DOCSLIB.ORG

Cast Cover 01

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cast Cover 01 Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops Published by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology for the United Soybean Board The Council for Agricultural Science and The United Soybean Board Technology (CAST) 16640 Chesterfield Grove Road, Suite 130, 4420 West Lincoln Way Chesterfield, MO 63005 Ames, IA 50014-3447, USA (800) 989-USB1 (8721) (515) 292-2125, fax: (515) 292-4512 World Wide Web: www.unitedsoybean.org e-mail:[email protected] World Wide Web: www.cast-science.org The United Soybean Board (USB) is a farmer-led organi- zation comprising 61 farmer-directors; it oversees the CAST assembles, interprets, and communicates science- investments of the soybean checkoff on behalf of all U.S. based information regionally, nationally, and internation- soybean farmers. ally on food, fiber, agricultural, natural resource, and related societal and environmental issues to our stake- holders—legislators, regulators, policy makers, the media, the private sector, and the public. CAST is a nonprofit organization composed of scientific societies and many individual, student, company, nonprof- it, and associate society members. CAST’s Board of Directors is composed of representatives of the scientific societies and individual members, and an Executive Committee. Citation: Carpenter, J., A. Felsot, T. Goode, M. Hammig, Copies of Comparative Environmental Impacts D. Onstad, and S. Sankula. 2002. Comparative of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived Corn, and Cotton Crops are available on the web and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops. at www.cast-science.org and www.talksoy.com Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, and from the United Soybean Board, 16640 Ames, Iowa. www.cast-science.org. Sponsored by Chesterfield Grove Road, Suite 130, Chesterfield, MO 63005 the United Soybean Board. www.unitedsoybean.org Phone: (800) 989-USB1 (8721). Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops Janet Carpenter Allan Felsot Timothy Goode Michael Hammig David Onstad Sujatha Sankula Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Printed in the United States of America Cover design and graphics by Laura L. Angelly, Creative Impressions, Inc., 6233 Corporate Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46278. Printed using soyink. ISBN 1-887383-21-2 05 04 03 02 4 3 2 1 June 2002 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa i Authors Janet Carpenter, M.S. The National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy 1616 P Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 Allan Felsot, Ph.D. Washington State University Entomology/Environmental Toxicology 2710 University Drive Richland, WA 99352 Timothy Goode Clemson University Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics 229 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634 Michael Hammig, Ph.D. Clemson University Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics 229 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634 David Onstad, Ph.D. University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences 1201 S. Dorner Dr Urbana, IL 61801 Sujatha Sankula, Ph.D. The National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy 1616 P Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 Project Coordination Cindy Lynn Richard, CIH Program Coordinator Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) 505 Capitol Court, N.E., Suite 200 Washington, DC 20002 Phone: (202) 675-8333, ext. 12 Linda M. Chimenti, MLS Managing Scientific Editor Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) 4420 West Lincoln Way Ames, Iowa 50014 Phone: (515) 292-2125, ext. 31 ii Table of Contents Tables and Figures List ......................................................v Foreword ..........................................................................vii I. Executive Summary........................................................1 II. Introduction ..................................................................5 III. Overview of Modern Biotechnology ..........................7 IV. Soybean ......................................................................15 V. Corn..............................................................................51 VI. Cotton ......................................................................101 VII. Literature Cited ......................................................135 Appendix I. Glossary......................................................179 Appendix II. Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols ..185 Appendix III. List of Reviewers ..................................189 iii Tables and Figures List Table III-1 Table IV-3 Source of trait genes and ancillary genetic elements Herbicide use trends in in Roundup Ready crops...........................................8 U.S. soybean 1995-2000.........................................27 Table III-2 Figure IV-8 Partial listing of endotoxins from different Bt strains Soybean herbicide application and their spectrum of insecticidal activity..............12 rates 1990-2000.......................................................27 Figure IV-1 Table IV-4 U.S. area harvested by crop 2000 ...........................16 Persistence of common soybean herbicides in soil .......................................29 Figure IV-2 World soybean production 1999/2000....................16 Table IV-5 No-till full-season soybean acreage Figure IV-3 in the U.S., 1995-2000............................................31 U.S. soybean production.........................................17 Figure IV-9 Figure IV-4 U.S. soybean yields 1960-2001 ..............................43 U.S. soybean production in 1990-2000 ..................17 Table IV-6 Figure IV-5 Comparison of known allergen Timeline of developments in and CPF EPSPS characteristics ..............................46 crop improvement ...................................................18 Table V-1 Table IV-1 Genetic characteristics of pest-protected Sources for genetic elements of and herbicide-tolerant corn plants...........................53 biotechnology-derived soybean ..............................16 Table V-2 Table IV-4 Major herbicides used over the last Persistence of common 10 years in U.S. corn production ............................58 soybean herbicides in soil. ......................................19 Table V-3 Figure IV-6 Comparison of Bt toxin no observable U.S. adoption of glyphosate-tolerant soybean........22 effects concentration (NOEC) in soil relative to the estimated environmental concentrations Table IV-2 (EEC).......................................................................83 Major herbicides used in U.S. soybean production from 1995-2000 ....................................26 Figure V-1 Relationship between yield and acres Figure IV-7 harvested during the last 100 years.........................85 Glyphosate use trend in U.S. soybean ....................26 Figure V-2 Relationship between yield, acres harvested, and yearly use of Bt corn during the crop years 1998 through 2000.........................................85 v Table V-4 Table VI-7 No observable effect level (NOEL) for mortality Economic data for traditional following exposure of rats to purified Bt toxin and Bt cotton 1997-2000.......................................129 protein .....................................................................86 Table VI-8 Table V-5 Traditional and Bt cotton economic data, Concentration of Bt Cry protein (microgram 4-year averages .....................................................129 per gram of wet plant tissue) in various corn tissues at plant maturity and estimated grams Table VI-9 of protein per acre of corn ......................................87 Estimated world cotton yield comparisons by region and years 1992-2000 (pounds/acre)......130 Table V-6 Concentration of protein (microgram Table VI-10 per gram of wet plant tissue) in various Estimated world cotton yield comparisons corn tissues at plant maturity and estimated by region and years 1992-2000 (kg/hectare) ........130 grams of protein per acre of corn............................89 Table VI-11 Table VI-3 Estimated yield comparisons of countries United States cotton production by state ..............127 growing biotechnology-derived cotton, 1992-2000 (pounds/acre) ......................................131 Table VI-4 Biotechnology-derived upland cotton Table VI-12 varieties in the United States by state; Estimated yield comparisons of countries 2000-2001 (percent of upland cotton growing biotechnology-derived cotton, acreage planted) ....................................................128 1992-2000 (kg/hectare).........................................131 Table VI-1 Table VI-13 World cotton production by country, Distribution of Economic Surplus global share, and 1000-480 lb bales Associated with Bt Cotton Planted (market year 2001/2001).......................................101 in the United States in 1996 to 1997) ...................132 Table VI-2 Table VI-14 Global area of biotechnology-derived Distribution of Share (percent) crops and cotton’s share........................................126 of Economic Surplus from Biotechnology-derived Bt Cotton Table VI-5 for Different Stakeholders.....................................132 Summary of on-farm Bollgard comparisons in Mississippi...................................128 Table VI-6 Summary of on-farm Bollgard comparisions over three cotton production regions, 1996-98 .................................128 vi Foreword Following a request by the United Soybean
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Pentatomidae, Or Stink Bugs, of Kansas with a Key to Species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Richard J
    Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Biology Faculty Papers Biology 2012 The eP ntatomidae, or Stink Bugs, of Kansas with a key to species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Richard J. Packauskas Fort Hays State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholars.fhsu.edu/biology_facpubs Part of the Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Packauskas, Richard J., "The eP ntatomidae, or Stink Bugs, of Kansas with a key to species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" (2012). Biology Faculty Papers. 2. http://scholars.fhsu.edu/biology_facpubs/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. 210 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 45, Nos. 3 - 4 The Pentatomidae, or Stink Bugs, of Kansas with a key to species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Richard J. Packauskas1 Abstract Forty eight species of Pentatomidae are listed as occurring in the state of Kansas, nine of these are new state records. A key to all species known from the state of Kansas is given, along with some notes on new state records. ____________________ The family Pentatomidae, comprised of mainly phytophagous and a few predaceous species, is one of the largest families of Heteroptera. Some of the phytophagous species have a wide host range and this ability may make them the most economically important family among the Heteroptera (Panizzi et al. 2000). As a group, they have been found feeding on cotton, nuts, fruits, veg- etables, legumes, and grain crops (McPherson 1982, McPherson and McPherson 2000, Panizzi et al 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Sugarcane Production in Malawi: Pest, Pesticides and Potential for Biological Control
    Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Biosciences Department of Plant Sciences Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) Thesis 2018:65 Sugarcane Production in Malawi: Pest, Pesticides and Potential for Biological Control Sukkerrørpoduksjon i Malawi: skadedyr, plantevernmidler og potensial for biologisk kontroll Trust Kasambala Donga Sugarcane Production in Malawi: Pests, Pesticides and Potential for Biological Control Sukkerrørproduksjon i Malawi: Skadegjørere, Plantevernmidler og Potensial for biologisk kontroll Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) Thesis TRUST KASAMBALA DONGA Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Biovitenskap Department of Plant Sciences Ås (2018) Thesis number 2018:65 ISSN 1894-6402 ISBN 978-82-575-1533-1 PhD supervisors: Professor Richard Meadow Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N0-1432 Ås, Norway Dr. Ingeborg Klingen Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Biotechnology and Plant Health Division. P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway Professor Ole Martin Eklo Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Biotechnology and Plant Health Division. P.O. Box 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway Professor Bishal Sitaula Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, P.O. Box 5003, N0-1432 Ås, Norway Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from T 7.26 - 13.78 3.69 NCBI for Alignment C 7.26 25.64 - 3.69 G 9.57 7.88 4.24 - S.NO Name Accession Number Country 1
    International Journal of Entomology Research International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 Received: 23-03-2020; Accepted: 12-04-2020; Published: 18-04-2020 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 2; 2020; Page No. 116-119 Analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene fragment and its informative potential for phylogenetic analysis in family pentatomidae (hemiptera: hetroptera) Ramneet Kaur1*, Devinder Singh2 1, 2 Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India Abstract Pentatomidae is a widely diverse family represented by 4,722 species belonging to 896 genera. It is considered as one of the largest family within suborder Heteroptera. In the present study, partial mitochondrial COI gene fragment of approximately 600bp from seven species of family Pentatomidae collected from different localities of Northern India has been analysed. The data divulged an A+T content of 65.8% and an R value of 1.39. The COI sequences were added directly to Genbank NCBI. The database analysis shows mean K2P divergence of 0.7% at intraspecific level and 13.5% at interspecific level, indicating a hierarchal increase in K2P mean divergence across different taxonomic levels. Keywords: pentatomidae, mitochondrial gene, COI Introduction Punjabi University, Patiala. DNA was extracted from legs of Family Pentatomidae, chosen for the present study, is one of the specimens following the method of Kambhampati and the largest families within suborder Hetroptera (Rider 2006- Rai (1991) [5] with minor modifications. A region of COI 2017) [8]. Most species in this family are economically gene was amplified using primers LCO1490 and HCO2198 important as agricultural pests, whereas some are used as (Folmer et al., 1994) [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture
    USDA United States Department Insects and Related Arthropods Associated with of Agriculture Forest Service Greenleaf Manzanita in Montane Chaparral Pacific Southwest Communities of Northeastern California Research Station General Technical Report Michael A. Valenti George T. Ferrell Alan A. Berryman PSW-GTR- 167 Publisher: Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California Forest Service Mailing address: U.S. Department of Agriculture PO Box 245, Berkeley CA 9470 1 -0245 Abstract Valenti, Michael A.; Ferrell, George T.; Berryman, Alan A. 1997. Insects and related arthropods associated with greenleaf manzanita in montane chaparral communities of northeastern California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-167. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. Agriculture; 26 p. September 1997 Specimens representing 19 orders and 169 arthropod families (mostly insects) were collected from greenleaf manzanita brushfields in northeastern California and identified to species whenever possible. More than500 taxa below the family level wereinventoried, and each listing includes relative frequency of encounter, life stages collected, and dominant role in the greenleaf manzanita community. Specific host relationships are included for some predators and parasitoids. Herbivores, predators, and parasitoids comprised the majority (80 percent) of identified insects and related taxa. Retrieval Terms: Arctostaphylos patula, arthropods, California, insects, manzanita The Authors Michael A. Valenti is Forest Health Specialist, Delaware Department of Agriculture, 2320 S. DuPont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901-5515. George T. Ferrell is a retired Research Entomologist, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2400 Washington Ave., Redding, CA 96001. Alan A. Berryman is Professor of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382. All photographs were taken by Michael A. Valenti, except for Figure 2, which was taken by Amy H.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records and Taxonomic Updates for Adventive Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Hawai`I
    42 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS: No. 79, 2004 Expedition, 1895-’97, Nos. 501-705. Made by Perkins in 1936. Box 1, Bishop Museum Archives. (Photocopy of original in British Museum of Natural History). Sharp, D. 1878. On some Nitidulidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 26: 127–140. ———. & H. Scott. 1908. Coleoptera III, p. 435–508. In: Sharp D., ed. Fauna Hawaii- ensis, Volume 3, Part 5. The University Press, Cambridge, England. Figs. 1–3. Prosopeus male genitalia. 1, Prosopeus subaeneus Murray; tegmen of male, ventral; 2, same, apex of inverted male internal sac; 3, Prosopeus scottianus (Sharp); apex of inverted male internal sac. sd, sperm duct; v, ventral surface. Scale bars 0.1mm. New records and taxonomic updates for adventive sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Hawai`i CURTIS P. EWING (Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-0901, USA; email: [email protected]) and ANDREW S. CLINE (Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 10803, USA; email: [email protected]) The adventive sap beetles present in Hawai`i are all saprophagous, except for Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga, which is predatory. Species in the genus Carpophilus are the most commonly encountered and are considered nuisance pests around pineapple fields and canneries (Illingworth, 1929; Schmidt, 1935; Hinton, 1945). The remaining species are less frequently encountered and are not considered to be impor- tant pests. We report 2 new state records, 5 new island records, and 4 taxonomic changes for the adventive sap beetles in Hawai`i. With the exception of Stelidota chontalensis Sharp, all of the species reported are widely distributed outside Hawai`i.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Entomologist the Grea T Lakes E N Omo L O G Is T Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol
    The Great Lakes Entomologist THE GREA Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol. 45, Nos. 3 & 4 Fall/Winter 2012 Volume 45 Nos. 3 & 4 ISSN 0090-0222 T LAKES Table of Contents THE Scholar, Teacher, and Mentor: A Tribute to Dr. J. E. McPherson ..............................................i E N GREAT LAKES Dr. J. E. McPherson, Educator and Researcher Extraordinaire: Biographical Sketch and T List of Publications OMO Thomas J. Henry ..................................................................................................111 J.E. McPherson – A Career of Exemplary Service and Contributions to the Entomological ENTOMOLOGIST Society of America L O George G. Kennedy .............................................................................................124 G Mcphersonarcys, a New Genus for Pentatoma aequalis Say (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) IS Donald B. Thomas ................................................................................................127 T The Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Missouri Robert W. Sites, Kristin B. Simpson, and Diane L. Wood ............................................134 Tymbal Morphology and Co-occurrence of Spartina Sap-feeding Insects (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) Stephen W. Wilson ...............................................................................................164 Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae) Associated with the Dioecious Shrub Florida Rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Ericaceae) A. G. Wheeler, Jr. .................................................................................................183
    [Show full text]
  • Iowa State College Journal of Science 18.2
    IOWA STATE COLLEGE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Published on the first day of October, January, April, and July EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-JN-CHIEF. Joseph C. Gilman. AssrsTANT EnrToR, H. E. Ingle. CONSULTING EDITORS: R. E. Buchanan, C. J. Drake, I. E. Melhus, E. A. Benbrook, P. Mabel Nelson, V. E. Nelson, C. H. Brown, Jay W. Woodrow. From Sigma Xi: E. W. Lindstrom, D. L. Holl, C. H. Werkman. All manuscripts submitted ~~Quld be apdressed to J . C. Gilman, Botany Hall, Iowa St_a.t~ !Go~e~e.: !f..~s. I!J"!a; • : • • , . ~ . .. All remittances sfulolB :be ~tldr~~sed° to ~~.,"dQ~iiate Press, Inc., Col­ legiate Press Buildir\g, f\,m,.e9. lewa. • • • I • •• • • • • 0 Single CoP.~~s;''1.0ll ci;_c~~ V~.t~ ~~Il,:il0''. ~$2.QO}.•.A:U,.ual Subscrip­ tion: ~3 . ao;:in'Ca!'lada.$3.25~ Forei~. $S.!i0. ~ •• •• : ••• : ·· ~ .·· .............. :· ·: . .: .. : .....·. ·. ... ··= .. : ·.······ Entered as second-class matter January 16, 1935, at the postoffice at Ames, Iowa, under the act of March 3, 1879. THE COCCIDIA OF WILD RABBITS OF IOWA II. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH EIMERIA NEOLEPORIS CARVALHO, 1942' Jos:E C. M. CARVALHO' From the Entomology and Economic Zoology Section, Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station and the Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of the Interior Received December 10, 1942 During the author's experiments with coccidia of wild rabbits in Iowa, the most complete studies were made with E. neoleporis, because it was able to grow in the tame rabbit. Experiments were carried on to observe its behavior, life cycle, biometrical or physiological changes, immunity relationships, etc., in the latter host.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Publications Special
    ARACHNIDS ASSOCIATED WITH WET PLAYAS IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS WITH WET PLAYAS ARACHNIDS ASSOCIATED SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 54 2008 ARACHNIDS ASSOCIATED WITH WET PLAYAS IN THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS (LLANO ESTACADO), C okendolpher et al. U.S.A. JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER, SHANNON M. TORRENCE, JAMES T. ANDERSON, W. DAVID SISSOM, NADINE DUPÉRRÉ, JAMES D. RAY & LOREN M. SMITH SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 54 Arachnids Associated with Wet Playas in the Southern High Plains (Llano Estacado), U.S.A. JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER , SHANNON M. TORREN C E , JAMES T. ANDERSON , W. DAVID SISSOM , NADINE DUPÉRRÉ , JAMES D. RAY , AND LOREN M. SMI T H Texas Tech University, Oklahoma State University, B&W Pantex, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, West Texas A&M University, West Virginia University Layout and Design: Lisa Bradley Cover Design: James C. Cokendolpher et al. Copyright 2008, Museum of Texas Tech University All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including electronic storage and retrieval systems, except by explicit, prior written permission of the publisher. This book was set in Times New Roman and printed on acid-free paper that meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed: 10 April 2008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 54 Series Editor: Robert J. Baker Arachnids Associated with Wet Playas in the Southern High Plains (Llano Estacado), U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae (Spider) Photos
    Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison.
    [Show full text]
  • Occasional Papers
    NUMBER 79, 64 pages 27 July 2004 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 2003 PART 2: NOTES NEAL L. EVENHUIS AND LUCIUS G. ELDREDGE, EDITORS BISHOP MUSEUM PRESS HONOLULU C Printed on recycled paper Cover illustration: soldier of Coptotermes formosanus, the subterranean termite (modified from Williams, F.X., 1931, Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian sugar cane fields). Bishop Museum Press has been publishing scholarly books on the natu- RESEARCH ral and cultural history of Hawai‘i and the Pacific since 1892. The Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin series (ISSN 0005-9439) was begun PUBLICATIONS OF in 1922 as a series of monographs presenting the results of research in many scientific fields throughout the Pacific. In 1987, the Bulletin series BISHOP MUSEUM was superceded by the Museum’s five current monographic series, issued irregularly: Bishop Museum Bulletins in Anthropology (ISSN 0893-3111) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Botany (ISSN 0893-3138) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Entomology (ISSN 0893-3146) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Zoology (ISSN 0893-312X) Bishop Museum Bulletins in Cultural and Environmental Studies (NEW) (ISSN 1548-9620) Bishop Museum Press also publishes Bishop Museum Occasional Papers (ISSN 0893-1348), a series of short papers describing original research in the natural and cultural sciences. To subscribe to any of the above series, or to purchase individual publi- cations, please write to: Bishop Museum Press, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA. Phone: (808) 848-4135. Email: [email protected]. Institutional libraries interested in exchang- ing publications may also contact the Bishop Museum Press for more information.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Orb‐Weaving Spider
    Cladistics Cladistics (2019) 1–21 10.1111/cla.12382 Phylogeny of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae (Araneae: Araneoidea) Nikolaj Scharffa,b*, Jonathan A. Coddingtonb, Todd A. Blackledgec, Ingi Agnarssonb,d, Volker W. Framenaue,f,g, Tamas Szuts} a,h, Cheryl Y. Hayashii and Dimitar Dimitrova,j,k aCenter for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; bSmithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution, NW Washington, DC 20560-0105, USA; cIntegrated Bioscience Program, Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA; dDepartment of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0086, USA; eDepartment of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia; fSchool of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; gHarry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; hDepartment of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H1077 Budapest, Hungary; iDivision of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; jNatural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway; kDepartment of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Accepted 11 March 2019 Abstract We present a new phylogeny of the spider family Araneidae based on five genes (28S, 18S, COI, H3 and 16S) for 158 taxa, identi- fied and mainly sequenced by us. This includes 25 outgroups and 133 araneid ingroups representing the subfamilies Zygiellinae Simon, 1929, Nephilinae Simon, 1894, and the typical araneids, here informally named the “ARA Clade”.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection
    Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection Waqas Wakil Jose Romeno Faleiro Thomas A. Miller Editors Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection Series editor Aurelio Ciancio, Sezione di Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Bari, Italy More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13031 Waqas Wakil • Jose Romeno Faleiro Thomas A. Miller Editors Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges Editors Waqas Wakil Jose Romeno Faleiro Department of Entomology Food and Agriculture Organization University of Agriculture of the United Nations Faisalabad , Punjab , Pakistan IPM (Red Palm Weevil) Al-Ahsa , Saudi Arabia Thomas A. Miller Department of Entomology University of California Riverside , CA , USA Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection ISBN 978-3-319-24395-5 ISBN 978-3-319-24397-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-24397-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015958728 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Chapter 9 was created within the capacity of an US governmental employment. US copyright protection does not apply. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]