DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVERSITY of Hl".Wai'1 LIBRARY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIVERSITY of Hl UNIVERSITY OF Hl".wAI'1 LIBRARY MARSHALLESE NAVIGATION AND VOYAGING: RE-LEARNING AND REVIVING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE OCEAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DMSION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAW AI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANTHROPOLOGY MAY 2008 By Joseph Howard Genz Dissertation Committee: Ben Finney, Chairperson Geoffi"ey White Nina Etkin David Hanlon Mark Merrifield We certify that we have read this dissertation and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology DISSERTATION COMMITTEE Chairperson ii © Copyright (2008) By Joseph H. Genz iii DEDICATION Na Ii aje bok in ilo ememej Kilon Takiah im Alton AlbiolJS, /aJlap ro jema im rejiton boro ippa, riikake ro im ewor kea ippaer. I dedicate the dissertation to the memory ofKiIon Takiah and Alton Albious, my adopted Marshallese fathers who were also my thoughtful teachers and caring friends. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The dissertation is part of a collaborative project among University of Haw ai' i­ Manoa (UHM) anthropologists and oceanographers and Marshallese canoe builders, sailors and navigators. 1 would like to first acknowledge Captain Korent Joel, as the entire project centered on his efforts to re-learn and revive navigation and voyaging. Captain Korent had the audacity to envision Marshallese mariners once again sailing their traditional outrigger voyaging canoes and navigating with their indigenous knowledge of the ocean. The initiation of this cultural revitalization required Captain Korent's technical navigational knowledge, considerable sea experience, respected reputation within the maritime community, and motivation to re-learn navigation from his elders. These few remaining stewards of navigational knowledge shared their precious knowledge for the benefit of future generations. They were, in order of their participation, lsao Eknilang, Alton Albious (deceased), Anno Aisaia, Willie Mwekto, Francis Livai, Thomas Bokin, Lijohn Eknllang and Mejon River. 1 am grateful to Iroij/ap/ap (high chief) lmata Kabua. Iroij (chief) Mike Kabua and the Council of Iroij for granting these cultural experts permission to share their knowledge. The local canoe building revival project Waan Ae/oii in Maje/ (WAM; Canoes of the Marshall Islands) played a fundamental role in making Captain Korent's vision a reality. 1 want to thank Dennis Alessio and Alson Kelen for inviting Ben Finney and me to assist in their navigation and voyaging revitalization project, and for their support and encouragement. Dennis introduced me to his adopted Marshallese father, master canoe builder Kilon Takiah, who then became my Marshallese father, teacher and friend. Alson v worked as my local counterpart, helping me to understand local knowledge protocols, gain permission to conduct research, establish rapport with the consultants, transcribe and translate the Marshallese language, and organize the research. I am also indebted to JiII Luciano and Rachel MiIler for their assistance in managing the various grants. WAM also provided my wife and I the most idyllic bungalow on Majuro. I would like to thank the entire WAM family of administrators, trainers and trainees for their kindness, support and friendship. Learning the Marshallese language was essential for my research. I would like to thank UHM linguist Byron Bender for his patience in working with me for several years in Hawai'i prior to my fieldwork. I am also grateful for Lagi John's intensive language lessons in Wahiawa and Monica LaBriola's patience during our weekly language lessons at UHM. With the help of my host family on the atoll of Ailuk, I worked through Peter Rudiak-Gould's Practical MarshoJlese several times, which vastly improved my ability to speak and understand the Marshallese language. I would also like to thank Alfred Capelle for translating the Protection of Human Subjects form and Tom Lundstrom at the College ofthe Marshall Islands for providing me with a template of the Marshallese font /kii1JlOO1'l karprpoolol ri-Ailuk ro kiin aer kar karuwaineneik eo nan iineo iineer im ikii1JlOO1'l karprpoolol baarple eo aO kiin aer karuwaineneik eo nan TflWeo iTflWeer, kiijparok eo im kotakin eo kajin rpqjeJ im rpanit in rpajeJ. I would like to thank the people of Ailuk for welcoming me to their atoll. I would also like to thank my host family for inviting me to their home, taking care of me, teaching me the Marshallese language and introducing me to the Marshallese culture. I am forever indebted to my host father Kilon Takiah and his family for their endless patience, kindness and love. Kilon shared with me his vi family's treasured stories and legends, as well as his knowledge of canoe building and sailing. His family - Kanji, Alimi, Russell, Kajima, Kwatma, Tembo, Tem, Bejun, Rosinda, Panto and Jennifer - welcomed me as one of their own. The members of my committee have been instrumental in helping me develop, implement and write about this research project. The idea of combining voyaging research with cultural revival as a dissertation project came from Ben Finney. As my mentor, Ben has guided me through my graduate studies. I feel honored that he has invited me many times to his home to discuss my progress and has shared his office with me so that I could write the dissertation. Ben also visited me for a month in the Marshall Islands when I faced difficulties in initiating the voyaging project. I am very grateful for his unwavering support and helpful insights during this challenging, complicated and interesting project. In several ways, Geoffrey White has been a second advisor to me. Geoff motivated me to explore the cognitive dimensions of navigation and to develop a strong research design. Geoff took the time to read numerous drafts of my research proposals and the dissertation. Although I often entered Geoff's office frustrated and uncertain. I always left with a renewed sense of purpose and restored confidence. When Ben and I began searching for oceanographers interested in investigating the physical basis of wave patterns in Marshallese navigation, Mark Merrifield's enthusiasm immediately captured our attention. Mark has provided a depth of oceanographic knowledge to the problem of navigation, while contributing to every aspect ofthe research, including grant writing and obtaining funds, conducting fieldwork, and providing support for conferences. During one particularly memorable day of gathering wave information near the end of my fieldwork, I returned home with a lack of data due vii to faulty equipment. Distressed, with only a few weeks of fieldwork left, I called Mark in Hawai'i. His reassurance on the phone to commit additional equipment and personnel on a moment's notice exemplified his commitment to the project. The finaI version of the dissertation is strongly influenced by Nina Etkin and David Hanlon. Nina challenged me to make the dissertation more rigorous by explaining my theoretical framework and articulating the research design. The dissertation also reflects my growing sensitivity to issues of representation, reflexivity and historical expression. I am grateful to David Hanlon for engaging me in these and other ideas during his extremely memorable classes on ethnographic history and history in Micronesia. I would like to acknowledge Russell Bernard, Jeffiey Johnson and Susan Weller of the National Science Foundation Summer Institute for Research Design in Cultural Anthropology for their assistance in developing a strong research design. Their insightful comments on my research proposal led to financial support from several funding agencies. This paper is funded in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project #RlEP-27, which is sponsored by the University ofHawai'i Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA050AR4l71 048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views ofNOAA or any of its subagencies. UNIHI­ SEAGRANT-XD-06-01. This project is also funded in part by a Dissertation Improvement Grant (No. 514594) from the National Science Foundation, an Individual Research Grant (No. 7282) from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc., and a grant from Mobil Oil Micronesia. viii The project also benefited from the generosity of several Marshallese organizations and individuals. The Rongelap Atoll Local Government provided accommodations on Rongelap. The Bikini Atoll Local Government and the Marshall Islands Marine Resource Authority donated the use of several motorboats to conduct oceanographic wave studies. The Marshall Islands Fisheries and Nautical Training Center provided a classroom for daily instruction with the consultants. The Marshall Islands Environmental Protection Agency shared several satellite images. The Alele Museum made available an audio and video archive oflegends and stories. In particular, I would like to thank James Matayoshi, Eldon Note, Joel Clinton, Caleb McClennan, Clary Makroro and Terry Mote for their support and assistance. I would also like to thank Richard and Chris Barrie aboard Windswept and Eric Nystrom and Priam Kanealii aboard Mali for the generous use of their vessels. Without their assistance, the project would have lacked a practical sea component. I would further like to thank Christian Lehman for arranging my visit to Namu. I would like to thank UHM oceanographers Jerome Aucan and Oliver Vetter for their technical assistance in the Marshall Islands and Hawai'i. In particular, Jerome was instrumental in interpreting the wave data and developing the wave models. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40 Year Re-analysis data (ERA-40) used in this study have been obtained from the ECMWF Data Server. For their encouragement and advice in the Marshall Islands, I would like to thank Julie Kroeker, Leona Valdez, Keka Kealoha, Irene Taafaki, Carmen Petrosian-Husa, Frank Thomas, Steve Why, Martin Schneider, Michael Graves, Karen Earsnshaw and members ofthe Mieco Beach Yacht Club.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traditional Leadership in the Constitution of the Marshall Islands
    TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS by C. J. LYNCH Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Joe Lynch is a consultant on legislation and constitutional drafting whose long experience in the Pacific encompasses island areas in Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Robert C. Kiste, Director Pacific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (With Comparative Notes) C. J. Lynch 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Introductory 1 Part I. THE COUNCIL OF IROIJ l. The precursors 3 2. Functions of the Council 4 (a) General 4 (b) Relations with the Nitijela 6 ( c) The Council in action 9 3. Composition of the Council 10 4. Procedures of the Council 13 5. Miscellaneous matters 14 6. Comparisons 16 (a) Palau 16 (b) The Federated States of Micronesia 17 (c) Yap 18 (d) Vanuatu 21 (e) Western Samoa 22 (f) The Cook Islands 22 (g) Comment 24 Part II. THE TRADITIONAL RIGHTS COURT 7. The Traditional Rights Court and the judicial system 27 ADDENDUM: Two problems of interpretation 8. Comparisons and comment 34 Part III. CONCLUSION 9. General comments 35 10. Is a traditional input desirable? 37 APPENDIX 42 NOTES 43 iii PREFACE It hardly needs to be said that this paper is written by a lawyer and from a lawyer's point of view. This fact, however , necessarily means that it is selective, firstly in the aspects of its subject that are considered and secondly in the detail (especially on non-legal aspects) into which it goes.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Army Garrison- Kwajalein Atoll Information Handbook
    United States Army Garrison- Kwajalein Atoll Information Handbook Produced by DYNCORP INTERNATIONAL LLC Last updated: 4 September 2019 U.S. ARMY GARRISON KWAJALEIN ATOLL/ REAGAN TEST SITE U.S. ARMY INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT COMMAND KWAJALEIN ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS I. INSTALLATION DATA Name of Site: The installation is currently called “United States Army Garrison - Kwajalein Atoll/ Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site” (USAG-KA/RTS) effective 01 October 2013. The installation has undergone multiple name changes since its inception: U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/ Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (USAKA/RTS) from 15 June 2001 to 01 October 2013; U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/ Kwajalein Missile Range (USAKA/KMR) from 01 March 1998 to 15 June 2001; U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) from 14 November 1986 to 30 September 1997; Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) from 15 April 1968 to 13 November 1986; Kwajalein Test Site from 1 July 1964 to 14 April 1968. Between 1945 and 30 June 1964, while under the command of the United States Navy, the installation was referred to at various times as the Navy Operating Base Kwajalein, Naval Air Station Kwajalein, Naval Station Kwajalein and Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) Kwajalein. Site Number: NQ100 [for Military Real Property Inventory purposes, assigned by the U.S. Army Chief of Engineers per paragraph 2.2.1 (3) of AR 405-45] U.S. Mail Address: PSC 701-PO Box 26, APO AP 96555-0001 Status: USAG-KA/RTS is a Class II site (Active) of the United States Army and is designated a subordinate activity of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Jabat Survey
    REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE Archaeological and Anthropological Survey of Jabat Island Richard V. Williamson and Donna K. Stone HPO Report 2001/06 © Republic of the Marshall Islands Historic Preservation Office Majuro Atoll, 2001 © 2001, Republic of the Marshall Islands Historic Preservation Office. All rights reserved. The contents of this study are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the Historic Preservation Office, except where permitted by law. The research and this publication have been financed entirely with Federal funds from the Historic Preservation Fund grant program in partnership with the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, United States of America. However, the contents and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Park Service, the Department of the Interior, or the Government of the United States of America, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the National Park Service, the Department of the Interior, Government of the United States of America, or the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This program received Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • CA-HPO Workshop with Edit Comments Sept20 Nm
    REPORT OF MEETING CONSULTATION WORKSHOP of the REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE: HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN 2015 (MAJURO, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 21–23 October 2015) Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Internal Affairs Historic Preservation Office P.O. Box 1454, Majuro, MH 96960 Phone/Fax (692) 625-4476, email: [email protected] Website: www.rmihpo.com CONSULTATION WORKSHOP of the REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE: HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN 2015 (MAJURO, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 21–23 October 2015, Sandy’s Cafe) Prepared by: Mabel Peter & Steve Titiml of the Republic of the Marshall Islands Historic Preservation Office Contents Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 Workshop Details, Agenda & Participant list.................................................................. 1 Day 1: Wednesday 21 October........................................................................................2 Opening................................................................................................................................ 2 Session 1: RMI Historic Preservation Office: Program Overview......................................... 2 Organizational Chart..................................................................................... 3 Other Activities............................................................................................. 4 Projects........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Polynesian Voyaging Society COPYRIGHT APPROVALS
    OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS DRAFT AND PENDING ANY OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS PHOTO Polynesian Voyaging Society COPYRIGHT APPROVALS. Paia Kāne Program Improvement Section Office of Hawaiian Affairs 560 North Nimitz Highway, Suite 200 Honolulu, HI 96817 www.oha.org OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS DRAFT AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PENDING ANY Contents Over 40 years ago, a small group of visionaries, Herb Kane, Tommy Holmes, and Ben Finney, founded the Polynesian Voyaging Society (PVS), thus putting their dreams PHOTOinto motion begin- Executive Summary 2 ning with the Höküle`a , a double-hull canoe which eventually evolved into an internationally recognized symbol of Hawaiian culture and a reconnection to ancestral landsCOPYRIGHT via sailing voyages Introduction 4 to Polynesia. Purpose 4 The Polynesian Voyaging Society reintroduced the lost art of wayfinding byAPPROVALS. embarking on a series of long distance voyages starting with the construction of double hull ocean voyaging Scope 4 canoes. In 1975, the Höküle`a was built followed a few years later by the Hawai`iloa, and the Hikianalia in 2012. Polynesian Voyaging Society 5 Höküle`a as drawn worldwide attention since its voyage of rediscovery in 1976, retracing the routes of settlement used by Polynesian ancestors. Today, Höküle`a and its sister ship, Hikiana- OHA Sponsorship 5 lia, have chosen to not only promote Hawaiian culture, but to draw attention to the modern day problems that plague our Island Earth. Prelude to WWV 6 Their 2013 worldwide voyage is named Mälama Honua (Care for the Earth) and will cover a Funding 7 four-year span beginning with a training voyage around the Hawaiian Islands called Mälama Hawai`i with scheduled stops at 32 locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I
    Annex II – Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I FEASIBILITY STUDY Addressing Climate Vulnerability In the Water Sector (ACWA) United Nations Development Programme UNDP On behalf of Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands RMI March 2018 For Submission to the Green Climate Fund EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a small island developing states (SIDS) consisting of 29 coral atolls and 5 single islands. The nation is a large-ocean state, with approximately 1,225 islands and islets with a total land area of only 182 km2, spread across over 2 million km2 of vast ocean space. Most of the 24 inhabited local government jurisdictions (atolls and islands) are remote and lie merely 2 meters above sea level on average, posing various challenges and risks to sustainable development in face of climate change. RMI’s population in 2017 is estimated as 55,5621, most of which is concentrated in urban atolls of Majuro and Kwajalein (Ebeye)2. Context Climate Change: It is predicted, that RMI will face increasing sea level rise, increasing rainfall variability with potential for extended drought periods and increasing storm surges with climate change3, further aggravating RMI’s vulnerability and more specifically sustainable water supply. These climate change impacts are likely to exacerbate the risks of water shortages in RMI, by further challenging the ability of the Marshallese people to have access to safe freshwater resources year-round. Droughts and storm waves are some of the key climate based events that impact RMI. Climate projections show that in the next twenty-five years, rainfall and drought scenarios in RMI will continue and may increase in the short term4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canoe Is the People LEARNER's TEXT
    The Canoe Is The People LEARNER’S TEXT United Nations Local and Indigenous Educational, Scientific and Knowledge Systems Cultural Organization Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 1 14/11/2013 11:28 The Canoe Is the People educational Resource Pack: Learner’s Text The Resource Pack also includes: Teacher’s Manual, CD–ROM and Poster. Produced by the Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Programme, UNESCO www.unesco.org/links Published in 2013 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France ©2013 UNESCO All rights reserved The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Coordinated by Douglas Nakashima, Head, LINKS Programme, UNESCO Author Gillian O’Connell Printed by UNESCO Printed in France Contact: Douglas Nakashima LINKS Programme UNESCO [email protected] 2 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 2 14/11/2013 11:28 contents learner’s SECTIONTEXT 3 The Canoe Is the People: Indigenous Navigation in the Pacific Learnerstxtfinal_C5.indd 3 14/11/2013 11:28 Acknowledgements The Canoe Is the People Resource Pack has benefited from the collaborative efforts of a large number of people and institutions who have each contributed to shaping the final product.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Risk Assessment for Ebeye
    Coastal Risk Assesment for Ebeye Technical report | Coastal Risk Assessment for Ebeye Technical report Alessio Giardino Kees Nederhoff Matthijs Gawehn Ellen Quataert Alex Capel 1230829-001 © Deltares, 2017, B De tores Title Coastal Risk Assessment for Ebeye Client Project Reference Pages The World Bank 1230829-001 1230829-00 1-ZKS-OOO1 142 Keywords Coastal hazards, coastal risks, extreme waves, storm surges, coastal erosion, typhoons, tsunami's, engineering solutions, small islands, low-elevation islands, coral reefs Summary The Republic of the Marshall Islands consists of an atoll archipelago located in the central Pacific, stretching approximately 1,130 km north to south and 1,300 km east to west. The archipelago consists of 29 atolls and 5 reef platforms arranged in a double chain of islands. The atolls and reef platforms are host to approximately 1,225 reef islands, which are characterised as low-lying with a mean elevation of 2 m above mean sea leveL Many of the islands are inhabited, though over 74% of the 53,000 population (2011 census) is concentrated on the atolls of Majuro and Kwajalein The limited land size of these islands and the low-lying topographic elevation makes these islands prone to natural hazards and climate change. As generally observed, small islands have low adaptive capacity, and the adaptation costs are high relative to the gross domestic product (GDP). The focus of this study is on the two islands of Ebeye and Majuro, respectively located on the Ralik Island Chain and the Ratak Island Chain, which host the two largest population centres of the archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Yearbook, 2017
    REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK 2017 Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office (EPPSO) Office of the President Republic of the Marshall Islands RMI Statistical Yearbook, 2017 Statistical Yearbook 2017 Published by: Economic Policy, Planning and Statistics Office (EPPSO), Office of the President, Republic of the Marshall Islands Publication Year: June, 2018 Technical support was provided by Inclusive Growth Thematic cluster, UNDP, Pacific Office, Suva, Fiji Disclaimer The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNDP or EPPSO. The pictures used in this publication are mostly taken from the Google search and some from the respective organization’s websites. EPPSO is not responsible if there is any violation of “copy right” issue related with any of them. 1 RMI Statistical Yearbook, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 5 FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... 7 SUGGESTED NOTES PRIOR TO READING THIS PUBLICATION .......................................................... 10 BRIEF HISTORY OF REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ............................................................. 12 REPUBLIC
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Death Toll Is Rising
    , .,/ ./ K_~.J ALE I ~___ ,H~-t\--H-a-U~R G '-~S S VOLUME 14 KWAJAlEIN ATOll, MARSHAll ISLANDS, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1977 NUMBER 216 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * SUN & SURF * U.S. REFUGEES RETURN TO THEIR HOMES * * * AS OF 0001 HOURS 8 NOV. '77 * * RAINFAll: .03 lnch * * MONTHLY TOTAL: 2.12 inches * FLOOD DEATH TOLL IS RISING * YEARLY TOTAL' 72.82 inches * ATLANTA (UPI) -- Hundreds of flood refugees plodded back to crushed or mud-scarred homes ln * TOMORROW * the southern Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains and searchers pokeo through debrls for more * Hi Tlde: 0312 5.2' 1533 6.0' * vlctlms of the deadly mountaln rains. * lo Tide' 0915 0.4' 2149 0.3' * The death toll from the weekend rampage by mountain streams cllmbed to 49. Resuce workers * MOONRISE: 0517 MOONSET: 1730 * search1ng a flood-ravaged Slble college campus at Toccoa, Georgla, found the body of Dr. Jerry * SUNRISE: 0639 SUNSET 1827 * Sproull, a professor at Toccoa Falls College. Sproull was the 38th victlm of the Toccoa floodlng. *.* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Authorltles are contlnuing the search for another man st1ll mlssing and presumed dead. Governor George Busbee informed the White House he would seek federal disaster aid. * FINANCIAL NEWS * * * Searchers ln the Blue Ridge Mountalns of North Carolina found flve more bodles, boostlng the * DO~JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGES * state's weekend death toll to * 30 Indus. off 0.17 at 816.27 * 10. * 20 Trans. up 0.44 at 206.52 * HIGH LEVELS Of AID TO ISRAEL The bodles of two three­ * 15 Utils. up 0.33 at 108.71 * year-old brothers were found * 65 Stocks up 0.28 at 279.45 * yesterday a short distance * Volume: 19,210,000 Shares * AND EGYPT MA Y IMPEDE PEACE from where the1r mother's * Closing Gold Pnce $165.15 * WASHINGTON (UPI) -- Lavish ald promises to Israel and Egypt body was recovered Sunday.
    [Show full text]
  • KW 15, 1955 Northern Marshall Islands Lkpedition, 1951-1952
    ATOLL RLSZiRCkI BULLSTIN Northern Marshall Islands Expedition, 1951-1952. Land biota: Vascular plants. by F, R. F'osberg Issued by THE PACIFIC SCILiVCE BOliHD National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council :lashington, D. C. KW 15, 1955 Northern Marshall Islands lkpedition, 1951-1952. Land biota: Vascular plants .ly2 by F. 8. Fosberg 3 1/ Publication authorized by the Di.rector, U. S. Geological Survey Preli!ninary results of the lkpedition to the Northern Elarshall Islands, 1951-1352, 110.2. Botanist, U. S, Geological Survey . Northern Narshall Islands Zxpedition; 1951-1952. Land biota: Vascular plants. by F. 3. Fosberg , . Following the nhrrative of the expedi-tion to the northern Karshalls made in 1951 and 1952, it seems north whi1.e to present the raw dsta collected in a series of: prel3minary papers, to make them available for general use and reference xitilout waiting urlbil tLey are cc:npletely studied and interpreted. Formal pubiicri.tion of a more parmanent charactsr is planned as detailed .studies are co;u$eted. This paper presents distribu- tional and ecological records, as aell as r~iitiverimes, of the vascular plants coliected on the expedition.. TQ these have beer1 added recorus from the author% 1946 and. 1950 coLlections, a few Wake &lad collections made in 1953, a~cja few miscell.acileo;ls collections by others. Other signi- ficant collections fromthe nort,%ern Marsilr:lis, not included here, are those of NU. Randolph Taylor, pubiished by hiin iri his MI'lants of Bikini," ttiose , made by Adelbert de . Ct~aniissowkii,.e on the Zotzebue ikpeditionJ and those made on several [email protected] .
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots David K. Watkins University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Isabella Premoli Silva Università degli Studi di Milano Elisabetta Erba Università degli Studi di Milano, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Watkins, David K.; Silva, Isabella Premoli; and Erba, Elisabetta, "Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese- Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 221. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/221 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 5. CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE MANGANESE-ENCRUSTED HARDGROUNDS FROM CENTRAL PACIFIC GUYOTS1 David K. Watkins,2 Isabella Premoli Silva,3 and Elisabetta Erba3 ABSTRACT Manganese-encrusted hardgrounds and associated sediments from four guyots in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated using lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic examination of thin sections. Biostratigraphic data from manganese-encrusted hard- grounds constrain the age of platform drowning to early middle Eocene for Limalok Guyot, latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene for Wodejebato Guyot, and middle late Albian for MIT Guyot.
    [Show full text]