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Download (980Kb) DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Gilbert & Sullivan - Leben, Werk und Wirksamkeit“ Band 1 von 1 Bänden Verfasserin Martina Lammel angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2008 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 343 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Johann Hüttner “Once, long ago, before Lerner and Lowe; before Porter, or Gershwin, or Rogers, Most of the tunes with the 'moons' and the 'Junes' were composed by two old English codgers” Danny Kaye Danksagung: Zu Beginn möchte ich mich bei all jenen bedanken, die mich bei der hier vorliegenden Diplomarbeit unterstützt haben: Der Vortragenden Patricia Häusler-Greenfield, M.A. verdanke ich meine erste musikalische und thematische Begegnung mit Gilbert und Sullivan und letztendlich diese Diplomarbeit. Im gleichen Sinne möchte ich mich bei Univ.-Prof. Dr. Johann Hüttner für die inhaltliche Betreuung, die konstruktive Kritik, theaterwissenschaftlich relevante Literaturempfehlungen und die fortwährende Motivation sowie Geduld bedanken. Mag. Irene Rauch, die sich wiederholt die Zeit genommen hat und einzelne Kapitel sowie die fertige Diplomarbeit gelesen hat, gebührt ebenfalls großer Dank. Unser angeregter gedankliche Austausch war dabei für mich von unschätzbarem Wert. Auch bei Mag. Barbara Ottawa muss ich mich für die wertvollen Anmerkungen, Aufmunterungen und Tipps bedanken. Ein herzliches Dankeschön ergeht an Stefan Pattis, der mich in Layout- und Formatierungsaufgaben unterstützt hat. Besonders dankbar bin ich meinen Eltern und meinem Bruder, die mir im Alltag genügend Freiraum geschaffen haben, um die vorliegende Arbeit schreiben und letztendlich auch fertigstellen zu können. Darüber hinaus haben sie mich unermüdlich ermutigt und motiviert. Danke für eure Geduld und Toleranz! Letztendlich danke ich den zahlreichen Mitwirkenden des „Gilbert and Sullivan Festival“ 2007 in Buxton/GB, die mich mit ihrem Enthusiasmus für Gilbert und Sullivan beeindruckten und deren Interpretationen der Werke mich in kritischen Phasen des Schreibens inspirierten. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung:.......................................................................................................................3 2. Gilbert, Sullivan und D'Oyly Carte..................................................................................... 2.1. Sir William Schwenck Gilbert – der Librettist...........................................................8 2.2. Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan – der Komponist........................................................17 2.3. Richard D'Oyly Carte – der Impresario..................................................................29 3. Das Savoy Theatre.......................................................................................................37 4. Gilbert und Sullivans Einfluss auf das Theater – damals wie heute..............................44 4.1. Zensur...................................................................................................................44 4.2. Publikumsgeschmack und Unterhaltungsniveau...................................................46 4.3. Regie.....................................................................................................................48 4.4. Chor......................................................................................................................53 4.5. Ensemble..............................................................................................................54 4.6. Text & Ton.............................................................................................................56 4.7. Anspielungen und Referenzen in Belletristik, Film und TV ...................................58 5. Gilbert & Sullivan – die Zusammenarbeit......................................................................60 5.1. Wie alles begann...................................................................................................60 5.2. Die Comedy Opera Company...............................................................................63 5.3. Die D'Oyly Carte Opera Company........................................................................65 5.4. Die Copyright-Misere.............................................................................................68 5.5. Konflikte, Streitigkeiten und der Carpet Quarrel....................................................75 5.6. Warum letztendlich alles zu Ende ging..................................................................79 6. Die Savoy Operas – Operetten, Opern, Singspiele?.....................................................82 6.1. Die Savoy Operas im Einzelnen............................................................................85 6.1.1. Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old..................................................................86 6.1.2. Trial by Jury...................................................................................................88 6.1.3. The Sorcerer..................................................................................................90 6.1.4. H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor..........................................93 6.1.5. The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty.............................................96 6.1.6. Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride......................................................................98 1 6.1.7. Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri...............................................................101 6.1.8. Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant..................................................................105 6.1.9. The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu...............................................................109 6.1.10. Ruddigore, or The Witch's Curse...............................................................114 6.1.11. The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid........................118 6.1.12. The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria...................................................122 6.1.13. Utopia Limited, or The Flowers of Progress...............................................125 6.1.14. The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel.....................................................128 7. Schwierigkeiten bei der Übersetzung der Werke von Gilbert & Sullivan.....................132 7.1. Inhalt, Thematik und kultureller Kontext..............................................................132 7.2. Musik, Sprache und Übersetzungskritik..............................................................136 7.3. Gilbert und Sullivans Humor und seine Übersetzungsproblematik......................139 8. Conclusio....................................................................................................................143 9. Abstract.......................................................................................................................150 10. Literaturverzeichnis...................................................................................................151 11. Lebenslauf................................................................................................................161 2 1. Einleitung: „Das heitere, dramatische und musikdramatische Theater der viktorianischen Epoche war“, Bernard Grun zufolge, „stärksten Einflüssen aus Paris und Wien unterworfen – und entwickelte dennoch seine definitive, höchst liebliche Eigenart. Aus Fragmenten der Pantomime und der opéra comique wie aus Offenbachschen und Johann Straußschen Elementen schufen Gilbert und Sullivan die englische Operette“1. Doch wer waren Gilbert und Sullivan? Gilbert und Sullivan, oder genauer gesagt der Librettist Sir William Schwenck Gilbert und der Komponist Sir Arthur Sullivan, haben in den letzten 125 Jahren die Populär-Kultur im englisch/amerikanischen Kultur- und Sprachraum nachhaltig beeinflusst. Während selbst heute noch so manches englischsprachige Kind mit ihren Werken, den so genannten Savoy Operas, oder zumindest mit den eingängigen Melodien und frechen Texten der beiden aufwächst, so kennt hingegen im deutschsprachigen Raum kaum jemand die wichtigsten Vertreter der englischen Operette bzw. der komischen Oper. Woran liegt das? Sind Gilberts Texte nicht übersetzbar? Ist der Humor typisch britisch und daher nicht so einfach in einen anderen soziokulturellen Kontext einzubetten? Sind die Werke, sowohl textlich als auch musikalisch, nicht für jedes Ohr gedacht? Sind die Inhalte, Sujets oder Themen der Savoy Operas gar verstaubt, nicht mehr zeitgemäß oder realitätsfern und aus diesem Grund heute nicht mehr spielbar? Und wie sieht es dann mit den Werken ihrer Zeitgenossen aus? Woran kann es liegen, dass in Österreich, einem Land mit einer derart langen Musiktheatertradition, in dem kein Spielplan lange ohne Richard Heuberger, Emmerich Kálmán, Franz Lehár, Karl Millöcker, Jacques Offenbach, Robert Stolz oder Johann Strauss Sohn auskommt, gerade die repräsentativsten Werke Englands dermaßen vernachlässigt werden? All diesen Fragen soll in der hier vorliegenden Diplomarbeit nachgegangen werden, wobei jedes der vierzehn von Gilbert und Sullivan gemeinschaftlich verfassten Werke auf seinen Inhalt, das Thema der Satire, seine Entstehungsgeschichte und seine Rezeption durch das Publikum und die zeitgenössische Presse ansatzweise analysiert werden soll. Dabei wird sich herausstellen, wie viele Textpassagen und Zitate aus den Savoy Operas in den heutigen englischen Sprachgebrauch eingegangen sind und völlig losgelöst vom 1 Grun,
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