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Check List 9(4): 733–739, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Check List 9(4): 733–739, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Flowering plants of the Grota do Angico Natural PECIES S Monument, Caatinga of Sergipe, Brazil OF Ana Cecília da Cruz Silva 1*, Ana Paula do Nascimento Prata 2 and Anabel Aparecida de Mello 3 ISTS L 1 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação – PPEC, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação – PPEC, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this study was to survey the Angiosperms from an area of Caatinga, in the Grota do Angico Natural Monument, state of Sergipe, Brazil. A total of 174 species and 51 families were registered. Fabaceae (29 species) is the family with the highest number of species, followed by Asteraceae (11), Euphorbiaceae (10), Malvaceae and Poaceae (9 each) and Rubiaceae (8), Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae and Convolvulaceae (7 each). Most species are herbaceous (55.2%), followed by trees (20.7%), shrubs and vines (7.5% each), subshrubs (6.3%), epiphytes (1.7%) and hemiparasites (1.2%). results reinforce the importance of conserving the remaining forest vegetation against the anthropic pressure. Approximately 17% (30 species) of the flora are endemic to the Caatinga, one species is rare and two are vulnerable. Our Introduction the municipalities of Canindé do São Francisco and Poço The Caatinga, also known as Seasonal Dry Tropical Redondo, with the São Francisco River on its northern Forest (Pennington et al. 2004), covers most of the area boundary (Semarh 2009) (Figure 1). The area has in the northeast semiarid region (Andrade-Lima 1981). megathermal semiarid climate, rainfall 500-700 mm/ In general, it is characterized as a forest of low stature, year (Santos and Andrade 1992). The average annual composed of trees and shrubs that often have thorns, temperature is 26-28oC and insolation is more than 3,000 succulents and a herbaceous stratum that is present h/year (Duarte 2002). The vegetation is represented by only during the short rainy season (Cardoso and Queiroz two types of forest: dense deciduous hiperxerophilous forest and open vegetation in regeneration stages, with Angiosperm species, it also has a high degree of endemism grazing and abandoned areas with saline soils (Ribeiro (Giulietti2007). Besides 2003) the and high different floristic types diversity, of vegetation with at least (Prado 932 and Mello 2007). 2003), which are responsible for the high environmental heterogeneity (Silva et al. 2003). of reproductive material through walks across the area A large portion of the Caatinga presents increased of study,The floristic from August survey 2009 is based to July on 2010.monthly The collection voucher anthropic action and 45.3% of its area is degraded (Santos material is deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal and Andrade 1992). Currently, it is the third biome most changed by man in Brazil, after the Atlantic Forest and the follows APG III (2009) and the spelling of species names Cerrado (Castelletti et al. 2003). Still, the Caatinga contains University of Sergipe (ASE). The familiar classification the lowest rate and smallest protected area amongst all Botanical Garden (2013) and Forzza et al. (2013). biomes (Leal et al. 2005). was verified by electronic consultation with the Missouri The Grota do Angico Natural Monument is an area of some categories, such as Caatinga endemics (Giulietti extreme biological importance (Giulietti 2003) and has et al.The 2002; floristic Cardoso list includes and Queiroz common 2007; names, Queiroz habit, 2009), and endangered in Brazil (MMA 2008) or in the world (IUCN there has been an increase in research with the biota in 2010) and rare in Brazil (Giulietti et al. 2009). The SEMARH thisbeen Protectedgreatly modified Area (Ribeiro due to 2007; human Ruiz-Esparza action. Recently, et al. (Department of Environment and Water Resources) 2011; Santana et al. 2011), but there are few studies on the provided the research permit. Results and Discussion Caatinga,flora (Ferraz in 2009).the Grota This studydo Angico was conduced Natural toMonument, determine the Angiosperms floristic composition from an area of presented 174 species and 51 families of Angiosperms Protected. (TableThe 1). floristic Fabaceae, survey with of 29 the species MONA (12 Grota in Faboideae, do Angico 9 aiming to increase the knowledge of the flora in this Area in Mimosoideae, and 8 in Caesalpinioideae) was the most Materials and Methods representative family in number of species. In Caatinga, The study was conducted in an area of 251 ha in a fragment of Caatinga in the Grota of Angico Natural Monument (09°39’53.5”S and 09°39’56.0”S; 37°40’10.3” (11this species),is the most Euphorbiaceae important (10),group Malvaceae floristically and (Queiroz Poaceae W and 37°41’06.9” W), which has a total area of 2,183 (92006). each), Other Rubiaceae families (8), that and deserve Bromeliaceae, mention areCactaceae Asteraceae and ha and is situated in the High Wilderness of Sergipe, in Convolvulaceae (7 each). Together, these nine families 733 Silva et al. | Flowering plants of the Grota do Angico Natural Monument, Brazil analysis of the plant community. Fabaceae presented the highest richness of herbaceous species per family (14: 11 in Faboideae and 3 in Caesalpiniodeae), followed by Asteraceae (10), Poaceae (9) and Malvaceae (8). These families were predominant in different habitats of Caatinga, et al. 2005; Reis et al. 2006), crystalline and sedimentary areas (Silvasuch as et rocky,al. 2009), flat and caatingagallery microhabitats s. str. (Costa et (Araújo al. 2009). Forty-nine species, representing 23 families are trees and shrubs. Fabaceae, with 12 species, presented the highest number of woody species (9 in Mimosoideae and 3 in Faboideae), followed by Euphorbiaceae (7), Rubiaceae (4), and Anacardiaceae and Cactaceae (3 each). These families have also presented high representativeness in this stratum in other surveys in Caatinga (Amorim et al. 2005; Fabricante and Andrade 2007), including in the state of Sergipe (Souza 1983; Fonseca 1991; Dória Neto 2009; Ferraz 2009; unpublished data). The exception is Rubiaceae, which according to Ferraz et al. (1998), is characteristic of areas with higher rates of precipitation and relative humidity and lower temperatures. The results found in this work coincide with the information listed previously, since Chomelia obtusa, Machaonia brasiliensis, Tocoyena formosa and Tocoyena sellowiana were collected near the edge of the São Francisco River. The vines deserve prominence for the considerable number of species (13), representing six families, of which Convolvulaceae, with six species, is the best represented. Similar numbers were found by Alcoforado-Filho et al. (2003) and Araújo et al. (2005) in other areas of the Caatinga. Epiphytes showed a low number, with only three species of Bromeliaceae. In this survey, 36 species (20.7%) are endemic to Figure 1. Location of study area in the Grota of Angico Natural the Caatinga (Table 1); similar numbers were found by Monument, Canindé do São Francisco and Poço Redondo, Sergipe, Brazil. Lacerda et al. (2007) in a riparian area of this biome. Cactaceae and Fabaceae presented the highest number account for 55,7% of all sampled species. A large number of endemic species (6 and 5, respectively). Two species of families are poorly represented in the area, 23 of them (Myracrodruon urundeuva and Schinopsis brasiliensis) by only one species (Table 1). These data, along with other surveys conducted in the Caatinga, point to a tendency a great part of plant diversity is concentrated in few families Lippiabelong pedunculosa,to the vulnerable was also category collected. in theDespite official being list the of (Araújo et al. 1995). onlyendangered rare species species found of inBrazilian the study flora. area, A its rare presence species, is There is a higher percentage of herbaceous plants, with et al. (2009), 96 species (55.2%), followed by trees (20.7%), shrubs and rare species occur in Brazil on average every 3,730 km2. vines (7.5% each), subshrubs (6.3%), epiphytes (1.7%) significantThe results because,of this study according demonstrate to Giulietti that the dominant and hemiparasites (1.2%). The high number of herbaceous families are similar to other families in Caatinga habitats plants was also found in other areas of Caatinga (Reis et al. 2006; Costa et al. 2009; Santos et al. 2009; Silva et phytosociological studies, has a great importance in local al. 2009). The predominance of herbaceous species is diversity.and that the The herbaceous, presence of usually rare species neglected and otherin floristic endemic and and vulnerable to extinction emphasize the importance of phytosociological studies in Caatinga, including in Sergipe, this Protected Area and justify greater protection against arelikely focused characteristic on woody of species, other areas, preventing but most a more floristic effective and the anthropic pressure. 734 Silva et al. | Flowering plants of the Grota do Angico Natural Monument, Brazil Table 1. voucher numbers (ASE), Sergipe, Brazil. Habit: Epi = epiphytic; Her = herbaceous; Hpa = hemiparasite; Shr = Shrurb; Ssh = subshrub; Tre = tree; Vin = herbaceous List vine of orfamilies woody and vine. species Categories: of flowering End = endemic; plants from R = rare;the Grota VU = ofvulnerable. Angico Natural Monument, with common names, habits, categories and FAMILY / SPECIES COMMON NAME HABIT CATEGORY VOUCHER Acanthaceae Ruellia asperula (Mart. and Nees) Lindau Camaratu Her - 15678 Ruellia bahiensis (Nees) Morong Papa-conha Her - 16466 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P. Beauv. Erva-de-ovelha Her - 14556 Amaryllidaceae Habranthus sylvaticus Herb. Alho-bravo Her - 20303 Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão Aroeira-do-sertão Tre VU 15699 Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.
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