten, while it is in- creasing in Sweden (April 2012 compared to April 2011)? Norrbotten has an overall total of 7.7 per cent unemployed while the average for Sweden is 6.3 per cent. … youth unemployment is falling more in Norrbotten County than in the rest of Sweden? … Northland Resources is planning to start shipments from a new iron ore mine in Pajala in 2013?

3 Provinces GEOGRAPHY

Kiruna

Gällivare Pajala

Jokkmokk Övertorneå Överkalix Boden Luleå Älvsbyn

Storuman Piteå Malå

Vilhelmina Province of Norrbotten Province of Åsele County boundary National border

Norrbotten County was formed in 1810 and now comprises 14 municipalities. The county encompasses the province of Norrbotten and a large part of the province of Lapland.

4 PROVINCIAL EMBLEMS Provincial emblems

Norrbotten Lapland Flower bramble Mountain avens Animal Siberian jay Arctic fox Fish Vendace Char Bird Whooper swan Blue throat Mineral Gabbro Apatite Fungus Conifer false morel Orange birch-bolete Insect Hairy ground beetle Colias hecla Moss Yellow collar moss Pohlia wahlenbergii Apple Malus x domestica ‘Silva’ Malus Rescue

Arctic bramble - Rubus Arcticus. Photo: Tomas Utsi

5 Norrbotten - The big county

Kiruna GEOGRAPHY

Arjeplog Haparanda LuLuleuuleleå

6 GEOGRAPHY Distance chart, main roads (km)

Arjeplog 2504

Haparanda 2144

Kiruna 2509

Luleå 2273

Gothenburg 2778

Malmö 2914

Stockholm 2314

Sundsvall 2493

- Archangelsk

Bodø 2790

Brussels 3824

Murmansk 2165

Paris 4113

Rome 4326

Rovaniemi 2166

Strasbourg 3744

Tromsø 2755

Oulu 2534

Bodø Brussels Murmansk 3035 431 1490 2507 2703 777 311 3289 Paris 2606 559 2720 797 3721 2905 1344 767 917 3392 Rome 4275 3588 - 2606 3824 577 - 2790 1762 1493 790 2165 1059 1935 1563 1185 700 950 1181 - 3289 1344 809 529 1348 1723 2331 2108 828 2891 3345 2458 485 3399 4108 1064 2464 2793 2579 3699 Strasbourg 487 1471 3012 644 586 2816 2504 1449 286 224 - 1471 4275 1490 3721 4326 777 1612 1946 2306 2693 3158 491 Tromsø 3012 690 998 260 483 132 - 3588 2931 2559 577 2703 3454 3699 3460 3788 3575 2567 331 2905 4113 - 767 2166 2891 797 Oulu - 1064 2816 2245 1872 1259 1491 487 3392 770 1146 1755 1531 431 2720 3477 2767 2774 3102 2888 3399 750 2046 1674 1061 1304 252 2569 340 2693 2575 2904 2690 - 3158 483 224 124 - 750 4108 3345 586 917 3035 559 2755 1181 1556 2165 1931 662 389 622 723 Arjeplog Haparanda 491 Kiruna 723 2569 132 3575 2888 3454 2767 1059 2458 622 2690 483 700 2579 Luleå 286 2504 124 644 2144 523 2778 644 1022 1629 1403 901 1508 1282 1491 2108 1181 1493 483 273 1449 1931 1304 2306 471 1531 719 128 389 244 Malmö - 2904 351 1282 411 260 828 2464 359 662 2575 1289 1617 1403 529 2273 340 Stockholm 3788 3460 2774 252 3102 1872 1723 1563 1185 2314 - 790 2793 359 - 2559 532 2914 1612 2165 1061 1946 1259 2331 1755 488 907 1514 1289 998 1556 1674 950 1762 1146 376 2509 986 612 Archangelsk - 690 1181 2046 858 1236 612 2493 2931 2245 1348 1935 - 1842 770 1617 471 1022 809 342 - 1508 1629 901 128 273 907 1236 244 1514 1842 342 - 376 986 719 - 530 351 644 858 411 523

7 Land cover in Norrbotten County, per cent GEOGRAPHY

County Sweden Land under forest 39 53 Bare rock and other land 20 12 Natural grassland, heathland, etc. 18 7 Mires 15 9 Built-up areas and associated land 1 3 Agricultural land 0.5 8 Water 7 9

More than half Sweden’s mountain area lies in Norrbotten County. The mountain range with exposed bedrock covers 20 per cent of the land area. Although Norrbotten County is thought of as a forest area, it is among the three counties with the smallest proportion of forested land. Norrbotten and Jämtland are the counties with least farmed acreage, at only one per cent of the land area.

8 GEOGRAPHY Norrbotten County

Number of inhabitants per km2 35.5 - 35.6 9.1 - 35.4 4.8 - 9.0 0.7 - 4.7 0.2 - 0.6

Population Municipality/ Land area as of Inhabitants region km2 2011-12-31 per km2 Arjeplog 12,557 3,114 0.2 Arvidsjaur 5,656 6,494 1.1 Boden 4,008 27,643 6.9 Gällivare 15,705 18,326 1.2 Haparanda 922 10,041 10.9 17,614 5,119 0.3 Kalix 1,808 16,591 9.2 Kiruna 19,140 22,967 1.2 Luleå 2,094 74,426 35.5 Pajala 7,840 6,270 0.8 Piteå 3,087 40,942 13.3 Älvsbyn 1,698 8,253 4.9 Överkalix 2,765 3,549 1.3 Övertorneå 2,362 4,810 2.0 County 97,257 248,545 2.6 Sweden 407,340 9,482,855 23.3 EU27 2011 58,940,552,687 502,477,005 117.3

9 23-24/5– 18-19/7

27-28/5 – 14-15/7

31/5-1/6 – 10-11/7

4-5/6 – 6-7/7 Arc tic Circle 8-9/6 – 2-3/7

12-13/6 – 28-29/6 20/6 – 21/6

Midnight sun In practically the whole of Norrbotten County the midnight sun is visible every summer. Midnight sun means it is pos- sible to see the centre of the sun when the sun is exactly in the north. At midsummer (21 June), it is possible to see the midnight sun even south of the , thanks to atmospheric refraction.

10 KLIMATCLIMATE Highest and lowest temperatures in the county

Highest Highest Lowest Lowest Station 2011 since 1901 2011 since 1901 Katterjokk 26.0 27.8 -29.1 -35.2 Nikkaluokta 28.5 28.5 -42.6 -49.4 30.0 32.0 -37.1 -43.0 Arjeplog 28.6 31.5 -31.6 -42.2 Haparanda 31.4 32.5 -32.7 -41.7 Luleå 30.0 32.2 -31.1 -41.0 Piteå 29.6 34.9 -31.5 -41.5

Norrbotten compared to Sweden

Mean annual temp. C Annual precipitation mm Norm value Norm value Station 2011 1961–90 2011 1961–90 Katterjokk 0.6 -1.7 930 844 Kiruna 0.8 -1.9 690 500 Arjeplog 1.8 -0.7 800 554 Luleå 3.8 1.6 752 506 Piteå 4.0 2.1 775 539 Stockholm 8.4 6.6 479 539 Gothenburg 9.3 7.7 1,032 758 Lund 9.0 7.9 771 666

Hours of sunshine Total Norm value Station June -11 Dec -09 2011 1961–90 Katterjokk 253 0 998 1,153 300 0 1,385 1,338 Kiruna 258 0 1,532 1,484 Luleå 388 2 2,007 1,771 Stockholm 327 36 2,072 1,821 Gothenburg 254 33 1,644 1,722 362 35 2,312 1,882

11 VISITOR DESTINATIONS VISITOR VISITOR DESTINATIONS VISITOR

12 VISITOR DESTINATIONS Visitor destinations in Norrbotten County 1. Three-nation marker – Sweden’s northernmost point. 2. with Naturum nature centre. 3. Lapporten beside Lake Torneträsk 4. in Jukkasjärvi - built from scratch every winter. 5. Laponia Nature and Heritage Reserve. 6. The Bifurcation in Tärendö. 7. Kengis Works – the northernmost ironworks in Europe. 8. Ájtte - Sweden’s mountain and Sámi museum. 9. The Arctic Circle – Road 95, Road 45, Road 97, the E10 and Road 99. 10. The Silver Museum - Sámi silver from the Middle Ages to the present day. 11. Lappstaden – the world’s biggest preserved Sámi church town. 12. Gallejaur – unique setting telling the history of the inland and Sámi areas. 13. Storforsen Rapids – Europe’s biggest free-fl owing rapids. Length 5000 m, drop 82 m. 14. Treehotel – a unique accommodation experience with tree rooms in modern designs amidst unspoiled nature. 15. – Europe’s biggest ring fortress. 16. – about 400 chalets and a mediaeval church. 17. Kamlungeforsen Rapids - . 18. Jokkfall Rapids - Kalix River, drop 9 m. 19. Kukkolaforsen Rapids – fi shery museum, mills, sawmill and fi shermens’ huts. 13 Protected plants and animals There are 300 species with protected status throughout the country. They are to be found among the vascular plants, lichens, mosses, fungi and insects. All batrachians (frogs) and reptiles are also protected. There is a list of species in Norrbotten County on the County Administrative Board website. PROTECTED SPECIES PROTECTED Protected and legally protected species Mammals and birds are covered by legislation and are protect- ed, except during hunting seasons where applicable. Many are also protected through the Species Protection Ordinance. Protected animals may not be captured, injured or killed. Nor may their eggs, spawn or nests be damaged or removed. Preventive hunting of normally protected species, such as large predators, may be permitted if they cause excessive damage.

Crown game

Certain of the protected species belong to the category Crown game. This means that they automatically fall to the state if found injured or dead. They should be handed over to the police who will forward the animal for treatment or to the Swedish Museum of National History. Among the species included in the category Crown game, the following occur regularly in Norrbotten County: bear, wolf, wolverine, , arctic fox, otter, osprey, honey buzzard, northern hawk owl, Eurasian eagle owl, snowy owl, great grey owl, , smew, common crane, European green woodpecker, lesser white-fronted goose, Caspian tern, eagles, falcons and harriers.

14 PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE Protected countryside in Norrbotten County

NationalNature park reserve World HeritageNational Laponia park MontaneWorld border Heritage Laponia Montane limit

Vadvetjåkka

Abisko

Stora Sjöfallet/ Stuor Muorkke Padjelanta/ Badjelánnda Sarek

Muddus/ Muttos

Pieljekaise

Haparanda Archipelago

Norrbotten has fantastically rich and varied countryside, which is a major asset for the county. About 25 per cent of the county’s area is protected national park or nature reserve. About 95 per cent of this is above the tree line for montane forest. Three per cent of the productive forest below the montane limit is protected.

15 Nature reserves In Norrbotten County there are 314 nature reserves. Here you can hike, pick berries and mushrooms, and see moun- tains, old-growth forests, mountain panoramas, wetlands and much more. In most nature reserves, hunting and fi shing are permitted, as well as snowmobiling.

National parks In Norrbotten County there are eight national parks. The largest are in the mountain areas. More than 90 per cent by

PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE PROTECTED area of Sweden’s national parks lies in Norrbotten County. Since 1996, four national parks have been grouped in the World Heritage Area Laponia.

Sarek in , 197,000 ha, designated in 1909. Well-known for its glaciers and alpine summits. There is an abundance of wildlife in the valleys. Part of Laponia.

Padjelanta/Badjelánnda in Jokkmokk Municipality, 198,400 ha, designated in 1962. Sweden’s biggest national park. Several Sámi settlements, including Stáloluokta on the shore of the beautiful lake Virihávrre. Rich fl ora. Part of Laponia.

Abisko in , 7,700 ha, designated in 1909. Among the main features: the view from Njullá Moun- tain, the Abiskueatnu (Abiskojåkka) Canyon, and the fl ora and birdlife in the area. The natural history centre Naturum in Abisko offers exhibitions, slide shows and guides.

Vadvetjåkka in Kiruna Municipality, 2,630 ha, designated in 1920. Sweden’s northernmost and most inaccessible national park. Known for the fl ora on the south face of Vádvecohkka mountain, the birdlife in the delta, and Sweden’s deepest karst caves. 16 PROTECTED COUNTRYSIDE

Muddus/Muttos in Jokkmokk and Gällivare Municipalities, 49,340 ha, designated in 1942. Here the visitor fi nds pristine forests and giant pines, waterfalls, wetlands teeming with birds, and ravines with unusual fl ora. Part of Laponia.

Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor Muorkke in Jokkmokk and Gällivare Municipalities, 127,800 ha, designated in 1909. Sights in- clude the summits and glaciers of the Áhkká massif, the Sámi settlements of Sáltoluokta and Bietsávrre, and the imposing Dievssavágge (Teusadalen) Valley. Part of Laponia.

Pieljekaise in , 15,340 ha, designated in 1909. Mountain birch forest rich in herbaceous plants and lakes. Beautiful view from Bieljijgájse.

Haparanda Archipelago in Haparanda Municipality, 6,000 ha, designated in 1995. Vast sand dunes, Kumpula fi shing village and an 18th century chapel, varied nature with an abundance of herbaceous plants and birds.

The World Heritage Site, 9,400 sq km. Designated by the UN organisation Unesco in 1996. There is a living Sámi culture and industry, as well as a number of national parks and nature reserves. Laponia is the only combined natural and cultural heritage area in the , and one of only four in the world representing an aboriginal people’s landscape.

17 Cultural heritage in Norrbotten County

The history of Norrbotten may be seen in the county’s va- ried cultural landscapes, in the archipelagos, along the river valleys, in the inland forests and in the imposing mountain ranges. Place names and communities tell of the county’s multicultural identity - of the Sámi, Finnish and Swedish cultural heritage. Hunters and fi shermen lived here as long ago as the Stone CULTURAL HERITAGE CULTURAL Age. The oldest dwelling sites are in Arjeplog and Pajala Municipalities. One cannot speak of a uniform construction tradition in Norrbotten. The barn is one characteristic building, and others include the Norrbotten homestead, the härbre, an upright wooden storehouse, the rökpörte, a chimneyless log cabin and the equally chimneyless smoke sauna. The Sámi goahti, a dome-shaped building, exists in different variants using peat, birch bark or timber. At the World Heritage Site at Gammelstad, visitors can see Sweden’s largest and best preserved church town, close to the mediaeval church. In Lappstaden in the town of Arvidsjaur there is a large collection of timber goahtis and storehouses at

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18 CULTURAL HERITAGE a short distance from the church. The county’s many church buildings include everything from archipelago chapels and church goahtis to impressive wooden churches like Kiruna church and small urban churches. Old fi shing camps in the archipelago bear witness to the historical importance of fi sh- ing and seal hunting. There are examples of Norrbotten’s industrial heritage in the traces of 17th century mining on the mountains Nasa- fjäll and Sjangeli, the fi rst ironworks, in Kengis near Pajala; up to today’s industrial plants in the state-owned mines, ironworks, power stations, bridges, station buildings and harbour facilities. The Orefi elds and the Ore Line feature many valuable industrial settings. Together with the Ore Harbour in Luleå, Power Station in Sweden’s power plant community, and Boden Fortress, they constitute Norrbotten’s techno- logical megasystem – one of Sweden’s twelve most signifi cant industrial monuments. The forestry and sawmill industries have also made their mark on the social historical landscape, most noticeably the mansions built by forestry magnates. Each town in Norrbotten has a character all its own. Boden is characterised by the military activities of a century. Haparanda retains the character of a town of wooden buildings, with the only intact 19th century trading house in northern Sweden, Piteå has its beautiful Town Hall Square. Kiruna’s unique settings both sprang out of, and are under threat from, the mining industry. Luleå has Sweden’s only offi cial residence built completely of wood. Luleå also has Svartöstaden, a well-preserved shanty town. Cultural environments of national interest 74 Historic buildings 35 Churches 68 Inventoried ancient remains 23,251 Heritage reserve 2

19 Municipality gross expenses in 2010. Culture.

Municipality/Region SEK per inhabitant CULTURE Jokkmokk 1,749 Arvidsjaur 1,600 Arjeplog 1,537 Luleå 1,455 Övertorneå 1,393 Haparanda 1,256 Piteå 1,252 Gällivare 1,229 Pajala 1,108 Kiruna 1,089 Kalix 891 Älvsbyn 718 Boden 717 Överkalix 654 Norrbotten County 1,189 Sweden 1,042

The costs of municipal cultural activities include fund- ing for libraries, museums, music and culture schools as well as fi nancial assistance for cultural societies and study organisations. Three-quarters of the municipalities in Norrbotten al- locate more funds per citizen for culture than the average in Sweden. The most generous municipality is Jokkmokk, with over 1,700 SEK per person.

20 CULTURE Culture

The activities of Norrbottensmusiken include Norrbotten Big Band, the modern music ensemble Norrbotten NEO and Piteå Kammaropera, as well as the youth band AYJO, the girls’ choir and Norrbotten’s Youth Symphonia. Luleå has Norrbotten Museum, Jokkmokk has the Sámi museum Ájtte and Arjeplog has the Silver Museum. Norrbottensteatern, which was founded in Luleå in 1967, is one of Sweden’s oldest regional theatre ensembles. The theatre cooperates closely with the School of Drama in Luleå, one of four drama schools in Sweden. The county also has the Sámi Theatre, Tornedalen Theatre, Teater Scratch and Lule Stassteater. Dans i Nord is a development and resource centre for dance. In 2007, Kulturens Hus in Luleå and Studio Acusticum in Piteå were both inaugurated - concert auditoria with world-class acoustics. Filmpool Nord is a regional company promoting fi lm. The annual festivals and music events in Norrbotten include Piteå Dansar och Ler, Luleåkalaset, the Kiruna Festival, Trolltagen, Musik i Piteå älvdal, The Haparanda/ Jazz Festival, Folkmusik i and the Mattei Festival. Jokkmokk Winter Fair, dating back over 400 years, is held the fi rst weekend in February. Piteå Summer Games is Sweden’s second largest youth football tournament.

Photo: Björn

21 Fishing

Norrbotten County has more angling waters than any other county in Sweden. There are more than 30,000 lakes, 200 km of coast and about 25,000 km of running water, of which about 2,500 km contains salmon. Today, Norrbotten’s rivers and streams produce 70-90 per cent of the total volume of salmon smolts in the Baltic Sea area. Above the cultivation limit, the Sámi fi sh in their tradi- HUNTING AND FISHING tional way, both for household needs and for sale. Angling in beautiful settings goes on alongside this and recreational fi shing is under development. Angling is done in the many beautiful settings, mainly for species such as lavaret, perch and vendace. In the coastal region there is a stable fi shing industry, whose most important product is the exclusive “Norrbotten caviar”, which comes from the vendace, a fi sh that is the provincial symbol of Norrbotten. Hunting

By far the most popular form of hunting is moose hunting. Ptarmigan hunting is also popular, not least among overseas visitors. Hare, fox, marten and deer hunting are Photo: Tomas Utsi mostly carried out in forested areas. Hunting for goose, duck and grey seal takes place along the coast and in the archipelagos. Other species that have been hunted in recent years include beaver and bear.

Felled moose 2011 Bulls Cows Total adult moose Calves Felled moose total 4,341 3,144 7,485 4,732 12,217 An annual total of around 80,000 moose are felled in Sweden. 22 PREDATORS The large predators in Norrbotten County

All four large species of predator - wolf, wolverine, lynx and bear - occur in the county. There is no permanent wolf popu- lation in the county, but single wolves occasionally occur. The county’s lynx population of about 200 individuals is mostly concentrated to the mountain areas, and to the eastern and southern parts of the county. Norrbotten County has more than 300 wolverines, which is the major part of Sweden’s wolverine population. There are an estimated 900 bears. Predators cause damage to reindeer stock. Therefore, pre- ventive hunting of bear and lynx is permitted. In the event of major problems, preventive hunting of all the species may be permitted. In addition, the state annually pays compensation for predator occurrence in Norrbotten County. The County Administrative Board is responsible together with the Sámi communities for inventorying the size and extent of the predator populations in the county. It is primarily females with young that are inventoried.

Female wolverines with young 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Norrbotten County 39 30 39 42 34 53 51 Sweden 61 45 64 76 47 81 73

Female lynx with offspring 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Norrbotten County 32 24 24 34 38 31 44 Sweden 115 105 100 145 153 102 277

Felled bears in Norrbotten County 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 10 15 20 24 25 46 21 55 72 72

23 Distance to nearest food shop in 2011

Percentage of population by distance Municipality/ less than 5 - more than SERVICES region 5 min 30 min 30 min Arjeplog 77 19 3 Arvidsjaur 79 18 3 Boden 81 19 0 Gällivare 84 15 1 Haparanda 83 17 0 Jokkmokk 78 19 3 Kalix 84 16 0 Kiruna 94 6 0 Luleå 90 10 0 Pajala 72 27 0 Piteå 91 9 0 Älvsbyn 79 21 0 Överkalix 53 47 1 Övertorneå 74 26 0 Norrbotten County 86 14 0 Region Norrland 85 16 0 97 3 0 Sweden 91 9 1

Photo: Per

24 SERVICES Gross costs 2010, SEK per inhabitant

Compre- Upper Elderly Labour structure, Labour Elderly etc. tion Upper Culture schemes disabled Compre- school Municipality/ Child school and secondary hensive Region care market Arjeplog Arvidsjaur 139,136 28,247 safeguards, 4,117 117,763 136,801 6,011 94,746 3,176 1,600 1,549 Boden Recrea- 25,010 5,936 5,743 Gällivare 1,537 105,163 22,382 105,248 23,271 Haparanda 2,533 6,501 89,333 4,820 99,369 1,233 1,229 1,733 SEK per pupil 6,368 88,745 91,596 21,699 841 9,194 6,773 Jokkmokk 2,517 1,256 717 2,408 2,461 4,019 5,119 Kalix 4,709 104,815 103,448 21,942 Kiruna 3,918 1,749 Luleå 120,051 20,026 5,993 95,601 1,444 1,350 6,254 98,804 98,378 21,446 Pajala 891 7,592 2,314 4,677 647 1,089 Piteå 1,210 7,458 88,768 96,333 16,560 5,168 1,639 1,455 Älvsbyn 2,395 4,950 5,104 116,153 117,909 Överkalix 101,465 16,894 30,052 121,853 24,103 6,775 96,234 1,340 6,952 89,785 1252 113,752 25,711 1,706 Övertorneå 776 6,146 97,459 6,596 1,393 4,601 3,794 106,092 132,184 1,927 820 28,781 5,174 718 113,094 23,294 1,108 1,733 Norrbotten 5,785 98,833 2,520 1,189 5,350 1,914 4,603 1,312 5,636 Sweden 4,206 654 2,170 102,914 18,169 6,617 91,184 1,449 1,042 1,366 6,146 4,046 Infra-

25 State-maintained roads, 2007-01-01

Length of roads, km Norrbotten County Sweden All roads 8,644 98,317 Of which Surfaced roads 5,660 65% 78,113 79% INFRASTRUCTURE

Communications

In Norrbotten County there are fi ve airports with scheduled fl ights: Luleå Airport, the fi fth busiest in Sweden, Arvidsjaur, Gällivare, Kiruna and Pajala. The highways E4, E10, E45 and the trunk road 95 traverse the county, with international links to Norway and Finland. The roads in Norrbotten are important also to link together this vast county. Nine per cent of Sweden’s road network is in Norrbotten County, a region where the rate of car ownership is among the highest in Sweden. The harbour in Luleå is Sweden’s leading bulk goods terminal. An effective icebreaker service enables the ports of Piteå and Luleå to remain open all year round for the intensive shipping. The Port of Kalix is open to shipping during the ice-free period, May-September. The county railway network, both in a north-south direc- tion and to Finland and further on eastwards is a vital link, both for goods traffi c and passenger traffi c. The Ore Railway between Luleå and in Northern Norway is one of the country’s most important goods routes. Half Sweden’s tonnage of railway freight is transported from Kiruna to Riksgränsen and on to Narvik in Norway.

26 INFRASTRUCTURE Traffi c fl ow, main roads

Vehicles per day (1000’s) 8,000 - 12,000 5,000 - 7,999 2,000 - 4,999 0 - 1,999

Airports

Airport, Departures 15-21 February 2012 passengers 2011 Destination Dep/wk Luleå Airport Stockholm/Arlanda 88 1,066,485 passengers Gothenburg 9 Pajala 22 Sundsvall 12 Umeå 10

Kiruna Airport, Stockholm/Arlanda 21 164,142 passengers Umeå 3

Lapland Airport, Gällivare, Stockholm/Arlanda 12 42,195 passengers Kramfors 11

Arvidsjaur Airport, Stockholm/Arlanda 16 49,320 passengers

Pajala Airport, Luleå 22 3,333 passengers

27 Travel by public transport 2010

Trips Inhabitants Trips/ County (1000s) (1000s) inh.

COMMUTING Stockholm 705,981 2,037 347 Västra Götaland 226,750 1,575 144 Skåne 144,027 1,237 116 28,400 334 85 Östergötland 26,183 428 61 7,928 153 52 Jönköping 16,191 336 48 13,253 277 48 Gävleborg 12,721 276 46 Jämtland 5,817 127 46 Värmland 12,424 273 45 13,518 298 45 Örebro 12,216 280 44 Västernorrland 10,126 243 42 Västerbotten 9,954 259 38 Kronoberg 7,005 184 38 Västmanland 9,286 252 37 Södermanland 9,263 270 34 Norrbotten 8,464 249 34 6,826 234 29 1,165 57 20 Sweden 1,287,498 9,378 137 Metropolitan areas 1,076,758 4,849 222 Region Norrland 54,914 1,339 41 Rest of Sweden 155,826 3,190 49

Surveys of travel patterns show that 32 per cent of work- related trips are undertaken by public transport. In many municipalities in rural areas, the proportion is less than 10 per cent. This also applies to the municipalities in Norrbotten.

28 Photo: Peter Rosén Work-commuting across municipal boundaries 2010

In- Out- Net commuting commuting commuting Municipality Women Men Women Men Women Men COMMUTING Piteå 553 1,020 1,331 2,327 -778 -1,307 Boden 641 1,298 1,723 2,197 -1,082 -899 Älvsbyn 195 295 257 685 -62 -390 Kalix 270 517 411 737 -141 -220 Pajala 83 114 102 388 -19 -274 Övertorneå 78 116 129 242 -51 -126 Haparanda 190 213 193 371 -3 -158 Arvidsjaur 137 272 121 339 16 -67 Jokkmokk 85 209 114 227 -29 -18 Överkalix 62 130 71 152 -9 -22 Arjeplog 74 195 60 156 14 39 Gällivare 272 690 211 362 61 328 Kiruna 282 902 251 299 31 603 Luleå 3,274 4,754 1,516 2,400 1,758 2,354

About 17,000 people in Norrbotten County travel from their home municipality to work in another municipality. Of these people, 4,000 travel to another county, mostly to Stockholm and Västerbotten. Boden, Kalix, Luleå, Piteå and Älvsbyn form a common labour market region. Main commuter fl ows are between the municipalities around Luleå, where about 60 per cent of the county’s population live. Historically, men have commuted both farther and more often than women, but the differences in commuting habits between the sexes are diminishing.

30 CARS IN USE Cars in use, end of 2011

Cars Municipality/ of which owned by: use per Region Cars women men fi rms 1,000 inh. Överkalix 2,191 594 944 653 616 Gällivare 11,039 3,010 6,192 1,837 603 Jokkmokk 3,019 811 1,293 915 591 Arjeplog 1,836 481 786 569 589 Älvsbyn 4,752 1,266 2,506 980 578 Arvidsjaur 3,734 980 1,778 976 573 Pajala 3,574 866 1,523 1,185 569 Kiruna 12,965 3,315 7,264 2,386 566 Piteå 22,976 6,472 12,387 4,117 562 Kalix 9,254 2,627 4,781 1,846 557 Övertorneå 2,667 621 1,255 791 554 Boden 14,750 4,076 7,970 2,704 534 Haparanda 5,264 1,588 2,790 886 524 Luleå 36,741 9,737 19,875 7,129 494 County 134,762 36,444 71,344 26,974 542 Sweden 4,401,352 1197,761 2244,933 958,658 464

Norrbotten County has more cars per capita than most other counties in Sweden. In 2011, 5,647 new cars were registered. The average age of the cars is presented every fi ve years. In 2010 it was over 12 years in Norrbotten County, compared to the national average of 9.6 years.

31 Property price index for permanent one-family houses, 1990=100 by county over time

300

DWELLINGS 250

200

150

100

50

1990

1998 2000 2004 2002 2006 2008 1992 1996 2011 1994 Norrbotten County Stockholm County Västerbotten County Sweden

Property market Homes are cheap to buy in Norrbotten County. In 2010, the average price of an owner-occupier fl at in Norrbotten County was 382,000 SEK, compared to the national average of 1,306,000 SEK. Price increases on permanent one-family houses in 1990-2011 amounted to 182 per cent in Norrbotten County and 167 per cent on average in Sweden. Price increases in Norrbotten County are the lowest in the country. Housing stock The housing stock in Norrbotten County is evenly distributed among one-family houses and fl ats in multi-dwelling proper- ties. The proportion of one-family houses is somewhat higher than the national average. However, there are big differences within the county. In the municipality of Pajala , 80 per cent of the housing comprises one-family houses.

32 EDUCATION The educational level of men and women aged 25-64 years, Norrbotten County, 2011

Women Men

Women Men County Nation County Nation Elementary/comprehensive 9.5 11.8 11.9 15.7 Upper secondary <2 years 30.3 23.9 36.9 27.0 Upper secondary 3 years 19.7 19.3 22.5 20.7 Tertiary education <3 years 14.7 15.4 12.7 14.4 Tertiary education >3 years 24.5 27.3 14.0 18.9 Research studies 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.4

More women than men have tertiary education, both in the county and in Sweden. In Norrbotten County, 40 per cent of the women and 28 per cent of the men have tertiary education.

33 Completed upper secondary school, 2007/2008 and begun tertiary education within 3 years (%)

Övertorneå Arjeplog EDUCATION Överkalix Jokkmokk Luleå Pajala Älvsbyn Kalix Piteå Kiruna Gällivare Haparanda Boden Arvidsjaur County Sweden 0 10203040506070% 47 per cent the women who completed upper secondary school studies in Norrbotten County in 2007 began tertiary education within three years, compared with 31 per cent of the men.

Photo:34 Karl William EDUCATION Luleå University of Technology

As a national seat of learning, Luleå University of Tech- nology (LTU) dates right back to 1971. LTU is today an internationally renowned research university, which defi nes important needs in close cooperation with business and the community. LTU is a world leader in its strong fi elds of research and innovation. The university today has more than 17,000 students, 1,600 employees, and an annual turnover of more than 1,500 million SEK, of which more than 800 million SEK are for research. Of all the seats of learning in Sweden, LTU has the greatest proportion of business-funded research. The University offers superior courses at all levels from basic to advanced and research level in engineering, econom- ics, social sciences, health sciences, music, media, pedagogy and the theatre. Together with the municipalities in the region, LTU offers tailored courses as part of its regional responsibility via the campuses in Skellefteå, Piteå and Kiruna. In parallel with this, LTU has Sweden’s broadest nationwide recruitment, defi ned by the number of students applying from all over Sweden. Research is carried out at the university in close coopera- tion with companies that include Shell, Ericsson, , LKAB, Airbus, Volvo Aero and IBM, and with international universities. LTU has been identifi ed by the government as a centre for the National Strategic Research Areas of green technology, mining engineering and metallurgy.

Students 17,000 Employees 1,600 Professors 180 Turnover 1,500 MSEK

35 Population structure, 2011

Women100- Men 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84

POPULATION 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 % 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 % Norrbotten County Sweden

Population as of 2011-12-31 and changes in 2011

Municipality/ Popu- In- Out- region lation Births Deaths migration migration Change Arjeplog 3,114 34 43 122 159 -47 Arvidsjaur 6,494 65 100 269 268 -35 Boden 27,643 251 304 1,435 1,217 172 Gällivare 18,326 164 219 645 684 -99 Haparanda 10,041 108 140 523 516 -18 Jokkmokk 5,119 39 69 221 241 -51 Kalix 16,591 129 223 522 574 -149 Kiruna 22,967 263 247 944 937 23 Luleå 74,426 785 652 3,626 3,511 248 Pajala 6,270 57 108 272 232 -12 Piteå 40,942 401 452 1,438 1,335 50 Älvsbyn 8,253 72 115 420 456 -82 Överkalix 3,549 23 63 134 157 -62 Övertorneå 4,810 37 67 268 240 -2 County 248,545 2,428 2,802 7,153 6,841 -64 Sweden 9,482,855 111,770 89,938 96,467 51,179 67,285

36 POPULATION Population by age group 2011 (%)

Municipality/ Age region 0-15 16-64 65- Norrbotten County has a Arjeplog 13.6 60.4 26.0 greater proportion of its Arvidsjaur 15.5 58.0 26.5 population in the age group Boden 16.2 62.1 21.7 65 and older than the aver- Gällivare 14.3 62.3 23.5 age for Sweden. The mu- Haparanda 16.2 60.6 23.2 nicipality with the smallest Jokkmokk 13.5 61.2 25.3 elderly proportion is Luleå Kalix 15.7 58.9 25.4 with 18.4 per cent. Kiruna 17.0 63.2 19.7 Luleå 16.4 65.2 18.4 The proportion of chil- Pajala 14.6 54.3 31.1 dren aged 0-15 is greatest in Piteå 16.9 62.6 20.5 Kiruna and Piteå municipali- Älvsbyn 16.4 59.3 24.4 ties and smallest in Överkalix Överkalix 12.4 56.4 31.2 Municipality. Övertorneå 14.8 57.8 27.4 County 16.1 62.3 21.6 Sweden 17.8 63.4 18.8

37 Population of Norrbotten County, 1968-2011

Change % 100 000 12

POPULATION 80 000

60 000 -41 40 000 -22 79 -24 20 000 290

0

2011

1968

1996 1992 1972 2000 2008 1976 2004 1980 1984 1988 0-15 yrs 25-39 yrs 65-79 yrs 16-24 yrs 40-64 yrs 80-- yrs

The population of Norrbotten County has decreased by approximately 11,000 since 1968. The age structure has changed, with a big increase in the number of elderly and a dramatic fall in the number of young people.

38 POPULATION Births/deaths ratio in Norrbotten County, 1969-2011

(births minus deaths) 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 -500

-1 000

1975 2000 2008 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995 2004 2011

Number of births per 1,000 of the population

13

12

11

10

9

8

1998 1999 2001 2006 2011 2002 2007 2003 2008

1997 2000 2004 2009 2010 2005

Norrbotten County Sweden EU27

The number of births per 1,000 in the population is smaller than for both Sweden and the EU.

39 Photo: Kent Norberg Kent Photo: Photo: Peter Rosén Peter Photo: Photo: Per Pettersson Per Photo:

Photo: Tomas Utsi Photo: Fredrik Broman Fredrik Photo: Photo: Tomas Utsi Tomas Photo: Photo: Per Pettersson Per Photo:

Photo: Tomas Utsi Business in Norrbotten

Production of raw materials may be the main driver of Norrbotten’s economy, but small and medium-sized enter- prises are assuming a role of ever greater importance. The planned start-up of three of Facebook’s own data

WORK/BUSINESS centres in Luleå has broadened and complemented the busi- ness sector in the county. The start-up has awoken global interest and opens up for more investment. The hospitality industry is a new core industry with international demand. As a brand and destination, Swedish Lapland paves the way for growth. The willingness of existing companies to invest has never been so high. Mining companies are investing billions in the county. New mines are being planned and opened, in among other places. The geographical location means that companies in Norrbotten have their customer base both in Sweden and Finland, as well as Norway and . Haparanda continues to expand, driven by the IKEA start-up. Swedish Haparanda and Finnish Tornio are gradually growing together. Energy production in the county is based on renewable energy in the form of hydropower, bio-energy and wind power. Polarbröd in Älvsbyn delivers frozen bread all over Sweden and also exports to European countries. Älvsbyhus is the largest manufacturer of prefabricated homes in the Nordic region.

42 WORK/BUSINESS

Polarica in Haparanda deals in berries and game meat for the European and world markets. Polaris Eyewear AB in Boden manufactures eyewear and has subsidiaries in England and Japan. Liko AB in Luleå is a world leader in patient lifts for the care sector. Luleå with Swerea MEFOS is northern Europe’s main metallurgical development centre. SSAB is one of the world’s leading producers of steel. Gestamp Hardtech supplies the European and North American automotive industries with collision protection components and Ferruform makes chas- sis components for trucks and buses. Research and skills development are creating new indus- tries in the county. At Luleå university’s School of Music in Piteå, the focus of the Acusticum Business Park is on music and media. The basis of Boden’s local economy has shifted from the public to the private sector. International space and environ- mental research is carried out in Kiruna.

© Northland 43 Main employers in the county 2011

Private LKAB mining 3,025 SSAB EMEA AB 1,275 Samhall AB 1,175 COOP Norrbotten 825 Boliden Mineral AB 625 WORK/BUSINESS Ferruform AB 625 Smurfi t Kappa Kraftliner Piteå AB 575 Gestamp Hardtech AB 525 TeliaSonera Sverige AB 525 Billerud Karlsborg AB 425 ISS Facility Services AB 375 SCA Packaging Munksund AB 325 Personal Care i Kiruna AB 275 Polarbröd AB 275 Swedish Space Corporation 275 Inre Kraft i Norr AB 275 Älvsbyhus AB 225

Public Norrbotten County Council 7,475 Luleå Municipality 6,725 Piteå Municipality 4,175 3,225 Swedish Armed Forces 2,675 Kiruna Municipality 2,075 Gällivare Municipality 2,075 1,625 Luleå University of Technology 1,425 Haparanda Municipality 1,275 Älvsbyn Municipality 1,275 Arvidsjaur Municipality 1,025 Pajala Municipality 975 Swedish Police 725 Övertorneå Municipality 575 Jokkmokk Municipality 525 Överkalix Municipality 525 Arjeplog Municipality 375

44 WORK/BUSINESS Workplaces in Norrbotten County 2011, by number of employees

County Sweden 0 73 70 1-9 21 23 10-49 55 Without employees 50- 11

Seven out of ten workplaces in Norrbotten County are sole proprietorships with no employees. A workplace is defi ned as each address, building or group of buildings where the enterprise has operations. Norrbotten County has over 33,000 workplaces.

Workplaces 2011 by sector, per cent

County Sweden Agriculture, forestry, fi shing 38.0 20.4 Mining, manufacturing, energy 5.4 5.2 Construction 6.7 8.0 Wholesale and retail trade 9.4 12.2 Hotels and restaurants 2.4 2.6 Transport and communications 3.1 2.7 Real estate, fi nance, insurance 17.0 25.4 Authorities, education, health and medical care 6.4 7.5 Other public and personal services 11.6 15.9

45 Gainfully employed by sector and gender, 2010

No. Per cent Sector Women Men Total County Sweden Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fi shing 555 2,568 3,123 2.7 1.8 Manufacturing, mining 2,691 13,310 16,001 13.9 13.5 WORK/BUSINESS Energy, water, waste 250 1,262 1,512 1.3 1.0 Construction 921 9,408 10,329 9.0 6.8 Trade 5,092 5,557 10,649 9.3 12.4 Transport and storage 1,028 5,061 6,089 5.3 5.1 Hotels and restaurants 2,166 1,275 3,441 3.0 3.2 Information and communication 970 1,676 2,646 2.3 3.8 Finance and insurance business 940 577 1,517 1.3 2.0 Property management 514 1,031 1,545 1.3 1.5 Business services 4,693 5,698 10,391 9.0 10.9 Civil authorities, defence, etc. 4,081 4,669 8,750 7.6 5.6 Education and research 9,084 2,981 12,065 10.5 10.5 Healthcare and social services 17,652 3,475 21,127 18.4 16.3 Personal and cultural services 2,525 1,921 4,446 3.9 4.3 Sector unknown 745 558 1,303 1.1 1.1 All sectors 53,907 61,027 114,934 100 100

46 WORK/BUSINESS Newly-started companies, 2010

No. New companies new per 1000* Region companies inhabitants Arjeplog 20 10.3 Arvidsjaur 22 5.2 Boden 158 9.2 Gällivare 85 7.0 Haparanda 56 9.0 Jokkmokk 42 11.9 Kalix 74 7.3 Kiruna 129 8.9 Luleå 405 8.0 Pajala 43 12.6 Piteå 237 8.7 Älvsbyn 48 11.1 Överkalix 20 9.2 Övertorneå 33 9.7 Norrbotten 1,372 8.5 Sweden 69,855 11.1

*) Population aged 16-64 years

47 Unemployed aged 18-64 years, annual mean 1995-2011 (%)

15

12

9

WORK/BUSINESS 6

3

0

2009 2005 2008 1997 2001 1996 2000 2004 2007 2011 1999 1995 1998 2002 2006 2010 2003 Women, Norrbotten County Men, Norrbotten County Women, Sweden Men, Sweden

Unemployed or in employment policy programmes

Unemployed or in programmes (%) 12.4 - 12.6 9.9 - 12.3 7.7 - 9.8 6.1 - 7.6 4.3 - 6.0

The average proportion of unemployed people together with those in employment policy programmes in 2011 was 7.7 per cent in Norrbotten County and in Sweden 6.3 per cent.

48 WORK/BUSINESS Proportion of population gainfully employed 2010, per cent

100- Women 95-99 Men 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 Gainfully employed Not gainfully employed

Aggregate earned income, average in 2010, thousands SEK

Municipality/region Women Men Total Kiruna 213.2 303.0 259.3 Gällivare 208.7 290.9 251.4 Luleå 204.7 262.8 234.0 Piteå 194.1 270.3 231.7 Boden 197.5 253.4 225.2 Kalix 194.0 244.1 219.5 Arvidsjaur 189.9 246.6 218.3 Jokkmokk 187.4 233.4 210.9 Arjeplog 188.9 230.5 210.4 Älvsbyn 176.7 242.6 210.0 Pajala 179.3 226.8 204.5 Överkalix 183.1 219.6 201.7 Övertorneå 180.0 206.7 194.1 Haparanda 180.6 206.6 193.9 Norrbotten County 198.2 260.4 229.6 Sweden 200.7 270.5 235.3 EU27 147.4 155.3 151.2

49 GRP 2009

The Gross Regional Product (GRP) is the regional equivalent of the national yardstick - Gross Na- tional Product (GNP). GRP is the aggregate value of all goods and services produced in REGIONAL ECONOMY a region in a given year. GRP shows how great production is, reckoned in SEK. The aver- age GRP for Sweden was 334,000 SEK per capita in 2009. This amount was given the index Index value 100. The in- Sweden = 100 dex for Norrbotten 143-143 County was 95, i.e. 93 -142 fi ve per cent lower 88 - 92 than the national 80 - 87 average. 72 - 79

GRP per employed person 2009, (in 1,000s SEK)

Goods producers

Service providers

Public sector

Total 0 300 600 County Sweden The county has the second highest productivity after Stock- holm County expressed as GRP per employee. 50 REGIONAL ECONOMY Investments in manufacturing 2010-2012

K SEK per inhabitant 25,100 - 25,199 9,700 - 25,099 5,700 - 9,699 3,600 - 5,699 1,000 - 3,599

In the years 2010-2012, industry annually invested an av- erage of 5,200 SEK per inhabitant in Sweden. The biggest industrial investments were in Norrbotten County, at 25,000 SEK per inhabitant.

Investments in manufacturing 1991-2012

Index 1991 = 100 600 500 Buildings, County Machinery, County 400 Buildings, Sweden Machinery, Sweden 300 200 100 0 1991 1995 2000 2005 Plans 2012

51 Export/import companies by trade territory in 2010

Export % 75 Sweden County

50 REGIONAL ECONOMY 25

0

EU merica Africa Far East Rest of Asia Rest of Europe South America

North and Central A

Import % 75 Sweden County

50

25

0

EU urope Africa Far East Scandinavia Rest of Asia Rest of E South America

North and Central America

52 REGIONAL ECONOMY Export/import companies, 2010 by turnover

Export Import

County Sweden Export Import Export Import -250 tSEK 64 71 51 59 250-999 tSEK 16 17 16 16 1-49 mSEK 17 11 27 22 >50 mSEK 3153

Norrbotten County has roughly 2,090 import companies and about 850 export companies. Most of the export and import companies in Norrbotten County trade with other EU States. The county has a smaller proportion of export companies trading within the Nordic region than the average for Sweden.

Value of exports, million SEK. 2011 County Value County Value Västra Götaland 242,015 Kalmar 31,969 Stockholm 206,738 Värmland 30,847 Skåne 105,481 Södermanland 28,573 Östergötland 47,188 Kronoberg 26,336 Jönköping 42,801 Västernorrland 25,819 Norrbotten 42,674 Uppsala 25,616 Västmanland 41,228 Blekinge 23,569 Örebro 39,829 Halland 20,215 Dalarna 38,898 Jämtland 3,014 Västerbotten 38,414 Gotland 667 Gävleborg 32,697 53 Shipping

Region Quantity of goods million tonnes Västra Götaland 43.2 Skåne 31.3 TRANSPORTS Norrbotten 10.4 Stockholm 9.8 Blekinge 8.7 Gävleborg 5.9 Södermanland 5.7 Västernorrland 5.5 Halland 4.2 Kalmar 3.9 Östergötland 3.6 Västerbotten 3.4 Västmanland 2.7 Värmland 1.3 Gotland 0.9 Uppsala 0.6 Sweden 141.1

31.3 - 43.3 8.7 - 31.2 5.5 - 8.6 2.6 - 5.4 0.5 - 2.5

To/from foreign ports To/from domestic ports

The harbours in Luleå and Piteå are open to shipping year- round, thanks to the national icebreaker service, which assists vessels all along the coast of northern Sweden during the winter. In terms of tonnage, the port of Luleå is among Sweden’s fi ve largest, largely thanks to its handling of raw materials for the mining and steel industries. Piteå is a shipping port for wood and paper. Both harbours handle petroleum product imports.

54 TRANSPORTS Goods transport by lorry, by destination in 2011

County Loaded goods million tons Västra Götaland 46.8 Skåne 36.7 Stockholm 28.8 Jönköping 22.6 Östergötland 17.8 Dalarna 17.5 Västerbotten 16.3 Kalmar 14.6 Örebro 13.1 Halland 12.5 Gävleborg 12.1 Västmanland 11.9 Värmland 11.0 Västernorrland 11.0 Norrbotten 9.8 Uppsala 9.5 Blekinge 8.9 Södermanland 8.8 Kronoberg 6.1 Jämtland 6.1 Gotland 3.2 Sweden 325.0

36.6 - 46.8 16.3 - 36.5 10.9 - 16.2 8.7 - 10.8 3.2 - 8.6

Within the county To other counties

55 Mining and steel industry MINING

Boliden AB’s Aitik mine in Gällivare is Europe’s biggest copper mine. LKAB’s two mines in Malmberget and Kiruna produce 90 per cent of Europe’s iron ore. Major investments are ongoing at all the mines and LKAB plans to open more mines. In Pajala, Northland Resources is planning to start shipments from a new iron ore mine in 2013. Ore trains operate around-the-clock, running from the mines in Kiruna and Malmberget to the harbours in Narvik and Luleå. Narvik Harbour is ice-free all year thanks to the Gulf Stream, and shipping operations go on at the same intensity all year round. LKAB has customers all over the world. SSAB, which has steel plants in Luleå and Oxelösund, is one of LKAB’s customers.

56 FORESTRY Forestry

Forestry is of major economic importance to the develop- ment of Norrbotten County. Almost 40 per cent of the county is forested. More than half is owned by different forestry companies. In all, the forestry industry employs around 4,000 people in the county. The county has three pulp and paper industries: Smurfi t Kappa Kraftliner AB and SCA Packaging Munksund AB, both in Piteå and Billerud Karlsborg AB in Kalix. The plants in Piteå, manufacture brown and bleached kraft liner. The plant in Kalix manufactures bleached sulphate pulp, sack paper and kraft sack paper. The county’s fi ve largest sawmills all produce more than 70,000 cu m sawn and processed wood products annually. They are located in Kalix, Luleå and Piteå.

Photo: Erland Segerstedt

57 Hydropower plants in Norrbotten County ENERGY

Hydropower, MW 450.0 - 940.0 265.0 - 449.9 90.0 - 264.9 20.0 - 89.9 0.8 - 19.9

Mean annual production GWh GWh 1 Ritsem 460 11 Letsi 2,000 2 Vietas 1,130 12 Porsi 1,160 3 Porjus 1,260 13 Laxede 950 4 Harsprånget 2,200 14 Vittjärv 230 5 Ligga 800 15 Boden 490 6 Messaure 1,930 16 Sikfors 185 7 Seitevare 790 17 Sädva 114 8 Parki 100 18 Rebnis 140 9 Randi 230 19 Bergnäs 28 10 Akkats 580 20 Slagnäs 28 58 ENERGY Energy

There are 20 hydropower plants in Norrbotten County producing over 18 TWh of electricity. That represents 13 per cent of Sweden’s total electricity production. The biggest power plants are on the two rivers Lilla Luleälv and Stora Luleälv. The county is self-suffi cient in electricity and half of the electricity produced here is transmitted to other parts of the country. Investments in wind power have increased signifi cantly in the county. In Piteå Municipality, major investments are being made in new plants which will produce approximately 12 TWh of electricity a year. The primary industries in the county are highly energy- intensive and their energy consumption is 75 per cent of Norrbotten’s total consumption. About 42 per cent of the supplied energy in the county comes from fossil fuels, while renewable fuels constitute 39 per cent of the total energy sup- ply. For 2009, energy consumption in the county amounted to around 28 TWh.

59 Tourism

Tourism is growing fast in the county. The number of guest

TOURISM nights is constantly increasing, and job creation is faster than in many industries. About 2,700 people are employed in the hospitality trade, and their numbers are expected to rise as increasing numbers of visitors wish to experience the exotic nature and culture of Norrbotten. It is easy to reach other destinations in the county by air and train. New exciting products are being developed. Treehotel in Harads on the River Lule, where you can spend the night up in the trees, as well as the already world-famous ICEHOTEL in Jukkasjärvi near Kiruna have visitors from all over the world. in Kiruna is establishing space tourism that gives individuals the future possibility to experience space. Norrbotten Archipelago, with hundreds of islands, can be visited in summer by taking one of the ferries. In winter, there are special ice roads for cars or long-distance skaters.

Photo:60 Peter Lundström, WDO - www.treehotel.se TOURISM The proportion of people gainfully employed in tourism-related industries in 2010, per cent

Haparanda Arjeplog Kiruna Jokkmokk Piteå Överkalix Gällivare Luleå Älvsbyn Arvidsjaur Pajala Övertorneå Boden Kalix County Sweden 0 5 10 15 20 % Women Men

Industries dependent on tourism include the retail trade, zoos and nature reserves, hotels and restaurants, museums and cultural monuments, funfairs, ski resorts, etc. More women than men are employed in the sector.

61 Overnight stays by type of facility 2011 TOURISM

County Sweden Hotel 48 53 Cabins ..0 6 Youth hostel 76 Campground 36 27 SoL* ..0 8 .. = Classifi ed data , *) Private cottages and apartments

Hotel guests per target group 2011

County Sweden Business travellers 54 52 Conference participants 612 Group travellers 98 Recreational travellers 31 28 62 TOURISM Guest nights 1991-2011 (1000’s)

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500 Overnight stays (1000s) 0 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011

During 2011 there were 2,066,000 overnight stays at hotels, cabins, youth hostels, campgrounds and private cottages and apartments in the county, which corresponds to four per cent of the overnight stays in Sweden. Nationality of overnight guests 1991-2011

1 800

1 500

1 200

900

600

300

0 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 Sweden Rest of Europe Scandinavia Non-European In Norrbotten County, seven out of ten overnight guests are Swedes. 63 Use of arable land in Norrbotten County, 2011

Fields in per cent Per cent of Hectares of the county national crop Ley and pasture 26,394 76.6 2.3 Grain 4,821 14.0 0.5 AGRICULTURE Fallow 1,127 3.3 0.7 Green fodder 650 1.9 1.6 Potatoes 581 1.7 2.9 Unspecifi ed arable land 543 1.6 5.5 Horticultural plants 190 0.6 1.2 Other types of plant 86 0.2 0.0 Energy forest 45 0.1 0.3 Total fi elds 34,437 100 1.3

Farm properties by size 2010, per cent

Arable Norrbotten County Sweden area. ha Number % Number % -5.0 397 28.4 15,386 21.6 5.1-20.0 570 40.8 26,951 37.9 20.1-50.0 218 15.6 14,093 19.8 50.1-100.0 137 9.8 8,205 11.5 100.1- 75 5.4 6,456 9.1 Total 1,397 100 71,091 100

There are about 1,350 farm properties in Norrbotten with an arable acreage of over 2 hectares. The trend is towards a decreasing number of farmers, while units and production are increasing. Of the county’s population, 2.7 per cent are employed in farming, forestry, hunting and fi shing.

64 AGRICULTURE

Dairy farming and meat production are important to the rural areas of the county. Most farming is in the coastal areas, while a fi fth is in inland areas and along the river valleys. The county is practically self-sufficient in milk and 20 per cent self-suffi cient in beef and pork. Vegetable grow- ing is another important industry, as is the cultivation of blackcurrants and strawberries. Norrbotten County has the second largest acreage of haymaking land in Sweden. The climate in Norrbotten provides good conditions for organic farming. Fertilisers are used sparingly and thanks to the cold climate the need for pesticides is small in comparison with other parts of Sweden and the EU.

65 Cearrus* in Norrbotten County

y

KÖNKÄMÄ

LAINIOVUOMA SAARIVUOMA

TA GAB LM NA A LAEV

REINDEER INDUSTRY AS

GIRJAS B ASTE CEARRU SIRGES SAT U TÄRENDÖ TA N JÄR JÅHKÅ TJERUSNA VI TU G ORPON AS J SKA TJ

P KORJU LUOKTA-M IELLDE GÄL IRTTI L Ä SERR IVARE NGESÅ AVAS JÄRVI SEMISJAUR I NJARG Ge mensa vinte - rb m LI et t E e H ITTÄJÄ SVAIPA S TÅKKE UDTJA KALIX VÄ STRA MASK KIKKEJ ÖS TR AU KIKKEJAUA AUR R E R MA USJAURE

Limit of cultivation !! !! !! Sámi boundary Odlingsgräns Municipal boundary !! !! !! Lappmarksgräns ConcessionaryKummungräns cearrus MountainKoncessionssamebyar cearrus ForestFjällsamebyar cearrus Skogssamebyar

*Cearru, (Sámi): A district or group of reindeer herding enterprises

66 REINDEER INDUSTRY

Reindeer herding is carried on in Norrbotten County in 32 cearrus. Within a cearru there are several reindeer enterprises consisting of one or more reindeer owners. The reindeer in- dustry is dependent on extensive foraging areas and therefore uses foraging land from Norway to the west to the to the east. Some of Norrbotten’s cearrus use foraging land in Väs- terbotten County. The cearrus move with their reindeer between different areas of land: year-round land and winter foraging land.

Maximum reindeer Per cent Area Cearrus quota of Sweden Jämtland County 12 44,700 17 Västerbotten County 7 54,700 20 Norrbotten County 32 179,600 63 Mountain cearrus 16 117,300 (45) Forest cearrus 8 31,100 (12) Concessionary cearrus* 8 14,700 (6) Sweden 51 262,500 100

*) the right to pursue reindeer herding is granted to persons by the County Administrative Board.

The maximum reindeer quota is the number of reindeer allowed in winter. The actual number of reindeer varies from year to year.

67 Unemployed persons born overseas aged 20-64 year, per cent

20

15 INTEGRATION 10

5

0

1997

2010 2004 2002 2000 1998 2007 2009 2005 2003 2001 1999

2006 2008

Number born overseas and long-term unemployed 20-64 year, per cent

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1997

2010 1998 2007 2009 2000 1999 2002 2001 2004 2003 2005

2006 2008 Norrbotten County, all overseas-born Norrbotten County, born in Sweden Sweden, born overseas Sweden, born in Sweden

The proportion visibly unemployed and long-term unem- ployed in the county is decreasing. The proportion is below the national average. Initiatives in starter jobs that focus on new arrivals /those born overseas and initiatives against alienation represent a factor that probably contributes to- wards this trend. 68 INTEGRATION Proportion of persons born overseas in the population

Municipality/ region 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Haparanda 39.9 39.8 39.4 39.2 39.3 39.5 39.7 39.8 Övertorneå 21.4 21.6 21.9 22.9 23.5 23.7 24.1 24.7 Pajala 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.4 11.6 11.7 11.9 11.8 Kalix 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.1 9.2 Kiruna 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.7 8.8 9.0 Arjeplog 5.8 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.3 8.1 8.4 8.9 Luleå 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.9 8.8 Jokkmokk 4.9 5.1 5.9 6.4 7.3 7.2 7.9 8.0 Överkalix 4.4 4.7 5.4 5.6 6.5 6.8 7.6 7.6 Boden 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 6.2 6.8 Gällivare 5.2 5.3 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.6 6.7 Älvsbyn 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.6 6.0 6.7 Arvidsjaur 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.0 Piteå 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 County 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.1 9.2 Sweden 12.2 12.4 12.9 13.4 13.8 14.3 15.2 15.1

Haparanda is the municipality in Sweden with the highest percentage of persons born overseas in the population, 40 per cent. Second is Botkyrka in Stockholm County, 38 per cent. The proportion of persons born overseas in Sweden is increasing. The same development can be seen in Norrbot- ten County. Of the 1,859 persons who migrated into Norrbotten County during 2009 the largest group by nationality was from Africa, 27 per cent. The second largest group was , 11 per cent. In 2009, 839 people emigrated from Norrbotten County. Of these, 426 were Swedish citizens and 234 Finnish citizens. 69 Healthcare and medical care

The county has fi ve hospitals: the County Hospital at Sun- derby, Gällivare Hospital, Kalix Hospital, Kiruna Hospital and Piteå Älvdal Hospital. There are also 32 health centres

HEALTHCARE HEALTHCARE with GPs, district nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, paediatric care etc. The health centres are geo- graphically located with at least one health centre in each municipality.

Kiruna

Gällivare Pajala

Över- Över- torneå Jokkmokk kalix

Arjeplog Kalix Haparanda Boden Älvsbyn Sunderby sjukhus Arvidsjaur Luleå Piteå County hospital Hospital

70 Photo: Erland Segerstedt Life expectancy, 2007-2011

Women Men LIFE EXPECTANCY

Life expectancy, years Life expectancy,g years 83.9 - 84.3 80.2 - 80.4 83.4 - 83.8 79.6 - 80.1 83.2 - 83.3 79.2 - 79.6 82.7 - 83.1 78.7 - 79.1 82.4 - 82.8 78.1 - 78.7

In Norrbotten County the life expectancy for men is 78.2 years and for women 82.8 years. This is slightly lower than the national average of 79.4 and 83.4 years respectively. Men’s life expectancy is highest in Luleå Municipality at 79.5 years and lowest in Pajala at 75.1 years. The highest and lowest life expectancy among women in the county are found in the municipalities Luleå and Arvidsjaur, 83.9 years and 80.1 years respectively.

72 SICK LEAVE RATE Sick leave rate 2011

WomenKvinnor 11.0 - 11.1 10.4 - 10.9 9.2 - 10.3 7.4 - 9.1 4.6 - 7.3

MänMen 7.4 - 8.2 6.1 - 7.3 5.2 - 6.0 3.8 - 5.1 2.9 - 3.7

The sick leave rate in Norrbotten County was slightly higher than the national average in 2011. The county’s population aged 16-64 received sick pay from social insurance an average of 7 days, while the national average was 6.8 days. The sick leave rate refers to the number of paid days of sickness benefi t, occupational injury sickness benefi t and rehabilitation benefi t from social insurance. The sick leave rate does not include days with sick pay from an employer.

73 Reported crimes by type 2011

Reported crimes Per 1,000 inh. Type of crime Norrbotten County County Sweden Theft, robbery etc. 10,249 41.2 57.8 Offences against liberty

CRIME/SECURITY and peace 2,800 11.3 13.0 Offences causing damage 2,657 10.7 17.7 Crimes against life and health 2,230 9.0 10.0 Narcotics offences 2,035 8.2 9.5 Traffi c offences 1,888 7.6 8.2 Fraud and other misrepresentation 1,546 6.2 12.2 Offences against the state 775 3.1 3.8 Sex crimes 402 1.6 1.8 Offences against the public 337 1.4 2.0 Crimes against family 36 0.1 0.2 Other criminal offences 1,514 6.1 10.1 All crimes 26,781 107.7 149.9

Norrbotten is one of the safest counties in Sweden. At the end of 2011, the crime rate was second-lowest in the country. In a survey conducted among people living in Norrbotten, 90 per cent of those asked said that they feel secure in their everyday lives. The police force operates all over the county and works to plans based on expertise, experience and intelligence- gathering regarding events and conditions in Norrbotten. The police have set up crime prevention committees in all the municipalities and work proactively with the local councils to reduce criminality and increase security in the whole county.

74 Photo: Elisabeth Hammami Results of the 2010 General Election

County Sweden

POLITICS Party % Seats % Seats The Conservative Party (M) 16.4 2 30.1 107 The (C) 4.6 0 6.6 23 The Liberal Party (FP) 4.3 0 7.1 24 The Christian Democrats (KD) 3.3 0 5.6 19 The Social Democratic Party (S) 51.9 6 30.7 112 The Left-wing Party (V) 9.3 1 5.6 19 The (MP) 5.3 0 7.3 25 The (SD) 3.8 0 5.7 20 Other parties 1.1 0 1.4 0

Representation in the Norrbotten County Council after the 2010 election

Party Men Women Total The Conservative Party (M) 2 7 9 The Centre Party (C) 4 4 The Liberal Party (FP) 1 2 3 The Christian Democrats (KD) 0 The Social Democratic Party (S) 16 17 33 The Left-wing Party (V) 2 4 6 The Green Party (MP) 2 1 3 Norrbotten Medical Care Party 3 10 13 All parties 26 45 71

Turnout at elections 1999-2010, per cent

EU15Riksdag Parlt EU15 EU25 RiksdagSámip Parlt EU25 EU27 Sámip EU27Parlt 1999 1998 20021999 2004 20022004 20062004 20092006 2009 20102009 LänetCounty 35.5 82 80.735,5 36.2 80,7 81.836,2 40.4 81,8 84.940,4 SverigeSweden 38.881 80.138,8 37.9 80,162.9 81.937,9 45.5 81,959.2 84.645,5 EUEU27 49.5 — 49,5 45.4 — 45,4 43.0 — 43

76 POLITICS Seats in the municipal councils after the 2010 election

Municipality M C FP KD S V MP SD Others Total Arjeplog 5 4 17 4 1 31 Arvidsjaur 2 8 1 15 4 1 31 Boden 16 1 1 1 21 5 1 1 2 49 Gällivare 7 21 7 1 1 4 41 Haparanda 6 4 1 21 3 35 Jokkmokk 1 1 2 15 4 3 5 31 Kalix 6 3 1 20 2 7 2 41 Kiruna 4 8 1 1 16 6 1 8 45 Luleå 9 3 3 2 32 4 4 4 61 Pajala 2 1 3 18 7 2 33 Piteå 6 3 2 2 30 5 2 1 51 Älvsbyn 7 3 1 13 6 1 31 Överkalix 1 5 1 18 5 1 31 Övertorneå 1 6 1 16 4 3 31

Results of the Sámi parliament election, 2009

Party No votes Per cent Seats Jakt- och Fiskesamerna 1,069 23.2 7 Sámiid Riikkabellodat Samelandspartiet 908 19.7 6 Samerna 646 14.0 5 Guovssonásti 625 13.5 4 Min Geaidnu Mijá Gäjnno Mijjen Geajnoe 496 10.7 3 Vuovdega-Skogssamerna 450 9.8 3 Landspartiet Svenska Samer 244 5.3 2 Albmut - Almetjh - Almasj - Folket 117 2.5 1 Solidaritet 62 1.3 0

77 Gender distribution in municipal councils

POLITICS Sweden County Haparanda Arjeplog Piteå Gällivare Kalix Luleå Arvidsjaur Pajala Kiruna Jokkmokk Älvsbyn Överkalix Övertorneå Boden 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Women Men

In one of the 14 municipalities in Norrbotten County, the proportion of women in the municipal assembly has been lower than 40 per cent since the 2010 election. The most equal distribution is in Arjeplog, Gällivare, Kalix and Piteå council assemblies. The greatest increase in the number of female representatives compared to the preceding election was in Arvidsjaur, from 9 to 14 women. The greatest drop in the number of women in the council assembly in relation to the preceding election is reported for Boden (-3), Jokkmokk (-3) and Pajala (-3).

78 POLITICS Gender distribution in municipal executives after the 2010 General Election

County Arjeplog Piteå Kalix Överkalix Jokkmokk Kiruna Luleå Älvsbyn Gällivare Haparanda Pajala Övertorneå Boden Arvidsjaur 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Women Men

Gender distribution, municipal chairmanship 2011

County

Kalix Luleå Haparanda Gällivare Arjeplog Övertorneå Piteå Arvidsjaur Kiruna Överkalix Boden Pajala Älvsbyn Jokkmokk 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Women Men

79 More about Norrbotten County

Statistics about the county www.regionfakta.com

About the hospitality industry in the county. www.swedishlapland.se

County Administrative Board in Norrbotten County www.lansstyrelsen.se/norrbotten www.norrbotten.se

80 Sources: County Administrative Board of Norrbotten Eurostat Growth Analysis Luleå University of Technology Norrbotten County Council Ports of Sweden SCB Statistics Sweden SMHI, the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute The Social Insurance Agency Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth The Swedish Employment Agency Swedish Police, Norrbotten County The Swedish Trade Council Swedish Transport Agency Transport Analysis

Distance chart - Google Maps, maps.google.se Guide Michelin, www.viamichelin.com

County Administrative Board of Norrbotten SE-971 86 Luleå

Telephone: +46 920 960 00 E-mail address: [email protected] www.lansstyrelsen.se/norrbotten County Administrative Board of Norrbotten

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