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National Science Board: the Skilled Technical Workforce

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National Science Board: the Skilled Technical Workforce NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE: Crafting America’s Science & Engineering Enterprise Why do the National Academies expect 3.4 million unfilled skilled 3.4M technical jobs by 2022? What did 139 stakeholders from across the country say the U.S. should do to 139 improve opportunities for skilled technical workers? What 4 recommendations do we offer for building the Skilled Technical 4 Workforce of the future? 2 THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE Cover Photo Credit: Darryl Estrine THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE 3 THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE: Crafting America’s Science & Engineering Enterprise September 2019 Report #: NSB-2019-23 4 THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE DIANE L. SOUVAINE ELLEN OCHOA NSB Chair NSB Vice Chair Professor of Computer Director (retired) Science and Adjunct Lyndon B. Johnson Space Professor of Mathematics Center Tufts University JOHN L. ANDERSON JAMES S. JACKSON G.P. “BUD” PETERSON President Daniel Katz Distinguished Professor National Academy of University Professor of Woodruff School of Engineering Psychology; Professor of Mechanical Engineering Afro-American and African Georgia Institute of ROGER N. BEACHY Studies; Research Professor, Technology Professor Emeritus of Research Center for Group Biology Dynamics, Institute for Social JULIA M. PHILLIPS Washington University, St. Research Executive Emeritus Louis University of Michigan Sandia National Laboratories ARTHUR BIENENSTOCK STEVEN LEATH DANIEL A. REED Professor Emeritus of President (retired) Senior Vice President for Iowa State University and Photon Science Academic Affairs (Provost) Stanford University Auburn University University of Utah VICKI L. CHANDLER W. CARL LINEBERGER GERALDINE L. Fellow of JILA and E. U. Dean of Faculty RICHMOND Minerva Schools at KGI Condon Distinguished Professor of Chemistry Presidential Chair in Science University of Colorado and Professor of Chemistry MAUREEN L. CONDIC University of Oregon Associate Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy VICTOR R. MCCRARY Vice President for Research ANNEILA I. SARGENT University of Utah, School of Ira S. Bowen Professor of Medicine and Graduate Programs; Professor of Chemistry Astronomy University of the District of California Institute of W. KENT FUCHS Columbia Technology President University of Florida EMILIO F. MORAN S. ALAN STERN John A. Hannah Associate Vice President SURESH V. GARIMELLA Distinguished Professor of and Special Assistant to the President Global Change Science President University of Vermont Michigan State University Southwest Research Institute ROBERT M. GROVES SETHURAMAN STEPHEN H. WILLARD Provost and Executive CEO PANCHANATHAN Cellphire, Inc. Vice President; Gerard J. Executive Vice President Campbell, S.J. Professor and Chief Research and in the Math and Statistics Innovation Officer of MARIA T. ZUBER Department; Professor in the Knowledge Enterprise Vice President for Research Sociology Department Development; Director of Massachusetts Institute of Georgetown University the Center for Cognitive Technology Ubiquitous Computing Arizona State University BOARD MEMBERS BOARD THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE 5 Dear Colleague: For many years, the National Science Board (NSB, Board) has had a keen interest in the state of the STEM-capable workforce in the United States. The health of that workforce is vital to America’s economic prosperity, our scientific and technological competitiveness, and our national security. Building on the Board’s past work, this report focuses on a crucial but underappreciated part of the science and engineering enterprise: the Skilled Technical Workforce (STW), the millions of men and women with STEM skills and knowledge who do not have a bachelor’s degree. This report is the culmination of our 18-month effort to identify the opportunities and challenges facing students, incumbent workers, businesses, educators, and others involved with the STW. It offers recommendations for how federal policymakers and educators can work together to foster the STW, so that all Americans can participate in and benefit from advances in science and technology. The NSB’s engagement with this topic is not over. The work of the Task Force will continue to influence and inform our thinking as we craft the STEM-capable workforce of the future. We welcome feedback on this report. If you have comments or questions, please contact Dr. John Veysey II, Executive Officer to the Board at (703) 292-7000 or at [email protected]. Sincerely, Diane L. Souvaine Chair, NSB FRANCE A. CÓRDOVA JOHN J. VEYSEY II MEMBERS OF THE Director Executive Officer STW TASK FORCE National Science Foundation National Science Board Victor R. McCrary, Chair National Science Foundation Vicki L. Chandler Robert M. Groves James S. Jackson W. Carl Lineberger Geraldine L. Richmond CHAIR’S MESSAGE 6 THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE o grow our nation’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) capacity and ensure that Americans nationwide can participate in a science and engineering (S&E) intensive economy, the United States must foster its Skilled Technical Workforce (STW)—individuals who use S&E skills in their jobs but do not have a bachelor’s degree. Rapid changes in the nature of work, education, technology, workforce demographics, and international competition have led the National Science Board (NSB, Board) to conclude that our competitiveness, security, and research enterprise require this critical, but often overlooked segment of our STEM-capable workforce. Adding to the near-term urgency, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report predicts a shortfall of nearly 3.4 million skilled technical workers by 2022.1 Expanding the diversity and inclusivity of science and engineering is vital to the future of the S&E enterprise and crucial to maintaining the broad public support for S&E that has fueled American prosperity and national security for the past 70 years. It is in the nation’s interest that all Americans, including the two in three U.S. adults who do not have a bachelor’s degree, have the opportunity to participate in and benefit from our scientific and technological progress. To achieve this, the Board believes that the United States should increase the emphasis on cultivating the STW as part of continued robust support for the education of scientists and engineers. Over the past two years, the NSB Task Force on the Skilled Technical Workforce has identified opportunities and challenges facing students, incumbent workers, businesses, educators, and others involved with the STW.2 In the course of our activities, four systemic issues surfaced that will necessitate new partnerships among various types of educational institutions, all levels of government, and industry to strengthen this critical segment of the workforce. By focusing on these areas, we seek to build on the efforts of the White House,3 Congress, and others4 to create STW opportunities for more Americans. We offer the following recommendations: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE 7 CHANGE THE MESSAGE: The NSB and the FOCUS ON THE DATA: To understand and begin National Science Foundation (NSF), and to address data gaps, NSF’s National Center for other S&E leaders should communicate Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), with the importance of the STW to our nation’s additional federal resources and collaborating with S&E enterprise, individual economic other statistical agencies, should collect nationally prosperity, national security, and U.S. global representative data on the education, skills, and competitiveness. Raising awareness about workforce characteristics of the STW. NSF should STW career and educational pathways can promote partnerships between governmental also help to address misperceptions and and non-governmental (industry, academia) lack of awareness of skilled technical career stakeholders in the STW to share data and develop opportunities among parents, educators, tools for public use and workforce planning. guidance counselors, and students. Key messages include: LEVERAGE THE PORTFOLIO OF FEDERAL INVESTMENTS: There is an opportunity for • Skilled technical work is crucial to the the Federal agencies that support STW-related nation and its S&E enterprise. programs to leverage one another’s activities and • The multiple educational pathways into maximize the nation’s federal investments in the the S&E enterprise are complementary STW through a holistic, coordinated approach. NSF and interdependent. Together they can lead by example by conducting a full portfolio produce the educated, skilled, and analysis that will value and categorize its STW diverse workforce the United States investments across all directorates in the areas of needs in today’s knowledge-and education, research, infrastructure, data collection, technology-intensive world. and analysis. The analysis of NSF’s portfolio of • Skilled technical work is a pathway that STW-related investments could publicize and can lead in a variety of educational and inform stakeholders about the breadth of NSF’s career directions. contributions to the STW, build awareness of • Pursuit of skilled technical work is about funding opportunities, and help maximize and personal preferences and choices. leverage the impact of these investments. BUILD PARTNERSHIPS: In strengthening educational pathways for the STW, policymakers and educational institutions should recognize that The multiple educational K-12 school systems, two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities, and other post-secondary
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