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557121 bk ViolinFanUS 02/09/2003 12:24 Page 8 Laureate Series • Violin Frank HUANG First Prize 2000 Hannover International Violin Competition Fantasies Schubert • Ernst • Schoenberg • Waxman Dina Vainstein, Piano Frank Huang Photo: Robert Levin 8.557121 8 557121 bk ViolinFanUS 02/09/2003 12:24 Page 2 Violin Fantasies • Frank Huang Angeles niederließ. Er fand Arbeit in der Filmindustrie mit dem Marsch des Toreros, wie er in der bei Warner Brothers und war Mitglied einer Gruppe Opernouvertüre zu hören ist. Es schließt sich eine Schubert • Ernst • Schoenberg • Waxman begabter Komponisten in Hollywood, zu der auch ausgeschmückte Version der berühmten Habanera an, Franz Schubert wrote his Fantasy in C major, D.934, the theme ends with a cadenza-like passage for the Korngold gehörte. Für Jean Negrolescus Film und dann folgt Melodie auf Melodie, darunter auch relatively late in his short career. The son of a Vienna violin, followed by a brief return of the opening, before Humoresque, in dem die reiche Salondame Joan Carmens Seguidilla und ein charakteristischer schoolmaster, he had served as a chorister in the the cheerful Allegro, its violin tremoli leading to a Crawford einen widerstrebenden, aber talentierten spanischer Tanz. Alle Melodien werden zu einem Imperial Chapel, left after his voice had broken to moment of tranquillity in the mood of the song and Geiger umwirbt, der von John Garfield gespielt wird, überaus dichten und virtuosen Werk verwoben, das qualify himself as a schoolteacher, and thereafter spent variations. The respite is short-lived, capped soon by a schrieb Waxman, wie er sich nun nannte, die Musik, die zweifellos seinen ursprünglichen dramatischen Zweck much of his time in the company of like-minded friends. final virtuoso Presto. für einen Oscar nominiert wurde. Die Filmmusik bringt erfüllte. Prolific, particularly in his composition of songs, he had The violinist and composer Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst die unvermeidliche Komposition gleichen Titels von Keith Anderson begun to achieve some public success by the time of his was born in Brno in 1814 and after early study in his Dvo˘rák, enthält jedoch auch die Carmen-Fantasie, die death, with the first official concert devoted to his music native city entered the Vienna Conservatory in 1825 as Themen aus Bizets Oper verwendet. Das Werk beginnt Deutsche Fassung: Peter Noelke given in 1828 and growing interest from music a pupil of Böhm and of Seyfried. He heard Paganini in publishers. The Fantasy was written towards the end of Vienna three years later and soon abandoned his 1827 for Josef Slavik, one of the first great Czech violin studies, after disciplinary action against him for virtuosi, who died in Budapest in 1833 at the age of 27. unauthorised absence. Setting out on a concert tour, he Slavik gave the first performance of the work in January made his way to Paris, where he was able to hear more 1828 with Carl Maria von Bocklet, when the demands it of Paganini, whose unpublished compositions he played made on the audience persuaded some, including by ear, in 1837 anticipating Paganini’s arrival in critics, to leave before the end, in spite of a virtuoso Marseille by giving his own concert there. He continued element in the writing that was calculated to appeal to to appear throughout Europe until about 1857, when he contemporary taste. The work is in four sections, turned his attention rather to chamber music, marked respectively Andante molto, Allegretto, collaborating from 1859 with Joachim, Wieniawski and Andantino and Allegro, before moving to a reminiscent Piatti in the Beethoven Quartet Society. In 1864 he Allegretto and a final Presto, with a key pattern that retired to Nice, to find some relief from gout, and died moves from C major to A minor and A major, and then, there the following year. His Fantaisie brillante sur la in the third section, to A flat major, a key recalled after marche et la romance d’Otello de Rossini was a return to C major, to which the final Presto returns. published in 1839. Rossini’s opera Otello had first been The violin first enters above the tremoli of the piano, staged in 1816 and was later revised. It is very loosely both suggesting, as so often, a song of serenity and based on Shakespeare’s play. Ernst’s Fantaisie starts passing sadness. A violin melody of another kind opens with an Introduction in which the march and romance the A minor Allegretto section, violin and piano taking are both heard. A cadenza leads to the return of the turns with the melody. Moving into A major, the music march, announced by the violin in multiple stopping. becomes rapider, hinting often at Austrian popular The first variation calls for all the technical command of musical traditions, before the A minor theme returns. a Paganini. The second variation gives the violinist There are shifts of key as a preparation for the wide leaps to high harmonics, before a change of key Andantino, with three variations on the song Sei mir into the romance, itself to be varied before a cadenza gegrüsst, the heart of the work. The fourth version of leads to the third variation, in which the solo violin 8.557121 2 7 8.557121 557121 bk ViolinFanUS 02/09/2003 12:24 Page 6 erstmals auf die Bühne gekommen und wurde später Instrumentalkomposition. Sie beruht auf einer Reihe ornaments the march with its own intricate elaborations. the Più mosso. überarbeitet. Ernsts Fantaisie beginnt mit einer von zwölf Halbtönen, in der die ersten sechs Noten There is a return to the more lyrical material of the Like Schoenberg, Franz Waxman was also a Introduction, in der sowohl der Marsch als auch die umgekehrt werden, um den zweiten Teil der Reihe zu Introduction before an elegantly virtuosic final section. refugee from Hitler’s Germany. Born in 1906 in Upper Roamanze angestimmt werden. Eine Kadenz führt zur bilden. Diese werden zu Beginn von der Violine With Schoenberg’s Phantasy for violin with piano Silesia, Franz Wachsmann was the son of an Rückkehr des Marsches, die von der Violine mit vorgestellt, während das Klavier, das im allgemeinen accompaniment, an accurate description of the work, industrialist and had to contend with paternal opposition Mehrfachgriffen angekündigt werden. Die erste eine untergeordnetere Rolle spielt, Noten aus der there is a move into very different musical territory. to his choice of such an insecure profession as that of Variation verlangt nach den virtuosen Fähigkeiten eines Umkehrung der Reihe entweder in akkordischen Born in Vienna, Arnold Schoenberg spent much of his musician. After a brief period working in a bank, he Paganini. Die zweite Variation fordert vom Geiger Clustern oder in schneller Folge spielt. Obwohl es oft earlier career in Berlin, until the rise of Hitler made it saved enough money to study in Dresden and Berlin, weite Sprünge zu den hohen Flageoletts, und dann führt schwierig ist, der Form von Werken dieser Art hörend necessary to take refuge elsewhere. He made his final finding work as a café pianist and, notably, a ein Tonartwechsel zur Romanze, die ebenfalls variiert zu folgen, sollte es durchaus möglich sein, die drei home in America, where he died in 1951. His influence collaboration with a jazz group known as the Weintraub wird. Eine Kadenz leitet zur dritten Variation über, in kurzen Episoden zu unterscheiden, die den ersten on the music of the twentieth century was very great, in Syncopators, for which he also made arrangements. He der die Violine den Marsch mit ihren eigenen Abschnitt, Grave bilden. Die zweite Episode beginnt particular through his development and promulgation of found additional employment arranging music for films komplizierten Verzierungen umspielt. Es folgt eine mit einem Glissando und die dritte mit einem schweren theories of composition in which the unity of a work is and a meeting with Friedrich Holländer, later known in Rückkehr zum eher lyrischen Material der Introduction, Klavierakkord und weiten Sprüngen in der Violine zu provided by the use of a predetermined series of the America as Frederick Hollander, led to his orchestration bevor eine elegante virtuose Passage das Werk einem hohen Flageolett. Es folgt eine Passage mit neun twelve semitones of the octave, their order also inverted of the latter’s score for the Josef von Sternberg film beschließt. Takten, die Più mosso, furioso überschrieben ist. Auf or used in reverse form, with octave displacement, the Der blaue Engel. As a refugee from Germany, where he Mit Schönbergs Fantasie für Violine mit ein Lento folgt ein Grazioso-Abschnitt, der zu einem use of notes of the same name in a higher or lower had had personal experience of the brutality of the Klavierbegleitung, eine treffende Beschreibung des Scherzando und einem Meno mosso überleitet. Es register. This serial music, coupled with atonality, the supporters of the new régime, he moved to France and Werkes, begeben wir uns auf ein ganz anderes schließen sich die Rückkehr zum Grave des Beginns avoidance of a key or key centre, if such a thing were then to America, settling in Los Angeles. Here he found musikalisches Terrain. Geboren in Wien verbrachte und weitere Elemente des Più mosso an. possible, found much favour, and was extended by a place in the film industry, leading to a position with Schönberg den größten Teil seiner frühen Karriere in Wie Schönberg war auch Franz Waxman aus some into other aspects of music. The Phantasy, Op.47, Warner Brothers, one of a group of gifted composers in Berlin, bis ihn der Aufstieg Hitlers und des Hitler-Deutschland geflohen. Er wurde 1906 in written in 1949, was the last of Schoenberg’s Hollywood that included Korngold. It was for the 1946 Nationalsozialismus zwangen, ins Ausland zu fliehen.