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The Repeated-Suspect Effect: What Is the Effect of Repeated Identification Attempts on Eyewitness Accuracy and the Original Memory for the Culprit?" (2020)

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The Repeated-Suspect Effect: What Is the Effect of Repeated Identification Attempts on Eyewitness Accuracy and the Original Memory for the Culprit? Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2020 The repeated-suspect effect: What is the effect of repeated identification attempts on ye ewitness accuracy and the original memory for the culprit? Adele M. Quigley-McBride Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Quigley-McBride, Adele M., "The repeated-suspect effect: What is the effect of repeated identification attempts on eyewitness accuracy and the original memory for the culprit?" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 18204. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/18204 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The repeated-suspect effect: What is the effect of repeated identification attempts on eyewitness accuracy and the original memory for the culprit? by Adele Quigley-McBride A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Psychology Program of Study Committee: Gary L. Wells, Major Professor Christian A. Meissner Stephanie Madon Jason C.K. Chan Matthew DeLisi The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Adele Quigley-McBride, 2020. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 Eyewitness Identification Procedures ..................................................................................... 9 Research-Based Recommendations for Conducting Eyewitness Identification Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 10 Suggestive Identification Procedure: A Showup Procedure ............................................. 12 Suggestive Identification Procedure: A Biased Lineup .................................................... 13 Suggestive Procedure: Multiple Identification Attempts with the Same Eyewitness ........ 16 Research Relevant to Repeated-Suspect Effects ................................................................... 18 Bystander-Culprit Confusion Effect ................................................................................ 18 Mugshot-Exposure Effect ............................................................................................... 20 Blank Lineup Paradigms ................................................................................................. 23 Direct Studies of the Repeated-Suspect Effect ................................................................ 25 Processes and Mechanisms Contributing to the Repeated-Suspect Effect ............................. 33 Memory Factors.............................................................................................................. 34 Non-Memory Factors ...................................................................................................... 51 Final Remarks on Processes Contributing to the Repeated-Suspect Effect ....................... 58 CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENT ONE .......................................................................................... 60 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 60 Predictions ........................................................................................................................... 61 Hypotheses Set 1A: The Repeated-Suspect Effect ........................................................... 61 Hypotheses Set 2A: Remember-Know-Guess and Source-Monitoring Processes ............ 62 Hypotheses Set 3A: Commitment Effects ....................................................................... 63 Hypotheses Set 4: Memory for the Culprit ...................................................................... 64 Method ................................................................................................................................ 65 Participants ..................................................................................................................... 65 Design ............................................................................................................................ 66 Materials......................................................................................................................... 66 Procedure ....................................................................................................................... 71 Results ................................................................................................................................. 75 Materials Check .............................................................................................................. 75 Manipulation Checks ...................................................................................................... 76 Hypotheses Set 1A: Repeated-Suspect Effect .................................................................. 76 Hypotheses Set 2A: Remember-Know-Guess and Source-Monitoring Processes ............ 83 Hypothesis Set 3A: Commitment Effects ........................................................................ 94 iii Hypotheses Set 4: Memory for the Culprit. ..................................................................... 97 Experiment 1 Discussion .............................................................................................. 103 CHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENT TWO ....................................................................................... 107 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 107 Predictions ......................................................................................................................... 108 Hypotheses Set 1B: The Repeated-Suspect Effect ......................................................... 108 Hypotheses Set 2B: Remember-Know-Guess and Source Monitoring Processes ........... 109 Hypotheses Set 3B: Commitment Effects ...................................................................... 110 Hypotheses Set 5: Social Influence ............................................................................... 110 Method .............................................................................................................................. 111 Participants ................................................................................................................... 111 Design .......................................................................................................................... 112 Materials....................................................................................................................... 114 Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 114 Results ............................................................................................................................... 117 Materials Check ............................................................................................................ 117 Manipulation Checks .................................................................................................... 118 Hypotheses Set 1B: Repeated-Suspect Effect ................................................................ 118 Hypotheses Set 2B: Remember-Know-Guess Processes and Source Monitoring ........... 127 Hypotheses Set 3B: Commitment Effects ...................................................................... 136 Hypotheses Set 5: Social Influence ............................................................................... 139 Experiment 2 Discussion .............................................................................................. 141 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 146 Hypotheses Set 1: Repeated-Suspect Effects ...................................................................... 147 Hypotheses Set 2: Dual-Process Recognition and Source Monitoring................................. 149 Remember-Know-Guess Judgments (R-K-G) ............................................................... 149 Source Monitoring Judgments......................................................................................
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